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THE BISMARCK TRIBUNE An Independent Newspaper THE STATE'S OLDEST NEWSPAPER (Established 1873) Published by The Bismarck Tribune Company, Bis- marck, N. b,, and entered at the postoffice at Bismarck as second clas mail matter. George D. Mann ............. . President and Publisher eee aleneomene ec cmeenianae nena Subscription Rates Payable in Advance Daily by carrier, per year .. Daily by mail per year (ip Bismarck) . Daily by mall per year + $7.20 . 1.20 (in state. outside Bismarck) .... ++. 5.00] preference. te Daily by mail outside of North Dakota + $00} tt will be commercial competition of the keenest. sort Weekly by mail in state, per year . .$1.00| 4nd the result will be watched with interest, for mil- Weekly by mail in state, three years ++ 2.50 Weekly by mail outside of North Dakota, eee 150 oe. 2.00 OOF YORE voi cssosiss sa genes igs Weekl7 by mail in Canada per year .... Member Audit Bureag of Circulation Member of The Associated Press The Assoctated Press is exclusively entitled to the use tor republication of all news dispatches credited to it or bot otherwise credited ih this newspaper and. also the local news of spontaneous origin published herein All rights of republication of all other matter herein are also reserved, (Official City, State and County Newspaper) Foreign Representatives SMALL, SPENCER & LEVINGS (incorporated) Formerly G. Logan Payne Co. CHICAGO NEW YORK BOSTON The Pendulum Swings i Having been headed southward since late June, the; sun today reverses the process and begins the weary| climb back toward the place in the heavens which it en- joys during the summer. | idable protest. | Consists of diamonds, emeralds, gem-studded bracelets! THE BISMARCK TRIBUNE, MONDAY DECEMBER 22, 1930 unlimited with a large number of super-power stations pushing the smaller stations into the background. And there comes one of the rubs which Mr. Yost’s recommendations may bring to the fore. The smaller radio stations will not like the competition of the larger ones which, presumably, will be able to offer more at- tractive programs. Radio stations are commercial enter- prises and their success is based largely on the number of persons who listen in and the interest which they can | create among those listeners. With the distant large station just as easy to “bring in” as the nearby smaller one, the high-power station seems likely to get the | lions of dollars are invested in small local radio stations throughout the country and those dollars were invested in the hope they would show a profit. The investors are/ | not going to see their dollars jeopardized without a form- A Prince of Old India A press correspondent who set himself the job of find- ing out who is actually the world’s richest man managed | to produce something of a surprise. The title belongs, not to Ford or Rockefeller, but to a relatively obscure Indian prince called the Nizam of Hyderabad. This gentleman is worth fully a billion dollars. and probably a good deal more. Furthermore, he has all of his fortune where he can see it and touch it. Half of it consists of gold—gold coins, golden bars, golden! ornaments, heaped up in the royal coffers; the rest of it and coronets, pearl necklaces and the like. i And all of it, you may be very sure, lies wasting its glitter on the darkness of an impenetrable treasure-/ house, with sword-girt guards at the door ready io strike Astronomers and others calculate that December 21 is the shortest day in the year and that on December 22 Old Sol makes the first hesitant start northward on a swing which will end when the maximum is reached next June 21. This business of the sun swinging to and fro in the heavens has been going on for countless years and is one of the phenomena which best evidences the fact that a guiding hand rules the world. Because man has learned the ways of the universe, at least in part, we are confident that the sun will swing back to a higher place in the skies—because it always has. Because the sun always has reversed its pendulum- like swing after reaching a certain point in the south- ern sky, we have come to know its ways and the rapid shortening of the daylight hours, observable in Novem- ber and December, causes us no forebodings. It may not always have been so, however. Consider the caveman, if such a being ever lived,; watching the sun travel southward and feeling the weather grow chill and cold. Imagine, if you can, with what emotion h@watched this giver of life and comfort disappearing from the place which he felt it should hold in his scheme of things. Perhaps there were weird incantations, human sacrifices and all manner of voodoo- ism practiced in an effort to propitiate the gods which were presumed to determine such things. For the sun was and is important to the savage. Lack of provisions for the long and barren winter was a! recurring evil. Sm@ky fires, made from wood cut with stone axes, were a good deal less pleasant than the in- vigorating sun, and then there always was the fear that the sun would forget to stop its southward trek. What @ feeling that must have been. We fecl that we know, when the sun swings south- ward in the autumn that it will “hit the bottom” on December 21 and will thén turn northward again. But man, with all his knowledge and skill, can get an idea of how puny he really is by imagining for a moment what would happen if the sun failed to reverse itself and kept. might on sinking lower and lower in the southern sky, finally to disappear altogether. For we are just as dependent on the sun as was the caveman of the stone age. Not only do we need it to produce food and light, we need Gaily applications of sunshine, if this globe is to remain h@bitable at all. One does not think of the sun's cOnstancy as 2 cause, for thanksgiving but the fact remains that all our prob- Jems would be over with if the law which controls the movements of Old Sol were to fail to operate. A New Farm Industry An entirely new industry is rising on the American horizon where it is most needed. Farm cooperatives for raising game birds and animals are just around the corner and will add @ huge annual income to agricul- ture. This is the belief of Seth Gordon, conservation director of the Izaak Walton League, and recently named president of the American Game Protective as- sociation. Mr. Gordon was a leader in the fight for the national game policy recently adopted by the Seventeenth American Game conference here. The policy offers landowners the opportnuity of making money on game crops raised upon their property. “The New Jersey fish and game commission has esti-; be used against strikers. mated the total amount spent annually by hunters in that state alone for equipment, guides and other neces-| purposes shall be forbidden by the law creating the saries as more than $5,000,000. Pennsylvania reports a} force. : conservative estimate of $10,000,000. Other states like} Robber bands arc fleet,; Maine and Michigan estimate their income from the Sports of hunting and fishing to be one of the largest of any industry in their borders,” he pointed out. “This gives some idea of the returns to be reaped by farmers who enter seriously into game keeping as a secondary crop, help bring game to more abundance and attract @ greater number of potential hunters into the field. ‘Sportsmen realize the day is gone when they could spend freely for equipment, board and other essentials in harvesting game, while contributing only a measly dollar or two toward the maintenance of the crop, and “ usually nothing to owners of the land on which they hunted. Now they are ready to compensate farmers who care for game, of course demanding better hunt- ing when doing so,” Mr. Gordon said. If the idea could legally be applied in North Dakota} to those species of game birds which thrive here, the! Flickertail farmer might manage to eke out his income a bit and, at the same time, give pleasure to his fellow-; men who are interested in hunting. Tt might be a good subject for the state game and/ fish department ang the legislature to investigate | | More Radio Power | Recommendation thet radio regulations be modified to} permit all broadcasting stations operating on cleared} channels to use the maximum power of 50,000 watts has| beon made to the federal radio commission by Ellis A.| Yost, its chief examiner. Incidentally, the report recom- mends that the 2) pending applications for the new power rating be granted. Contending thet it is a “waste of potential broad- casting resources to limit cleared channel stations to less than 50,000 watts,” Yost asserts that the American peo- Ple are “entitled to receive the gregtly improved and additional broadcasting tion which would inevitably result from granting all cleared-chapnel station ap- Plicants authority to uge 50,000 watts.” From the standpoint of the radio listener, of course, Mr. Yost’s proposal is a good one, and the listener is, after all, the man to be considered. Under the new ar- rangement half s score or more of stations will come booming in on his radio just as easily as though they were located in his home city. Where his choice’ may be limited now, to a certain extent, it will be practically « | requests for aid from the 1931 legislature for certain down anyone who so much as tries to get an unauthor-| ized peek at it. i All of this is surprising. We like to think that our oil | kings and motor magnates are the earth’s richest men. But, after all, it is entirely fitting that the title should go to a prince of India. From the dawn of historyy India has been the fabulous land of unbelievable wealth. i Alexander discovered it, and his rough Macedonian | infantry men, clanking through rich Indian cities with their long spears slanting over their shoulders, blinked at the astounding richness of the palaces they had seized, and doubtless told tall tales about them to their chil- dren when they got home. The Mediterranean people knew it throughout the middle ages, starved Europe dreamed incessantly of the storied cities of gold and dia- monds beyond Arabia. The Arabs broke through to loot; after them came the English, gaping in disbelief at'the wealth that lay ready for their grasp, seizing enough to make themselves uncomfortably rich yet as- suring the people at home that there was so much ther2 that they were amazed at their own moderation. Naturally, the prince of India has figured in litera- ture. Lew Wallace took him up and cast the Wandering Jew in the role of Indian nabob, piling up his riches for uncounted generations. Kipling took up the theme; and drew an unforgettable picture of the buried treasure house beneath the abandoned city, with the white cobra sleeping among the forgotten chests of gems and sacks. of gold dust, ready to deal out the vengeance of a dead rajah on any intruder. Economists have worried about} ° | AT THE MOVIES | =o CAPITOL THEATRE The idealism and romantic flavor which sky-rocketed Harold Bal Wright’s novel, “Eyes of the World,” vm sa ha Cobian ts circulation of 1350, copies, is faithfully repro- duced by Henry King in his direc- tion of the all-dialogue picture of that title which comes to the Capitol bere for three days starting Wed- lay. Every little detail, from the settit of the production to the character- ization of its principal actors and actresses, was filmed with strict re- gard for Wright's original conception. More than 90 per cent of the pic- ture was filmed in the Santa Ynez Canyon, a pretty spot in the national forest 30 miles from Santa Barbara, where “mountains and valleys meet in a slow march to the sea.” “Eyes of the World” is a fomance of the great outdoors, Against this vivid background of rugged moun- it, fearing that all of the precious metal in the world will eventually drain off into India and vanish, locked securely in the strong boxes of a thousand turbaned| princes. A The Nizam of Hyderabad, then, has a right to his title.) headed by Una Merkel, John Hol- thing is There were’ billionaires before Ford and Rockefeller. And what is more fitting than a billlonaire who lives up to his position, and keeps all of his wealth handy in: hard cash? : Seven of the largest concert bureaus in America have been absorbed by one of the major broadcasting sys- tems. The idea is to enlist the best talent for the radio cireuit and possibly it means a new race between the major systems. Most of us will hope so. Editorial Comment Editorials printed below show the trend of thought vy other editors. They are published without regard to whether they agree or dixagree with The Trib- une’s policies, The Need of a State Police Force (Duluth Herald) The Minnesota commission on criminal apprehension yesterday recommended ‘that. the legislature create a state police force of hot less than fifty trained men. That is the only answef to banditry, which is made relatively safe by the weakness of the police power in small,communities and by the fact that when bandits are equipped with machine guns and fast automobiles they can be handled only by a police force as well organized and as well equipped. Thus far the chief obstacle to the creation of this force, aside from a mistaken idea of economy, has been the fear of organized labor that @ state police force would That fear is effectively met by the commission with the proposal that the use of state police for such organized, well armed. They attack where the poi force is small. They rob and run with no organized force to oppose or pursue them. Their challenge never can be mgt except by a state police force that is also fleet well organized and well armed. Minnesota will cease to be a favorite stamping ground of bandits when the legislature presents the correct answer to their challenge by creating a state police force. University Projects (St. Paul Dispatch) the traditionai “cloistered halls of learning.” Instead they are intimately associated with the life and work about them. In the middle west especially there has been a steady pressure of democracy upon its univer- sities to adapt them to the requirements of the people. In fact the state university feels a special obligation to the commonwealth in which it is situated. By all known methods it disseminates information discovered all over the world to the citizens of the state. wealth ts clearly evident in the University of Minnesota’s special projects. ‘These’ include field work on the iron ranges, Jocal river and power hydraulic studies, and funds for social hygiene. Besides these special projects the university asks increased appropriations for work now being conducted in agricultural extension, soil survey and the livestock diagnosis laboratory. All these en- deavors are typical in that they reflect the peculiar intimacy existing between the agricultural, industrial and social sides of a midwestern state and its university. In their development it has become an accepted func- tion of state universitics to make information available on subjects that concern the upbuilding of the common- wealth. Whether the problems relate to farming or household economy, tuberculosis in cows or human be- ings. river hydraulics or mining engineering, whatever it might be about which the people of the state need expert information it has become the university's job to meet that demand. Is this important function of the university being imperilled by swelling enrollments and mounting finan- cial needs? In that case it would seem in the best inter- ests of both the institution and the state to face very sbon the question whether the university shall continue its present policy of allowing every high school graduate to matriculate, or to stem this rising tide by adopting Serious restrictions on the number of students. The failure to meet this situation only seems to ag- gravate the difficulty and postpone the inevitable. In the development of midwestern state universities it is a unique, and undesirable, characteristic {hat will some day have to be remedied. The modern state universities are far from being, The recognition of this historic duty to the common-} tains and rushing streams, a moun- tain girl and a dreaming artist work out their salvation of love despite the intrigues of @ love-starved wom- an who wants the artist for herself. remarkable speaking cast is jand, Nance O'Neil, Brandon Hurst, Hugh ‘Huntley, Fern Andra, Frederic Burt, William Jeffrey and Donald Novis. 4 PARAMOUNT THEATRE When big business methods were adopted by gangsters and racketeers of the underworld, gang crime sud- denly became one of America’s great- est problems. “The Doorway to Hell,” the Warner Bros. and Vitaphone melodrama of rackets and racketeers at the Para- mount theatre, where it opened a two- day run this afternoon. Open warfare, machine gun battles and the aystems of the vi- cious rackets with killer-leaders at their head—all are portrayed in this dynamic 2 Lewis Ayres heads the cast of “The Doorway to Hell,” as the baby-faced gangster-killer. You will remember Ayres as the star of “All Quiet on the Western Front.” Dorothy Mathews plays the girl. Charles Judels, Leon Janney, Robert Elliott, James Cagney, Kenneth Thomas, Jerry Mandy and Noel Madison complete the cast. Archie Mayo directed. Rowland Brown wrote the original story, and George Rosener the dialogue. Ls j Baldwin i e ae By FLORENCE BORNER A number of local children went to Bismarck Monday to see Old Santa IWIPEO MY FEET ON Tri RUG —~ GOse, Airr THAT ANOLGH | OUT OUR WAY and his reindeer and the Eskimo family. The school was closed Mon- day while the teacher and pupils visited in Bismarck. Mr. and Mrs. William Gilbertson ; announce the birth of a daughter, Donna Fay, born at the family home in Baldwin Saturday afternoon. Mrs, Gilbertson and baby are recuperating nicely. Mrs. Nick Eckness of Hurds- field, sister of Mrs. Gilbertson is car- ing for the mother and baby. A deal was closed recently whereby County Commissioner William Fricke became the owner of the residence formerly owned by Pat Freeman. Mr. and Mrs. Fricke took possession of their new home the fore part of the week. Herbert Fricke has rented the farm of his father for the coming season. Dr. R. C. Thompson of Wilton was @ professional caller in town Satur- day afternoon. Mrs. Harry Bjelland has returned from a week's visit at the home of her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Fred Nel- son in Bismarck. Richard Borner and sons ron and Noel motored to the Capital City on business Saturday afternoon. at Aa pean Sahil the ricultural ‘college, is home for the holiday season. The local ert haan give a an mas program commun! Tuesday evening of this week. There will be a Christmas tree, and a very A Wobbly Humpty-Dumpty! | Today Is the ‘ Anniversary of E. A. ROBINSON'S BIRTH On Dec. 22, 1868, Edward Arlington Robinson, one of the most famous of contemporary American poets. was born at Head Tide, Me. After two years at Harvard, Robin- w struggled with poverty and for a time worked in a subway. He leaped into prominence in 1897 when a poem, “The Children of the Night,” attract- velt. Since then his fame has grown rapidly. Robinson's work, as one critic wrote, is “intellectual, sincere in feeling, dis- tinetively American in tone and point of view, and free from all that is trivial and meaningless.” Amy Low- ell called Robinson the most remark- able of living American poets. A member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters, Robinson's out- standing works to date include: “The Man Against the Sky,” “Merlin,” “Lancelot,” “The Children of the Night,” and “Tristram.” iteresti entertainment. Every- fee and @ cordial invitation is extended the public to attend. Mrs. Ira Falkenstein will be hostess to the Crofte Star Homemakers club ‘Wednesdi ternoon. Jan. 14, ne Hogue was an overn caller in Bismarck Monday, retur e esday. Rev. Fred Christ of Wilton will hold services in the Presbyterian church here the first Sunday in Jan- uary and once a month thereafter. Fred Wood and Edmund . Rupp made several trips to the river after wood the past week. Mrs. Minnie Engleman has re- turned home from a few days visit with friends and relatives in the Glenview district. Miss Grace Falkenstein, who is school in Morton county will spend the holiday season here with her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Ira Falk- enstein. / Miss Frances Rup} th__school student of Bismarck (4 atts dur the vacation recess, joe Poole, who is taking the elec- seein ciatar se.Seeat Sasa pel expect efor the 'y vacation. Paul an overnight Borner was guest at the hc. ae of Carl and Adam Herdebu Friday. days ago. The dance which was he'd in town Saturday night was well attended, a number from the Wiltcz and Still communities also bel present. Music was furnished by John Brown’s orchestra of Bismarck. Some statesmen suggest reducing the representation of those districts having many non-voting aliens. But what makes them think the aiiens don't vote? WOLD AS MUCH A® You CAN. WIPE THEM AGAI ON THE BROOM, [Bars] A man in Indiana has invented an illuminated key hole. A. timely de- vice, perhaps. for lajescamerg cele- brating New Year's. ses & Then there's the fellow, who, asked jhow he had finished his Christmas shoppjng so early, replied, “Oh, it’s a gift!” zee Mary Garden says the old operas are doomed. But, as Shakespeare would say, the divas can be ex; to pursue the even tenor of their ways. ze & Things are not so bullish for the Spanish government either, it seems. en 8 Speaking of class wars, somet should be done about the feeling be- tween the’ freshmen and sophomores. 22 * | “Well, I should smile,” said the gin, as she posed for the dentifrice ad. o———_— ——_—____—_———_-+ | Quotations J —— Music engaged in portraying the horrors of war would be horrible mu- sic.—Ignace ** & College students often are aimless because the colleges are aimless.—Dr. William M. Lewis, president of Laf- ayette University. ee * The best hope and the greatest se- curity of all people—rich and poor— a By Williams son went to New York. Here he| boa: ed the attention of Theodore Roose-| ing. thing | Search for clues leadi Pa eae ats an JET WILL BE ANSWERED S500 CARE OF THIS PAPER MOORESSEO ENVEL FOR kal bea © 1926 MSCOY MEALTH SERVICE -LOS LES TRAINING TOTS WITH TOYS Christmas time is the season for children’s toys. A shopper in a toy department often sees so many things that he doesn’t know what is best to buy for a child. The best toys are those which | promise hours of delighted play. The finest rule for buying toys is to re- member that children play best with toys which give them something to put together. The least satisfactory toys are those which are mechanical and which go by themselves while the child sits quietly by and watches. It is not the best plan to buy toys which come apart easily and are quickly broken. In choosing toys one should see that they are strong and well made, or will give the child something to build, make or do, or will develop the child’s muscles. Every child is born with a strong curiosity which impels it to try to find out how the “wheels go around.” Thus, a child may take a toy apart solely from curiosity and this is a perfectly normal, natural motive and one which need not alarm the mother. The way to take advantage of this trait is to give the child toys with which he can build houses, garages and other things. Then when he tires of them he can tear them apart and make mere new. Mothers usually learn after a few years that the elaborate and expen- sive toys are thrown aside. Son does not enjoy an electric train if it such an expensive set that only father may be trusted to adjust the switches on it. The toys which chil- dren love the most are often made from odds and ends. If left alone a child will choose those things which can be used tovmake something and will cherish old string, empty pack- ages, cans, rocks, tinfoil, spools, rusty padlocks, nails, old boxes and rds which may be used to play “house,” and bits of clothes to dress up in, Therefore, in buying for him choose objects like these which can be used for building, and manipulat- Good toys to buy are: Crayons and paints with paper, scissors, sandpiles, swings, modeling clay, hammers, saws, balls, ropes, trains, dolls and toy furniture. best, for your children are those which wash. Paint on them should be washable and not easily sucked off. Toys should not have small parts which the child may pull off and swallow. Metal toys with sharp edges are not wise for small children. Some of the modern toys made of wooden beads and colored brightly are good. Toddlers like something to cuddle, such as a wash- able doll or a soft animal. Blocks and rubber balls and Kiddie Kars are always good. Older children are fortunate if they get toys which take them out- doors and develop their strength, such as: Tricycles, skates, bikes, Dr. McCoy will gladly answer personal questions on health and care of diet addressed to him, The Tribune. Enclose a stamped addressed envelope for reply. scooters, wagons, and the pedal au- tomobiles. Rings which may be hung up, and acting bars are also splendid for encouraging activity. Children’s toys teach them to co- ordinate the muscles and train fin- gers and the power of observation. A child who has had plenty of the right kind of play wilNalways seem more alert and will handle his fin- gers and his tools far better than one who has not had this training. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Bad Habits Question: Mrs. E. H. G. writes: “I am very nervous, have indigestion, low vitality and am extremely under- weight for my height and age. What can I do to overcome this unhappy condition? I do office work.” Answer: Your condition is caused mainly by your habits of life, such as sedentary occupation and insufficient Physical culture exercises. Try @ fruit fast for from 12 to 14 days, fol- lowing with a starchless diet, using vegetables rich in mineral elements, also use regular exercises every day. I will be glad to send you my Cleans- ing Diet Course if you will write again, enclosing a large self-ad- dressed stamped envelope. Arterial Tension. Question: L. V. asks: “What is arterial tension, and how do we know when we have it?” Answer: The amount of arterial tension which you have is determined by an examination with a blood Pressure meter which every doctor. uses in his office. Such arterial ten- sion may come from hardening of the arteries or from nervousness which causes the arteries to become con- tracted most of the time, Popcorn Question: Mrs. W. M. asks: “What do you think of popcorn as a food, and with what other foods should it be eaten?” Answer: Popcorn is a form of starch which is easily digested when it 's cooked in the usual way, that is, by heating the popcorn until it pops open, splitting the kernel and ex- ploding the starch cells. It should be used as the principal starch part of @ meal, and may be seasoned wit » Use it with the non-starches, but not with protein. lie in the preservation of the essential principles. of our judicial establish- ments, and the continued perform- ance by them of the true judicial functions.—George W. Wickerskam. * ek OK Divorce would not be so frequent if Unable to Get Clues On Postoffice Robbery Devils Lake, N. D., Dec. 22—(P) to solution of the postoffice robbery Friday morning at Penn, 18 miles west’ of here, has proved unavailing to Ram- say county officials. Yeggs broke down the front door, blew the safe and escaped with approximately $200 in stamps and money. Pioneer Farmer of Dilworth Succumbs Dilworth, Minn., Dec. 22—(P)— Peter Lamb, the last of six brothers who left: their home in dare the. of a frontier.country, died at the home of his son, Owen ), here early Saturday. Lamb, had been a farmer in Clay county for. about 50 years, had been ill for a long period prior to his death. Left are four sons, Owen, Dilworth; Patrick and. M. J. Minneapolis, and Charles, Oakland, Calif. ‘ U. S.. Minister to Netherlands Dies Netherlands, died at 6 o'clock Friday last Thursday. ‘The practice of paroling on good behavior has been abolished by the Nationalist Government of [~"‘Stickler Solution j Hogs Eat Wheatin . Cafeteria Style at Profits to Growers Beatrice, Neb., Dec. 22—(P)—A drove of. “eafeteria fed” hogs raised near here offers proof that wheat may be turned into pork at @ profit. On a Beatrice farm, operated by C. J. Claasen, head of an Omaha com- pany, 700 Hampshire hogs were fed a wheat ration which resulted in weight gains estimated to have made the wheat ‘worth $1.15 a bushel as com- pared with an average Nebraska farm Price of 63 to 67 cents. ‘When the hogs were sold, the pur- chaser paid 2 cents above the Kans: City market price. ‘ . In feeding the hogs “cafeteria style,” the largest of the self-feedert Scattered over the lots contained cracked wheat; a smaller one coarsely contained cracked barley and a still smaller one contained shelled corn. | | | The end of the latter was parti- tioned for a protein tankage. As a result of the feeding method, Claasen says, the hogs ate principally wheat and only @ very small proportion of to|barley, corn and tankage. who| Lower Domestic Than Foreign Wool Sought Boston, Dec, 22.—(?)—The National ‘Wool Marketing corporation Saturday announced a new selling policy which it said would make domestic coopera- tive wool a better value than foreign wool to the American consumer. Policy of the corporation, which was formed under the federal farm act, has been not to sell domes- | tic wool under the parity of foreign wools. It markets cooperatively for peg Cooperatives in the western Green gold consists of gold, sil- ver and tadimium, and sometimes Copper is also added. The degree of the green color depends upon the Percentage of the metals used with the gold. dd