The Bismarck Tribune Newspaper, November 12, 1921, Page 2

PAGE TWO. =" EPRESENTATIVES OF FIVE ~ GREAT WORLD POWERSINU.S. Delegates From Oother Nations To Take Part in Discussion Also Present LIMITATION OF ARMAMEN Says Hughes, Who Corrects:Im- pression That Complete Dis- armament Was U. S. Object (BY THE ASSOCIATED PRESS) Washington, Nov. 12—Fraught with untold yossibilities, the armament conference assembled today. igthered about the table were the chosen representatives of the five great world powers — the United States. Great Britain, Italy, France and Japan. Seated .with them were represen- tatives of the nations, which will par- ticipate in the discussions of the Far Eastern and Pacific questions—China, Belgium, Netherlands and Portugal. In, the ,backgnound were the many technical advisors who accompanied each, group—sevéral hundred in, all— representing thé army and the navy as well as the fiscal and economical aspects, oy ee oy “ Rariks With Versailles’ In: world importance, the gathering ranks with the Peace Conference of Versailles, the conference for dis- armament atthe Hague, and. going farther back the Congress if Vienna which thought it was working to pre- serve the peace of Europe. The work of the Washington Con- ference naturally divides into.. two principal phases: the limitation of ar nts and the settlement of smite East and the. Pa- h statesmen fear may have in them the makings of war. Which will be considered first, the confer- ence alone,can determine, but there seems to be little disagreement over a statement that the two questions are indissolubly linked, and that nei- ther can. be-disposed of without rela- tion to the other. P In the viewpoint, of the American government, an agreement. on the (Pacific and Far Eastern questions will point the way to a solution. of the armament question because. with probable causes for war out of the way the need of heavy armaments will ‘disappear, Japan’s View Japan, however, leans to the feeling that the armament question should be first disposed of, and that some of the subjects contained in the program. of discussion of Far Eastern and. Pacific affairs should not come before the conference but rather should be dis- posed. of in negotiations between Ja- pan. and the countries concerned. No one can forecast how that part of the program will be worked out. And up- on how itis worked out ‘depends much of what will come of the conference. The American. viewpoint, as it had been expressed by those with author- ity to speak for the govornment, .is that the United States enters the con- ference asking absolutely nothing for itself and, seeking only to relieve a tax-burdened world, now making a great economic waste in fear of war. The American government, it should be said, denies no nation its “place in the sun,” or its opportunity for ex- pansion; neither does it have any. no- tion of asking any nation to dispense with the means by which it, assures its reasonable safety... It:seeks only, it may be said by the sanfe authority, to remove troubles, which although now little might in the<futnre grow great, and by doing that make heavy preparations for war unnpcessary. (Having done that, if it canbe accomplished, America hopes to point the way to a reduction of armaments which will be fair and just to all. «,. Strong Public Opinion Fie the call for the conference wali lissued, it was followed by a wave of ‘public feeling that. complete dis- armament was the object of the Unit- ed States. This, however, quickly ‘was, corrected, and it was Secretaty ‘Hughes who pointed out that the pro- per* designation of the affair was “a conference ‘on the limitation of arma- meats,” with. emphasis. being placed on the word limitation. Almost im- mediately. afterward there were evi- den¢es of a. considerable pressure of public thqught in direction of .com- plefe, disarmament on the ground that if the United States were to point the way the remainder, of the world would be forced by its public opinion to fol- Jows and swords would be beaten into plotgh shares. Tho United, States, it may be said on the highest authority, hay no thought of proposing a com- plefé disarmament althoygh there are: indications that it will lead off with proposals for reduction which may. be startling. £1 Official Formalities The first few days of the sessions are; bound to be taken up with of- ficfal. formalities and. organization MAMENT CONF ERENCE other with the delegates of all na- tions seate] beiween, ‘Besides two hundred seats reserved for newspa- per correspondents, the few ° seats which remaine] after setting apart a space for the delegates were given to high government officials, members of diplomatic corps ; and , distinguished ; visitors. According t> program, the! prospects were that the first session | would be briet. When the conference has’ disposed of its first business of organization such as tho formal election of Secre- tary Hughes as chairman, and the selection of another, American. as. secretary general, it will ‘be faced with deciding, to what. extent its de liberations will be open to the world through the. newspapers. There is a great pressure of public opinion for open sessions; there is also a great deal of conviction among those re- sponsible for the conference that some of its deliberations . necessarily must be confidential. It: was former Pre. miegr Clemenceau who remarked to Former President Wilson: “You can't make peace on a street corner.” Publicity a Trying Issue American officials recognize the public demand for information of the workings of the conference, and they have said they will try, to satisfy it in every way. They say at the same time that some of the conference pro- ceedings necessarily must be oonfi- dential. One of. them who is in po- sition to speak with authority put it | this way; 4 “If all these deliberations are pub- lic there is the possibility. that. some- \ body, will, not, get up. and say what he | ought to say because he wouldn't want to say it in public. There is also the possibility that somebody will get up and say something he ought not to say, because he yields to the temp- tation to say, it for public. consump- tion. If the delegates find that they cannot get up in the conference and say what they want to say, we soon shall find them having back. stairs conferences with A meeting B secretly and “fixing it up.” They will have C and ‘D very much put out because they were not consulted, and in the end the whole thing will be done secret- Ly.” The, American delegates are work- ing to find a way that will prevent such a situation. The probability is that a large number of the meetings will be in the open—perhaps a greater number than the public expects, There will also necessarily be com: mittee meetings in private, and of course executive mectings of the whole conference, but the results of those meetings will come ,out later in the open sessions, yA The official program’ as pnoposed by the American government lists first. the. question of armaments, and second the Far, Eastern and Pacific questions. It may be that the Far Eastern questions actually will ‘be discussed first in the conference, pos- sibly, by some means as this. Experts to Report The..question . of , armaments. will finally be. settled by the conference only after. receiving the reports of experts., These will come only after long work and.discussion. But to get the subject, into the hands of experts it first, is necessary. to. bring it be- fore the conference, It. might be bnought up.and referred to commit- tees and appropriate sections, and then while they are at work the con- ference, might go, on with, the dis: cussion of, the. Far Bastern and Pa- cific problems. This is only one of the suggested: ways in which it might be done, The conference, of course, will make the decision. ., In discussing the Far Eastern and Pacific problems, the conference will have, a straight-away statesmen’s subject. The experts who have. to wrestle with the question of arma- ment will have a knotty problem dif- ficult to approach. Their search is for a yard-stick,,as it were—a eorm- mon denominator which can be ap- plied to all the nations, for the whole question of armament reduction is said by the experts .to be entirely a question of relativity. Thete ia doubt they say that it will be put on a “flat, rate” because of the well recos- nized. and peculiar situation of tho various nations. It couldn’t-be con- sidered from the viewpoint of finan- cial. expenditure, . they: say, because of the various values of money in world exchange andthe: variations in labor costs and standards. It couldn’t be considered in number of guns, the ex- perts say, because science might make a small gun more destructive and efficient than a large one. Nel: ther could: it be considered in, num- ber of war-ships alone,.the naval men say, because. the. merchant marine whieh: always is, an auxiliary. to. any navy would haye to be taken into con- sideration. Ifthe taxable resources of a nation were to be considered, the economic experts say..jt would be found that the cost of a dreadnaught weighs two and a half times as heav- ily on Great Britain as it does on the as heavy on Japan. work, - including the appointment of committees and: the divisions of the conference into sections and sub-sec- tiogs. which will work on the various questions and report to the full con- ferpnce for action. The late arrival of dloyd George, the British premier, may cause some things to be delayed, although,work of a preparatory nature upon them can proceed in. his ab- sence; and the short stay of Premier (Briand of France. may cause ‘some littie delay in the necessity of his coljeagues consulting him by cable and wireless. The Christmas _holi- dayg, however, promise to see the conference in the midst of its work. ‘How. long it will continue in. session ‘canuot be forecast. The delegates may. experience a Washington sum- mer, a ; Ceremonial Nature Today’s, opening proceedings were entirely of a ceremonial .naature. In Continental ‘Hali, kone of the Society of ‘the Daughters _of.,,the American Revolution, the .delegates assembled about the great green baize table which make3 a square U, and heard President Harding studing to one side make his address ¢' welcome, while Secretury Hughes who according to custom and precedent»wwill-be chai Theu;,there is another form of ar. ament little. thought of some times but highly potential, the experts say, to be considered. It is the mater resources. of a nation which a he turned to the account. of war in the quick and decisive fashion that the (United States organized for victor: over Germany. A cash register fae- tory, for instance, became the grezt- est small-arms plant the world ever had seen, dyestuffs plants becane producers of high explosives ver night, steel mills turned to the quick productions of engines of war, wool and cotton mills turned from. their)|) peaceful courses to clothe armias, even the farmers’ barnyards tirned to the business of sustaining. troovs in the field. ‘Arranging these facts before them. the American viewpoint as it has been expressed from time to time is that the prospect, for limitation of armament lies,.rather in a desire for peace expresged in deeds which will Temoye the, causes .for war. That fone, their view is a limitation of armaments becomes..a simplier prob- lem. Nine varieties of peanuts are pro- fn America; the peanut poli United States-and roughly. nine. time: |} ' a ¥ ‘ THE BISMARCK TRIBUNE Navies Today d ED STATES 64 aire 7 1289463TONS Cost of Wars In Lives WORLD WAR 9,980,000 CIVIL WAR 709,000 - If FRANCO™ PRUSSIAN WAR 184,000 SUBJECTS FOR DISCUSSION AT CONFERENCE “Limitation of | Armaments”’ Precedes Pacific and Far Eastern Questions” MUST BE DESIRE FOR PEACE Washington, Nov. 12.—While the armament ‘conference will decide upon its program of subjects to be considered, here follows the official agenda, which previously has been suggested by the United States, and which will be offered as a working program on behalf of America, at the opening sessions: “Limitation of Armament One. Limitation. of Navel Armam- ent, under which shall be discussed. (a) Basis of limitation. (b) Extent. (c) Fulfillment. Two. Rules for agencies of warfare, Three. limitation of land armament. Pacific and Far Eastern Questions One. Questions relating to China. First. Principles to be applied. Second. Application. control of new Subjec (a) Territorial integrity. (b) Administrative integrity. (c) Open door—equality of com- , mercial industrial opportun- i sity (d) Concessions, monopolises or or preperential economic Privilieges. (e) Development of railways, in cluding “plans relating to Chines Eastern Railway. (f) Preferential railroad rates. (g), Status of existing commit- ments. Two. Siberia. Three. Mandated Islands. (Unless questions earlier settled.) Electrical Communications in the Pacific. “Under the heading of ‘Status of Commitments.’ it is expected that op- portunity will be afforded to consider; and to reach an understanding with respect to unsettled questions in- volving the nature and scone of com- ments under which claims oF ‘ights may hereafter be asserted.” The fact that the subject ‘“Limita- tion of Armaments” precedes the sub- ject “Pacific and Far Eastern Ques- tion” does not necessarily indicate order, The conference itself will HOW NAVIES OF that the two will be taken up in that! determine the order in which-the dis- Shins Building T BRITAIN 215,380! “UNITED ‘STATES 6OSHIPS — 734,028TONS \ LISTED MEN ° OFFICERS yIOO . 10,158 ais df MEN > OFFICERS) 106,000 ., 8727 cussions are to‘be pursued, and there may even be additions to the pro- gram as the conference gets under way. President Harding, in his invitation to the foreign governments, however, gave the impression,in the opinion of many obseyvers,\that Pacific and far: eastern questions must De dis- posed of first, when he said: “It is quite clear that there can be no final assurance of the peace of the. world in the absence of the desire for peace, ani'the ‘Prospect for re- duced armaments, ts nota hope- ful one unlegs-this desire finds ex- pression in practical effort to remove causes of mistMiderstanding and to seek ground for agreement as to ‘principles ‘and their- application.” It is quite possible, however, that although the Pacific and Far Eastern Questions, may be the first to be disposed of, that the actual question ot limitation of’ armaments may actually first come before the con- ference, and in this way. ‘ Any ‘détermination on limitations of armament necessarily will come after long preliminary work by com- mittees of experts and others who will’ probably submit recommendations and extensive data to the whole con- ference. This will ‘require probably weeks of study and discussion. In order to start the process, and get it under. way, the conference . might necessarily bring the subject official- ly before it and then refer it to com- mittes foi work, and’ then mean- while go on withthe discussion of the Far astern and Pacific questions. PEOPLE OF WORLD WANT WAR OUTLAWED, HARDING DECLARES (Continued trom Page 1) blame, then let us banish it, and let understanding rule and make good Will pregnant everywhere, ‘All demand liberty and justice. There cannot be one without the other, and they must be held the unquestioned possession of all peoples. Inkerent rights are of God, and the tragedies of the world originaté in their attempted ‘denial. The world today -is infringing their enjoyment by arming to defend or, to ~be.done ‘in’ intrigue. Greater, as-! BIG POWERS COMPARE _| lifted. Navies—1924 i i |comes leaders among nations, simple honestly and directness, among men resolved to accomplish as be- when has come to its clvilization {itself | crucial test, Tt is nots to be challenged that | government fails when the excess of | its cost robs the pevple of the way to happiness and the opportunity to ach’eve. If the finer sentiments were not urging, the cold, hard facts of excessive cost and the eloquence of economics would urge us to reduce our armaments. {f the concept of a \ i | | i | ‘anitalShios GREAT BRITAIN i deny, when simple sanity calls for} their recognition through common un-| derstandng. ~ ‘Struggle Under Loud Out of the cataclysm of the world came new fellowships, new Convic- tions. new aspirations. It ours to make the most of them. A world staggering with debt needs its burden Humanity which has _been|, shocked, by wanton destruction could minimize the dgencies of that destruc- tion. | Contemplating the measureless cost of war and the continuing burden of armament, all thoughttul peoples wish for rea) limitation of armament and would like war outlawed. In soberest reflection the world’s hund-| reds of millions who pay in peace and die in war wish their statesmen to turn the expenditures for destruction! into means of construction, aimed at: a higher state for those who live and follow’ after. \ It is not alone that the world can not readjust. itself and cast’ aside the| excess burdens without relief from/ the leaders of men.. War has‘ grown progressively cruel and more destruc- tive from the first record conflict to this pregnant day, and the reverse order would more become our boasted civilization. Gentlemen of the conference, the United States welcomes you with un- selfish hands. We harbor no fears; we have no sordid ends to serve; we suspect no enemy; we contemplate or apprehend no conquest. Content with what we have, we seek nothing which ‘is another’s. We only wish to do with you that finer, nobler thing which no nation can do alone. We wish to sit with you at the table of international understanding and/ good will... In good. conscience we are’ eager te meet you frankly, and invite and offer co- operation. The world demands a sober contemplation of the’ existing order and the realization that there can be no cure without sacrifice, not by one.of us, but by, all of us, T do not mean surrendered rights, or narrowed freedom, or denied aspirations, or ignored national neces- sities. Our Republic would no more ask for these than it would give, No} pride need be humbled. no nationality submerged, but I would have a met-| gence of minds committing all of .us/! to less preparation for war and more enjoyment of fortunate peace. Has High Hopes The higher Wopes come of the} spirit of our coming together. It is but just to recognize.a varying needs and peculiar positions. Nothing can} be accomplished ‘in disregard of na-, tional apprehensions. Rather, we should act together to remove the causes of apprehensions. This is not Phone 989 ee 2 RRR Vn ep “Tell Your Typewriter Troubles to Mac’? 207 Fifth ‘Street WALTER W. MCMAHON Announces that after December 1, 1921, he will, after sixteen years of: practical type- writer experience, conduct :a GENERAL’ TYPEWRITER BUSINESS at the : above address in Bismarck, N. D., under-a dealership contract for the exclusive distribution of the famous L.C.SMITH & BROTHERS Ball Bearing Typew riters Long Weaving Expert: Repair Work on All Machines Typewriters Sold, Rented, Bought, Exchanged, Repaind man of the conference, stood at the tician making it ten. better order does not appeal, then let PRESIDENT HARDING, GAL TWO us ponder the burden and the blight of continued competition. _ It is not to be denied that the world has swung along throughout the ages Without heeding this call from the kindlier hearts of men. But the same world never before was as Aragically | # realization of the utter brought to futility of passion’s sway when rea- son and conscience and fellowship yoint a nobler way, T can “speak officially only for our United States. One hundred millions frankly want, less of armament and Yone of war. Wholly free trom guile, Sure in our own minds that we harbor No unworthy designs, we accredit the world with the same good intent. So I'welcome you, not alone in good will and high purpose, but with. high faith. si ; We are met for a service to man- kind. In all simplicity, in all honesty and all honor, there may be written hore the ayowals of a world’ consci- ence refined by the consuming fires of war, and. tnade more sensitive by the anxious’ aftermath. I hope for that understanding which will emphasize the guarantees of peace, and for com- mitments to less burdens and a better order which will tranquilize the world. In such an accomplishment there will be added glory to your fiags and ours, and the rejoicing of mankind will make the transcending music of jall succeeding time. JAP DELEGATION WANTS “RIGHT ~ OF EXISTENCE” Pacific Ocean and Far Eastern Questions To Be Handled With Kid Gloves y CHINA —JAPAN’S PROBLEM Japanese Situation in Confusion Over Assassination of Premier Hara Washington, Noy. 12.—Although the Japanese delegation comes to the Arms Conference with its interest centered primarily in an internation- al agreement to. limit naval construc- tion, it also has a very special inter- est in all problems affecting the Pacific Ocean and Far East. Japan has always held to the theory, according to the prevailing opinion in the Far East, that her geographical position in that part of the world, that the fact that she is the leading Oriental power and that her growing necessity of meeting the requirements of a population in- creasing at the rate of seven hund- red thousand yearly all entitle her to a privileged position in the Far East. It would perhaps be more exact to say that she feels she is entitled to a predominating position more especi- ally with reference to China. China remains for Japan as her great problem. The Japanese them- sélves have been divided to the point of internal controversy as how best to direct their policy towards their Chinese neighbors. ~ Responsible Japanese statesmen, who have talked freely to newspaper correspondents, say the Japanese financial situation will not permit her to continue in a limitless program of naval building. The economic situa- tion of the empire is not satisfactory to its business and financial leaders. The popular voice of Japan is being heard louder and louder jn favor of diverting the immense wealth that is being expended in warships to the more productive channels of education and home improvements. Never has the era of trasitioon of J2pan been as acute as it is today, when the younger generation, imbued with “foreign ideas” is demanding the development of the state along the lines of demo- cracy. The desire for internal pro- gress and more political rights is more and more prevailing among ————— CHEVROLET Parts and Service CORWIN MOTOR CO. Direction Vatiea Aesop Fable .......... -SAPURDAY, NOVEMBER 12 2 ames, weet een }surance ig found in the exchanges of LTING THEATRE TONIGHT JAMES KIRKWOOD in “A WISE FOOL” Japan. Modern Japansis demanding that the civil eemens in the empire shuil have more say im. the gwuing ol national poucy and that the mill- luristy shaa be lorced to abandon ther program io trymmg to wirecuy meiyenge, if not inomupoiize, te boic.es of une country, | . dt 18 believed that tue Japanese dele- gaticn has come to wasningion with a Mil reaiizat.on of the home sitta~ uon anu look forward to Wuen tey must returg co VOKio and Yenuer aa account Oi What tuey nave uccomp- sned. vapan ‘has developed’ into an ‘in- dusuial country from an agricuitural ole and after the hoped tor ugree- }ment on armament Curtaiinjent, it ‘1s {constuerea fikery that she Wwul ask w0v Lue auuptiva of sume principle by me f Wack Welia Te- . entaleu lo an . maaletlas LO LCG NEL Gig vice) thunslPice, NOL Bivwal Gabaga LCE Ly Uacanil hee OW peune aud Suc 4 to purviuse Ute eSoculi Other LOuutries, Se Wud une assuralive, Ji is Saju, Utde tue 3. of ner 100d supply Wats auc ne Cue otf, She needs cotton ror ner sp.n- ning gills and will have an anterest to see tat the regular suppiy of Cot- ton is maintained She will, ic is be- iieved, ask tor the adoption of some principre voicing the Conference's conviction that yapan js enticied to equal opportunity, not only in the commerce of the rar Mast, but of the WhOle world. The vital question of emigration and the general vague question of Taciat~equality are possibilities trom the Japanese standpoint but the vut- look during the pre-conference days is that Japan may avoid them. Japan apparently recognizés the delicacy of the imigration;, question and, would prefer to have ‘this question settied directly between the states concetn- ed; in other words, between Japan and the United States with reference td the Pacific coast and between Japan and Great Britian with re- ference to Australia, New Zealand and Canada. Japan also has an in- terest in the opening up for foreign trade and residence of the , interior prowinger: of Chinia, believing that if this be formaily authgrize ABS « Chinese Republic it ena iy ie new and important fields to the pro- ducts of the Japanese factories which are not finding in these days of intense post-war competition the market which Japan expected. In a few words, Japan is expected to ask the Conference to assure what she calls her “right of. existence.” There are indications that Japan is somewhat anxious over the critical tone of foreign opinion concerning her military. activities in the Far East, more especally in Shantung and Siberia. The Japanese troops are still in Siberia. The conference at Dairen hetween the representatives of seep Aue sau erly On bad Vilyen Woes peu yea au be ual SOLE aay the Chita Government and _ the Japanese, at which Japan hoped to secure a definite commercial er- rangement with the Far Hastern R public, has not succeeded. It has been suggested that the Chita govern- ment has been delaying the negotia- tions because it prefers to have the Siberian problem settled at the Wash- ng conference... .The Chita’ people tried to make the evacuation of Siberia a condition of the commercial agreement but Japan insisted that the withdrawal of troops from Siberia must be made at a title to be settled by Japan alone. The assassination cf Premi ra threw the whole Japanese situation ‘nto confusion. Mr. Hara was the “strong man”, of Japan, whom the pleni poténtiaries would consult free- ly by cable as the Washington con- ference proceeded. The saying that ;no man is essential to the existence jof a state is true im Japan as ¢lse- where, but Premier Hara had become a dominant figure at a rather critical period in the history of his country. EAGLE Tailoring and Hat Works Cleaning, Pressing, Repairing, Dyeing. Hats Cleaned and Blocked. ‘Knife Pleated Skirts Cleaned:and: Pressed We.call for and deliver. 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