The Bismarck Tribune Newspaper, September 17, 1920, Page 14

yar PAGE FOURTEEN rte Peru cee ech os eee BISMARCK DAILY TRIBUNE 7 ; oughly disintegrated and the larger stones washed out. The resulting, ; “slush” ig again dumped into the buckets, and carried some ten miles farther to the “pulsator,” where it is sifted through various size sieves un- ere tables. These are composed’ of moy- The diamond is supposedly of ing iron slabs, covered with a thick vegetuble origin, but the direct cause is grease, the formula for which ts of its formation is still doubtful. Soma a \Q\ Wg, known only to the DeBeers syndicate. authorities claim vegetable decompo- » as The tables themselves are continually sition, while others, sustained by the ; —E& ‘ ont Puen ee a tow of water witch tri , ~~ a D , stones, appearance of the matrix in which it S| “Gape Rubles” and other waste, while is found in South Africa, believe it is of volcanic origin. It is composed of ig pure, crystallized carbon, naturally tinted a steel or bluish white: Other colors are due to the probable pres- of best grade rough comes from the ence of metal oxides, but in such | Transvaal mines. small quantities as to defy chemical; Diamonds could at first be picked analysis. Diamonds occur in both! up on the veldt, but soon it was oe A crystal and amorphous forms. necess to excavate. These early | i this industry, their earnings run- Diamondiferous soil is always blue, | Mines, although grade and shallow Heat betwpen §(5. and/$100 a map.nan 0 2 or 2 . | Were wonderfully productive. In 1889 : SAN stones Reh. anes iitan or | Ceci Rhodes and Barney Barnato,| _ The wastage in cutting is approxi- Pretoria diamonds. ‘The, natural for-| Snecoeding in securing the, majority ion, : a, 3,7, Of the claims he y the Boers, or- ey alee Sen |ganized the ‘DeBeers Consolidated | t9 make a perfect polished gem of one 1 : ss sanmna | Mines, Ltd., which, still controls the|©#at. Moreover, about sixty, hon's into the earth to immense basins. world’s output: of rough, although the of constant labor is required to: cut a And in these pipes and basins the} blue clay is Pend thickly. inter. | Men who conceived it have long since | Stone of this weight. More reasung spersed with black mica. passed away, And today, it is impos-| for the high price of diamonds! , . ; Sible even to estimate the strength Diamond entting has undergone} Mining ! and financial resources of this organi- little change, in the last 300 years. The cackling of geese saved Rome| zation which controls. the. diamond Practically the same methods .,are on a certain memorable occasion, but | market. Used Ana as: ia bet Hime. THe fe it was left to a rooster to scratch up| , At’ the. present.,time the, Kimberley | 478° ON OXIreMel Rune en the richest diamond mines. the world; mines—the Kimberley, Wesselton, dul § e\.Joly ae fo. Bauges oF measurints has ever known. In 1867, the “famous| Toits Pan, Bultfontein and Beacons: instruments, other than a fine set. of rooster of Kimberley” was scratching | field—have reached, a depth of -ap- balances, are evet used. The cutter around in a tulip bed near, Hope-! ‘ ly 3 is. at liberty to follow his own ideas The Omar Gs Boer, Ldstened proximabglys 8400 fent.1. ater isthe —one will produce a gem ‘of perfect blue,.clay, which, resembles ‘2, hard, 2 to stop the damage, and was attract-| hlue rock, is,dug and hoisted:.from Proportions 4d rare pel ancy ae ed by a pebble which had, been: un-| the mine, it.is, loaded upon. an end:| rough, fi fh a disthond: of ing i earthed. This pebble, a 23-carat dia-| less, . dump-bucket ; cable .system, Inen a as out weighing 5 pe Lae mond, was the beginning of. the.fam-| which’ carries. its load. over: six.miles to abe eene Reavis r. eae 1B tee ous Kimberley mines of today. to. tie. “compound,” where. it’ dumps | grime Raab ‘até vttromel careful Diamonds were first discovered in| its contents over acres of ground.| to offer only. gems of th rad aceur - India; however, these mines have; Here it remains for two years, gradu- | 44, fee nae fer tater t is bgo- long been exhausted. Stones have] ally becoming pulverized by the ac- ay fh ae thal te : ‘ti fi il- also, been found in minor auany tes tion of the elements. During the dry llaney EE ee ee in Sumatra, Borneo, the Urals, S- | seafion it is watered..twice.a day: - tralia, South America and parts uf Dy this time the -hard rock has fe Jae roel aesortad: tor alee ede: North America. The South African; started to crumble. It is loaded back. me fee mee tie. amination in what mines are by far the most important,| into the conveyor and sent to. the|2cnes ae ts : at be nets ‘it as 90 per cent of the world’s output | washing machines, where it is: thor- Pea ts medug that TERY atts flaws are eliminated and also the size and, shape of the) finished stone termined. In some cases, the “cleav er,” as he is. called, studies the rough tor days, in, order to ascertain ‘the exact. grain of the stone and get the best results from the cleavage. Our Antwerp representative tells this story of the cleaving of the Culli- nan, the largest piece of rough ever found, weighing some 3,300 carats. The stone was intended for the Brit- ish crown jewels, 80 that every care was taken. The master cleaver was called. He studied the stone for days. At length everything was ready. He hit the cleaver a blow. The instru: ment’s edge cracked! The cleaver fainted! But at the second blow the stone fell evénly apart. The biggest stone was cut to a beautiful pear- shaped diamond of the finest blue, weighing 516 carats, It is now set in the scepter of England’s king. The particular style of cutting hav- ing been determined upon, the stone is roughly shaped. This is accomp- lished .by a toothless buzz saw of.phos- phor bronze which ig from four to six thousandths of an inch thick, and J revolves. 8,300: revolutions: per minute, The stone is embedded in lead and clamped before ‘this wheel. which-cuts it roughly“to the shape desired. Be- cause of the heat generated, it takes from three to four days to cut pne- third, of an inch. E na Polishing. , ‘ This is done on the, diamond or lapidary’s wheel, a metal disc turning én a vertical spindle some 2,500 revo- lutions ner minute. This,wheel, dur- ing the war, was copied in America, but. in spite of the most scientific an- alysis and hundreds of dollars spent in experimenting, every attempt was a failure. The secret of its composi- tion is known only to Europeay craftsmen, and they guard’ it care- fully. The stone, if a large one, ig em- bedded in the apex of a metal: cone and held against the surface of the disc by .means of a clamp; if the stong is small, it is cemented in an instrument called a “dop,” which holds each facet mm turn rigidly against the polishing wheel. -A number of stones may be -pol- ished upon the ‘stone at the same time. They require, however, the constant attention of the polisher, as the stone may be permanently dam- aged if the wheel becomes overheat- ed. At intervals the disc'is smeared with a mixture of diamond dust and olive oil which increases its cutting ability, ‘ Fie Imperfeetions .; Carbon, Spots — Possibly the most common defects found in stones are carbon spots. The- majority of these spots. are, however, eliminated at cutting, or left in such a position as to be covered by the mounting.. In this..case, it will not interfere witl the brilliancy or cutting. Carbon spots are ofily found in blue-white stones. Stone Imperfections — Occasionally a stone has’ cracks or “breaks,” ir- regular when across the grain and straight. when with it. They are called, “cracks”. if large, and “feathers” ‘dr “flakes” when small. The. latter. can: usally be polished out. These imperfections are usually comparatively unimportant. 5,3, Off-Color Stohes— The majority of off-color stones... are tinted slightly yellow. or brown,- and should be avoided. As there is little demang for off-color diamonds, they are not a good investment. Constituents of, Diamond Values Color—Color is the first requisite of a marketable stone. Blue-white digmonds are the most valuable and in the biggest demand. However, col- ored stones of well-defined shades the diamonds adhere to the These are collected and scn' night to Kimberley. Cutting Antwerp and Amsterdam are. the diamond cutting centers of the:.worid. Here over 25,000 people are engaged » pieve of rought weighing 2% carats | WRIST WATCH Cased in White Gold > Beautiful Designs in Octagon, Square and Round Shapes. High Grade, Finely Jeweled Movements;. Each a Thing of ‘Beauty and a Joy Forever. BONHAM BROS. Jewelers and Optometrists oe 20000 Announcing * the LIGHT SIX $ | 485 f. oO. b. South Bend, Ind. The World’s Greatest Light Six Car : We Have Just Received Demonstra- tor and We Will Be Pleased to Show You What a Wonderful and Hand- some Car It Is. \ * LIGHT SLX STU! ‘The ‘Light-Six is built complete in the newest and most modern auto- mobile plant in the world, erected by Studebaker at South Bend, especially for the production of this car. Over $15,000,000 have been’ spent, and the buildings, machinery and entire plant equipment are the finest that money can buy. Noteworthy for precision of measurement, q\ality and cpm- pleteness is the wonderful equipment of tools, jigs, dies’ and gauges. All of the tools were designed and many of them made’ by Studebaker experts, and no car ever went into. produetion with finer equipment.’ The engines, axles, transmissions, frames, bodies, tops and other parts of the car are Bismarck Motor Co. C. BERTSCH, JR.. BISMARCK, 416 BROADWAY LHASA HTL gE mately 60 per cent—that is, it tukes|- [DOR bring high. prices—these are usually cut into fancy. shapes. Stones clas- sified according to color, valve are as follows: ‘Rivers; a fine ‘blue. white steel. blues, sometimes called Jaeger Wesseltons, a white; crystals, slight- ly yellow; silver capes, yellow; and browns. é Stone Perfection—Stone perfection is, in reality, only freedom of impér- fections which will mar the beautv of the polished stone or decrease the value, of the, diamond itself. Stone perfection depends to.a large degree upon the condition of the rough; and as the Kimberley stones are the best, so are Brazilian diamonds the worst grade. They are usually off. color, “smoky,” , and: extremely, difficult . ta cut to secure good results;, However, stone imperfections, asa ‘rule, are more important than either color or brilliancy. : Grading As some firms buy weight.-or. bril- liancy (yellow diamonds are the most brilliant), so, we buy, our stones, first, for fineness of color, and, second, for perfection of ,cutting.. Our. stock comesientirely: from the South Afri- can mines. They are cut in our cut- ting plants at:-Antwerp and -forward- ed to this couutry. eae They are graded dnd put in four classifications, relative to stone per- fection. This is all the grading ne- cessary, as we handle only blue-white | gfones, perfectly cut. These classifi- ‘dations: are: P—Perfect. Perfectly proportioned, without a flaw of any kind. VV—Very, very slightly imperfect. The flaw is so small that nine out of ten cannot find it with a. glass. Known as “commercially, perfect.” Vsi—Very slightly imperfect. It may be seen with the ‘aid of a glass however. SIP—Slightly imperfect. Cannot be detected with. the naked eye, how- ever, unless one is familiar with dia- mands. , ¢, pce 1 ee 2 THE CROW’S FLT AND BE’ The country still contains a few of those oldtimers who describe distance in.two ways. Ask one of them how far itis from here to there and he will answer: “Well, as the crow flies it’s twenty miles, but by the road it’s twenty-six.” The,crow, as a travel- er,/is a‘ conserver, of—time.and en- ergy. The road builder wastes both and enforces: the same waste on way- farers of .the next generation, or longer, by following accident, cus- tom and the line.of least resistance in a: wandering route from town to town and hamlet to hamlet. To-day’s high cost—of doing every- thing—are compelling man, as a trav- eler, to think about the crow. Rail- roads have spent millions in short cuts. There must be short-cut roads. Motor cars and trucks, oil, gas and parts to keep them going and meu to drive them cost too much to permit of waste in following cowpath mean- dering and hairpin curves. Roads to carry passengers: and freight between the country’s gréat centers of popu- lation, commerce and,:industry. must be straightened, must*be routed away m , congeated diatricts,:must elim- Jate- heavy; .grades—to save time. Roads that. wil] stay put, permanent highways, roads that straighten and shorten the great national. routes of travel, recognizing. the, speed possibil- ities. of: motor, yehicles, as utilities of the *highest essehtiality—these ate: the ‘kind of rodda the’ countey, must have. ‘The automobile ‘industrys which has made. what good roads we have, must make them better. ;The industry. —manufacturer, merchandiagr,.gervico man—must lead -the ‘better “highways, movement,’ What i¢ your. town’ doing SUUVTHNUIUANOQOOENUQNOUSUONOENSONOANOUEUCQQUROGEOUOUOEENEOEAONDUEGENAUTAEOOUOOEEOUOUEEESOUGOEUEOGOONEUAOOOOGAOOEAGHAUROGAOELUUALLL pre ed complete, under scientific ve nti gi; Sage Mia =| m1 sar spectipas to NUNES HA | estzned and equtpped the new plant. about it? Bethlehem Trucks will solve the problem.” «:, Sic # ‘e be a ee | The HOOVE _ ELECTR Our Attractive Line of Floor and Table Lamps Will Interest uv | BETTER HIGHWAYS OUR PRICES We have doiatge offeriig of chariaing: dependable Bed Room Furniture, IC SUCTION SWEEPER Z i a i x IEDEN HAS TURNED WASHDAY INTO PLAYDAY = In thousands of homes = the Eden has solved the = wash-day problem and has = more than helped the en- tire family to do ther washing with: the ° least trouble and gréatesi ease. No. Need to Worry Plenty of time in the morning—about 8 o'clock get’ the clothes’ together, put them in the’ “Eden” with hot water and soap. The “Eden” is always ready—it does not care iow many “clothes you wash nor how soiled. they are—it .washes them. and wrings them, too, ready for the line. ; ‘EDEN in Your Home You will be the envy of your neighbors, At 10:00 or 10:30 in the morning your washing is on the line = —and you, perfectly fresh and care-free, are ready for other household duties— your washing has been ac- complished in a scientific and sanitary manner, just as it should be in- every good American Home. The “Eden” is sold under a strict guarantee, and on time payments if desired. Talk it over with us. = = Phone-370 a UT | Where You Get Value Received for Both Sides of Your Dollar—The Fur- #. niture You Want--Moderately Priced. = > We have a large Assortment. A truly wonderful display in Reed and Fibre Chairs, Rock- ers, Tables, Day Beds, Chaises Longues, Lamps, Breakfast Tables, Desks and Desk Chairs. We have it in all the bright, cheerful, beautiful upholstery and, ‘above all, solid comfort. HN RY We Sell the Famous French Wilton and Bengal Oriental _ Rugs. : Furnishing the ; House in Units (BY MARIE STAHL To be beautiful a thing must possess unity. It must be so constructed that every part of.it blends and harmonizes to make a perfect whole. This is particularly true in the decoration and furnishing of a room. The - i unity must be kept, but it. must be given just enough variety to interest any occasional visitors, and to keep it from being monotonous to those who frequent it.- If the whole decorative scheme of the room is re- stricted to any one color, even if that color be used in different shades, it becomes monotonous. On the other hand too many colors produce 4 restless and dis- quieting effect, and take from the room all sense of relaxation, and kill all desire to linger for any length of time. if In this way the whole purpose of decoration is lost. If a room, when completed is not inviting, if it does not silently urge alt comers to enter and remain, then there is something wrong with the whole scheme of things and the efforts of the designer have missed their mark and have proved themselves absolutely futile. It may be just same one thing that stands out in color that offends the eye of the casual. observer.. It is then subject to one of two simple remedies. Either the offending object can be removed and replaced, or it can be balanced by something else. A color that is in striking contrast to the rest of the room, may be too glaring in one spot if it is not balanced with some other object, either in the same color, or in another of equal intensity, placed some place else in the room. i By repeating this one color note a perfect_harmony may result that will make the #oom far. more interesting than it would be if reduced- to a more simple color scheme. It may be the means of introducing the touch of, originality and interest that lend it individuality. One of the most deplorable things about the average home today is the sameness of it. You go from house to house and you see the same furniture, reproduced time and time again, set in the same yelative positions in home after home, the same materials used in upholstering and in draperies even the same stereotyped bric-a-brac is placed in the same deadly way. Wnconsciously you long to take a lamp or a vase and put it some place else. You would be so relieved if that davenport and that table were placed in & different relation to each other.' This is particularly true of many of the furnished apartment houses which are fitted in this way. Davenports, chairs, tables, beds, lamps, and all other kinds of-furnishing and accessories are purchased in wholesale lots. and except for a few personal pictures, or books, or some thing of the sort, every apartment is identical with every other apartment. ‘The living rooms are apt to be grey and mulberry, the dining rooms blue, and the bedrooms are invariably carried out in insipid blues and pinks. There is no reason for this. There are those who prefer the lighter colors for bedrooms, but even these. may show a decided lot of originality. They do not have to adhere to the flat and uninteresting scheme of pink and white or blue and white. f There are charming combinations for the bedroom that can be made with lavender, green, tan and Yellow and any number of different and in- teresting shades. They can be iust as dainty, just as attractive, and still they will reflect personality and stand out in the minds of all who see them. '! Rooms are quite like persons. There are some that are pleasant and agreeable, but. that leave no definite impression. There are others, that irritate and annoy us by some little foolish affectation which does not.har- monize at all with the real thing, the substantial thing beneath the surface, and there are again some that remain indelibly in our minds because of some originality or cleverness which at first surprises and then pleases us and makes that particular room a vivid and delightful memory for us always. This is not entirely due to the color scheme of the room. It is just as likely to be the selection of the furniture. People are,too prone to huy furniture in “sets.” This is all right in the case of the dining room, perhaps, that all the chairs should match and that the other pieces should follow the « same design. and pattern. This is a formal room and the set furniture lends fo the formality of it. It gives the proper atmosphere and this is an essential thing. : es In general, however, the American home is not a formal place, we are not essentially a formal nation. Our homes are built to live ‘im and by living we mean being comfortable and at ease. This is more possible if the house is not carried out after too rigid a.scheme of furnishing and decor- ating. Odd pieces in the living room and bed rooms make them more informal, more livable, more cozy, more comfortable. 5 Another thing that has a definite influence on the appearance of the roorh, are the pictures on‘the walls and the manner in which they are hung. Every room should have some pictures to ac to its interest, but they should not be hung in a haphazard way with no rega the rest of the room. ~ Here again the unity of the scheme must te t: © consideration. ‘Perhaps the coloring of the. picture must be. takeg i conside 1. Perhaps the coloring of. the picture will afford the distinctive touch that will ‘make a {io stand out from all others. Pictures should be hung with some regard -for the placing of the furniture, of.the doors and the windows. Small units combine.to make up the general effect and in many of these a picture is the tie that binds: When hung above a small table on which are fperhaps’some candlesticks or some books, with perhaps a,very handsome vase reflects one of its predominating. telors; the pictiipe: furnishes the =| keynote-of a small unit of decoration. Bach‘of-these should’ be complete in itself, all combine to make-an attractive whole.