The Bismarck Tribune Newspaper, April 26, 1919, Page 2

ia Faults: Must Be Eliminated Be- fore Coverfant Can Be Finally Accepted, Says Kansan Who Favors, the League But De- clares Objectors Are Sincere. BY THE HON. ARTHUR CAPPER, Republican U. S. Senator from the State of Kansas, and Publisher etl the Topeka Capital, 1 believe. Kansas is overwhelmingly for a league of nations, 1 am em- phatically for it, because I believe it to be a great step toward an enduring peace which fs the hope of the world, and which the world must and will} have. The people are now demanding that for which they gave freely all that hu- Inanity has to give, and for which our boys died in France. It is unthinkable they will be content with les The principle and the ide; Our isolation is no longer possible. Real progress in the movement to pre- vent war and to stop military rivalry, Js America’s demand. J nave no sympathy with the con-) tention thaya league agreement will! tend to invélve us in war instead of| keeping us out of war. | believe war-weary people of both continents | will support a military and ceonomic | boycott against the first nation which; attempts to destroy «another or to again ruthlessly plunge the world into war. This means there must be an in ternational organization and agree : ment. ‘LEAGUE A NECESSITY i TO PREVENT ANARCHY. It is for us to advance in every pos- sible way such an agreement among : the nations as will lessen the chonces of another war. | believe a league of nations an absolute necessity if we are to Save the world from anarchy, but it is natural there should be great! differences of view among leaders of opinion co! any form it might take. It seems that war is constitutional, and a compulsory peace isn’t—no mat- ter how badly the world needs it> A! league to keep the peace of the world! ig as new and untried as was once the republican form, of government. Cir- cumstances compelled that? experi- ment, and [ think we shall find a way to profit by this one. » Shave faith the league of nations covenant can be s0 strengthened and improved that, as finally shaped, it witl have the confidence of the great / majority of, the American people. 4 : But there must be a full and frank Giscussion of the question if the ipro- posed peace compact is to become a Scompact in fact. “Thé country should be fully informed and should be ericouraged to-express its opinion, and it is not vital that the league covenant be formed before the peace treaty is presented to the sen- ate. ‘The suggestions of Senator Lodge and Senator Knox have been con- structive and in good faith. In the main, I approve the amendments pro- posed by them as well as by ex-Presi- dent Taft afta Dr. Lowell. There can be no league by ultima- tum of the president, however much we may respect and approve his self- confidence and trust his zeal. There is too much at stake. COVENANT'S FAULTS SHOULD BE WIPED OUT. * It is generally conceded that the covenant as proposed by President ‘Wilson is. fundamentally f might be expected of a first draft of 80 tremendous and epochal a docu- ment. It is afnbiguous in its terms, incomplete in its machinery for pea ably settling differences between na- tions, and this Jack of definite state- . ment shows its.need of revision. _ 1 think we should insist upon. spe- cific phraseology Which shall leava this nation with its Monroe Doctrine intact, With exclusive commafd of its own’ policy of war and peace, and with the right to withdraw from the league re right. | verning such a league, or| 4 FULL pages OF LEAGUE OF NATIONS, SAYS SENATOR i i ARTHUR CAPPER» - afte ne tion. {definite reservation for pi sity or desi BASED BY SAMUEL UNTERMYER ‘Tribune. of the league of nations should be ex ploited = au searching analysis. independently intedestedne pa di tion. prejudice or partisanship. ensational and in gradually grown it sion was heated, tempehate, it ha breadth, sanit it is on a high O30 that has clarified and broug! ght out fh sue. DISCUSSION WINS NEW SUPPORT FOR THE LEAGU of the league. i cial. leged ambiguities. It is claimed, for instance, on nth serted that it ed. One side s ‘ys that because of th that where an agreement is sifent a either party. nant, tion. foré us, I venture to fons publicly expressed by me on th For Infants and Childfen. : Mothers Know That Genuine Castoria «Use For Over Thirty Years |- due notice int the event of the bility of such ac- ‘The covenant must have a more serving the DISCUSSION MAKES CONVERTS TO LEAGUE HIIDEA, SAYS SAM UNTERMYER; PRESENT is OBJECTIONS One of America's Foremost Lawyers, Although I differ from the men in public life who conceive it to he their| Monroe doctrine. In my judgment the | duty to oppose the adoption of the league, | am sure that all of us are now, satisfied that with rare excep- tion’ these men are not swayed by Whilst at the beginning the discus- » vat now nip fbold relief the vital questions at. is- To my mind every day’s disciséien has strengthened and attracted new support from the thinking men of the country to the underlying principles Upon my construction of the cove- nant ih its original form, none of the proposed amendments are really cru- They are aimed mainly at al- one hand, that the Monroe doctfinie is {impaired, whilst on the other it’ is.as- s enlarged and extend-: absence of a time limit the agreement becomes perpetual and that thre is no way of retiring from it, whilst the sup- porters of the covenant in its present form invoke the settled rule of law to time it is revogable at the will of The point I make in this connection is that the assault upon the cove- which began with wholesale de- nunciation and the demand for its re- jection, has already reached the stage at which the attacks are now direct- ed merely against alleged ambiguities resulting in a demand for clarifica- Now that all the arguments are be- {firm the opin- CASTORIA Monroe Doctrine, and such provisions as will guarantee its perpetuation. I favor a strong and explicit stipulation that “no foreign power shall. acquire tinent. I should decidedly oppose any 4ar- rangement to permit foreign nations by a majority vote of their representa- tives in a league, to say when this country shall send American © boys, and how many, to“fght’ of Buropéan “battlefields. HOPES AMENDMENTS WILL BE EFFECTED. Recent press dispatches. from Paris indicate that President Wilsop and other framers of the. proposed cove- nant are beginning to sense the pppo- sition in this country to any wide-op- en acceptance of the flowery but. in- definite league plans submitted. by| President. Wilson, and are trying to inject amendments covering some of the points most strongly in dispute -in the United States, I sincerely hope that they will, suc- cged to the point where the docu- ment can be made satisfactery to the great majority and a safeguard to’the rights of America. The United States of necessity must have exclusive control of immigration, and our tariff problems are purely our own internal affairs. These two points must, with the integrity of the; Monroe doctrine, “he so plainly and forcibly set forth in any . compact which will satisfy this country; that they can neitger be mistaken, nor twis mean anything else. é ON MINOR POINTS eA ees ‘ond day following the puoilcation of the covenant, as follows: Who Canducted the U.S, Govern-| THAT. the leage, if adopted, will be ment's ‘Fight Against ‘the “Money| the greatest advance made in the Trust.” cause of world peace jn the history 6f (Written Especially for the Daily _ | civilization, THAT the covenant in its present It was ehhinently wise and essential] form should, 4f practicable, be in the public interest that all the argu: | #mended: ments for and against the adoption by| ,(@)—To permit of the greatest pos- our country of the proposed covenant | sible freedom for selfddeterniination | . | tnder the aubpiceg af the league and: subjected to the most|S° that the powers ot/fhe league can Everyone who nd in a spirit, of ‘ticipated in that ssion has earned public. apprecia- in no event be invoked to supprss or interfere with the ambition of any part of a state for independence. (b)—To remove any ambiguity as to whether in its present form it inter- feres with our insistence upon the covenant, when fairly construed, amounts to a distinct extension and | enlargement of that doctrine. In view, however, of all that has been said and written o nthe subject all doubt on this vital question should .| be removed. n|__(c)—The contention (which like- wise seems to me unsound) that tie acceptance Qf a mandate is. compul- | Sory should be disposed of by a clause in express terms of providing for the rejection of the mandate,at the elec- tion of the selected member. (d)—Retirement from the league by any of its members should in terms be provided for on amfle no- tice so as to do away with the possi- bility of abrupt severance by ‘any member of its relations to the league, and ‘so that retirement shall. pot be- come effective until the retiring mem- ber shall have fully performed its ob: ligations to the league. Whilst these amendments or such of them as can be secured’ are doubtless advisable, the failure to obtain all or any of them is not of such vast, im- Portance as to justify for a moment considering ‘the frightful alternative! of the collapse of the league It: they are not ,obtainable, there should be no hesitation in adopting the covenant as originally submitted, imperfect as it is claimed to be. Its imperfections can be straightened out later but even if that is impossible we can better afford to live under it as it is than to face the gaastly al- ternative. ALTERNATIVE—LEAGUES TO INSURE WAR. : WHAT THEN IS THIS ‘ALTERNA: TIVE? . Whilst criticism of the: coye- 4 nant has been varied and_ prolific, greatly to our enlightenment, nothing concrete has ‘been presented that ris- e e Ss ed by any international court to]. any possessions on the American’ con-:|' s \. Coni es to the dignity of an_ alternative plan unless it be the suggestion that the allies shall form a league of. thefr own, which is nothing more tian a repetition of the disastrons alignment of great nations on the theory of pre- serving peace through the “balance of power.” If England, France, Italy dnd the| United States form puch a league in- evitably the other nations will have to form a competing league, and we shall have the world armed. to, the teeth for all time to come,, What will happen if there is no league and to what extent are we re- sponsible for what ig almost certajn to happen? Our prestdent has wisely, and, hu- manely insisted. upon self-determina- tion. In carrying out this principle it. becomes necessary to set Up new na- tionalities and to transfer {he alleg- fance of old oftes involving hundreds of milfons of human lives. The imperative ‘question’ that ¢on- fronts us .is whether, having set up these new nations and ciianged the boundaries of the old ones and‘ hav- ing been otherwise responsible for the republican forms of governments that have superseded monarchfal forms, we have the right to turn our backs upon these new countries and wall e away leaving them to the frightfu fate that may be in store for them. Having gone so far, are we not bound in the interest -of civilization ‘to complete the stupeidous task thus begun by protecting the sovereignty’ @& the nations thus brought into exist ence? Can there be any question of: oar duty ‘however unpleasant it may e' Uniless we do this-the War will not only/have been fought in vain; it_will have been the beginging of incessant ward. ‘ These new nations will be at one ancthéss throats within sik ths | uniese therd is & power to in them. at oe shal hove peng wlhost lieve that we shall have bsijeres the Ew me a of the aides , the spirit of Billion Dollar Tubes will Be Con: strueted by French and Eng- . lish; “Five: Years Needed for Work. Must Bore Through Chalk 280 Feet Below Sea Level; Trans- tinental Trains Will Start. ‘From London. Slee 'N. E. A. Special fo The Tribune. Plans for a tunnel between France and Kngland to cost a tbillion dollars or more are so far |perfected that construction can start BISMARCK DAILY. TRIBUNE BRITS AND FRENCH GOVERNMENTS READY TO BUILD 32-MMLE TUNNEL 70 UNITE COUNTRIES IN NEW WAY HOW TUNNEL V WILL CROSS CeANNEL . ee RINE WORDEN ERe Ie at (once. complete the tuimel. project. to be given any country. northwest of Dov j cliff between Idikestone and’ Dover: down to‘aidepth of 280 feet: Two tunnels, each 18 feet in dé ameter, are to be sunk, leries every 200. yards. 22 miles long The New Pease eve Tlie out-and-out’ eet, of the League of N ations covenant apparéntly have not been won over by the amendments adopted in Paris to meet their objections. ‘The New York Tribune (Rep.) finds the - “denatured covenant” powerless for either good or e vil, while the New, York Evening Sun (Ind.) goes- ~ further and declares that “it:is:both ‘an all-round; invasion of sovereignty and at the sarfmtime impotent ¢ for the enforcement of peace.” In many quarter's, however, it is thought that’ the recognitivn of the Monroe Doctrine and ‘other changes ‘ ‘will win for itt_ many votes and may prove sufficient to secure its . ratification” by the Senate, ‘to quote the Republican Philgdelphia Press. these changes is due to the constructive criticism of such Republicans as Mr. Taft, Mr. Knox, and Mr. Root. | ona Be sure and read THE LITERARY DIGEST this week. All angles of publie opinién on the League of, Nations covenant are presented i in the lea ding. article. American. people. aa if ‘What Punishrhent Fits the egKaiser’s Crime? Sugeéstions Put For ward By Ameriea and Others o f the Warring Countries As To. How To Punish the Tt wild take five years .to British and-French gowernments are said to be in entire accord on. the No preference in rates 1s The approach to the tunnel Will be sotne miles back from the coast. Pécause of the huge More than 91 miles‘of the 32 will be under the sea and the tubesAvill go with cross Near the middle of the tunnel there will be a dip for one mile and a wa- ter lock ‘by means of which the tun- {nel can be flooded and disabled for use ‘in case of emergency. This lock la Curve of “tunne) line to. approach several miles back soft Dover, Section of interior of tube showing electric_trains. 2. Dip in tunnel’ which may be flooded in time of war. °3. Greatest water depth, 180 \feet. 4, Thickness of chalk above tun nel, 100: feet. 5 Entrance to cross tube connecting junnels, one every 200 yards. will be controlled from Dover, DIG 100 FEET BELOW BOTTOM OF SEA. The deepest water along the route of the tunnel is. 180 feet and it is Rroposed to go deep enough to have a cover of the chalk sea bottom 100 feet thick between the top of the tgnnel and the bottor of the channel. This ‘| will protect the tubes from the sea activities in time of war. The. tunnel ,will carry besides the train tracks, telephone and telegraph wires and pneumatic tubes for the dicpatch of letters and parcels. Trains will operate by electricity. Less, difficulty in construction is expected than was met in building the east River tunnel. between Man- hattan and Long Island. There it was s / , ex-Kaiser For His Crimes. What Germany Can, Must, Will Pay . Cause of Egyptian Disorders - Saving 13,000 Workers’ Lives Yearly A Machine Fable i Red-Light Surgery - ~ * Germany Shrieks at the Art Indem- “nity ‘ “Mute, Inglorious” Irish Writers Chesterton for “Christian Liquor” The Case of Sehleswiz: Important News of Finance and Commerce This is a wonderful time for You and for every other man and woman in the world. “The average individual has hitherto had little or no share in the direction of national affairs or even in the 2 ultimate. ‘idécision upon matters vitally affecting his. per- a welfare and the conditions under’ which he I and works. Today the statesmen of ll na- tions are agreed that the people“F a and that et the instruments ‘of the Depa ull.) ; ‘ Too Much Or Not Enough Wheat? , Canada’s Daylight-Saving Tangle he Japart Makes-a Shipbuilding Record Burning Down Houses to Keep Warm Eastern Editors and Western Readers A Negro Explains the “Jazz” - . Salvation Army Drive For a Home «Service Fund American Enslavement to Drugs: _ The Best of the Current Poetry Personal Glimpses of Men and Events A- Fine Collection of Interesting: Illustra tions, Including the Best of the Cartoons : an / The Literary Digest Your Logical Source of News ° t thrdish coast and also from destruction by enemy | chants 26, 1919. . necessary to rat Wonldors hant rock covered with‘ deter fers’ overlaid ‘vith quicksand. The channel tunnel. wiil go chalk. The first, Jayer.unger the channel is white chalk. Below this’ {s/ 300 feet of grey; chalk and thfougu this the tunnel will bp bored. The en- gineering question is whether this grey chalk {s impervious to water: It in the antics ofthe sea-in ages past wy great fissures have been vereated, ey will cause “trouble, * ‘First steps toward a channel ae nel were taken in 1874 when a French company sank an ‘experimental shaft in France. Then in 1881 a Bri campany sank ‘a shaft and’ drové boring 2,000, yards toward the’ che nel. The work was \stopped b: government, which detided: that tach a project shouldbe carried out by. the government. The. projec t, Was revived in 1913 and nave} and militaty ad- Vice asked, but the outbyeak of the War, stopped progress. 5 ‘With. the’ tunnel in operation the cnannel could be crossed in 45 miin- utes and the time from London to Paris would be but six hours,.whtl6 mination of baggage on. the train oud do away. with customs delays, Express trains would ‘be made /up in London for’ Constantinople, Rome and Brindisi, Bagdad and othér«cross~ continept runs, hrough PA WEAKENS By Edward Vance Cooke When I was kissin” ma one day,. Pa sort of, shoves his chair away Back from the table, and ‘says he, “You're kind of big, it seems to me, To allus*be a slobberin’ so... Ar ound 9 your’ mother. Don’t you Affection shouldn’t be a show, Tt sort of vheapeng love, I-say, To have it allus on display. \ Leastwise, I -was brought, up that way.” Jusf then my sister floated in And rubbed him-ugderneath thethin And wrinkled up his face and skin Between her hands. And then she ig dips And smacks-him one, right on the lips: And then she pecks him two or three Up where his top-knot used to be. And pa, he grins just like a cat: / And gives her hand’ a ‘spoony pat >. And says, “By George! fF tell you what, Appreciation helps a lot! It hits me in a tender svdt.” And ma, she locked across and nal, “I noticed that she kissed you head.” It adds that the credit for Other subjects that will interest the r. Lodge, ; \ . Apri 26th Namber 0 on Sale Today~Al News-dealers--10-Cents You, as one of the rulers ander the new ordér, can not be too accurately informed as:to what is being ‘done to bring back peace and prosperity to our war-torn planet.. THE LITERARY DIGEST, fore- most of news-magazines, provides you with a weekly summary of world events that is authentic, informing, and up-to-date. Read it and keep your- self posted as to the exact status of the great- movements that so nearly concern you, ~