The Bismarck Tribune Newspaper, January 7, 1918, Page 4

She BISMARCK EVENING TRIBUNE THE BISMARCK TRIBUNE Entered at the Postoffice, Bismarck, N. D., as Second Class Matter : ISSUED EVERY DAY GEORGE D. MANN - - - - += = = G. LOGAN PAYNE COMPAN Special Forcign Representative. NEW YORK, Fifth Ave. Bldg.; CHICAGO, Marquette Bldg.; BOSTON, 3 Winter St.; DETROIT, Kresge Bldg.; MINNEA- POLIS, 810 Lumber Exchange, MEMBER OF ASSOCIATED PRESS The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for re- nublication of all news credited to it or not otherwise credited in this paper and also the local news published herein. All rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. : MEMBER AUDIT BUREAU OF CIRCULATION SUBSCRIPTION RATES PAYABLE IN ADVANCE Daily, Morning and Sunday by Carrier, per month..........$ .70 Daily, Morning, Evening and Sunday by Carrier, per month.. .90 Daily, Evening only, by Carrier, per month... 50 Daily, Evening and Sunday, per month .............6eee0ee 70 Morning or Evening by Mail in North Dakota, one year ...... 4.00 Morning or Evening by mail outside of North Dakota, one year, 6,00 Sunday in Combination with Evening or Morning by mail, one year . seeee 5,00 Editor THE STATE'S OLDEST NEWSPAPER (Established 1873) GOOD ROADS. These United States are spending more than $275,000,000 a year for good roads. It is estimated that the direct saving result- ing fom this investment will amount by 1920 to over $3,000,090,000 a year. That saving-is the difference in the average cost of opera- * tion of all vehicles on improved roads as against unimproved roads, vs this differ- Assuming at The public roads commissioner of New Jersey enee is s mile for both automobiles and teams. there will be 6,000,000 motor ears in 0, operating 2 39 miles a day, and 6,000,000 teams running 180 days at 15 miles a day, we have 52,200,000,000 vehicle-miles. At six cents a mile i the total yearly saving is $3,120;000,000, * ‘ % Figures compiled by the United States department of agricul- ture show that one horse and an ordinary wagon can haul an 800- pound load over level muddy roads; from 1,000 to 2,000 pounds over smooth dry earth; from 1,000 to 1,500 pounds over poor gravel ; 3,300 pounds over good gravel; 2,000 to 5,000 pounds over rock or macadam; and from 5,000 to 8,000 pounds over good brick roads. Tt costs 23 cents to haul a ton a mile on the average country road today, the secretary of agriculture estimates. On the improved road the cost is only 13 cents, This reduction of hauling cost is, however, only one good roads advantage that can be expressed in dollars and cents, Permanent road improvements mean an additional saving in the price of farm proudets to the consumer, If the farmer hasn't access to a 365-day road, some of his perishable produce will never see the m so that ultimately the price of the bushel of apples that does reach town must cover at least part of the cost of the ul bushel that bad weather conditions and) impassable roads made i] unmarketable. Ona first class, hard surfaced road the farmer may i advantageously haul his produce by auto truck from 10 miles to 50 miles—all in one day and during any season. Before the war the average charge for carrying wheat by 4 ate ea 1 % ier steamship from New York to Liverpool, Eng., a distanee of 3,100 ae miles, was 3.8 cents a bushel, or 1.6 cents less than the average cost i to the farmer of hauling his wheat from the farm to the railroad station. The full benefit of our nationally vital increased food produe- tion is lost whenever a poor road compels the farmer to make two trips to haul the same quantity of produce that could be taken in one-load over a nimproved road. Bact roads compel the farmer to do hauling when he should be engaged in something else. Shipping conditions on railroads in a given district are affected by bad roads. Here the moving of crops congests railroad tratfic. Because it is necessary for the farmer to get his wheat or other supplies to the railroad center before unimproved reads became impassable, there results an increase in charges for storage whieh the consumer ultimately pays. % * * The permanent improvement of a road also means an inerease in land values, the average gain being variously estimated at from $10 to $25 an acre. According to the last national census there were 878,798,325 acres of farm lands, of which only 478,451,750 acres were improved. Of all publie roads only 11.3 per cent were surfaced. These bare figures indicate what opportunity there is for road building to increase our national wealth billions of dollars. The town is also given a wider commercial radius where good roads make it possible for the farmer to travel easily and independ- ently of weather conditions. Farmers come to the city oftener and inerease their purchases at the stores materially. Moreover inter- urban auto-trucking develops; direct shipments of houschold goods ‘ or wholesale merchandise from one section of the state to another are made not only possible, but most economic. Finally both city and country enjoy the legitimate profit that comes with the increase 4 in the number of auto tourists. ft Tle * * But entirely aside from the benefits of good roads that ean be measured in dollars and cents, there are intangible advantages of E inestimable value. Foremost is the advancement of rural schools. Oune-room buildings have been consolidated in larger and more modern centralized sehool hou Children are not kept home from school because the roads are knee-deep in mud. i The farmer gets his mail delivered regularly regardless of rain / orsnow. By parcel post his farm products go without delay direct to the table in the city. * The old boundary lines between city life and country life be- come less distinguishable and the spirit of discontent and isolation i sometimes associated with rural life disappears, Campaigns for a 3 4 back-to-the-farm movement beeome supertiuous. a The farmer’s pride in his, land is stimulated, unsightly fences become a thing of the past, and well trimmed lawns and shrubbery appear in their stead. i “Roads rule the world,’’ says an unknown author, ‘not kings or constables. The road is, the. only army that: never quits the first aid in the. redemption of any nation. The road ‘s umpire in every war and when the new map is made, it simply Pushes on its great campaign ofhelp, hope, brotherhood, efficiency and veace.”’ ; 4 IT’S AWAY, FIGHTING. Somewhat of sugar shortage is bound to ‘prevail this year, But. don’t be grouchy about it; prepare for it. The sugar that you want and don’t, get will be fighting. By as much as you dency yourself sugar and other things requiring long hauls to market by. that Much’ sooner do you end the war. To illustrate, with sugar: Our sugar supply-will be three or four hundred thousand tons short, thisyear, unless the allies go to Java for sugar. Getting the sugar. from Java means use of ships that would, otherwise, trans- 200,000 or more American soldiers to;France. Plain, isn’t it? ‘sugar that isn’t in your sugar bowl fights, JOUN D. WELLS, POET, CALLED RILEY’S SUCCESSOR, ‘ ENLISTS TO ENTERTAIN U. S. SOLDIERS “OVER THERE” “OVER THERE’ GUNNERS ROLLING UP SHELLS “Back when the nation was needin’ sons Most ’em natcherly took t’ guns, ’Cepting Jim and he says—says he: ‘I choose sticks an’ a drum for me.’”! The man who recognized and im- mortalized the value of “Old Jim Wade’s” drumming ia ’63, knows that human nature has not changed in the half century since Jim put pep into the boys with his rat-a-tat-tat. | This student of human nature is) John D. Wells, erstwhile smithy, traveling showman, U. S. cavalry-| man, machinist, journalist and final- ly managing editor of the Buffalo Evening News and author of several | volumes, of delicious verse—“Old| The man whose pen has traced these, every soldier who listens to Wells’ Good-By’s and Howdy-Do's” and| Jovable rhymes knows the heart of | tale, “A Cavalryman”— ot Folks and Mine”—already well! the soldier, and the wants of that; Wells will not be privileged t nown and well loved, and now a/heart. He knows that after the mad-' whack at the foe with butt and bay- mew volume, Rhymes of Our Home) ness of battle, the heart yearns for’ onet, but he will make every moth- s.” just published, : something soothing — something. er’s son who hears him read “An Old _ John D. Wells does not write about] sweet—something of home and the! Sayin’ of Mother's,” whack with sirens and nor aeons andj home folks, and John D. Wells means} double energy. enigmz It takes no_lecturer to| that they shall have it. He is going! ‘ interpret his poems. They tell of| to take it to them. He real that | This is the tale of a trooper, s fellow simple, homely, every-day things of | his gun-carrying days are past, but! who had no God— life. They are full of music. They! like “Old Jim Wade” he wil! drum! Who earned his pay on a scrubby bay are full of truth. To read them once | the boys along with songs of home| at the left of a ragged squad; is to read and reread them many) and home-life and songs of other| Booted and spurred and cursing, times. They grip the heart as Riley’s | soldier boys. | with nary a thought of good joems do. Tis said Riley’s mantle Big-heartedness, sacrifice and! He made but ore. as the rosters yun, as fallen onto Wells’s shoulders.! sense of duty will swell the breast of | of the Fighting Brotherhood, GERMAN CAVALRY MAN Jonn D.WeUs, THE, § MUST COME GLEAN FROM MILITRAISTIG RULE AND GEASE 10 THREATEN THE PEACE OF THE WORLD Washington, Jan. 5—Premier Lloyd George’s-address created a profound impres- sion in official circles in Washington. Comment on it, however, was withheld until of- ficials could give it thorough study. That the address was not unexpecicd was plain. The growing anxiety exhibited by the entente chancellories since the bevinn ing of the Brest-Litovsk peace conferences and the openly expressed belief that some steps must be taken to counteract the insidious attempts of the German delegates to misrepresent the aims of their enemies had convinced Washington officials that there soon must come from some authoritative source a clear, out-spoken deciaration of the real position of the powers fighting Germany. _ Some exchanges that have taken place between the United States and her co-bel- ligerents recently had pointed to a desire on the part of some of the governments that President Wilson should again speak in the defense he already had taken in regard to the war aims. The state department felt, however, that as the president twice had out- lind in the most formal and public manner his beliefs, America’s position had been suf- ficiently disclosed, for the present at least. London, Jan. 5.—In fulfillment of a ==== = = = ing ihe: question of cman sewer nations bent on the destruction of so-called offers were almost entirely e Bs an Pp Germany. The destruction or disrup- 4 refusal of all concessions. On one tion of Germany has never been a war point only were they clear. Under no aim with us. Most reluctantly and circumstances would Germany’s de- quite unprepared, we were forced to, mands for the restoration of the join in this war in defense, in de-, whole of her colonies be departed fense of violated law in Burope. rom. All the principles of self deter- Aim as iv Germany. ion here vanish. “The British people have never| “It is impossible to believe that any national — servic: Lloyd George made a today of the war aims of Great Britain, | “When men by the millions are call- ed upon to er and die, the vast | populations are being subjected to the! sufferings and privations of a war un-' lian nationalities who have long MONDAY, JANUARY 7. 1918. ypermanent peace can be erected on! such a foundation,” said the premier. “Mere lip series as to the formula of, ‘no annexation, no indemnity and self determination is useless.’ “The days of the Treaty of Vienna are long past. We can no longer sub- mit the future of European civiliza- tion to the arbitrary decisions of ay few negotiators striving to secure by chicanery or pursuation, the interest of this or that dynasty or nation. Therefore, government with the con-) sent of the governed must be the basis, of any territorial settlement. For that reason also unless treaties be upheld, it is obvious that no treaty of peace can be worth the paper o nwhich it is written. Restoration of Belgium. “The first requirements always made by the British and their allies have been the complete restoration, |! political, territorial and economic, of the independence of Belgium, and! such reparation as can be made for the devastation of its towns and prov- inces., It is, no demand for war in- demnity, but insistence that before there can be any hope of stable peace this great breach of public law in Europe must be repudiated and, so far as is possible, repaired. “Reparation means recognition. Un- less international right is recognized by insistence on payment for injury done in defiance of its canons, ft can never be a reality. “Next comes the restoration of Serbia, Montenegro and the occupied parts of France, Italy and © Rumania, the complete withdrawal of alien arm- ies and reparation for injustice done condition of a the fundamental ermanent peace. To Stand by France. a “We mean to stand by the French democracy to the death in the de- mand they make for a reconsideration of the great wrong of '71, when Al- sace-Lorraine was torn away. This sore has poisoned the peace of Eur- ope for half a century and until cured healthy conditions can not be restor- ed. The pcemier said he would not at- tempt to deal with the question of| the Russian territories now in Ger- man occupation. The Russian policy since the revolu- tion had passed through so many phases that it was difficult to speak, without some suspension of judgment. on what the situation would be when the terms of European peace come to be discu Referring to the fa that the war was ed by Russia’ sion to protect Serbian indepen- and that the present rulers of tussia had entered into separate peace negotiation the premier said: “I am indulging in no reproaches. I am stating facts to make it clear why Britain can not be held accountable for decisions taken in her absence and concerning which she was not con- sulted or her aid invoked. Prussian Designs. “Nobody who knows Prussia and her designs toward Russia can doubt her ultimate intention. Whatever phrases she uses to delude Russia she does not mean to surrender any of the Russian provinces and cities now oc- cupied. Under one name or another ‘hey will henceforth be part of the Prussian dominions, ruled by the Prus- sian sword, and the rest of the Rus- sians will be .enticed or. bullied into complete economic and ultimate po- litical enslavement. “Democracy in this country will stand to the last by the democracies of France and Italy. We should be proud to fight to the end side by side with the new Russian democracy. So would America, France and Italy. But if-the present rulers of Russia act in- dependently we have no means to ar. rest the catastrophe. Russia can only be saved by her own people. “An independent Poland, compris- ing all genuinely Polish elements who desire to participate, is an urgent ne- cessity for the stability of western Europe. Austria-Hungary. “Though we agree with President ilson that the breaking up of Aus- tria-Hungary is no part of our war aims, we feel that unless genuine self- government on true democratic princi- ples are granted those ustroHunear: de- sired it, it is impossible to hope for the removal of those causes of un- aimed at the breaking up us the Ger-| man peoples or the disintegration of their state. Our wish is not to destroy Germany’s great position in the world, | but to turn her aside from schemes! of military domination to devote her for a day of this unspeakable agony Strength to the bencficient tasks of of nations. ; the world, Cleariy and Definitely. | “We are not fighting (o destroy Aus- | “We ought to be able to state clear-| Wia-Hungary or to deprive Turkey of | ly and definitely not only the princi- its capitol or the rich lands of Asia} ples for which we are fighting, but Minor and those lands which are pre- their definite, concrete application to, ominately Turkish, the war map of the world. We have! . “ re not fighting to destroy the | arrived at the most critical hour of coustitution as a dangerous | this terrible conflict, and before any 2n&chronism, Our viewpoint is that the government takes the fateful decision | adoption of a democratic constitution as to the conditions under which it by Germany would he the most con- ought either to terminate or continue vincing evidence that her old spirit of the struggle it ought to be satisfia.) military domination had indeed died in that the con ce of the nation is ¢ war, and it would make it muchj behind these conditions.” + ‘E: sr for us to couclude a broad,} Consensus of Opinion. | democratic peace with her. But that is | The premier said that during the & question for the Gernyan people to last few days he had taken special; decide. pains to ascertain the view and atti-; tude of representative men of all sec-! is more than a year since the tions of thought in the country. He ent of the United Slates advis- had read the statement of labor's war | ed the belligerents by suggestion that aims; he had discussed war aims with! each side should state. clearly _ the Asquith, the former premier, and‘ aims for which they were’ fighting. count Grey, the former foreign{ We replied: The central, powers did: retary. Had the Nationalist lead-| not, and they have maintained. com- ers in Ireland not been engaged with eas to the objects for the tangled problem of Irish self gov- ithey are fighting. Even on so ernment, he would have been happy to | crucial @ matter as their intention re- exchange views with them, but Mr.|8arding Belgium they ,have declined Redmond, speaking in their behalf,| to give any trustworthy’ indication.” had made clear what his ideas are ‘Referring to the pronouncement by | to the object and purpose of the war, | Count Czernin, the Austro-Hungarian} He had also consulted with represen- | foreign minister that it was not the in tatives of the overseas dominions. tention of the Central powers to ap-| As a result of those discussions, he| propriate forcibly any occupied terri-/ continued, although the government | tories or rob of its independence any | was now responsible for the actual| nation which lost its political inde- language he proposed, there was na-| pendence during the war, Mr. Lloyd | tional agreement as to the character | George said it was obvious that any | and purpose of the nation’s war aims| scheme of conquest and annexation | and peace conditions. He was speak-| could be perpetrated within the liter-; ing, therefore, not the mind of thcj#l interpretation cf such a pledge. government, but the mind of the na- We Must Know, tion and empire. “We must know what is meant.”; Not Aggressive War. said the premier, “for equality of right “We may begin by clearing away | amongst nations, small as ‘well/ as some misunderstandings,” said the | great is one of the fundamental issues | precedented in the history. of the world,” he said, “they are entitled to know for what cause or causes they are making the sacrifices. Only the clearest, greatest and justest of caus- es could ju 'y the continuance even re Wilson's Suggestion. “q premier, “‘and stating what we are not | this country and her allies are fight- fighting for. We are not fighting a | ing to establish.” pe? Tie war of aggression against the German Reparation for Belgian towns and people. Their leaders have persuaded | their inhabitants, he “asserted, had’ them that they are fighting a war of| been repudiated emphatically ty. the freeze!” “Give th’ password!” “Aw—Uh—Let’s see now—” rT cael “Aw—ay ‘Perziniker’ er sumthin’ ; | ain't goin’ to stand out here an’ rest in that part 0! urope Ww have so long threatened its general peace. “On the same grounds we regard as vital the legitimate claims of the Ital- ians for union with those of their own race and tongue. We also mean to press that justice be done to the men of Rumanian blood and speech in their legitimate aspirations. If these conditions were fulfiled, Austria-Hun- gary would become.a power whose strength would conduce to’ the per- manent peace and freedom of Europe, instead of the instrument of a Prus- sian military autocracy. “Outside of Europe we believe that the same principles should be applied. The Turkish Empire. “While we do not challenge the maintenance of the Turkish empire in the home lands of the Turkish race, with its capital, Constantinople—the passage between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea being internation- alized and neutralized—Arabia, Ar- menia, Mesopotamia, Syria and Pales- tine are entitled to recognition of their separate national conditions. What the exact form of that recogni- tion should be need not here te dis- cussed, beyond stating that it will be impossible to restore to their for- mer sovereignty the territories to which I have referred. New Circumstances Govern. “Much has been said about the ar- rangements we have made with our allies on this and other subjects. I can only say that as’ new circumstances, such as the Russian collapse and the separate Russian negotiations, have changed the conditions in which the arrangements were made, we are al- ways ready to discuss them with our allies. “Respecting the German colonies, they are held at the disposal of a con- ference whose decision has primary regard to the wishes and interests of their native inhabitants. The govern- ing consideration in all these cases must be that the inhabitants shall be placed under control of an administra- dion acceptable to themselves, one of whosé main purposes will be to pre- yent their exploitation for the benefit of European capitalists or govern- ments. “The chiefs and councils,” said the premier, “are competent to consult with and speak for their tribes, and thus to separate their wishes and in- terests regarding their disposal. Reparation for Injuries. “Finally,” continued’ the — premier, “there must be reparation for injur- ies done in violation of international law. The peace conference must not forget our seamen and the services they have rendered and the outrages they have suffered for the common cause of freedom. : “One regrettable omission we no- ticed in the central powers’ proposals. We believe that a great attempt must be made to establish a great interna- | tional organization as a means of set- tling international disputes. War is a relic of barbarism and as law has succeeded violence in the settlement of individuals’ disputes, so it is des- tined to settle national controversies. “We are fighting for a just and last- ing. peace,” déclared the premier in conclusion. “Three conditions must be fulfilled: Firstly, the sanctity of treat- ies must be re-established. Secondly, | territorial settlement must be based on the right of self-determination or the consent of the governed. Lastly, the creation of an international organ- ization to limit armaments and dimin- ish the probability of war. “To. secure those conditions the British empire is prepared to make even greater sacrifices.” VOICES MUST BE PLEASANT Hospital Nurses Undergo Course of Training in Some Institutions to Cultivate Refined Speech. “If the success or failure of a physti- cian is, in some cases as least, deter- mined by his tongue, how much more important is this matter of speech to the nurse, who must be constantly with the patient, and whose every look and gesture are watched—targets for criti- cism, silent or open,” writes Dr, Irving W. Voorhees ‘in the Nurse. “It is said that in some hospitals this question of refined, pleasing speech has become a part of the nurse’s course of train- ing, and that she ts demerited for dis- regard of the principles as set forth by her teachers, Although I have no personal knowledge of these hospitals, it is certainly a consummation devout- ly to be wished that every one who comes into the sick room shouid know how to speak softly and agreeably.” Doctor Voorhees says Européan na- tions realize the importance of the nurse’s voice and insist upon it far more than we do. And any woman who plans to become a hospital nurse and has not a pleasing voice already should start ‘at once to cultivate one. The sick are very sensitive to voices; the blind are especially affected by harsh voices, so much so. that some wealthy blind men will not permit.a Person whose voice is-not pleasant to come fear them. 1 ee —-———_ CATTLE MARKETS | ee nc ST. PAUL, Ma Ree racebes 15,000, 10¢ to 15¢ igher; range, $15.75@18.25; b $16.00@16.15, Petes CATTLE—Receipts, 3,600; killers, steady;’ .steers,. $6.50@12.5):. cows and heifers, $6.50@9.00; veal calves, steady at $66.00@14.25; stockers and feeders, ‘steady, $66.00@10.00. SHEEP — Receipts, 4,850; lambs, steady at $8.00@16.25; wethers, $7.00 @13.00;. ewes, $5.00@11.50. CHICAGO. HOGS—Receipts, 30,000, strong, 25c to 35c above Saturday’s average, with the bulk at $16:40@16.70; light, $15.75 @16.25; mixed, $16.10@16.80; heavy, $16.05@16.80; rough, $16.05@16.25; Digs, $12.25@15.30. CATTLE—Receipts, 14,000, strong; native beef steers, $7.85@13.50; stock- Bee aoe reniers, $6.70@10.50; cows and heifers, $3.50@11.60; calves, 88. oat @ es, $8.50 SHEEP — Receipts, 10,000, strong; Spe $9.50@13.25; lambs, $13.50@ j saa Hira \ (ii asada dad ula eee »