Bemidji Daily Pioneer Newspaper, November 11, 1921, Page 5

NOW THE “DIRIGIBLE” BOMB ' TO HOLD PIE SALE The Ladies’ Aid of the Catholic church will hold a pie sale Saturday : Dz;il_; _Fashion Hint 7 pounds per §ve of Uns GEuroing gelatin, and alows the sewage to be converted into water that possesses HOLD WOMEN IN SUBJECTION Its Possibilities | REX THEATRE Items for this column will be gladly reccived by Mrs. Harvey, telephone 114. Readers owe it to their guests and to them- sclvgs to see that items of local interest are reported. Every item will be given proper considera- tion when source is known. Miss Gladys Iverson of Crookston | transacted business in Bemidji Thurs- day. L Miss Josephine Rone of Crookston is a business visitor in Bemidji this week, | One dozen photographs make 12! Xmas presents. Hakkerup. ll-4tf! William Abell is visiting his broth- | er, Roy Abell, and family at Pitts- iah A o FOR SCHOOL AGE AND UNDER = ! i “The kiddics of this genera Mrs. A. C. Grai of Wolfe lake| the value of pretty clothes, 2 ::‘utoed to Bemidji and visited Iriends1 they are ahlcl to take notico of th Thursday. generally,” observes a bachclor cyn ., and there seems to be some truth Attend the Royal Neighbors an-| the observation. Fastidious j nual chicken supper Saturday eve-| have approved the model . Nevembor 15, from b to 8 here, the fist in check cha ning, e, cae ¢ 7 o'clock at. Moose hall Tickets 50c.| With collar, pock nd helt of by 9t11-11 | organdy. -Size 4 requires 2% vards : 5 ¥ { 36-inch check, and 3f yard Tplain | material. Mrs. Lennie Hogan of Grant Val-| ley was the guest of Bemidji friends| ¢, Thursday. | Dottec dimity is ad ited the development " second model, The front is shirred in Empire style and there is a sash of plain whi dimity/ to correspond with the and cufis, Medium . yards 36-inch materia : + Model: Dictorial Review | Miss Marie Rider of Shevlin is the guest of Miss Arvilla Kenfield for Armistice Day. : |for - Koors {cream to be delivered right to your !door every morning. accept applications for violin | dents. {'Rulers and People of Bali, | cestor ever contrived to show. { rule in all its magnificence—but minus 2o, 9554, Cizes, 2 to 6 ye 30 cents, “Second Model: Dress No. 9333, izes, 1 to 4 years, Price, 30 cents, Dressmaking at home. Embroidery | a’specialty. Prices right. Phone 897. ; i .o 26028 tts of Grant Valley| - Wednesday shopping| ing friends Ernest Wil was in Bemi Mrs. William Haggerty of Scribner, |came to Bemidji yesterday and shop- ped here during tie afternoon. All cigarettes selling for 20c per: :inge, §1.75 per carton Friday,| s Chris Ch zulfela‘}‘was in Bemidji yesterday shopping, -1%land while here was a guest at the 3. B. Bisiar went to Grand Forks ; home of Mr. and Mrs. N. L. Hakkerur. ac Saturday and ‘Sunday only. Billiarc Parlor. tianson of Puposky Pasteurized milk and 10-6tf VIOLIN INSTRUCTION Bandmaster G. Oliver Riggs will stu- information Phone Mr. Miss Ida Virgina For Riggs, - 623J, or | Brown’s Studio, Battles building, 282." i 6t11-16 OF .EEUDAL POMP IS, ISLAND Near Su- . matra, Extremely Fond of Gor- hoon a map of Ma loug enough you will find the Sutda iislands. They are Jocated 1o the south and west of Sumatra, and, like Su- |’ matra and Java, and other isles near by, are under the rule of Holland. Per- haps it you have a large map you may be able to discover a' tiny speck, at- tached to which will be the name “Bali” The island of Bali is about 2,300 square miles in area, and.is a most picturesque is conquered by hosts from In Although the Dutch rule Bali, and a Hollander sits at the table about which a Balinese raja gathers his chiefs to make laws, the iron hand is Jight in Bali. Indeed, a Bali over- lord is permitted many wives, many dancing girls, many houses and us much pomp and gorgeous display of his high estate as his most regal an- Feudal much -of its-impressiveness—is to be seen at its best or worst in Bali today, Some of the Balinese, particularly the-farmess, are virtually serfs. But they manage to live better, perhaps, than their brothers on the mainland of India. One reason, may be, is that the caste system Is not so oppressive in Bali a; is in India. ! The ears of the Balinese maiden ave pierced when she is a baby. When she grows up, into the lobe of her car is thrust a cylinder of bone. When a Balinese girl becomes a wife the bone cylinders give place to cylinders of silver or gold. But when a Balinesc wife achieves the proud position of i Long ago it was | be | A vdivigible bomb,” that ecan steéred toward the target by wirele after being let fall from an airplane is the novel invention of Elmer A.! y of Brooklyn. inurily, when bombs are dropped from alreraft, the chances of a miss are great. "Fhe speed il altitude of the plane, or bajloon, ¢ to be taken into account, and the wind, also. Ob- | viously jt would he of utmost advan- graviye projectile (‘nuldvl)‘v i g {7 The Sperry divigible homb carides o | | parachute, which, unfolding as it starts | to arop, not only slows the rate df dosdeb byt | “dragrudder.” T | rudder in one direction or anothier the bomb's path of descent is controlled. tilting t Ax the projectile starts to fall, & sec | ond and very tiny parachute is lib ) the top of the bomb to sup- | port vertically a wire that serves the | purpose of an antenna. It is by the help of this antenna that the man in the alrplane is enabled so to operate the radio apparatus carried in his ma- chine as to alter at will the angle of the dragrudder. While the bomb is going down he circles about and steers it by radio. All he has to do to muke the bowmb turn this way or that is to turn a han- dle connected with his radio sender in the desired direction. Thus the | homb is made to land exactly where it will do the most good—meaning, of course, the most mischicf.—Milwaukee Sentinel. . | TERM OF ARABIAN ORIGIN? As the Story Goes, the Expression, | “Better Half” Comes to Us From the East. | ated fre Strictly sclentific searcheps for the origin of “the ‘expregsion “hetter half,” denoting one’s wife, have decided that coined by Sidney in his “Ar- “Arcadia” was - written in 1580. Lowever, the scientifie a cient Arabian tale cor less concerned with claim that an an- real old sen- oy origin of the expressi story tells of a bedouin who wa tenced because in the course of a blus- | Africa. | treats her like an ignorant and re- | ¢ re 3 omidii . Stesred by Wirel 0 l ::zmth:n ?flkg of the Bemidji Gus; for Deadly Work Are Almost “Equal Rights” Theory Has No Stand. «1\s! SR PERNISIES) | i otk | Beyond Calculation. ing Among Tribes of the African -:" . 1“1”1 ’lml ‘""‘ 'I‘ . L i ki ‘ | hitherto been régarded merely as |, Phone 175 and place your order Sltye Cont D W tortmnate mat ve wave | - NOW SHOWING found some useful employment for them at last! Woman is still the inferior sex in Muar still makes her the beast the salable chattel, and of burden, “In the Jug.” “n the jug” is fin expression that Was o1l the charaeteristics of siang | but 1t wars ndopted into our ‘own patois from that of the Scots, Jug, in this connection, doesn’t nean vessel, though it Is tempting ealcitrant child. With the Yorubas on the Slave coast, man’s chief occupa- tion scems to be to direct and Im- press women, Amoug - other - thin: rises and goes to heayen,” says thge i¥ the path of descent of the | versity of Pennsylvania Musew o traee the thought' of someone being changed at | Un, “a mari] dressed “in fhe, shrowd [y jall to the term off “bottled up.” The word itself §s derived from the Seottish “joug.”” a kKind of fron yoke or pillory for the liead, which years ago was ised inothe punishment of and eriminals, \When, years later, o round house of stone wa up fu, the market place for sueh ders, this prison was popularly “the stone jug.” This particn of the dead man, and With'x, waoder mask of the dead man’s face upon:him. haged i a private room withjthe times one strikes the ground threc bt with a stick, erying out ** ther! Father! answer The " oor man with the cor| an- in a deep volce, and everybody claps hands and rejoices, prison - ever constructed on Ever the o children are av soil, ) that it is the “Egun” who answers: - but frail woman is supposed not to ! know. Woe hetide her if she voices re Tolerable. i ‘-l. -'-‘.‘.:,.1 '{:'--‘.’:;.I,".I" t.-,:'.":’;{ It: Nhe s the Springfield Republican. Not develope iy Toal wefully rank, neighbor, We've s0 Myed in worse.—Boston ‘Lranscript. developed in many localities of Y Lakand into a kind of bogy whose fune- tion it ix to spirit away undesirailes— busybodies, scald: ndalmongel The women are although on occasion he will punish 2 man i that high-and-mighty member of society can ever be thought of any punishable offense! An A woman who threatens an “kEgun” with Honey Bee ls Prolific. fn Australin that it would be poss profituble. —e Have High Blood Temperatures. personal vielenee, or speaks evil of ) him, is punishable by nothing iess than | peratures than man, \\)11!1 the tew death, perature of birds runs higher yet, WORLD LOVES PLEASANT MAN | Simple Rules Wfi;h One May At. | tain Popularity, and Its Con- comitant, Power. Learn to laugh; a good laugh Is bets ter than medicine, Learn how to tell a story; a good o well told, is as welcome as 2 sunbeam in a sick-room. Learn to keep your, own troubles fo | yourself; the world is too busy to care for your ills and sorrows, Learn fo stop croaking; if you can- not see afy good in the world, keep the bad to yourself. His Photoplay Masterpiece— OTHER CITIES AT $2.00— agoston’s Rank as a Cly” head- he honey hee has heen so prolific ible to gnther honey in tons ir it were Most animals have higher blood tem- D. W. GRIFFITH Presents HERE at 50c—Plus Tax Shows Start Daily 2P.M.—7P.M.—9P. M. —NO PASSES— RE X MONDAY & TUESDAY - The Wild Desert Dancer More Fascinating Madcap ne’er threw careless Kiss. POLA NEGRI | In the Photomarvel “ONE ARABIAN NIGHT” The vivid romance of the Harem. The master-creation of Ernest Lubitsch, director of “Passion.” “The Peer of Oriental ' Dramas,” says National 4 Board of Review. A First National Attracticn ,mother then the earrings vanish eh- phemous oath he had insulted the i tirely.—Cieveland Plain Deale name or the honor of his chief. The Arab’s wife pleaded for clem- detlaring that not her “whole youvr;la\y where he will transact bus-| pon't forget the big dance at the iness for a few days. {old armory Tuesday evening, Nov. | 15th. Sthuck’s Whiriwind Interna- tionul-Jazz Orchestra. 6t11-15 . Learn to hide your aches and pains under pleasant smiles; no one cares | to hear whether you have headacnes, or rhet CHRISTMAS TOKENS of af- William Hines returned yesterday from Minneapolis where he has been | VOTED THE ¢ ' il employed for the past three months.| John Dechaineau had the misfor- THE “HOMELIEST MAN™ phowm S ey mmitted - the o (o meet your friends with a i e - !tunc to hurt the thumb and fore- " iy v good-humored man or woman ection are bes . Cash patd for Liberty bonds. G| 2BC u : ¢ | Editor of Nebraska Veteran’s Paper “Not your whole husband?” nasked ; 2 : 8. Hoonley, Northern Grocery Co. ngelii\n?:.h;s];,lfi?;ghand whlleetvork . Draws Women’s Decision at bg.p ihe sheik. § \‘4‘1(“\!“5’41‘)!![‘ the dyspeptic | arranged for now 1-19tt] y 3 partment Convention. “Nay” she replied. “It was bul isnot wnted Anywiere . | % —free from the Ahove all, gi pleasure; lose no s — the hall of him. For am 1 not his bustle and confu- . 1 | Tulip bulbs, per dozen, 50c. Nar- : ’ P Thomes, Wl sorifireeurnod Weénes'{‘cfssi, Jl:)nquels, Ii)al’fodils."fic dozen. Glenn H. Coffey, editor of the Mid- other half, and T who have never day morning from a business trip "°f'ru1ips,\50c dozen. Bemidji Floral Co. | Western Veteran of Lincolu, Neb., was offended thee should not be made to by s O Lsulfer for the sins of the other half, chance of giving pleasure. You will pass through this world but anee, sion of the holi- day season. Give RICE MAU his former home at Winnipeg, Can- 6 j L | 6t11-14 | adjudged the 5 7 tifei ; ' s ST e i | Parties from Devils Lake were in|at the convention der the protection of the better hatg» | 0 4 or am ess Lhul 3 ui ) s 11?\1“1:1%5:1111;‘;‘;";5 léfg‘;gg}gefiv?:;‘Bemidji Tuesday en route to Cass| of the Nebraska The sheik, so the story runs, there- | '"l_".'“l "; any l,'f‘"l"m l"l"”f{""" ,Im'_l,,l‘".f; Christmas — and e Ty Oscar Tyreon ot Lake where they will hunt for a fow | Depurtment =~ of npon pardoned the hushand, helng | 1€F 40 1t now'; do not defer or neslec i i Kelliher. ‘ | days. They pian to. reside in Bemidji| the American areatly pleased by the ingenuity of the | 0 o iiE e arrange for an |Huring the winter. Legion, but his | yife, | For you will not pass this way ) /7/'(.’30/7’3 9 appointment a t Men’s i P i photograph amain—Montreal Family Herald, y1 en’s -and young mon'd basket| nuo pick Van Arnum will leave L : p ! onec: ball shoes at $2.65 at Bemidji Shoe & duced herewith | Bride's Thrift Wasted Dowry. Fleas Have Their Uses. Bemidji Saturday morning for Brain- erd where she will visit at the home {of Mr. and Mrs. R. W. Bush for a raises the question of what is meant Store. 1t11-8 | Two daughters of a distinguished Vi- 5 & i e | entit family marricd in 1912, The| 'he next time you are worried by @ flew. do not be impatient with it Tt _ISLAND® | Grover Hines, who was operated on| by the homeliest y wor giri wedded 1 4 . s Wed'r‘lesplay for the removal of his weeksor. ten d’i‘i____ | man. o “l::m]‘::ex":,:v“lfi:::;;:i::: ":“::_:,' l”"]l"r:‘l\l:{} has its uses, remarks London Answers. S | tonlis, s Teported to be getting along| vouy friends can buy anything you| -The candidates F ilsory to brides i (he Austrian army, | Ghosow, whieh justly prides itse\C| - of Gdargmountdricraft GPiclure; i « can give them except your photo- for the “honor” Y mother gave fier 100,000 crowns, | on its municipal efliciency, |I'IH I‘ulv!)v' Ervine Hinshaw autoed to Duluth |g'2Ph. Hakkerup. 11-4¢f | were lined up on the stage of the con- yhich included the expense of her | Higcimorcd that even Banllmacel ity From the story by and transacted business for a_week.| o T ; vention hall at Tremont, and five qutfit. be-uiiliand i theqintorests o0l Robt. Louis Stevenson Miss Corinne Carlson, history | women decided their fate, based on The elder sister only needed her| The filters at its sewage purification i works become periodically choked with A roaring romance for boys | He returned to his Thursday. the uproarious applause that greeted each of the contestants as he arose. The second honors went to Lum Doyle, state* boxing commissioner of Ne- braska. “1 am deeply sensible of the unigque homor conferred upon me hy the con- vention,” Mr. Coffey said. “Some of ihe other contestants could hardly bhe classed as matinee idols, but T feel ‘that T was elected entirely upon my merits.” . outlit, for which she got 20,000 crowns, while the rest of her dowry—S0,000 erowns—was left with the mother, as was also the whole portion of the son, | who had setiled in Switzerland. Itecently, says the New York World, | the mother, a widow, wished to pay in full the portion of the two children to whom she still owed money, She sent | 100,000 crowns to the son in Switzer- lund, who received 800 franes from the postoflice " for the totul amount. His, sister got 646 francs for the 80,(;00: erowns due her, The younger girl's| 00,000 crowns would have heen worlh | ENDANGERS SECURITY OF U. S.| 105000 francs in 101 M#s. C. A. Knopke was called to = Manhattan Post of Legion Condemne A Nose for Trade. Actlon of, Navy Department in An Auburn (Mo, merchant named teacher at Nashwauk, came to Bemidji _this morning to spend é\rmisticu Day No portrait is so completely satis-!a"d the weel end wict her parents, fying as one made by a professional!Mr‘ and (Mrs, A. T. Carlson. hotograoher: % CAtE | ¢ photographer. Hakkerup. a 4“; A hunting party composed of Ray Mr. and Mrs. W. Z. Robincon and. LoWle and, Earle Towle of Bemidji Mrs. 3. H. Koors motored to Minnea- 2nd Orm_ Kendall and' Clarence polis yesterday and expeet to be gone | Tnorpe of Parkers Prairie left Wed- until Sunday.. 1 inesday ‘for Maple Ridge to hunt big | gpm . N Will Sarff, who has looked after‘i business interests near Bemidji r| A 4 the past ek Bouend tocll?il:'h;lofgé son why Koors Pasteurized milk and it o iy :ream “Ends the Quest for the Best.” at Eagle Bend today. & . 10-5¢f You’ll be pleased. if, when ordering | ilk i 1 | ‘I?:mrs r;:;t;r::ixz‘egc::n?lrk’you aslko_g‘é;'Alexandria; vesterday by a message | stating that her mother, Mrs. A. W. home at Wilton ! ‘ learing nway a gelatinous matter, th of which was very costly. “The local authorit ha now enlisted lnrge numbers of insects of the flea tribe, and the results are rerarkuble. Each of these_luse absorhs rl:lll‘ and girls 'twixt nine and ninety ! DENISON & BURGESS VETERINARIANS Bemidji, Minn. “A Dandy Light” —BAT. & SUN.— Declares Padlox Visit onr plant and learn the rea- i COMMENCING SATURDAY o 5 . s | Wilcov, had been seriously injured by i 00, kx:_unet Hines of Hines is the guest |\ (V2 [ been sarousy Ioure L by Releasing 200,000 Mombers, Myers decided to quit business and | of his uncle and aunt, Mr. and Mrs. 2,135 VIS Knopke left on the § S " i "k i (it F. L. Hines and family, 1100 Bel-|® clock train for that place. That the seccurity of the United fiernd fo soll s gk fo.n hm"‘m"l. MUHNING trami avenue, today. | 4 s ] States ix endangered by the releasa of the |u~l,.|||u‘ulnvmv| named ."I‘ Daa Miss Inez Geil and Fletcher Grim- | pv the Nav = ) ' weather at whai it Invoiced, $1L900. | — by the Navy department of nearly s 3 - 9 won't take it at that,” said Merri- o7 ¢ 1 2 Tur ooy e Mr. and Mrs. George Yates moved | ©/dby motored to Turtle River yes-| 99000 members of the naval rexerve R o weather, “I'll give you 235 cents for SALE OF LADIES' AND MISSES COATS AT '19.75 here this week from Duluth and have | terday to bring Mrs. Vaida Pepper. |y 100, is the opini cmbers | taken apartments at 1110 B;ltramiiw}m teaches school in that vicinity |\ll“|:1(l;1 :; "l'm'":':,‘u"lm" )zrl ""'l\nhc_ljl”t pvery article and’ puckage in the | to the home of her parents, Mr. and | Mnhattal ! Dost, americnn . g s thought of his big line | ) avenue. Mr. Yates is on the exnress ear, his' run being from Bemidji to Sauk Center. Legion, New York, who have adopted ( u resolution terming the dropping of the reservists as “breaking the back of the reserves.” The Manhattan post is composed or Iate and lead pencils worth a cent | Two men were | hired to help cheek up, Slafe penetls, clothespins, packages of chewing gum of pins were listed at 25 { Mrs. George McTazgart, to spend the | week end. apiece and ag Koors Pasteurized milk and+cream ~ve sure to please. 10-5tf For a good, square meal attend the? Royal Neighbors chicken supper Sat- This Coleman Quick-Lite gives a | urday evening, November 12. from! . | former navy enlisted men and offi- eopgs ench e antomobile tives, | | : 5 to 8 o’clock at Moose hall. Tickets | I..Joyd Swgdbcrg attended to busi- | cors. The post has made a carveful juprels P Ao i 300 candle-power light uf‘ 'l’{l{xlg 50 cents. 3t11-12:;‘?°5dma“°"§ AL Mlgnequ'h"for a| study of naval affuirs and has e wias worth as much as o 30-yard holt | w!ntg h"”m".(';" ne ;:I;r?- °|' dnits homas Wils ilv of Win_| 3 s 4 ucna - reparedne, ¢ 3 i S " ¢ washy. Jon edgfemiiy 2 naval preparelics. auther hoyght th: stock for $1,t » | won’t blow out in the wildest x inches of snow and real winter AR A ~ | Vista. He reports ¢ ; oleed.~ nin-e, Canada, are i i f i i to the proserty :"mlanvgr_‘xg this week i the “rwin Cit: avenue, which they. recently pur-iweath"' chased of Adolph Christianson. Mr. | Wilson is an ex-service man, having enlisted in the World war while a resident of Canada. He was also or just 175 less than it fy Capper’s Week storm, can't spill or explode, costs than one-half cent per. hour o burn, uses ordinary motor gaso- line, i» built of brass, is always ready for instant use, and gives an altogether ideal light. The resolution points out that with- out, ‘the maintenance of a complete naval, reserve force, the government) Jack< €ufficient trained mefi” to man| the“ships and stations of 'the mvy’ An entery ne company; in the in time of war. - | Sudan bad decided to lay -u railway S [ into the wilds, and tmany blacks were | le 'IMade Quite Sure. O A A Mrs. N. E. Givenis expected home tomorrow morning from Range towns where she has visited . for the past three weeks. At Aurora, Minn., she Now is the time to buy Clothes { badly disabled while in.action, but is|:.; Y - | now considernbly imiFoved in health: v1sx€€(l .}ggr‘ littlé_daughter, Jean, her Cause of Mirth. Lemploged ih its construetion. ; | . i s pmotherihea iy “érffl Given-McGhee, | Wiien e young mistress of (he| One day the telograph clerk at the | fars, Iroging, Boards, Wash | _ Bulby for winter flowering. Hya-|go'q ,;‘:,%h;‘:vn’g rerapand Len, 2l o entered the Kitchen she earried | nesrect civilized spotreceived a_fele. | Doards, Wash | Boilers, C lothes. || NO APPROV ALS - NO TELE- = mtnch;.l N:érclssl, (;h(xlnesc Sacdred Lily, [ itod (0% cistat ond tholy” fooniticn It with great dignity, She bad,|gram from the nezro foreman of the | R (“:):ll “;‘\'/‘;(A):;rl.]:um-——(,ud Seat- | cte. Plant your indoor garden now.! .t Koeewati i s fible as it might seem, come to! ynilway constructors: “White boss s, Coal 5. Demidji Floral Co. 6t11-14 watin, Minn. i eall the cook to accouut, Ddead. Shall T bury him?? | 3 ' P NE ORDERS‘ CASH ONLY | Lamp, fancy shade. ..$9.50 | i ; — | C..E, Grinager moved his family “Bridget,” she said, “I must insist| “Ye wired back the cerk. “But e . ‘] h ia “$8 50 ; “r. and Mrs. Samuel La Blen and | yesterday from 417 Minnesota ave. | You have less company in the kitchen | first make sure that he is quite dead. I{lel’v piain shade ......9D. { Coleman Lantern $7.50 children, Celia and’ Morris, of T\ nue to the apartments G sEaia il send another white boss tomor- above the store | | tavan, Saskatchewan, Can., are guests ' he:hgs recently chase: Y for a short fime of Mr. and Mrd: Fred! o s Gath Shrchased and remod- Petra, at 1005 pi avenue. moving today to the house vacated Mrs. La Blen is a daughter of Mrs. by the Grinagers; and Robert Brown- Petra‘.’\ml a sister of Leon, Edmond lee, who purchased the house the and Edward J_uwett, of this city. It|Shannons are vacating at 817 Minne- is the first time the brothers have sota avenue, will move his family seen their gister for 17 years. \frmn Mill Park to that residence, No. 2 Cold Blast Lan- tern PADLOX says: C. E. BATTLES HARDWARE | | 2 e . . bl = o $1.50 Buy good ones at | A few hours luter another tel wram came from the foreman: “Buried Made sure he was quite dead, | 1 with 2 shovel” | your women 3 “Yes, mam, I know,” Bridget admit- !tod cheerfully, “but she couldw’t help | hoss. I, T was telling her how you tried| Hit him on the he: to make cake rday morning."— | T | American Leglon Weekly. | THE PIONEER WANT ADS; o I BRING RESULTS i O’LEARY-BOWSER IIIIlIIIIIlIllIIIIIIlIIHIHIIIIIIHIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE ——