Bemidji Daily Pioneer Newspaper, March 8, 1920, Page 2

TREAT DISEASES OF ONION PLANT "‘Smut Works Overtime in Trying to Snuff Out Young Seedlings by Forming Blisters. FUNGUS CAUSE OF AILMENT 1 Control of Trouble Is Accomplished by Changing Location of Bed teo ) Clean Soil—Also Plant Sets . i Instead of Seed. |@Prepared by the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture.) Maybe it is because of its strong ;amell. Anyway there is some mag- jloflc attraction which apparently idraws disease of various kinds and iconditions to the onfon crop. Take, :for instance, onion smut. It works overtime In trying to snuff out the |young seedlings by forming brownish 'Black, elongated blisters which finally split the leaves and expose the pow- dery black mass of spores within the faterior of the blister. A specifie fangus causes this onfon ailment, the spores wintering in ‘the ground and again attacking the young seedlings in the spring. The onion is susceptible to the fun- gus ‘only while in the young seedling stage. After the plants reach a height of three to four inches they become fmmune te further infection. Smut spreads slowly in the seil, but am infested area in a fleld will gradually BDecome larger and more severely dis- @ased each year onlons are grown on such an area. The spores are spread en farm implements, the feet of men and animals, by surface water, and in dust carried by the air. Purchasers of enion sets should use caution that they do not contaminate the soil by planting smutted sets. Control is accomplished in home gar- dens by changing the location of the onion bed to clean soil, or by planting sets instead of seed. In large com- mercial onion districts of the northern states formaldehyde solution is ap- plied in the furrow with the seed, as this disinfectant holds the fungus in check. One fluld ounce of 37 to 40 per cent formaldehyde solution is used ‘with each gallon of water, this diluted solution being applied at the rate of 200 gallons per acre or 1 gallon to 185 feet of row. Farmers’ bulletin No. 1080, recently issued by the United States department of agriculture, de- scribes in detall the apparatus used in applying this fungus-destroying seed protector. As a rule, it costs about $5 an acre to insure the onion crop against smut losses in thfs manner. It is advised that the tops of diseased onlons be burned after harvest in or- der to prevent the return of infected onion refuse to the soil. The spread- ing of waste from onlon warehouses is a bad practice. A Destructive Plant Disease. Onion mildew or blight is some- times serious in the cooler and more humid onion districts. The diseuse commonly starts in the field In spots and spreads to the surrounding areas, its development being greatly aided by moist weather. It centralizes its at- tack on the leaves, which turn yellow, become covered with furry growth, and eventually collapse. The disease occurs wherever onions are grown ex- tensively, although the control varies in different sections. A fungus causes the disease, the furry masses on the affected leaves being branches of the fungus, which bear abundant spores. Warm weather promotes spore ger- mination, and hence is favorable to the spread of the disease. As the spores winter in the onion field, an officient crop rotation is one commendable method of control, the supplementary growing of cabbages, potatoes, and sugar beets with onions being valuable. Good soil drainage also helps to reduce the blight, sinece it deercases the moisture in the air near the surface of the soil. Good air drainage of the fields is ailso es- sentinl so that excessive dew and fog may be avoided. Rosin fish-0il soap as a sticker, makes the use of bor- deaux mixture effective in controlling onion mildew. The Dbordeaux mix- ture consists of four pounds of cop- per sulphate, four pounds of quick- lime, three pounds of rosin fish-ofl soap, mixed with water to make a 50- gallon solution. Complete directions for making this spray are furnished in the department of agriculture bul- letin. Onion leaf mold is a disease of minor importance except in Louisiana and California, where it occasionally causes large losses. It occurs in mid-season and causes the tips of the leaves to die back. No satisfactory control has been perfected. Strict attention to sanitary meas- wures and careful sorting of diseased bulbs at harvest time are the chief means of controlling Fusarium rot, which reduces the roots to a mass of white moldy growth. Onion smudge, confined largely to the white varieties, results in a smudgy, unsightly appearance of the bulbs and an ultimate reduction im the market quality of the crop. As the disease is dependent largely on abundant moisture, special care is nec- essary in handling the white varieties. The crop should be harvested quickly, avolding any exposure to rain if pos- sible. They should be stacked in an open shed and allowed to cure thor- oughly. The white sets should be placed in thin layers in shallow crates. THE BEMIDJI DAILY PIONEER AMERICANS AND MEXICANS CO-OPERATE FOR FIRST TIME This photograph is remarkable in that it shows Texas rangers und Mexican fiscales working together to sup- press crime along the Rio Grande, for the first time in the history of the border, the Rio Grande to talk with members of Company B of the Texas rangers. The fiscales are shown crossing W “tyeaty,” have made the cattle rustier or whisky runner only a name, and in the Klondike rush that seething min- ing camp of Dawson was gs safe as an eastern haimlet. During the regime of the riders of the plains Canada’s western domain passed from & country of tribal conflict through the rallway stage, when our first great transcon- tinental was thrown across the prairle without provoking strife with the orig- inal owners of the country, to the pe- riod of peaceful settloment and the up- buflding of modern cities, and in these varied stages the famous force adapt- ed itself to the conditions without loss in effectiveness or of the sincere re- gard of the complex population. Won th~ Indian. In dealing with the Indian tribes the Royal Northwest Mounted police did invaluable service. They won not only the confidence of Indians in Canada, but also of the flerce Sioux whe sought refuge in Capada after the Ouster massacre. They made treaties and kept them. When Pie-a-Pot, a warllke Cree chief, came south with his band and held up the construction of the Cana- dian Pacific, a sergeant and constable of the police arrived, entered the hos- tile camp, arrested the old chief sur- rounded by his braves, and landed him in jail. He was a good Indian after- wards, keeping his treaty during the halfbreed outbreak in 1885, The most famous international case was that of Sitting Bull, the noted Sioux chief, who in 1876 had wiped out the command of the brilliant, impetu- ous Custer. Chiefs White Eagle, Little Knife, Black Moon, and finally the no- torious Sitting Bull, crossed the line. Including thelr families nearly 4,000 fierce Sioux were in Canadian terri- tory, and to see that they did not use Canada as a base against the United States or inflame our own Tndians there were In that area only 200 police. Inspector Walsh rode alone into Sit- ting Bull’'s camp and read the riot act to him. Surrounded by his braves the fierce Sioux threatened the inspector, who placed his revolver at the Chief’s head and told him plainly that If there was trouble there might be a new in- spector in the police but there cer- tainly would be a new chief of the Siogx. When, finally after years of constant watching, Walsh prevailed on the Sioux to surrender to the United States authorities, Sitting Bull gave Walsh his war bonnet In recognition of the “bravest man he had ever met.” Even during the rebeilion in 1885 the great tribes remained true to the po- lice and only a few joined with the Metis under Louis Reil. It was the respect that the Indians had for the “scarlet and gold” that saved western Canada at that period from gravest disaster. 2 Deeds of Indiviaual Bravery. Tt was not alone in keeping the In- dians in check that the police showed bravery and tact. Col. Sam Steele, who commanded the Strathcona Horse In South Africa, rose from a sick bed, faced and arrested the ringleaders of several hundred infuriated armed rail- way strikers in the Rockies. But it was in the long patrol of the terrible North that the best traditions of the force have been preserved. They plunged into these unknown wastes, hundreds of miles, sometimes alone, sometimes in pairs, facing an arctic winter to rescue the unfortu- nate or capture the wrongdoer. Deeds were done that, if {n other flelds, would have won the highest decorations. Many won through, but others sleep in that Northland waste, martyrs to duty. On the Fort Resolution and Dawson patrol, in 1911, Inspector Fitz- gerald and three companions lost their lives. Fitzgerald failing to arrive at his destination, Dempster was ordered to find Fitzgerald with instructions: “Bear in mind, nothing is to stand in your way until you get in touch with this party.” Dempster started into the wilds of the terrible arctic winter and, hundreds of miles from the post of civilization, found Fitzgerald’s com- panions lying together, with hands crossed and faces covered. Fitzgerald had cared for his comrades until they died, and even after death. Then he pushed on, but was found with afary and mail bag under his body, protect- ing it to the last. In his pocket was found his will, written with a charcoal stick, leaving everything to his mother and concluding: “God bless you all. F. J. Fitzgerald. R. N. W. M. P.” He, like many others of the force, had paid the penalty of the arctic pa- trel. It took Inspector French two years and an arctic patrol of 5,000 miles to investizate the murder of Red- WHITE HOUSE STILL STANDS AGAINST SIEGE OF CAMERA POINTERS News Photographers and Movie “Shooters” Get Busy On Notables (By United Press) Officials declare that the heaviest camera barrage in the world is that periodically laid down in front of the entrance to the White House execu- tive offices. Commercial and news photogra- phers unite with battalions of .movie men in formidable and disconcerting array whenever a group of distin- guished visitors or some labor com- mittee or other body temporarily in the limelight appears for a confer- ence. Occasionally a lone caller regarded as “good film” by the discerning cameramen is “shot” going in and coming out. The day may be ch.il and the skies overcast but the victim is mercilessly subjected to the ordeal of the lens, in order that the paper- reading or movie-going public may be regaled later with his image. The true test of sang froid around the White House used to be a draw- ing-room entry at one of the recep- tions when names were al‘l’dly- called and- the arrival advan beneath hundreds of inquiring eyes into the presence of the chief executive. Now- adays, the courageous or retiring na- ture is brought out by the men with the boxes. The “stance” of some offi- cials high in government counsels is very.poor when the movie machines turn loose. On the other hand, many display talents unfortunately lost to cinema studios with “careless but knobby”’ poses. The news film men still speak ad- miringly: of the great form of the Prince of Wales. On the occasion of his recent visit to 'President Wilson he stood, walked, smiled and talked with endless patience whiie the cellu- loid was ground out. Secretary Joseph P. Tumulty is the “best bet” of any official, but he cannot be classed as an amateur, having faced the cameras about as often as a movie idol. All the ingenuity and persistence of the cameramen frequenting the executive offices at present is directed toward obtaining pictures of Presi- dent Wilson. Their efforts have not yet gained them the necessary per- mission and the attempt to photo- graph the President from a load of hay was broken up by Secret Service operatives. RE-ENLIST: EXTRA BONUS. St. Paul, March 6.—Minnesota sol- diers, who re-enlist in the army now, will receive extra bonus of $15 a month from the date of their re- enlistment until war with Germany is officially declared ended, accord- ing to a ruling by the bonds board. The local recruiting station army men predicted that the ruling will mean a boom to re-enlitsments. 1he only way the state can prevent pay- ment of the $15 a month for the ex- tra time is by action by the State Legislature. A A A A A A A A A A A A IS ford (American) and Street (Cana- dian) by Eskimo within the arctie cir- clee. He found the Eskimo had acted in self-defense and no ar rests were made. Inspector La Nauze chased the Eskimo murderer of Fa- thers Rouvier and Le Roux through the islands of the Arctic ocean, but finally arrived in Edmonton with his prisoners. They were found guilty, but the sentence was commuted to imprisonment for life among their own people, which means living under po- lice supervision. They were in- capable of realizing the serlousness of thelr crime. Leaving Edmonton to go back to arctic solitude they cried like children on being separated from the big inspector who had captured them and brought them to trial. Now a police post on Coronation gulf has been established, and these simple children of the North are learning re- sponsibility. Always Did Their Best. Struggling through the arctic wilds a lone policeman has brought a maniae etrapped on a dog sleigh to civiize- tion. Alone with the madmae facing the most terrible storms, he hus wol through. But all do mut win through, ag 3=w@ WHITE EARTH INDIANS - WILL BE PROTECTED Minneapolis, March 6.—The Unit- ed States government is preparing to wage a finish fight on behalf of the poor, full blooded Chippewa Indians of the White Earth reservations sit- uated in Becker, Mahnomen and Clearwater counties, according to C. U. Landrum, special assistant to At- torney General Palmér. Mr. Landrum, who has been in charge of the litigation and investi- gations for the last year, returned to Minneapolis from a conference at ‘Washington. Several years ago the government began its investigations of the frauds practiced on these Indians in connec- tion with the sale.of their lands, Mr. Landrum said. Several thousand acres of land and more than $600,000 have been recovered for them, he added. FARMERS DENOUNCE RADICAL ALLIANCE Chicago, March 6.—The American Farm Bureau Federation, at the clos- ing session of its annual meeting adopted a resolution denouncing the attempt to ally the agriculturists of America with the radicals of the in- dustrial world. The federation is composed of 1,280,000 members of farm bureaus in 38 states. Other resolutions indorsed the American Legion, and conservation of health and industry, condemning strikes and legislation tending to levy a tax of one per cent on land holdings in. excess of $10,000. § The executive committee departed for Washington, where they will pre- sent the federation’s program to Congress. They will also decide on permanent headquarters. Armor. The invention of some form of pro- tective covering or armor for the body dates back a long way in the history of the world. Homer, in the Iliad, the story of the great siege of Troy by the Greeks, which was written some hun- dreds of years before the Christias era, has much to say, incidentally, about armor. He describes more than once the full armor of an anclent Greek warrior, greaves, corselet, hel- met, shield, sword and spear, and tells us how e¢ach article was put on. Greaves are metal or leather protec- tions for the legs, in fact, something very like a pair of modern cricket pads. One contingent of Greeks, at the siege of Troy, seeias to have made a gpecialty of them, for they are con- ih:inUy referred to as “well-greaved Achaeans."—Christian Sclence Moni- tor. A. Brose TOBACCONIST 400 Minnesota Avenue Keeps the best stock of Tobacco in the Northwest, We do Pipe Re- also Pipes. pairing. A R, SORE THROAT Eases Quickly When You Apply a Little Musterole. And Musterole won't blister like the old-fashioned mustard plaster. Just spread it on with your fingers. it penetrates to the sore spot with a gentle tingle, loosens the congestion and draws out the soreness and pain. Musterole is a clean, white oint- ment made with oil of mustard. It is fine for quick relief from sore throat, bronchitis, tonsilitis, croup, stiff neck, asthma, neuralgia, headache, congestion, pleurisy, rheumatism, lum- bago, pains and aches of the back ot joints,sprains,soremuscles, bruises,chil- blains, frosted feet, colds on the chest. Nothing like Musterole for croupy chil- dren. Keep it handy for instant use. 30c and 60c jars; hospital size $2.50. HORSE COLLARS OF STEEL. 1 i A horse collar of steel instead of leather has come into use in Franc. | The demand for harness has been | enormous during the past [ew ! months and it continues to be very heavy in the northern departments of France. All the available har- ness has been sold at good prices, and there continues to be a dearth, on account of the shortage of leather. Attention is therefore be- ing given to pressed steel collars. | Lightness and comparative cheap- neas are points in their favor. Subscribe for the Pioneer. QUICK RELIEF FROM CONSTIPATION Get Dr. Edwards’ Olive Tablets That is the joyful cry of thousands since Dr. Edwards produced Olive Tablets, the substitute for calomel. No griping results from these s little tablets. They cause the liver and bowels to act normally. They never force them to unnatural action. Dr. Edwards’ Olive Tablets are a soothing, healing, vegetable compound ixcd with olive oil. 1f you have a bad taste, bad breath, fee! ‘dull, tired, are constipated or F bilious, youw’ll find quick and sure re- sults frora Dr. Edwards’ little Olive Tablets at bedtime. 10c and 25¢ a box. G A Soothing Treat OOD ICE CREAM s a welcome treat for the convalescent and is just as wholesome and nourishing as it is delicious. KOORS ICE CREAM - SUPREME I happy smiles, white teeth, good appetites and digestions. its benefits are as GREAT as Its cost is SMALL! It satisfies the desire for sweets,. and is beneficial, t00. Sealed Tight UNITED Kept Right Defective