Bemidji Daily Pioneer Newspaper, December 1, 1916, Page 3

i FRIDAY., DECEMBER 1, 1916. rIRST GRAND OPERA Peri’s “Dafne” Marked the Start of a New Era In Music. WAS SUNG ONLY IN PRIVATE. Its Performances Were Confined to the Palace of Corsi, and the Score Is Lost to the World—-The First Opera Given ‘ In Public Was “Eurydice.” There is no form of music so gener- ally popular with all classes today as opera—the combination of action and muysic. Opera has made extensive strides during the last century, al- though its origin is very remote, It came through a gradual course of de- velonment from almost the beginning of vie Christian era. Earliest libret- tists were such eminent men as Aeschylus and Sophocles, who accom- panled their spoken drama with a band of lyres and flutes, Jut grand opera as we understand it - soday originated about the end of the '; sixteenth century, when Jacopo Perf’s opera “Dafne” was first presented. It riginated through the gathering of a agll party of music lovers at the ane of a IMlorentine nobleman. These «atrons of art set themselves in the splrit of the renaissance to rediscover the music of the Greek drama. Theories grew into actualities when a performance of “Dafne” was cele- brated in the palace of Corsi in 1595. This opera was successfully performed several times, but always in private, and now the score is not discoverable. The public had the privilege of hear- ing opera five years later, when two settings of “Eurydice” were made, one by Peri and the other by Caccini. Both the operas were produced in part ., during the marriage celebration of {Henry IV. and Marie de Medici at the it palace on Oct. 6, 1600. —=>’Measuring the accomplishments of these enthusiasts .with the opera of not many years later, the former must appear ridiculous and very wide of the mark. But L at7least was a step in an untrodden path. Opera was now on a basis which admitted of develop- ment. Its reer had begun., “Huryd era ever perform work excited an ¢ of attention.- The score w Tshed 1In Florence in 1600 and was dedicated to Marie de Medici, and it was printed in 1608 in Venice, a copy of the latter being well preserved in the library of the British museum. For fifty years “Eurydice” remained the luxury of nobles, being performed only before courts during special fes- tivals. Monteverde added the over- ture to the Peri opera. The next important operatic work to be produced was that of Monteverde, entitled “Orfeo,” which was present- ed in 1607, and a year later “Arianna.” These two operas left Perl and his comrades far In The réar. Work along this line developed slowly until 1687, when the Teatro di San Cassiano was opened at Venice, which was the first public opera house. Now that the masses had a voice in the matter, it soon became evident that the people must be pleased and the Florentine ideals forgotten. Later in the century the melody of the aria was enriched by two compos- ers named Cavalli and Cesti. The op- era, by stimulating solo singing and by reviving a taste for the beauties of popular melody, supplies the necessary incentive for the elaborating of sweet sounding and finished melodic themes. Cavalli was a tireless worker, and he produced close to forty different op- eras, none of which has survived. Scarlatti, who followed, was another tireless worker, his first opera having been produced in Rome in 1679, after which he brought out more than sixty others, From that period to the pres- ent day the Italian composer has held his place with the greatest of any countries and has produced more op- eras than all the other countries com- bined. The earliest operas in France were composed by Lulli at the end of the seventeenth century and Rameau at the beginning of the eighteenth cen- tury, but they were little more than imitations of the Italian style. The basis of the French opera was laid by Gluck in the latter half of the eight- eenth century. Meyerbeer, Rossini, Gounod and Thomas represented the most popular of the successors of Gluck, with the more modern Massenet and Charpentier. . In Germany until the rise of Wagner the opera was marked by little na tlonal originality. Mozart was the first opera writer among the German com- posers. To Weber especially will re- main the glory of having first founded a distinet German operatic style.— Washington Post. HK KKK KKK KKK KKK KX % BSubscribe for the Pionmeer. ¥ KK KKK KKK KKK KKK KK DOES RHEUMATISM 'BOTHER You? Many Doctors Use Musterole So many sufferers have found relief in Musterole that you ought to buy a small jar and try it. Just spread it on with the fingers. Rub it in, First you feel a gentle glow, then a delicious, cooling comfort. Musterole routs the twinges, loosens up stiffened joints and muscles, Musterole is a clean, white ointment, made with oil of mustard. 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