Bemidji Daily Pioneer Newspaper, December 6, 1910, Page 8

TAFT'S MESSAGE . UP TO CONGRES [Continued from Page 5] for tariff purposes is that ‘the question of the rate of a duty imposed shall be- come moreyof a business question and less of a political question, to be as- certained by experts of long training and accurate knowledge. The halt in ‘business and the shock to business due to the announcement that a new tariff bill is to be prepared and put in op- eration will be avoided by treating the schedules one by one as occasion shall arise for a change in the rates of each and only after a report upon the sched- ule by the tariff board competent to make such report. ‘ It is not likely that the board will be able to make a report during the present session of congress on any of ‘the schedules, because a proper exam- ination involves an enormous amount ‘of detail and a great deal of care, but 1 hope to be able at the opening of the new congress, or ‘at least during the session of that congress, to bring to its attention the facts in regard to those schedules in the present tariff that may prove to need amendment. The carrying out of this plan, of course, involves the full co-operation of congress in limiting the considera- tion in tariff matters to one schedule at a time, because if a proposed amendment to a tariff bill is to in- volve a complete consideration of all the schedules and another revision then we shall only repeat the evil from which the business of this coun- try has in times past suffered most grievously by stagnation and uncer- ‘tainty, pending a resettlement of a law affecting all business directly or indirectly, and the effect of which no wise business man would ignore in new projects and new investments. The inquiries which the members of the tariff board made during the last summer into the methods pursued by other governments with reference to the fixing of tariffs and the determina- tion of their effect upon trade show that each government maintains an office or bureau, the officers and em- ployes of which have made their life work the study of tariff matters, of foreign ‘and home prices and cost of articles imported and the effect of the tariff upon trade, so that whenever a whange is thought to be necessary in ithe tariff law this office is the source «of the most reliable information as to the propriety of the change and its effect. I am strongly convinced that we mneed in this government just such an office and that it can be secured by ‘making the tariff board already ap- pointed a permanent tariff commission. with such duties, powers and emolu- ments as it may seem wise to congress to give. T recommend that congress establish ‘a commission to determine as early as practicable a comprehensive policy for the organization, mobilization and ad- ministrafion of the regular army, the organized milifia and the volunteer forces in the event of war. Need for Additional Officers. One of the great difficulties in the prompt organization and mobilization of militia and volunteer forces is the absence of competent officers of the rank of captain'to-teach the new army, by the unit of the company. the busi- ness of being soldiers and of taking care of themselves so as to render effective service. This need of army officers can only be supplied by pro- visions of law authorizing the appoint- ment of a greater number of army officers than are needed to supply the commands of regular army troops now -enlisted in the service. In order that the militia of each state should be properly drilled and ‘made more like ‘the regular army, reg- ‘ular army officers should be detailed *to assist the ‘adjutant general of each state ‘in the supervision of the stute milifia. But this is impossible unless provision ‘is made 'by congress for a very considerable ‘increase in the number of company and fie]d officers of the army. Fortifications. T have directed 'that the estimates for appropriation for the improvement of coast defenses in the United States should be reduced to a minimum, while those for the completion of the needed fortifications at Corregidor, in the Philippine islands, and at Pearl Harbor. in the Hawaiian islands, should be expedited as much as pos- sible. . During the last summer at my re- quest the secretary of war visited the Philippine islands and has described his trip in his report. He found the islands in a state of tranquillity and growing prosperity, due largely to the change in the tariff laws, which has opened the markets of America to the products of the Philippines and has. opened the Philippine markets to American manufactures. Panama Canal. At the instance of :Colonel Goethals, ‘the army engineer ‘officer in charge of ‘the work:on the Panama canal, I have just made ‘a visit to the isthmus to in- ‘spect the work done and to consult «with him on the ground as to certain ‘problems which are likely to arise in ‘the near future. The progress of the ‘work is ‘most satiSfactory. If no un- ‘expected obstacle presents itself the canal will be completed well within ‘the time fixed by Colonel” Goethals— to wit, Jan. 1, 1915—and within the estimate :of cost, $375,000,000. Among questions arising for present solution is the decision whether the wanal shall be fortified. I have al- ready stated to the congress that I strongly favor fortification, and I now reiterate this opinig‘n and ask your St it . consideration - of the sub ect light of the report already ‘before you made by a competent board If in our:discretion we believeé mod- ern fortifications to be necessary to the adequate protection and policing of the canal, then it is out dutyto constryct them. We have built the canalvj. It is our property. By conven- tion we Have indicated ourdesire for and indeed undertaken its universal and equal use; ‘It is also well known that one of the chief objects in the construction of the canal has-been to increase ‘the military vefl'ectiveness of our navy. ([Failure to fortify the canal would leave the attainment of both. these Aims in the position of rights and ob- ligations which we should be power- less to enforce and which could never in any other way be absolutely safe- guarded against a desperate and irre- sponsible enemy. ' In determining what the tolls in the canal should be we certainly ought not to insist that \tor a good many years to come they should amount-to enough to pay the interest on.the in- vestment of ~ $400,000,000 which the United States has made in the con- struction of the canal. We ought not | to do this, first, because the henefits to be derived by the United States from this expenditure are not to be measured solely by a return upon the investment. ’ My own impression is'that the tolls ought not to exceed $1 per net ton. On Jan. 1, 1911, the tolls in the Suez canal are to be 7 francs and 28 cen- times for one net ton by Suez canal measurement, which is a modification of Danube measurement. A dollar a ton will secure under the figures above a gross annual income from the Pan- ama canal of nearly $7,000,000. The cost of maintenance and operation is estimated to ‘exceed $3,000,000. The next question that arises is as to the maintenance, management and general control of the canal after its completion. It should be premised that it is an essential part of our navy establishment to have the coal, oil and other ship supplies, a drydock and re- pair shops conveniently located with reference to naval vessels passing through the canal. Now, if the gov- ernment for naval purposes is to un- dertake to furnish these conveniences to the navy, and they ar¢ conveni- ences equally required by commercial vessels, there would seem to be strong reasons why the government should take over and, include in its manage- ment the furnishing not only to the navy, but to the public, drydbck and repair shop facilities and the sale of coal, oil and other ship supplies. The maintenance of a lock canal of this enormous size in a sparsely pop- ulated country and in the tropics, where the danger from disease is al- ways present, requires a large and complete and well trained organiza- tion with full police powers, exercis- ing the utmost care. I cannot close this reference to the canal without suggesting as a wise amendment to the interstate .com- | merce law a provision prohibiting in- terstate commerce railroads from own- ing or - controlling ships engaged in the trade through the Panama canal. I believe such a provision may be | needed to save to the people of . the United States the benefits of the com- petition in trade between the Eastern and Western seaboards which this canal was constructed to secure. Departmerit of Justice. I am glad to say that under the ap- propriations made for the department of justice the.attorney general has so improved its organization that a vast. amount of litigation of a civil and criminal character has been disposed of during the current year. This will explain the necessity for slightly in- creasing the estimates for the ex- penses of the department. His report shows the recoveries made on behalf of the government, of duties fraud- ulently withheld, public lands improp- erly patented, fines and penalties for trespass, prosecutions and convictions under the anti-trust law and prosecu- tions under interstate commerce law. 1 invite especial attention to the prosecutions under the federal law of the so’ called ‘“‘bucket shops” and of "those schemes to defraud in which the use of the mail is an essential part of the fraudulent conspiracy, prosecu- tions which have saved ignorant and weak members of the public and are saving them millions of dollars. The violations of the anti-trust law present perhaps the most importunt litigation before the department, and the number of cases filed shows the activity of the government in enfore- ing that statute. Judicial Procedure. One great crying need in the United States is cheapening the cost of litiga- tion by simplifying judicial procedure and expediting final judgment. Under present conditions the poor man is at a woeful disadvantage in a legal con- test with a corporation or a rich op- ponent. The necessity for the reform exists both in United States courts and in all state courts. In order to bring it about, however, it naturally falls to the general government by its example to furnish a‘model to all states. A legislative commjission ap- pointed by joint resolution of congress to revise the procedure in the United States courts has as yet made no re- port. I am strongly convinced that the ‘best method of improving judicial pro- cedure at law is to empower the su- preme court to do it through the me- dium of the rules of the court,;as in equity. This is the way in which it has been done in England. Relief of Supreme Court From Un: necessary Appeals. No man ought to have as a matter of right a review of his case by the su. by one iearing betote a court of fire: | instance and one review by a dourt of |\ afipeals The proper and chief useful- ness of the supreme court, and-espe- cjally the supreme court of the United States, is in the cases which come be- fore it so to expound the law and espe- clally the fundamental law—the con- and for the executive officers in' the construction’ of statues and the per- formance of their legal duties. There- fore any provisions for review of cases by the supreme court that cast upon that court the duty of passing on ques- tions ‘of evidence and the construction of particular forms of instruments, like indictments or wills or contracts, de- cisions not of general application or importance, merely clog and burden the court and render more difficult its higher function, which makes it so im- portant a part of the framework of our government. The supreme court is now carrying an unnecessary -burden of appeals of this kind, and I earnestly. urge that it be removed, Judicial Salaries. I further recommend to congress the -passage of the bill mow pending for the increase in the salaries of the fed- eral judges, by which the chief justice of the supreme court shall receive §i7, 500 and the associate justices $17,000, the circuit judges constituting the cir- cuit court of appeals shall receive $10,: 000 and the district judges $9,000, The positions they occupy ouglhit to: be filldd by men who have shown the greatest ability in their professional work at the bar, and it is the poorest economy possible for the government to pay salaries so low for judicial service as not to be able to command. the best talent of the legal profession in every part of the country. Wiping Out of Postal Deficit. For many years there has been a deficit in the operations of the post- office department which has been met by appropriation from the 'treasury. The appropriation estimated for last year from the treasury over and above the receipts of the department was $17,500,000. I am glad to record the fact that of that $17,500,000 estimated for $11,500,00 were saved and return- ed to the treasury. It is gratifying to report that the reduction in the de- ficit has been accomplished without any curtailment of postal facilities. Upon the recommendation of the postmaster general I have included in the classified service all assistant post- masters, and I believe that this giving a secure tenure to those who are the most important subordinates of post- masters will add much to the efficiency of their offices and an economical ad- ministration. The unrestricted manner in which the franking privilege is now being used by the several federal services f and by congress has laid it open to se- rious abuses. With respect to the parcels post, 1 respectfully recommend its adoption | on all rural delivery routes and that eleven pounds, the international limit, be_made the limit of carriage in such post. The postoffice departmeént has a great plant:and a great organization. reaching into the most remote hamlef of the United States, and with this machinery it is able to do a great many things economically, that if a new organization were necessary if ' would be impossible to'do without ex- | travagant expenditure. That is the reason why,the postal savings bank can be carried on at a small additional cost and why it is possible to incor- porate at a very inconsiderable ex- pense a parcels post in the rural de- livery system. Peary. I unite with the secretary in the rec- pmmendation -that an :appropriation | be made to comstruct a suitable crypt at Annapolis for the custody of the remains of John Paul Jones. The unparalleled achievement of Peary in reaching the North pole, April 6, 1909, approved by critical examina- tion of the most expert’scientists, has added to the distinction of our navy. to which he belongs, and reflects credit upon his country. His unique success has received generous acknowledgment from scientificbodies and institutions of learning in Europe and America. I rec- ommend fitting reccgnition by con- gress of the great achievement of Rob. ert Edwin Peary. For Eight Hour Day. It seems to me from the past history that thé government has been com- mitted to a policy of encouraging the limitation of the day’s work to eight hours in all works of construction in- itiated by itself, and it seems to me illogical to maintain a difference be- tween government work done on gov- ernment soil and government work done in a private establishment. Workmen’s Compensation. In view of the keen; widespread in- terest now felt in the 'United States in a system of compendation for indus- trial accidents to supplant our present thoroughly unsatisfactory System of employers’ liability . (a subject the im:| portance of which congress has al- ready recognized by the appointment of a commission), I recommend t,)mt the ‘international congress on indus- trial insurance be invited to hold its meeting in 1913 in Washington and that an appropriation of $10,000 he made to cover the necessary expenses of arganizing and carrying om the meeting. The protection of railroad employes ¢ from personal injury is a subject of the highest importance and demands continuing attention, I also renew my recommendation that steps be taken looking Yo the holding of a negro exposition 4n cele- bration of the fiftieth annivernry of the issuing. by Mn Lincoln of the stitution—as to furnish precedents for’ the inferior courts in future ]ibigptionj :tion of any more forest lands in Ore- ‘sified as coal lands, while 79,903,239 /face. remarkable power of changing the col- = pIg = ' Conservation. ‘Not'hlng can be more important in the matter.of conservation than the treatment of our forest lands. Speak: ing generally, the government has re- served of the existing forests about 70 per cent of all the timber lands of the government. ‘Within these forests (in- cluding 26,000,000 acres in two forests i in Alaska) aré 192,000,000 acres, of which 166,000,000 acres are in the United States proper and include with- in their boundaries something like 22,000,000 acres that belong to the states or to private individuals. We have, then, excluding Alaska forests, a total of about 144,000,000 acres of forests beionging to the government which are being treated in accord with the principles of scientific forestry. The law now prohibits the reserva- gon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Colorado 2nd Wyoming except by act of congress. I am informed by the/department of agriculture that the government owns other tracts of tim- ber land in these states which should be included in the forest reserves. I recommend to congress that the lmi- tation herein fmposed be repealed. In the present forest reserves there are lands which are mot properly forest Iand and which ought to be subject to homestead entry. Coal Lands. The next subject, and one most im- portant for your consideration, is the ] disposition of the coal ]ands in the United States and in Alaska. At the beginning «f this administration there were classified coal lands in the Unit- ed States amounting to 5,476,000 acres, and there were withdrawn from entry for purposes of classification 17,867,000 acres. Since that time there have been. withdrawn by my order from entry for classification 78,977,745 acres, mak. ing a toral withdrawal of 96,844,745 acres. Meantime of the acres thus withdrawn 10,061,889 have been classi- fled and found not to contain coal and have been restored to agricultural en: try and 4,726,091 acres have been clas- acres remain withdrawn from entry and await classification. In addition 337,000 acres have been classified as coal lands without prior withdrawal, thus increasing the classified coal lands to 10,429,372 acres. The' question as to how great an area oughtto be included-in a lease to one individual or corporation is not free from difficnlty, but in view of the fact that the government retains con- trol as owner I think there might be some liberality in the amount leased and that 2,500 acres would not be toa great a maximum. The leases should only be granted after advertisement and public competition. The secretary of the interior thinks | ° there are difficulties in the way of leasing public coal lands. I entirely approved his stating at length in his report the objections in order that the whole subject may be presented to congress, but after-a full consideration I favor a leasing system and recom- mend it. The needed oil am‘l gas law is essen. tially a leasing law. In their natural | occurcence -oil and gas cannot be . measured in terms of acres, like coal, and it follows that exclusive title tc these products can mnormally be se cured only after they reach the sur. 01l should be disposed of as a commodity in terms- of barrels- of transportable product rather than in acres of real estate. Water Power Rates. . The water power sites subject is one that calls for new legislation. It has been thought that there was danger of combination to obtain possession of all the ‘power ‘sites ‘and-to unite them- under one control. Whatever the evi- dence of this or lack of it, at present we have had enough experience to know that combination would be prof- itable, and the control of a great num- ber of power sites would enable the holders or owners to raise the price of power at will within certain sec- tions, and the temptation would promptly attract investors, and the danger of monopoly and extortion -would not be a remdte one. However this may be, it is the plain duty of the government to see to it that in the utilization and develop- ment of all this immense amount of water power conditions shall be im-. posed that will prevent extortiomate: charges, which are the usual accompa-. niment of monopoly. Queer Eyes of a Queer Spider. The attus family of spiders, abound- ing in Java, have in' addition to nu- merous smaller eyes a pair of large ones which have been: called “gig lamp” eyes. A specimen of the spider; captured near Buitenzorg; exhibits a: or of its eyes. When taken: the eyes were dark brown like the body, but suddenly they changed to bright grass: green. Soon afterward they turned back from green to brown, and this: change of color was repeated several times in succession, apparently at the will of the: creature. Whether this ac- tion on the part of this curious spe- cles of spider is an effort to inspire terror in its enemy or whether it is an effect of its own terror is uncertain. ‘Another singular fact is that the color of either one or both eyes could thus be changed at will.—Harper's Weekly. Business Is Busineas. Drummer—And so our friend your "Busband is gone! Ha dealt with me for twenty vears. Weeping Widow— Yes, and if you had come a fortnight earller you v-ould have found him stilt | amoffg the living. Drummer—Do yon think he' left any order for me?— Fliegende Blatter, Nr ers, .you read the catalog, look ducements.- The sale is already half - quickly. five to fifteen per cent. produeers.- the catalog house. 1 16 Third St. 6 BELOW; GOLD WAVE QUITS After Setting Weather Record, the Weather Man Repents. It was six degrees below zero last night, the coldest so far recorded this season. * ' The cold was general through- out the northwest, Grand . Forks reporting a temperature ‘of five be low; Devils Lake eight and Bis- mark nine below, The Weather Man, however, promises to make amends and says that if everything goes along as expected it will be fair and warmer tomorrow. " Abercrombie’s, 216 Beltrami Ave. ‘There is no more acceptable gift for Xmas than a book. We have them for the wée totsand for the Grandmas. Picture books for your sweetheart, by Harrison Fisher and Harold Chaudler Christy from $1.50 to $4.00. All the late fiction, new books just out by Geo. Bar McCutchon (The Rose in the Ring) Price $1.50: New. reading for boys, Automobile and Motor stories, Price 50c. Alger and Henley series complete. L. T. Meade’s books for girls nicely illustrated only 50c. Dealfieids linen books in all sizes for babies prices from 5¢c to 75c. We carry a complete line of Re- ligious articles, Bibles, Prayer books, Rosaries, Crusifixes, Scapelers, Medals & etc. Brfore buying your Xmas presents see our dainty line of band painted Calenders, Bookmarks, Glove mend- Hankerchief cases at Aber- crombie’s. ¢ 'Calld East By Daughter’s Illness. Mrs. Charles Volner left last night for Missillon, Ohio in response to telegram stating that her daughrer was d angerously ill and threatened with typhoid. 'Mr. Volner is travel- ing representative of the Melges Brotbers Wholesale Produce com- pany. —_— Surveying Land. '.l'he art of land surveying owes its origin to the fact that the Egyptians ‘Were unable to keep permanent monu- ments on land which was overflowed every year by the 'Nile, Under such circumstances it became necessary to have some means of reidentifying the various pleces of land. The instrn- ments and mathematical methods of ‘astronomy, with suitable modifications, were used by the E‘ypflnns for langd surveying. 43 / They;re good for you and good for us in this way; tions and prices quoted therein and find buying in- It creates in you a desire te want. where to go right here in Bemidji to see the article fi _ illustrated 1n the catalog we believe you would do it | We wish to emphasize this fact ana want you, Mr. Reader; to bear in mind at all times, that we will duplicate anything in our line and will guarantee to save you more than the postage or express charges in addition to the inconvenience and nuisance of sending away for your wants. In many cases, we can save you in actual cost from prices to us and we’ll stand ready to prove this as- sertion if you will give us the chance. You ask, how can we do this? Here is our answer. We buy in large quantities. We buy direct from the Our expense of doing business is much less than big catalog concerns. we not be in a' position tosave you money? The answer is simple and the above facts prove to you that what we say ean be relied upon. We are making many people happy daily by prov- ing to them that they can be saved money by bring- ing their catalogs to our door instead of sending to Let us do this for you. GEO. T. BAKER & CO. at'the cuts and illustra- made. -If you knew just Bring your catalogs and Then why should Near the Lake New-Gash-Want-Rate ' -Gent-a-Word ‘Where cash accompanies cop will publish all “Want Ads” for alf cent a word per insertion. Where cash does not accompany copy the regu.la.r rate of ome ceuta word will be charged. SVERY HOME HAS A WANT AD For Rent--For Sale--Exchange --Help Wanted--Work Wanted \==Etc.--Etc. HELP WANTE? WANTED—Girl for general house- work. Mrs. G. E. Kreatz, 607 Bemidji avenue. WANTED—Laundry girl Hotel Markham. FOR SALE. FOR SALE—Saloon down town business district in Minneapolis establisbed 20 years money maker long lease on building, terms to suit. Must sell account of other interests. Adress N. 910 Tribune Minneapolis. Hotel and Saloon for sale cheap, on account of sickness, . Location in unrestricted dis. doing good busi- ness. Inquire of owner, Wm. Scheidemantel, E. St. Cloud, Minn. SALOON FOR SALE—Leot, building, stock and fixtures. Best location in northwest. All Answers to box 307. Iater- | taken at once. national Falls Minn. FOR SALE—Hotel with bar both doing good business. Reason for selling, poor health: Address Joe Sachapelle. Little Fork, Minn. FOR SALE—Rubber stamps. The Pioneer will procure any kind of a rubber stamp for you ah short notice. EOR SALE—Six room house 1103 Mississippi Ave. This is a snap if H. M. Y,ounz. FOR SALE—1600 cords tamarack stumpage or will sell’ land cheap for cash. O. ]J. Weekly. FOR SALE—Residence lots o6ne block from school building. Ap- < ply H. M. Young. i FOR RENT FOR RENT—Two houses at $8.00 & $10.00.. Apply to H. M. Young. e L T R FOR RENT—Four room cottage, 1014 American Ave. Phone 461, —_— e FOR RENT—Good front room far- nished. F. M. Malzahn. e ———— MISCELLANEOUS _WAN'I‘ED—Good second hand ut- ter. Bemdu Steam Lanndry. }