Bemidji Daily Pioneer Newspaper, August 20, 1910, Page 3

& % - = | v - - = " . B s e C - L S S S S I T R o+ L * Maintaining Yielding L ¥ Power of Potatoes. Lo L + | % A H. Kohler, Minnesota Uni- i ': versity Farm. o L R R R I T S R To maintain the yielding power of a variety of potatoes, the principal means which must be employed are, first, high culture, and, second, selec- tion of the seed potatoes. What seems like an excess of plant food must be applied to the land—if not naturally present, as in new soil— to prevent potatoes from losing more or less of their vitality. The potato also suffers readily from a lack of! moisture, and when the soil is in poor | physical condition. These faults can best be corrected by means of manur- ing, rotations, and thorough cultiva- tion. If a high state of culture cannot be maintained in the entire potato field, at least a small area, large' best-yielding strain. In this case, the hills producing the largest number of smooth, well-shaped, shallow-eyed tu- bers of uniform size are the ones to select. ‘Where hill selection is not followed, the best method is to select the tubers just after the digging. It saves the trouble of selecting from the bin. In selecting from the bin, the ‘best method s to run them over a potato- sorter of the shaker-sieve type. “Fat,” smooth, shallow-eyed tubers are the kind to select. Slenderness, greater length than the type for the variety, irregular surface, and deep eyes for the variety, are signs of degeneration, and are to be avoided in the selection of seed stock. The accompanying il- lustration shows what type of tubers to select, and the nature of degenera- tion in extreme cases, any signs of which should be avoided in selecting seed stock. Where the seed stock has become badly run down, a change of seed often results in increased yields. Where new seed stock is selected, the best-grown stock obtainable must be secured, and the same marks of vi- The two potatoes on the left of picture show some very poor types; the middle row shows some medium types; and the row on the right the finest types of potatoes to be used enough to supply the seed potatoes for the succeeding crop, should be thus cared for. Prevention of injury from insect enemies and disease is also essential to the maintenande of | the yielding power of potatoes. Having supplied the needs above called for, a careful selection of tu- bers may be employed to further as- sist in this work. The selection of the best-yielding hills does not seem | to pay, when followed as a regular practice. It may be valuable for a year or two, where the seed stock is composed of two or more strains of potatoes, as a means of selecting theI LR R S R R R Construction of a Cement Silo. e et b b B R Structure of Value to Every Farmer With a Dozen Cows. o ofe ofe b ofe ok ofe ok oo ol ol ool b b b b The Michigan Experiment Station describes a cement silo owned by one Smith, who lives a few miles from the station, which seems to embrace all the desirable qualities in such a struc- ture. One like it should be of value to any farmer owning a dozen or more dairy cows. It is practically indestruc- tible by fire or water. This silo has an inside diameter of fourteen feet; height of wall above floor, thirty feet, including foundation of cobble stone and cement. The floor is five feet below ground. The foun- dation wall is twelve inches thick, and extends six inches below the floor. The first, or lower, twelve feet of the wall is ten inches thick; the upper, twelve feet is eight inches thick. There are four doors to the silo, each twenty-four by thirty-six inches, made of two thicknesses of lumber, bevel-edged, like a refrigerator door, fitting. snugly into well, constructed frames, which are built into the wall. The doors are put into the frames from the inside and are held in place by the silage. The walls were treated dodeok e gk Setting up forms. on both sides with a rich coat of ce- ment wash, and the inner face of the foundation was given a half ceat of rich cement plaster. Thirty barrels of cement, thirty-five cubic yards of sand, one and one-half cords of stone, one bale of barbed wire for reinforcing the walls, were used in the structure. Eleven hundred feet of lumber, seven-eighths by 4 inches by 16 feet; four hoops of half- round firon, with lugs, and thirty for seed. tality or degeneration must be looked for in the selection of tubers from one’s own stock. EE A R R = Stacking time is almost upon 4 the farmers, and the Agricul- ++ tural Extension Division of 4 Minnesota impresses upon « them the importance of stack- 4 ing and sweating their grain 4 before threshing. L * oo ol ofe b o b o b o o ofe b cheode obe ol e fook b lebeshe B oo pounds of nails, were required for the “forms;” and thirty-one days of labor were expended upon the construction; although, through the experience gained in building this one, another could be built with much. less labor. The accompanying illustrations will show the forms and the manmner of their use. The inner, or sixteen-foot “form,” had to be moved but once The outer “form,” being four feet high, was lifted several times, as high as was needed, usually four feet, and was clamped in place with the hoops G 1u|aul I ! ! Scaffolding at last filling. and lugs referred to in the list of ma- terials above. Two strands.of barbed wire were! built into the concrete for every eighteen inches of height, in the lower part of the wall, and less frequently above, as the danger from pressure . against the walls. decreaged. One .part of - Portland cement and seven..parts of -gravel and sand con- stituted the concrete. A roof has never been put on the silo, but when filled a piece of wire netting is placed on top, and above this is piled several feet of ensilage, which, in_a short time, settles within the walls. Little freezing is reported next to the wall. TUBERCULOUS POULTRY. Disease Contracted by Feeding in Yard Where Affected Cattle Were Kept. Tuberculosis among poultry is not common, but recently several cases have .been discovered in Wisconsin; though it has not yet been proven that people contract the disease through eating such.poultry. Dr. Rovenel, of the Wisconsin station, caused the farm from which the poultry was sent to be visited, and there found that nearly every animal in the entire herd of dairy stock was badly infected with tuberculosis. It was quite evident that the poultry in gquestion contract- ed the disease by feeding in the barn- yard where this stock was kept. Aside from the cases reported in Wisconsin, only a few have been heretofore known in the United States. - s S, i'l"l* +++++'I'+++’l‘+': ¥ Simple Methods of 7 bt Pasteurizing Milk. * * * Treatment May Be Used Eco- *F i nomically in inythmsehoI:.D : The United States government has found that the practice of pasteuriz- ing milk is being followed by many dealers, and that it greatly reduces the number of complaints they receive on account of sour milk. The treat- ment is simple, and consists of heating the milk to a temperature of between 140 degrees and 160 degrees Fahren- heit, at which a large number of bac- teria in the milk are killed, and then cooling it to check the growth of oth- ers. If sufficient heat was used to kill all the germs, the product would be called sterilized milk, and it might be kept in good condition indefinitely. Higher heat, however. renders milk somewhat objectionable to many cus- tomers, by changing its taste and ap- pearance, and perhaps slightly reduc- ing its nutritive value. Large dealers have special kinds ot apparatus for pasteurizing milk on a large scale, but for the purposes of this article only the metheds that can be used economically in the home will be discussed. The pasteurization of milk is desirable when the milk con- tains a large number of harmful bac- teria, and especially when it is thought to contain infectious or disease-pro- ducing bacteria, such as those of ty- phoid fever, etc. The importance of doing the work thoroughly cannot be overstated. The temperature must be high enough, and must be retained long enough, to kill disease-producing germs. Pasteurization in the home is an easy operation. Mothers should know how to do it, as the necessity may arise at any time. It is best, of course, to have clean, wholesome milk that does not need to be treated, but sometimes this is impossible, and the only milk available for the little ones is from unknown sources and is teem- ing with bacteria. TUndoubtedly such milk has cost many young lives. It is estimated that one-third of all chil- dren die before they are three years old, and one of the leading causes of Pasteurizing apparatus. this mortality is unwholesome milk. Bad milk cannot be made perfect by pasteurization, but the danger from its consumption can be lessened. The, process of pasteurization, .de- geribed by the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture in Farmers' Bul- letin No. 42, is simple. The necessary apparatus is inéxpenslve, and is as follows: One or more bottles nearly full of milk are plugged with dry ab- sorbent or other clean cotton, and placed in an upright position in a vessel having a false bottom and con- taining water enough to rise above the milk in the bottles. (See left side of cut). The vessel is closed, placed on the stove, and heated until the water is 155 degrees Fahrenheit, or even to the boiling point, if special pre- cautions are deemed necessary. It is then removed and kept tightly covered for half an hour. A heavy cloth over the vessel will help to retain the heat. The milk bottles are then taken out, cooled as quickly as possible by cold water or ice, and kept in a cold place. Milk thus prepared may be expected to keep twenty-four hours, and should preferably be used within that time. The cotton plugs should be kept as dry as possible, and should not be re- moved until the milk is to be used. A covered tin pail answers very well for the larger vessel. (See right of cut). An inverted tin pie-plate, with holes punched through it, can serve ag a false bottom. A hole can be punched in the cover of the pail, a cork insert- ed, and a chemical thermometer put through the cork so that the bulb dips in the water, thus enabling one to watch the temperature closely without removing the cover; or an ordinary dairy thermometer may be used from time to time by removing the lid. This method of pasteurizing is so simple and plain that the Extension Division at University Farm, St. Paul, regards it as of great importance to the farmers of the Northwest, and ad: vises every family to cut this article out and Jay it away where it may be had when necessity seems to arise for its use, Toads Friends of Farmer.: ' Professor Washburn, of ‘the ‘Minne sota division of entomology at Uni- versity Farm, finds toads to be friends of the farmer. The toad feeds entirely upon insects. One hundred and fifty- nine toads’ stomachs, examined by the federal department of agriculture, showed a content of 19 per:cent of ants; 16 per cent of cut worms; 10 per cent of thousand-legged worms; 9 per cent caterpillars; 8 per’ cent of ground beetles; 5 'per'cent of destruc- tive weevils; 3 per cent ‘of grasshop- pers, together with' crickets, spiders, sow-bugs, potato-bugs and a miscel laneous lot of other insects.' Protect the toad. Teach the thoughtless boy friendliness to this helpless, harmless, useful animal. W HENRY C. FRICK. 2 a et S Ag i ) e S teel King Pays Fortune ' i ' for Celebrated Painting. s 2 = Notice is hereby given that the School Board of Independent School District of Bemidji will sell at public auction to the highest bidder, at the First National Bank — corner, at 2 p. m., Tuesday, Aug. 23, 1910 the frame echool house on Third street, = commonly known as the old Catholic church buildicg. J.[P. LAHR, Clerk. - sorsszcesmares rosrwr | - [)o Y oy (wn Any Real Estate? Henry C. Frick Pays $300,000 for “A 2 P Polish Cavalier.” This is usually about the first question Paris, Aug. 19.—Henry C. Frick, the o . American multimillionaire and steel a,Sked when you come to a new location. king of Pittsburg, has just purchased ou 3 e ) , o ght to own a piece of property, if only a buildin; Rembranat s celel}rated portrait, “A Everyflnfl lot. No investment is so s%ve? orycertain {0 enrich itg Polish Cavalier,” for $300,000. owner within a few years as desirable real estate ina rapidly The pricc, one that has set art lov- growing city. ing Paris agog with gossip, is a record K Y E i h be il . = ——— one for a Rembrandt. Mr. Frick is with its beautiful Lakes, Homes, an art lover and is the possessor of esp our ya 0" Bamidli Churches, Schools, Prosperous dne.of the finest private collsctions of Banks and Substantial Wholesale and Retail Establishments. the old masters in America. He has The superior railroad facilities and extensive trade territory long been anxious to buy the “Cava- enjoyed by BEMIDJT, insure for it the attention of investors of lier” to add to the collection in his large means and the location within the next few years of many Pittsburg mansion. additional lines of industries. i I Lot Us Show You How Easy 2,502 jot can be scquirea = If your liver is sluggish and out MONTHLY PAYMENT PLAN at 8 per cent, of tone, and you feel dull, bilious, - constipated, take a dose of Chamber- wr“fl “s fsog,fi‘gfif‘o‘lfifg;:‘lfigggngx Call jon: H: A:; SIMONS at lain’s Stomach and Liver Tablets to- ) * night before retiring and you will [ P L SO eerannenio e monee S0y || BOMIAjITOWNSItQ & ImprovementCo, §| — Barker’s Drug Store. g2 404 New York Life Building _ 8T. PAUL R MINNESOTA FURTHER CALL FOR TROOPS Forest Fires Break Out Anew in West . —— ern States. e A S —— Washington, Aug. 19.—New forest X ) fires in Oregon and Washington have Wh Y I l called for a shifting of the troops now en Ou ¢ rave in the Northwest in order to give the | = - - o - best service in fighting the fires. and When You shlp Upon receipt: of alarming news con- — cerning the fires near Butte: Falls, There are several through daily trains, h n- Wash., General Wood, chief of ntafl’ d freight, vi th“‘ Y both passe of the army, ordered two companies ger and freight, via 4 © sent to the national forests near that G0 SR LA . . - place for fire fighting duty. A little NO rthern P ac i f 1C Ra i l W ay later reports came to the department ( g - sip Waen @ A0 y D0 ?m tnew Tfiis:adx dex,"’fed i(‘lltltlh: affording quick. convenient service between the Head orests nea oula, Mont., and thal 3 gl St & Tequist wasimade for troops. They of the Great Lakes, the Mississippi Valley and the — North Pacific Coast., | 2 B The Northern Pacific is the Pioneer Line. of the Northwest—completed in 1883 and for twenty- seven years helping to build up the Northwest, agri- culturally, industrially and in population. 6,000 miles of road, serving Minnesota, Wisconsin, North Dakota, Montana, Idaho, Washington, Oregon. The Scenic Highway through the Land of Fortune. May we serve you? will be sent at once. Aviator Delayed by Accidents. London, Aug. 19.—John B. Moissant, the Spanish-American aviator, met with two mishaps in an attempt to finish the last stage of his Paris to London aeroplane flight, the last of which badly damaged his Bleriot mon- oplane and will necessitate his re- maining at Upchurch for the present. When the digestion is all right, the action of the bowels regular, there is a nataral craving and rel- ish for food., When this is lacking you may know-that you need a dose of Chamberlain’s Stomach and Liver Tablets. They strength- en the digestive organs, improve A. M. CLELAND General Passenger Agent ST. PAUL J B. BAIRD General Freight Agent ST. PAUL the appetite and regulate the S e i . 5 ’ bowels. Sold by Barker Drug C. A. WALKER, Agent M. & I. Ry., Bemidji, Minn,-: Store. Bemidji Manufacturers, Wholesalers and Jobbers | The Following Firms Are Tharoughly. Rellable and Orders Sent to Them.WIll Be I’romifly Filled at Lowest Prices . The Crookston Model Ice Cream, Snowflake Bread and :‘Deelishus i i pidiomes saub v o 22050l Candies Made at | gt NflRTHEOEEmEflflGERY The Modél x o i S e,;, el | w & ed bicav i e i olesale ae-"'m_ Lumber, Lath and| WNDLESALE GROGERS | [aocre ek, Man and Ice Cream Factory W5 Minnesota Ave: -+ - BEMIDH, MINN. Building Material - Send your Mail Orders to: GE. T, BAKER & C0. Manufacturing ., Jewelers gnd‘ Jobbers Ghe Given Hardware Co. V}hdlesale Commission : Successors to John Fltlin(;i Co. | fiéfges Bros. Co. Fruit and Produce ey are cspecially prepared to Wholesale.and Retail Thy promptly fill all in their vario lines of merchandise. ; 1y Largest stock of Diamonds .and Watches and the finest eqiiipped work- shopin_Nanhym Minnesota, Special order work given prompt attention. Estimates furnished. v |Hardwareé Creamery Butter Phone 57 316 Minnesota Ave.