Bemidji Daily Pioneer Newspaper, December 4, 1906, Page 5

such by technical industrial education. The far reaching usefulness of insti- tutes of technology and schools of mines or of engineering is now uni- versally acknowledged, and no less far reaching is the effect of a good building or mechanical trades school, & textile or watchmaking or engraving school, All such training must develop not only manual dexterity, but indus- trial intelligence. In international ri- valry this country does not have to fear the competition of pauper labor as much as it has to fear the educated labor ot specially trained competitors, and we should have the education of the hand, eye and brain which will fit us to meet such competition. In every possible way we should help | the wageworker who toils with his hands and who must—we hope in a constantly increasing measure—also toil with his brain. Under the constitution the national legislature can do but lit- tle of direct importance for his welfare | save where he is engaged in work which permits it to act under the in- terstate cowmmerce clause of the con- stitution, and this is one reason why 1 so earnestly hope that both the leg- islative and judicial branches of the government will construe this clause of the constitution in the broadest pos- sible manner. We can, however, in such a matter as industrial training, In such n matter as child labor and fac- tory laws, set an example to the states by enacting the most advanced legis- | lation that can wisely be enacted for | the District of Columbia. FARMING A PROFESSION. Agriculture Must Have Chance to De- | velop Property. The only other persons whose wel- fare is as vital to the welfare of the whole country as is the welfare of the wageworkers are the tillers of the soil, the farmers. It is a mere truism to say that no growth of cities, no growth of wealth, no industrial development, can atone for any falling off in the character and standing of the farming populaticu. During the last few dec- ades this fact has been recognized with ever increasing clearness. There is no loncer any failure to realize that farming, at least in certain branches, must become a technical and scientific profession. This means that there must be open to farmers the chance for technical and scientific training, not theoretical merely, but of the most se- verely practical type. The farmer rep- resents a peculiarly high type of Amer- ican citizenship, and he must have the same chance to rise and develop as ican citizens have. More- °tly as true of the farm- over, i wageworker that the ultimate success of the nation of which he forms a part maust be founded not :ilone on material prosperity, but upon high moral, men- tal and physical development. This education of the farmer—self educa- tion by preference, but also education from the outside, as with all other men—is peculiarly necessary here in the United States, where the frontler conditions even in the newest states have now nearly vanished, where there must be a substitution of a wore intensive system of cultivation for the old wasteful farm management and where there must be a better business organization among the farmers then- selves. Several factors must co-operate in the improvement of the farmer's condition. He must have the chance to be educated in the widest possible sense—in the sense which keeps ever in view thesintimate relationship be- tween the theory of education and the facts of life. In all education we should widen our aims. It is a good thing to produce a certain number of » trained scholars and students, but the education superintended by the state must seek rather to produce a hundred good citizens than merely one scholar, and it must be turned now and then from the class book to the study of the great book of nature itself. 'This is especially true of the farmer, as has been pointed out again and agaln by all observers most competent to pass practical judgment on the problems: of cour country life. All students now realize that education must seek to train the executive powers of young people and to confer more real sig- nificance upon the phrase “dignity of labor” and to prepare the pupils so that, in addition to each developing in the highest degree his individual ca- pacity for work, they may together help create a right public opinion and show in many ways social and co- operative spirit. Organization has be- come necessary in the business world, and it has accomplished much for good in the world of labor. It Is no less nec- | essary for farmers. Such a movement as the grange movement Is good in ' itself and Is capable of a well nigh ' infinite further extension for good so Jong as it is kept to its own legitimate business. The benefits to be derlved by the association of farmers for mu- tual advantage are partly economic and partly sociological. [ Agricultural Education. Moreover, while in the long run voi- untary effort will prove more effica- ' clous than government assistance, while the farmers must primarily do most for themselves, yet the govern- gent can also do much. The depart- ' ent of agriculture has broken new ' -gronud in many directions, and yenr: wy year It finds how it can improve its . methods and develop fresh usefulness. ' Its constant effort Is to give the gov- ernmental assistance in the most effec- tive way—that Is, through assoclations of farmers rather than to or through ! individual farmers. It is also striv- | ing to co-ordinate Its work with the agricultural departments of the sev- | eral states and, so far as Its own work ' 1s educational, to co-ordinate It wlth; i of good than this. the work of other educational author- Ities. Agricultural education Is neces- sarily based upon general oducation. but our agricultural educational instl- tutlons are wisely specializing them- selves, making their courses relate te the actual teaching of the agricultural and kindred scieuces to young country people or young city people who wish to live in the country. Great progress has already been magte among tarmers by the creation of farm- ers' Institutes. of dairy associations, of breeders’ associations, horticultural gs- soclations and the like. A striking ex- ample of how the government and the farmers can co-operate Is shown in connection with the menace offered t: the cotton growers of the southern states by the advance of the boll wee- vil. The department is doing all it can to organize the farmers in the threatened districts, just as it has been doing all it can to organize them in aid of its work to eradicate the cattle fever tick in the south. The de- partment can and will co-operate with all such associatious, and it must have their help it its own work is to be done in the most efficient style. Irrigation and Forest Preservation. Much is now being doune for the states of the Rocky mountains and great plains through the development of the national policy of irrigation and forest preservation. No government policy for the betterment of our inter- nal conditions has been more fruitful The forests of the White mountains and southern Appa- lachian regions should also be preserv- ed, and they cannot be unless the peo- ple of the states in which they lie, through their representatives in the congress, secure vigorous action by the national government. Memorial Amphitheater at Arlington. I invite the attention of the congress to the estimate of the secretary of war for an appropriation to enable him to begin the preliminary work for the con- struction of a memorial amphitheater at Arlington. The Grand Army of the Re- public in its national encampment has urged the erection of such an amphi- theater as necessary for the proper ob- servance of Memorial day and as a fit- ting monument to the soldier and sailor dead buried there. In this I hea concur and commend the matter to the favorable consideration of the con- gress. i MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE. This Whole Question Should Be Regu- tated by Congress. I am well aware of how difficult it is to pass a constitutional amendment. Nevertheless, in 1wy judgment, the whole question of marriage and divorce should be relegated to the authority of the n: al congress. At present tlus wide di 1ces in the laws of the dif- ferent states on this subject result scandals and abuses, and surely (ke is nothing so vitally essential to welfare of the nation, nothing around which the nation should so bLend itself to throw every safeguard, as the howe life of the average citizern. The change would Le zood from every standpoint. In particular it would be good because it would confer on the congress the power at once to deal radically aund ef- ficiantly with polygamy. and this should be done whether or not mar- riage and divorce are dealt with. It is neither safe nor proper to leave the questior of polygamy to be dealt with by the several states. Power to deal with it should be conferred on the na tionul government. ‘When bome ties are loosened, when mer and women cease to regard a worthy family life, with all its duties fully performed and all its responsi- bilities lived up to as the life best worth living, then evil days for the cowwmonwealth are at hand. There are regions in our land and classes of our population where the birth rate bas sunk below the death rate. Sure- ly it should need no demonstration to show that willful sterility Is, from the standpoint of the uation, from the standpoint of the human race, the one sin for which the penalty Is national death, race death, a sin for which there is no atonement, a sin which Is the more dreadful exactly In propor- tion as the men and women guilty thereof :re in other respects, In chax- acter aund bodily and mental powers, those whom for the sake of the state it would be svell to see the fathers and mothers of many healthy children, well brought up in homes made happy by their presence. No man, no wo maun, ean shirk the primary duties of life, whether for love of ease and vleasure or for any other cause, ang ; retain hls or her self respect. American Shipping. Let me once again call the atten- tion of the congress to two subjects concerning which I have frequently before communicated with them. One 18 the question of developlng American shipping. I trust that a law embody- ing in substance the views or a major part of the views expressed in the re- port on this subject laid before the house at its last session will be passed. I am well aware that in former years objectionable measures have been pro posed In reference to the encourage- ment of American shipping, but It sSeems to me that the proposed meas- ure IS as vearly unobjectionable as eny can be, It will of course benefit primoarily our seaboard states—such as Mafme, Louisiana and Washington— but what benefits part of our people in Ith» end benefits all, just as govern- ment aid to irrigation and forestry in the west is really of benefit not only to the Rocky mountain states, but to all our country. If It prove imprac- ticable to enact a law for the encour- agement of shipping generally, then at least provision should be made for better communlcation with South j consideration s America, notably for fast mall lines to the chief South American ports, It Is discreditable to us that our business people, for lack of direct communica- tion in the shape of lines of steamers with South America, should in that great sister continent be at a disad- vantage compared to the business peo- ple of Europe. CURRENCY REFORL. Serious Defects In Present 3 Pointed Out. 1 especially call your attention to the second subject—the condition of our currency laws. The national bank act has ably served a great purpose in aiding the enormous business develop- ment of the country, and within ten years there has been an increase in circulation per capita from $21.41 to $33.08. For several years evidence has been accumulating that nddltlonnfleg- islation is needed. The recurrence of each crop season emphasizes the de- fects of the present laws. There must soon he a revisigh of them, because to leave them as they are means to incur liability of business disaster. Since your body adjourned there has been a fluctuation in the interest on call mon- ey from 2 per cent to 30 per cent, and the fluctuation was even greater dur- Ing the preceding six months. The sec- retary of the treasury had to step in and by wise action put a stop to the thost violent period of oscillation. Even worse than such fluctuation is the advance in commercial rates and the uncertainty felt in the sufficiency of credit even at high rates. All com- mercial interests suffer during each crop period. Excessive rates for call money In New York attract money from the interior banks into the specu- lative fleld. This depletes the fund that would otherwise be available for commercial uses, and commercial bor- rowers are forced to pay abnormal rates, so that each fall a tax, In the shape of increased interest charges, is placed on the whole commerce of the country. The mere statement of these facts shows that our present system is seri- ously defective. There is need of a change. Unfortunately, however, many of the proposed changes must be ruled System fros consideration because they are | complicated. are not easy of compre- hension and tend to disterb existing rights and interests. We must also rule out any plan which ‘would ma- | terially impair the value of the United States 2 per vent bonds now pledgzed to secure circulation, the issue of which was made under conditions peculiarly creditable to the treasvry. 1 de not press auy especizl plan. Various plans have recently been proposed by expert commi of bankers. Among the plans whick are possibly feasible and which certainly should recelve your that repeatedly brought to your attention by the pres- ent secretary of the treasury, the es- sentia! features of which have becn approved by many prominent bankers and tusiness men. According to this plan, national banks should be permit- ted to issue a specified proportion of their capital in notes of a given kind, the issue to be taxed at so high a rate as to drive the notes back when not ‘wanted in legitimate trade. This plan ‘would not permit the issue of currency to give banks ndditional profits, but to meet the emergency presented by times of stringency. “Spasms of High Money.” T do not say that this is the right system. I only advance it to empha- slze my belief that there is need for the adoption of some system which shall be automatic and open to all sound banks, so as to avold all possi- bility of discrimination and favoritism. Such a plan would tend to prevent the spasms of high money and speculation which now obtain in the New York market, for at_present there is too ; much currency at certain seasons of ! the year. and its accumulation at New ' York tempts bankers to lend. it at low rates for speculative purposes, whereas at other times when the crops are be- ing moved there Is urgent need for a large but temporary. Increase In the currency supply. It must never.be for- gotten that this question concerns busi- ness men generally -quite as much as bankers. Especially is this true of stockmen, farmers and business men in the west, for at present at certain seasons of the year the difference In interest rates between the east and the west {s from 6 to 10 per cent, whereas In Canada the corresponding differenca Is but 2 per cent. Any plan must, of course, guard the interests of western and southern bankers as carefully as 1t guards the Interests of New York or Chicago bankers and must he drawn from the standpoints of the farmer and the merchant no less than from the standpoints of the city banker and the ! country banker. The law should be amended so as | specifically to provide that the funds ! derived from customs duties may be treated by the secretary of the treas- {ury as be treats funds obtained under the Internal revenue laws. There should be a considerable Increase in ! bills of small denominations. Permis- slon should be given banks, if neces- sary under settled restrictions, to re- tire their cilulation to a larger amount than three millions a month. PHILIPPINE TARIFE. Lower Rate of Absolute Free Trade Is Urged. 1 most earnestly hope that the bill to provide a lower tariff for or else abso- lute free trade In Philippine products will become a law. No harm will come to any American industry, and, ‘while there will be some small but real material benefit to the Filipinos, the main benefit will come by the show- iplopet considerations of self interest in one or two other places because of ing made as to our purpose to do all in our power for their welfare. So far our action In the Philippines has been abundantly justified, uot mainly und indeed not primarily because of the | added dignity it has given us as a’ nation by proving that we are capable ; honorablySand etficiently to bear the International burdens which a mighty people should bear, but even more be- | cause of the immense benefit that has | come to the people of the Philippine Islands. In these islands we are stead- ily introducing both liberty and order to a greater degree than their people have ever before known. We have se- cured justice, We have provided an eflicient police force and have put down ladronism. Only in the islands of Leyte and Samar is the authority of our government resisted, and tuls by wild mountain tribes under the super- stitious inspiration of fakirs and pseu- do religious leaders. We are constant ly increasing the measure of liberty accorded the islanders, and next spring, if conditions warrant, we shall take a great stride forward in testing their capacity tor self government by sum- ! moning the first Filipino legislative as- sembly. and the way in which they stand this test will largely determine whether the self government thus granted will be increased or decreased. for if we bave erred at all in the Phil- ippines it has been in proceeding too rapidly in the direction of granting a large measure of self government. We are building roads. We have, for tne immeasurable good of the people, ar- ranged for the building of railroads. Let us ulso see to it that they are giv- en a ftree access to our markets. This nation owes no more imperative duty to itself and mankind than the duty of managing the affairs of all the islands under the American flag—the Philip- pines, Porto Rico and Hawaii—so as to make it evident that it is in every way to their advantage that the flag should fly over them. Porto Rican Affairs. American citizenship should be con- ferred on the citizens of Porto Rico. The barbor of San Juan in Porto Rico should be dredged and improved. The expenses of the federal court of Porto Rico should be met from the federal treasury. The administration of the affairs of Porto Rico, together with those of the Philippines, Hawaii and ; our other insular possessions, should be directed under one executive de- partment, by preference the depart- ment of state or the departmenr of war. Hawaii. The needs of Haweii are peculiar. Every aid should t- given the !slands. and our efforts should be unceasing to develop them along the lines of a com- munity of small freeholders. not of greet planters with cooly - tilled es- | tates. Rituated, as this tervitory is, in the widdle of the Pacific. there are duties imposed upon this small com- munity which do oot fall in like degree or manner upon any other American community. This warrants our treat- Ing it differently from the way in| which we treat territories contiguous to or surrounded by sister territories or other states and justifies the setting | i aside of a portion of our revenues to be expended for educational and in- | ternal improvements therein. - Hawaii | 1 13 now making an effort to secure im- ! migration it Ip the end to assume the duties and burdens of full American | citizenship, and whenever the leaders | i In the various Industries of those is- !lands finally adopt our Ideals and heartily join our administration in en- i deavoring to develop a middle class of substantial citizens a way will then be found to deal with the commercial { and Industrial problems which now ap- pear to them so serlious. The best Americanism Is that which aims for . Stability and permanency of ‘prosper- |ous citizenship rather than immediate | returns on large masses of capital. Alaska. Alaska’s needs have been partially met, but there must be a complete re- organization of the governmental sys- tem, as 1 have before indicated to you. 1 ask your especial attention to this. Our fellow citizens who dwell on the shores of Puget sound with character- istic energy are' arranging to bold in Seattle the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific expo- sitlon. Its special aims include the up- ; bullding of Alaska and the develop- ment of American commerce on the Pacific ocean. This exposition In its purposes and scope should appeal not only to the people of the Pacific slope, but to the people of the United States at large. Alaska since it was bought | has yielded to the government $11,000.- | ; 000 of revenue and has produced nea i ly $300,000,000 in gold, furs and fish. | When properly developed it will become .in large degree a land of homes. The countries bordering the Pacific ocean have a population more numerous than | that of all the countries of Europe. Their annual foreign commerce amounts ‘'to over §3,000,000,000, of j ' which the share of the United States is ! i some $700,000,000. If this trade were | thoroughly understood and pushed by | our manufacturers and producers, the industries not only of the Pacific slope, but of all our country, and particular- 1y of our cotton growing states, would ! be greatly benefited. Of course in or- der to get these benefits we must treat fairly the countries with which we trade. . International Morality. It is a mistake, and It betrays a spir- ’ it of foolish cynicism, to maintain that all international governmental action | Is and must ever be based upon mere selfishness and that to advance eth- ical reasons for such action is always a sign of hypocrisy. This is no more necessarily true of the action of gov- ernments than of the action of indi- viduals, __It 1s a sure sign of a base nature always to ascribe base motives for the actions of others. Unquestion- ably no nation can afford to disregard : conducting himself properly. member this is incumbent on every- any more than a private individual can 80 do. But It Is equally true that the . average private individual in any real- ly decent community does many ac- , tions with reference to other men in which he |8 guided not by self inter- est, but by public spirit, by regard for ; the rights of others, by a disinterested purpose to do good to others and to raise the tone of the community as a whole. Similarly a really great nation must often act, and as a matter of fact often does act, toward other nations in a spirlt not in the least of mere self in- terest, but paying heed chiefly to eth- lcal reasons, and as the centuries go by this disinterestedness in interna- tional action, this tendency of the in- dividuals comprising a nation to re- quire that nation to act with justice toward its neighbors, steadily grows and strengthens. It is nelther wise nor right for a nation to disregard its own needs, and it is foolish and may be wicked to think that cther nations will disregard theirs. But it Is wicked for a nation only to regard its own In- terest and foolish to believe that such is the sole motive, that actuates any other nation. It should® be our steady aim to raise the ethical standard of na- tional action just as we strive to raise the ethical standard of individual ac- tion. Justice to Immigrants. Not only must we treat all nations fairly, but we must treat with justice and good will all immigrants who come here under the law. Whether they are Catholic or Protestant, Jew or gentile, whether they come from England or Germany, Russia, Japan or Italy, mat- ters nothing. All we have a right to question is the man’s conduct. If he is honest and upright in his dealings with his neighbor and with the state, then he is entitled to respect and good treatment. Especially do we need to remember our duty to the stranger within our gates. It is the sure mark of a low civilization, a low morality, to abuse or discriminate against or in any way humiliate such stranger who has come here lawfully and who is To re- American citizen, and it is of course peculiarly incumbent on every govern- ment official, whether of the nation or of the several states. I am prompted to say this by the at- titude of hostility here and there as- sumed toward the Japanese in this country. This hostility is sporadic and i8 limited to a very few places. Never- theless it is most discreditable to us as a people, and it may be fraught with | the gravest consequences to the nation. The friendship between the United States and Japan has been continuous since the time, over half a century ago, when Commodore Perry by his expedi- tlon to Japan first opened the islands to western civilization. Since then the growth of Japan has been literally astounding. There is not only nothing to parallel it but nothing to approach it in the history of civilized mankind. Japan has a glorious and ancient past. Her civilization is older than that of the nations of northern Europe, the na- tions from whom the people of the : United States have chiefly sprung. But fifty years ago Japan's development was still that of the middle ages. Dur- ing that fifty years the progress of the country in every walk in life has been a marvel to mankind, and she now stands as one of the greatest of civi- lized nations. great in the arts of war jand In the arts of peace, great in mili- tary, In industrial, in artistic develop- ment and achievement. : Praise For Japan. Japanese soldiers and sailors have shown themselves equal in combat to any of whom ‘history makes note. She bhas produced great generals and mighty admirals. Her fighting men, afloat and ashore, show all the heroic courage, the unquestioning, unfalter-- ing loyalty, the splendid indifference to hardship and death, which marked the Loyal onins, and they show also that they possess the highest ideal of patriotism. Japanese artists of every kind see their products eagerly sought for in all lands. The industrial and ‘commercial development of Japan has been phenomenal, greater than that of any other country during the same pe- riod. At the same time the advance in science and philosophy is no less mark- 'ed.” The admirable management of the Japanese Red Cross during the late war, the efficlency and humanity of the Japanese officials, nurses and doc- tors, won the respectful admiration of all acquainted with the facts. Through the Red Cross the Japanese people sent over $100,000 to the sufferers of San Francisco, and the gift was accepted with gratitude by our people. The courtesy of the Japanese, nationally and individually, has become prover- bial. To no other country has there been such an increasing number of visitors from this land as to Japan. In return Japanese have come here in great numbers. They are welcome, 50- clally and intellectually, in all our col- leges and institutions of higher learn. ing, in all our professional and social bodies. The Japanese have won in a single generation the right to stand abreast of the foremost and most en- lightened peoples of Europe and Amer- fca. They have won on their own merits and by their own exertions the right to treatment on a basis of full and, frank equality. The overwhelming mass of our people cherish a lively re- ward and respect for the people o£| Japan, and in almost every quarter of’ the Union the stranger from Japan is treated as he deserves—that 1s, he is. treated as the stranger from any part of civilized Europe is and deserves to be treated. But here and there a most; unworthy feeling has manifested itself toward the Japanese—the feeling that has been shown in shutting them out’ from the common schovls In San Fran.' cisco and in mutterings against them | their efficlency as workers. To shut them out from the public schools is & wicked absurdity when there are no first class colleges In the land, includ- ing the universities and colleges of California, which do not gladly wel- come Japanese students and on which + Japanese students do not reflect credit, ‘We have as much to learn from Japan as Japan has to learn from us, and no nation is fit to teach unless it is also willing to learn. Throughout Japan Americans are well treated, and any failure on the part of Americans at home to treat the Japanese with a like courtesy and consideration is by just 8o much a confession of inferiority im our clvilization. Our nation fronts on the Pacific just as it fronts on the Atlantic. We hope to play a constantly growing part In the great ocean of the orient. We wish, as we ought to wish, for a great , commercial development in our deal- ings with Asia, and it is out of the question that we should permanently have such development unless’ we free- ly and gladly extend to other nations the same measure of justice and good treatment which we expect to receive in return. It is only a very small body of our citizens that act badly. Where the federal government has power it will deal summarily with any such. ‘Where the several states have power I earnestly ask that they also deal wisely and promptly with such con- duct or else this small body of wrong- doers may bring shame upon the great mass of their innocent and right thinking feliows—that is, upon our na- tion as a whole. Good manners should be an international no less than an Individual attribute. I ask fair treat- ment for the Japanese as I would ask fair treatment for Germans or English- men, Frenchmen, Russians or Italians. I ask it as due to humanity and civi- lization. I ask it as due to ourselves, because we must act uprightly toward - all men. Naturalize Japanese. I recommend to the congress that an act be passed specifically providing for the naturalization of Japanese who cote here intending to become Amer- ican citizens. One of the great em- barrassments attending the perform- ance of our international obligations is the fact that the statutes of the United States are entirely inadequate. They fail to give to the national government sufficiently ample power through Unit- ed States courts and by the use of the army and navy to protect aliens in the rights secured to them under solemn treaties which are the law of the land. I therefore earnestly recommend that the criminal and civil statutes of tha United States be so amended and add- ed to as to enable the president. acting for the United States government, which is responsible in our internatieme al relations, to enforce the rights 7 aliens under treaties. Even as the law now is something can be done by the federal government toward this end, and in the matter now before me affecting the Japanese everything that it 1§ in my power to do will be done, and all of the forces, military and civil, of the United States which I may lawfully employ will be so employed. There should, however, be no particle of doubt as to the power of the nation- al government completely to perform and enforce its own obligations to oth- er nations. The mob of a single city may at any time perform acts of law- less violence against some class of for- eigners which would plunge us into war. That city by itself would be powerless to make defense against the foreign power thus assaulted, and If independent of this government it would never venture to perform or permit the performance of the acts complained of. The entire power and the whole duty to protect the offending city or the offending community ‘lie in the hands of the United States gov- ernment. It is unthinkable that we should continue a policy under which a given locality may be allowed to com- mit a crime against a friendly nation and the United States government lim- ited not to preventing the commission of the crime, but in the last resort to defending the people who have com- mitted it against the consequences of their own wrongdoing. CUBAN INTERVENTION. We Wish Nothing of the Island Save That It Prosper. Last August an insurrection broke out in Cuba which it speedily grew ev- ident that the existing Cuban govern- ment was powerless to quell. This government was repeatedly asked by the then Cuban government to inter- vene and finally was notified by the president of Cuba that he intended to resign, that his decision was irrevaqca- ble, that none of the other constitu- tional officers would consent to carry on the government and that he was powerless to maintain order. It was evident that chaos was impending, and there was every probability that if steps were not immediate]y taken by this government to try to restore order the representatives of various Euro- pean nations in the island would apply to their respective governments for armed intervention in order to protect the lives and property of their citizens. Thanks to the preparedness of .our navy, I was able immediately to send enough ships to Cuba to prevent the situation from becoming hopeless, and I turthermore dispatched to Cuba the secretary of war and the assistant sec- retary of state In order that they might grapple with the situation on the ground. All efforts to secure an agree- ment between the contending factions: by which they should themselves come: to an amicable understanding and set-' tle upon some modus vivendi, some: lprovmoml government of their own,. DB TN S et A RS R