NDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTS Neow Ideas Worked Out, Patented and Put in Operation, THE WIDENING FIELD OF ELECTRICITY | Progressin That ~Novel € Patent (¢ Mechanh lence Partioularly Notable 1 by the Useful 1cos Approy New and About three division of the Dey ars ago the forestr, rtment of Agricul- ture published a large report on the use | the objects | s of | of metal ties on railways, being to encourage an economical u; wood and the introduction of stecl ties if possible. Mr. estimated at that time that the railways of the coun- try required the best timbor from 1,000,- 000 acres of forest land annually. report was wide ted and aroused an interest in the subject of all-metal track which has not yet abated. time ago it was announced that metal ties had been abandoned ufter a long trial on the Pennsylvania lines in thi country and the State railway in Bel- gium. This has stirred up an Austrian engineer of prominence, William Ast who nims that at least the Belgian were badly conducted, and failure natural. He states that on the Kaiser Frederick Northern railway in Austria metal tios have been used with entire satisfaction fc it nine years. Afte comparat trinls for this time the metal ties are still pra 18 good as new, while the oak tic 10w con- siderable deterioration. Moreover, the cost of maintenance of an all-me ack it an epers. e Fernow y cireul some b sribes aserihe it un=atisfactory results on the Belgian | rail roads entirely to the use of defective fastenings and unsuital steel s under the rails where they reston the sleepers he considers just as neces- gary with metal as with wooden tic no ‘plates wor on the Be roads. Moreover, he claims that steel employed in making the ties was much too brittle for the purpose, as was shown by the fact that in wunching holes for the fastenings hair eracks appenred were =0 badly designed that they quickly became loose, it is natural that passing trains should break up the rock ballast and produce an unsatisfactory ghort time, but Mr. Ast claims that with a well designed all-metal adway the results Wwould have been quite different. It is unfortunate that he did not discuss the reason of the Pennsylvania failures, for the ofticers of maintenance of way in that system are vegacded as pretty well posted in their speeialty As it is, in- ventors will probably o on patentin funumerable impossible ties tor son time to come, until the experiments show something conclusive, which none have yet apparently done. & Railway Cars. o used ian Ligh In view of the enterprise shown by many American railway companies in making tests in regard to securing th most eflicient, safe and agreeable Tight- ing of railway cars much intervest at- taches to the announcement that the French railway, the Chemin de Fer du Nord, will shortly intrcduce electric lighting on its saloon cars, sleeping and toilet cars of the first, second and third class. The company has decided, after long trials on isolated carriages, to ex- periment on a large sc Th rent s obtained from storage batteri plying lamps of 6, 8 and 10-candle {:n\' r, according to the cars. The bat- ories, mounted in boxes in groups of two, are very portable. Eight of these double cells are suspended bencath the frame of the car, where the arc accessible from the steps and closing in by door The whole of the cells, together with their carriers, weigh 8,581 pounds. Thirty-volt lamps ave used, of 10-candle pow for first class car andle power for second and 6-candle power for third class and lava- tories of all classes, so that a good light is provided throughout. The lamps arve carvied by a hardwood cylinder; carry ing lamp socket and reflector, the latter being very white enameled ivon. This apparatus is slipped into the lantern. taking the place of the oil lamp. Two switches ave fixed in alittle box at either end of the car, so that the lamps can be ~lighted or extinguished from the outside. The connections are so arranged that the batteries can be charged without taking them out of the compartments. The cables, which ave made specially strong to stand the wear and tear, are run along the roof and held in place b soldered zine clips. One great advantage of this method is that, should at any moment the ¢il lamps be required, all that is necessary is to open the lantern, take out the electric lamp with socket, and slip the oil lamp into the same place. Triple Expansion Engines. One of the features of recent electrical work is the use of triple expansion en- ines of the marine type, coupled divect 0 two multipolar dynamos, one being placed at each end of the shaft for cen- tral station work. An engine of this type, recently tested at Milwaukee, varied in speed only 1.7 per cent from no lcad up to full load, although the elec- trical conditions under which it was working were unfavorable. It is of the 700-horse power machine, triple expan- sion, three-crank inverted cylinder condensing type, designed for an initial steam pressure of 160 pounds, and 8 vacuum of inches, The cylinders are 163, 281 and 384 inches in diameter, have a stroke of 30 inches and are all steam jacketed. They ave filled with double-ported, balanced piston valves, one for the high pressure cylinder and two for each of the others. denser is in the foundation box, and of the surface pattern, with 1,00 tubes 9 feet 6 inches long. The shaft is of forged steel 8 inches ameter, with cast iron balanced disks, to which the S-inch crank pins are at- tached. There are two bearings to each orank, and an additional large bear- ing on each end of the shaft to carry the armature. On the shaft ave three eccentrics, each operated by its own independent governor of the disk type, 80 that the point of eut-off in cach ey lin- der, ranging from 0.08 to 0.75 stroke, is changed equally with the load. A straight-line separator is placed on the steam pipe leading to the engine, allow- ing dry steam only to enter the cylinder. In addition to this a straight-line grease extractor is placed on the exhaust pipe leading from the low pressure cylinder to the condenser. Speaking generally, it may be said that these engines follow the latest types in use on ceean steam- ships, with necessary additions to render them as efficient for electric generating purposes as for marine work. Model Power Hou brass crank in di- An unusually interesting power house has recently been constructed at Roche te , to utilize the energy of the Genesee falls, feet wide with a per- pendicular drop of ninety feet. The water had partly undercut’a rceky bluft on which the station was to be built, and the overhanging portions were first blast¢d off, A foundation was then con- he | Some | experiments | was | and | the | If the fastenings | track ina | The con- | structed with great difficulty, owing to tho very rapld current of the river and its habit of rising suddenly. The strues ture was finally completed, however, and the power plant installed. This consists of two double water 264 inche in dinmeter, each supplicd with 6,250 cubic feet of water minute under an effectiv head of T feot through a five-foot flume. The wheels are of phosphor bronze with tioned stecl blades and each develops 600 horse power. This power is transmitted from a five-foot e wheel to a twe foot rope wheel nine feet above, through teen nil ' s 1§ inch in diameter. The pr tension on these ropes was obtained by means of tightener wheel in- an adjnstabie frame. Each wheel has its own llume and gate | and can be used sepavately. The ropes runatn very high speed--7,540 feet a minute—but it was recently stated ata meeting of the American Society of Civil Engincers that no delay had oc- curred in over a year's use. wheols a ve- s m Electrie Lights in the Country. An excellent has been made to meet parts the securing | attended with suggestion remote from cit where f a supply of electricity is more or fliculty. It is proposed that owners of country houses should combine and have their electricity generated and distributed from a central station At some fixed place, preferably the railway station, an clectrie station “under skilled manage- ment should distribute the power at high pressure. The station might also serve as a telephone exchar Where, n ordinary houscholde lers in 'S less ¢ fo the cost of current would ‘be prohibitive, the high- pressure central station system might so reduce the as to make an eleetric supply fully available. A steam or tuel | gas eng would drive two alte at low pressure: the current would b | transformed up to suitable pressure ac cording to distance. Each houscholder would be supplied with transformer and meter in the same way a joint stock eompany m made to run the station with' limitations as to maximum priecs. cost " Undergronnd Wires. sults of the experiment made Vork eity in burying electrie summed up by Franklin L. Pope in the Engineering Magazine as follows It scems to be pretty conclusively tablished that a commercially tisfuc- tory system of underground wires has resulted from the work of the past five or six years; t this is far liable to interruption than any overhead sys- tem which can possibly bo devised, and that it is less dangerous to human life; while, on the other hand, its first cost is ‘normously greater—certainly not less than five or six times as much for a given number of points of service—it is in many respects cumbersome and in- convenient, lueking the flexibility and adaption to different conditions of the overhead system, while its cost pre- cludes its extension to sparsely settled | districts, which must either by ched | by acrial wives or not at all. The mere subway rental of the w in the Pifth avenue, New York, is said to amount to about 32 cents per lamp per night. The excessive cos of the telephone sevvice in New York is in at part due to the same ¢ the enormous expense of the underground conduet now used throughout the central districts of the city. The v by New wires is loss use Patent Cyclone De out De idea. He i A man in a great ver has patented intimate with cyclones, having met several in Kansas, and from his acute obser- vation of their characteristics he is per- suaded that he can knock out the strong- est of them. In the piquant language of the unsophisticated west he is willing to bet dollars to doughnuts that he can stop a tornado in one round. His plan is simple enough. n band passes over the roof of the house, to which it is firmly bolted; the ends of the rod terminate in loops which are buried in the ground and cavefully tacked down by large wooden stakes, a mallet and the hired man. As a sortof additional precaution small pyramidal house of refuge is at- tached, also a terrifying combination of heavy anchors, sills and beams, which A strong gables and In addition this amateur refc stitution has infinite possibilities as a summer house, hencoop or salle a manger for the pigs, which will commend it at once to the intelligent agriculturist. Iden, A Virgin ‘What is more innoc than a clothes brush with a heavy wooden back and stiff bristles? Who would think that it contained a pint of good Bourbo Yet this combination of | good and evil was the culmination of a Machiavellian Virginian's concentration upon the liquor question. His brush, patented a few has a thick hollow back, which contains a glass flask securely concealed from view, with a dvinking eup fitted snugly to the reduced neck of the bottle. Either end of the brush can be easily re- moved and the flask taken out and re- filled. Down in Virginia now eyery one i Qe is supposed to have at least o brush, and prohibitionists three, “Come and have your clothes brushed” is now considered an invitation to im- bibe, and if you sce-anyone anxiously brushing his coat collar or cravat with a heavy wooden-backed brush you may safely Suspeet him of taking a sly nip. | It is already astonishing how cavefully | some of the I. F. V.’s have become of | their personal appearance, and bear it in mind, when you see a man carrying a clothes brush in his hip pocket he is a Virginian. Steam Ha ent in_appearance days ago, mer on Shipboard. A steam hammer is a tool generally regarded as requiring a specially solid foundation, so the announcement that one is in use on board a ship is caleu- lated to arouse considerable inter The ship Defense, of the British y which is a kind of floating machine shop, has recently been fitted with such a tool, Special construetion was, of course, nec- estary to meet the requirements of its | surrounding The hammer is of the | overhanging form, with two standards, | in which ave the planed guides, and be- | tween these the trip is placed, which weighs 836 ;ounds and has a maximum stroke of seventeen inches. The ham- mer is fitted with both self-acting and | hand valve gear and has been designed to work very quickly or slowly, as de- sived. The anvil block and 'base are made in one massive casting of great weight, so as to cause as little vibration as possible in the surrounding parts of the ship, and a six-inch armor plate is fixed underneath in a vertical position as a foundation for the anvil block. This is said to be the first tool of the kind ever constructed on board ship. Another Edixon Ides, Thomas A. Edison has obtained | patent on the generation of the electric current which may lead eventually to the solution of the' problem of gener- ating electricity from cumbustion. dison’s metho | consists substantially in generating electricity in a heated chamber, exhausted of air, from the re- action of carbon with a chemical com- pound, the nature of which is not yet | disclosed. The walls of the chambe | form one electrode and & carbon rod the | other. Much may be expected from this latest invention of the “*Wizard of Menlo Park” if his chemical is a cheap a | the convenience of dwel- | | S S WO THE OMAHA DAILY HF.!G- MONDAY, MARCH 13 one. The dise wery certainly embodies new prineiples, High Spe he celebrated inventor, Zipernows sky, 1% snid to still eling to the idea of running cars between Vienna and Buda- Pesth at speeds from 125 to 155 miles per houy He esthoates that 800-horse power will be required for a londed car weighing about sixty tons. The cars are to be driven by electrie motors using 600 amperes at a pressure of 1,000 volts, For the generation and transmission of the eleetrie current it is proposed to estab- lish two lar, stations, about thirty geven miles distant from the termini, and to usc acrial transmitting lines. Even if the capital for this gigantic ex- d Tralus, | periment ean be found,which is unlikely, | | and concesgions obtained, theve is a con- siderable element of uncertainty as to 800-horse power propelling sixty tons at ed of 150 miles an hour, 1t is cer- 1, moreover, that the projected line ;annot pay in competition with existing railways, Long-Distance Telephoning. Wiiile the cost of telephonic eonver tions at long distance may appear high, vrites Frauklin L. Pope in the Engine ing Maguazine, it must not be fogotten that the correspondents a limited time the exclusive of a plant which has cost an enormous amount of money. Morcover, the amount of matter that can be transmitted by tele phone under favorable conditions in the of five minutes allowed is surpe ir By the aid of astenographer 600 to 800 words have been got through during that time, which is cheaper than telc graphing, to say nothing of the obvious advantages realized in many cases. use North tinlveston's Str £ Noterit GaLvestos, Tex,, March 11.—Good streets are un evidence of permanence, they are straws which prove protty y the direction of the wind. North Galveston hus twenty-two miles of splendidly graded, shell paved strects and avenues. Nearat hand are immense beds of shell aund shell gravel suitable for ot and sidewalk paving, thus furnishinga_boundless supply of the best of material within casy access. - SNAKE STORY. JOHN MUIR'S Asna Friend of the Rattler, He Sets Naught Down in Malice, have before stated that I was a friend to the snake, and especially to the rattiesnake, John Muiv, the noted scientist aud of the great Muir glaciers in Alaska. to the San Francisco Examiner. 'his may sound strange to you, as it apparently has to others that T have told it to, but I can- not help that if T would, and. candidly, 1 don’t think T ought if I could. “The fuct is, the rattlesnake is a very much mal danimal. Most think he is lying around the watch to whom he can bite. It isn't s0. A rattier won't bother anybody is let along d L will always get i, “T had a striking illustration one time in the Yosemite valley, when 1 was doing some engineering work. It was in midsummer and the pretty valley was all abloom with vari-colored flowers. The g knee-deep. There were blue bells and yellow anemones, butter- cups, daisies, pansies innumerable and many more. “The scent of the pines was in the aiv. A gentle breeze was blowing and patches of shadow dotted here and there the sunlit, flower-adorned valley. T w walking along musing on the beauty of the sc and_with the sound of the Yosemite and Vernal falls in my ears. Looking over the verdure toward the bitan [ saw a peculiar black mark sticking straight up against the i7 At fivst sight it looked like a stake, but T knew there were no survey- ing stakes there. " So | said to mysel “This surely isa snake, and in all proba- bility a rattler. “I'stood and looked at him. He was just as erect and still as though he were a stake driven in the ground. I con- tinued to stand and look, and pretty soon I saw him move his head about slightly as he examined into the situa- tion. Then I knew it was a snake. He didn't know but I would go for him, and was studying me at a safe point of van- tage. *I remained and watched him. It was interesting. The snake displayed all the intelligence of a man, He grew more_confident of his position. Pretty soon I walked over toward him. Then he jerked down into the grass and [ couldn’t see him. ‘All right,’ I said, and [ kept on walking. Before 1 got to where he was [ stooped and waited. Ho didn’t show up immediately, but stayed below some tim “At length I saw the merest object like the end of a stick above the g It didn't move and for a moment 1 w half inelined to think it had alw suid very of this <8 was as ys been )ld my old fr the snake was before me. “I could see now that he was a large, handsome fellow, beautifully mottled. In coloved flowers and green grass ho was exquisit I walked toward him aguin, and then there was a peculiar winding, wavy motion of the grass, as of the wind playing in it. My fricnd was crawling away. I had a’ stick in my hand and could have overtaken and slain him, but I wouldn't do it ‘I have had many experiences with ttlers in the high Sierras while on the United States geological survey, and have unexpectedly come across hundreds of them. There was always a skurrying to get out of sight. No: this expe: with the Yosemite great snake taught me a valuable lesson. He is inquisitive and cur but that is all. He won't fight if you let him go his way.” - Busy people have no time, and sensible peo ple have no inclinationo use pills that make them sick a day for every doso they take Theyhave learncd that the use of De Witt's Little Early Risers does not interfere with theirhealth by causing nausea, pain or grip- ing. These little pilis are perfeet in action and results. vegulating the stomach and bowels so that headaches, dizziness and lussitude are prevented, They cleanse the blood, clear the complexion and tone up the .I~’\.~l m. Lots of health in these little fel- ows. 15, - Neal Dow's Vigorous Old Age. A gentleman who recently visited Augusta says that while he was descend- ing the state house steps he saw two old gentlemen meet and cordially shake hands, The short, spry old man, with hair of snowy whiteness reaching in wavy curls almost to his_shouleers, was General Neal Dow. His friend was a man prominent in Washington a half century ago—Senator James W. Brad- bury of Augusta. *‘General,” said Sen- tor Bradbury, ‘“‘we're getting to he pretty old boys now, but I guess we're as spry as those youngsters in [pointing to the representatives hall], ain't we The old general drew him- self up to his full height and proudly re- torted: “'Senator, in a month I shall be 89 yeavs old.” “Is that all?” repli wtor Bradbu “Why, I'm 01 The apostle of tewlperance said no more, : -~ . A High Ly a bad liver. He is bilious, constipated, hus indigestion and dyspeps If there is no_orgunic wouble a fow doses of Parks' Sure Cure will tone him up. Parks' Sure Cure is the only liver and kidney cure we sell on a positive guarautee, price $1.00 All druggists, Usually has enjoying for | ail the time on | there | GOLD CRISIS™ HAS PASSED Demands of Europe. for the Bullion Have for the Present Ueased. IN STOCKS CONFIDENCE IS RETURNING | Englisn Puarch proy nvestors Again Become Liberal s of Ameries ritios the Export Trade and pediate Effects, New Yonk, March 12 concerning the Henry Clews says In our last weekly review of the situation in Wall Street, we indicated an improvement in symptoms and a tende towards o calmer feeling. This drift has been without interruptions however, which shows that the Our rela- tions exhibit a very distinct improvement. There is less desire on the part of KEuropean banks to force remittances of gold from this country irvespective of what may be required by the commercial movement “The Bank of France seems to have satisfied [ 1ts desire to accumulate gold; and nothing | further is heard of efforts by the Austrian | government to augment its supply of that | metal.” This indicates an abatement, if not a suspension, of onc important causeof ghe last two months' drain upon our stock of gold, which amounts to au important relief ot th local situation Another evidence of improvement has ap peared in the shipment of quite important amounts of stocks and bonds to_ the London market, This is to be welcomed not merely for the suke of its increasing the supply of bills in London, but_still more as evidence the failure of congress to repeal the silver act has not so much dis ed forcign confidence in our investments ad been feared, No doubt the bull of these purchases have been of gold-bearing securities, but that discrimination implies that the misgivings amoug foreign in vestors apply principally to obliga tions that ~ might, under certain circumstances connceted with_ silver. be- come payavk in that metal. We cannot ex- pect foreigners to take freely the latter cluss of nvestments until the country has protected itself against the possibility of in- arring further commitments to the silver dungoer; but it is something to have these evidences of a willingness to take sceurities legully payable in gold; for, after all, the bulk of our corporate mortgages are made oxpressly payable in that form of money. To this extent we are protected against inordi nate veturns of securities to the home mar- ket and are assured of an outlet for them in periods of depression or disturbance on this side the Atlantic. Exports Have In his weekly letter business of Wall street, overy is not yet complete. with foreign markets eatl; Imorove I Another point of improvement in thesitus tion has arisen from an increase in the ex- povts of products. The late large shipments of wold have been lyrgely caused by the lightness of the exports of produce since January 1. That decrease, however, hus not been due to any lack of surplus commoditics for shipment: on thg contrary, the “visible supply’ of wheat und corn exceeds that we held at the same season following the un- precedented crops of 1801, The accu tion of grain is dud to our market being by speculation avove) the Europc Ihe export of vetton haus strained by similir causes. only a question of tijne when speculative holders must be compelled to accept the Buropean range of yalues; and the strin gency in money and the caution among lend- ers may be expected to apply that compul- sion at no distant diyi While, therefore, it must be expected tHat for the next wecks we shall stand exposed to the export of more gold, yet ‘it seems reasonable to expect that sich shipments will be mate sened by exports from this extraording arplus of products. ~ Uude the circy ances, therefor it likely turn out that' the unusual ports of specie u months were in ipate of what invariably takes place in the spring months. The mavked falling off in the port of gold during the last two weelts ha been due principally to the cessation of the direct and special demand from France, to the export o writies to London, to the re- vival of the shipments of produce, and to the advancing rates of iuterest on this market ing made it more profitable to employ foreign bulances here than to send them home. to ex- Some Matters Unsettled, All the forementioned facto the period of violent disturbance has passed its climax, and that a reaction has set 1 to- wards more normal conditions, changes will soon warrant the recover the tone of business at the Stock excha There are, however, fictors yet une : ined which may be expected fo hold the m- proving tendency in restraint more or less for an indefinite period. Among these w may mention the uncertainty as to whether congress will be convened in extra session befor regular period to deal with cer- tain urgent que: s the ym_ President Cleveland's inaugur: s of any definite intimations as to what measures he would favor or con- demn in respect to silver, bank currency, the treasy goid reserve and the tariff, 1t may be presumed that the president decmed such specifie references as suitable for an an udcress to congress rather than in a declaration to the people at large; but it is nevertheless something of a_disappointment that no light has come from the chicf magis. trate as to what form of legislation may be hoped for under the present disordercd con- dition of large material interests The current free efilux of currency interior hias not been generally exp some uneasin to the ted and among large spéeu- holders of stocks. The current rates of exchange at the west show that the out- flow is due to legitimate trade causes, how- ever unusual for the season, and the increasc in the export of grain on account of interior owners may in_part account for the change, while the remittances to Boston are prob- bly due to large transfers of Eng uritics in_connection with current rail | rond deals. Tt can hardly be expected, how cver, that these irregular movemeuts will be long continued. For the immedidte, fu- ture, however, we may not expect an ea money market. FOKREIGN FINANCIAL REVI Markets Influenced by the Situation in the Unlted States—Othel Loxnos, March 11:=Discount rates were firm during the past week at 13 for three months and 2 for shégt. The financial situa- tion in the United Sgates is the leading iufiu ence that affects the'money and stock mar- kets. High class investment stocks and home and Indian funds have been especially affected by the talk of probable borrowing by the Umited States. Thece is a consensus of opinion here now that the negotiations in that direction have been tentative and pro visional, and that jthe United States will tide the: temporary dificulty until a definite’ monetary policy been _ adojted, especlully as r demands, have lessenca. Silver was quict during the week. The marker to some extent sapported by the smull mount of offering. " Jusiness on the Stock s was extremely inactive. The mar ed asteep, and even brokers of the highest standing complained of an_absence of orders. Argentine sceurities improved slightly at the close, owing to the announce ment that the Argentiue government had paid the East Argentine railway £40.00 in cash instead of funding bonas. Consols closed with _a decline of one-fourth point for the week. Foreign securities were, in the wain, steady. Arvgentine gained 2 points Arvgentiue funding loan, 2155 Argentine con sols, 21 and Brazilian, 15 Greek securi ties fell 2 w 24 English railway largely on account 1 weather. American railway securities agd disappointing, although th not without confidence in o ) Northern PPacific fell 1 points; Lake Shor 1: Wabash preferred,’ 1; Ilinois Central, thi fourths; Missourl, Kunsis & one-half; Atchison, one-fourth; Mississippi, ono-fourth; Denver & Rio Grande, ono-third ; Exie, one-fourth; Union Pacific, ouo-fourth; Centrul Pacifie galned eatures. over sceurities were st of un unbroken spell were weak mar Ohio_& 1 | ment local veto bill one-fourth : Norlc iun I Louisyille & Nashville, one- Ik & Western, ono-half. securitios were dull. Grand nteed aud first and second 14 points each: Grand | ference, one-half; Canadian | Onttle Trade Closes N one-half: Mexicea Railway, first Soar forence, fell 15 ; Mexican Railway, ordi- | nary, 1;: Mexican Railway, second preference, throe-fourths (in the miscellaneous department thor @ general fall in brewery sha introduction in Parliament @10.00; & dull, eusy ; o 0.7, 017 & i Trunk preferen OMAHA LIVE on 1 Kk an tu with the week previow recelpts of [ lows Recolpts have b uted the past we was | show a considera res, due to the of the govern On'the Paris 1 Pants, March 12.—On the the past week the falling market was accen tuated by reports from savings banks that disbursements again la ly exceeded de posits. Three per cent rentes declined 02t centimes; Credit Foncier, 10 francs; Rio Tinto, b francs 2 centimes; Argentine bonds rose 7 francs 50 centimes and Brazilians 1 franc 60 centimes, o Recelpts this weok bourse during | Ruceints et week Sume week Tast yoar ollowing the recelp orn markets cadtle rubly and at t day and Wednesday demoralized, with i prices for both heet s then the market s b g and the week ¢ thing o close of Taet w Speculutive shipper freely as u

Omaha Daily Bee dated March 13, 1893

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