The Washington Bee Newspaper, April 1, 1893, Page 4

THE UMBRELLA _ REPRESENTATIONS OF THEM ARE FOUND IN NINEVEH RUINS. Of Ancient Origin as an Emblem of High Rank—Pecullar Uses to Which it Was Put in Early Times— Introduced Into England in the Fourteenth Century. The word umbrella is a diminutive from the Latin umbra, and signifies “a little shade.” Representations of them are found in the ruins of Nineveh and on the monuments of Egypt. As an emblem of high rank it is of very an- cient origin. The king of Burmah bas for one of his titles, “lord of the twen- ty-four umbrellas.” In China and In. dia ite use is very ancient, and it had ' also apparently some religious signifi- cation. In the fifth incarnation of Vishnu, the god is spoken of as going down tothe infernal regions bearing an umbrella in his hand. The princes of the blood in India have two gilt um- brellas with handles ten or fifteen feet in length borne over their heads, the other officers of state but one. The umbrella of the king was of white silk. In the middle ages it was used as an emblem of rankin the church. The cardinals and bishops were allowed to have them borve over their heads in solemn processions. All the large churches, especially the cathedral churches, ewned an umbrella to be used in the processions. Kersey’s English Dictionary (1708) defines the umbrella as “a screen com- monly used by women to keep off rain.” The umbrella was probably introduced into England about the fourteenth cen- tury. The Harleian Ms. No. 603, has & drawing of an Anglo-Saxon gentleman walking out, with aservant behind him carrying an umbrella over his head, with a handle that slopes backward. Beaumont and Fietcherand Ben Jonson refer to their use. They were at first kept in halls of great houses, and coffee-houses, to be used in passing from the door to the carriage, but Jonas Han- way, an eccentric traveller and philoso- pher, is believed to have been the first man of note who carried one in the streets. He encountered a great deal of ridicule for so doing. In Greece the umbrella and parasol were more used by women of rank. In Rome its usewas confined to women and effeminate men. DeFoe, in his Robinson Crusoe, described an umbrella made by Robinson, and covered with skins. The Chinese had adopted it at a very early dateof their history, and were the only people who did not con- fine its use tothe king and the princes of the blood, with whom, however, the man who was privileged must be a man of wealth and position. The common people made their hats broad, and of a shape so similar to the umbrella, that with their cloak of rushes they were alike protected from the sun and rain. The Japanese have used them ever since they established themselves in their island empire. The Taming of Animals. There are few benefits which we owe to our forefathers greater than the end- less skill and patience with which they tamed those animals which we call at the present day “domestic.” It must have required a steady perseverance, extending through countless genera- tions, to have suceeeded in inducing such essentially wild and mistrustfal animals as cats to lay aside their timid- ity and suspicion, and to become the faithful friends of man. The people who accomplished this great benefit for posterity had more leisure than their restless and hard- worked descendants; they were gener- ally speaking, members of slave States, in which the food supply was plentiful, and in which we may suppose that both masters and slaves had plenty of time on their hands. In some cases the ob- vious utility of the animals caused them to be tamed; in some cases this very utility came to invest them with a special sanctity, which, as in the case |, cost oF STOPPING A TRAIN. 1 of the cat in Egypt and the cow in In- | dia, afforded an additional guarantee for their preservation. The ancients seem to have tamed almost all the existing animals known .to them that were worth taming; had they known the American bison, they might have added him to the list of draught animals we possess; possibly, too, the weasel, stoat, and polecat might have been reclaimed and em- ployed as a useful foe to vermin. It is certain that some animals which were once tamed have been allowed to re- lapse into a wild state, such as hawks, monkeys and crocodiles in Egypt, and weasels in Greece and Rome. Facts About Gray Hair. Many persons begin to show gray hairs while they are yet in their twen- ties, and some while in their teens. This does not by any means argue a Ree? decay of the constitution. it is purely a local phenomenon, and may oo-exist with unusual bodily vigor. Many feeble persons and others who have suffered extremely, both mentally and physically, do not blanch a hair until past middle life; while others, without any assignable cause, lose their capillary coloring matter rapidly when about forty years of age. Race has a marked influence. The traveler Dr. d’Aubigny says that in the many years hespent in South America he never saw a bald Indian, and scarce- ly a gray-haired one. In the United States sex appears to make little difference. Men and women el gtay about the same period in le. In men the hair and beard rarely change equally. The one is usually darker than the other for several years, Dut there seems to be no general rule as to which whitens first. The spot where grayness begins dif- fers with the individual. The philoso- pher Schopenhauer began to turn gray on the temples, and he consequently formed a theory that this wes an ipdi- gation of great montal activity. » It is 10 Cents For the Locomotive and 6 Cents for Each Coach. By a series of calculations it has been demonstrated that it costs a rail- road company 10 cents to stop a loco- motive and 4 cents for each stop of s passenger car, say the Detroit Free Press, lt often happens that a passenger does not make any move to leave the train until the order is given to go ahead, and the train must be stopped again to let the slow-going passenger off. This little incident costs the rail- road company 16 or 20 cents, sometimes as much as the tardy passenger has paid. Thss is one of the little leaks that a railroad company undertakes to guard against, and the number of coaches’ to a train is limited to save expense of stoppage, as well as to lessen the num- ber of pounds of coal consumed and wear and tear of its running gear., Farewell to Greatness. It is hard for people who have made a notable success in any direction to outlive their greatness and sink to the level of the less gifted or fortunate; but they can comfort themselves with the thought that it was better to have been somebodies than always to have lived nobodies. Who has not laughed at the story of Theodore Hook, who met a pompous stranger in Hyde Park so very often trudging along disdain- fully that one morning his own curios- ity challenged bim to address Monsieur. Pomposity with: “Sir, pardon me, but I am burning to know if you really are anybody in particular.” The stranger sadly answered: “Not now; but I once was;” and he then resumed his self- gratulatory pedestrianism. These “have beens” are to be found everywhere. Enter a public library for instance. At atable one sits who long ago wrote a successful novel. He never again be- came an author yet he lives on the memory and association of that one yolume. How often he thumbs the catalogue at the point where his novel is indexed! At home he has a scrap book of articles he has written for newspapers and periodicals. With what apparent nonchalaunce he will sometimes point to it when a guest is present, and sey with affected diffi- dence, “when I wrote this’—when I penned this”—“this little brochure of mine,” etc. He isa familiar type of the “have beens.” Perhaps the saddest members of this class are the singers who have lost their voces, and the actresses who realize that they are growing too stout for juvenile parts, and must give up their accustomed repertoires. What a pathetic wail is there in the well known observation of Mademoiselle Dejazet—a mademoiselle in name at seventy—“When we are young and beautiful we are not yet actresses; and when we become such, alas, we are no longer young and charming.” But of all places, Wash- ington is the locality in which to view or take a census of “have beens,” During congressional sessions the class can be met in groups or else in singles —ex-governors of many years gone by, ex-senators, ex-department officials, and now and then an ex-president. And all walking about unnoticed but reminis- cent. Some of them are happily phil- osophical; others mourn their departed greatness, and talk’of the decadence of the times; but all are alike forgotten. Happy is he who is at the top round of the philosophical ludder, who thence | looking backward or forward, can real- ize that no man is necessary to the world; and that when in the battle of life Jones is wounded, or Smith miss- ing, or Brown killed, or Smiffkins cashiered, another officer or some new recruit will be at hand to take the vacant place. The Extinction of the Kiss. The kiss of affection| and romantio love is celebrated in the song and story of allages. Sacred literature justifies and honors the holy kiss of religious sympathy and fellowship. The meet- ing of the lips has always been witb our race the universal and natural and spontaneous expression of the most tender sentiment. Now sanitary science pushes itself forward to degrade the kiss to the level of sewer gas and the many agencies by which noxious and infectious disease is propagated. It is demanding the abol- ition of the practice as a remnant of barbarous ignorance of the laws of health. It would subordinate romantic sentiment to cautious prudence, and forbid the lover to embrace his sweet- heart, even as a seal of their betrothal, until they are able to produce medical certificates that they are free from the transmissable germs of disease. For several years past prudent parents, under the instruction of their physicians have guarded their young children jealously against the indiscrim- inate kissing which was once in vogue, lest those poisonous germs be transmit- ted to the babies. It is a reasonable precaution, for undoubtedly danger ex- ists, as the germ theory of disease is more generally accepted, peril of such contact is appreciated the more intelli- gently. If, then, there is a serious risk for children in careless kissing, say the preachers of sanitary science, it is a risk which older people must avoid also. Even the cherry red and pouting lips of beauty may convey material poison along with the rapture of love they express so romaniically. The most ardent manifestation of mas- culine devotion may be the means of planting the seed of disease, which will bring forth a fruitful crop of maladies sent down through generations. Thus cold and prudential science. is invading the realm of tender and ro- | mantic, poetic and religious sentiment, | other beam projecte! from it about 6 and destroying as a pest house the very temple in which the love of all ages has offered up its worship. It isan appalling revolution. iS | — * The man with plenty of fot mort. grats lives on the lien of the lend. a ee IN RUSSIA'S CLAWS. TERRIBLE EXPERIENCE OF TWO AMERICAN SAILORS IN SIBERIA. Nearly Died of Hunger.—Released by the j Commander of the U. 8, 8, Marion.—Tor- ture with the Knaut.—Male and Female Ealles Cruelly Treated. The steamer Gaelic, which has just ar- rived from Chiva, brouzht to San Fran- _cisco, Louis A. Paradyce, who gives # ‘terrible account of the cruel treatment he and a companion received and of the inhumauities practiced in Siberian penal ttlemeuts by the authority of tle Rus- sian Goverument, Paradyce was asailor on the sealing schooner Mary H. ‘Thomas, and he, with another sailor numed Wilson went ashore on the coast of Kumschatka to fill water casks. A hurricane drove the schoone off and the men were left ashore. They had no provisions and traveled inland to acamp of Russian soldiers, They were seized and accused of being spies. They were sent to Carazock, a convict station. Paradyce tells of horrible cruelty inflict ed-on the prisoners there. Although Wilson and himself were roughly treat ed, they were not flogged, as other pris- oners were, - There were about six thou sand convicts at tie stution. and every Wednesday those who had disobeye:i rules during the week. were given fifty lashes with the kuout. OF 16,000 convicts in camp, 1,800 wore aballaud chain, Many men were tou feeble to walk and were dragged along by their companions. Soldiers would prod them with bayonets to make them move more quickly, The convicts were fed with black bread and raw salt meat. Finally Paradyce and Wilson were ta- ken to Viadivustock. From there they were sent to the Kara gold fields, a fit teen days’ journey, They suffered frightfully from hunger and fatigue. Wilson xave out and had to be carried in a wagon. The United States steamer Marion put in at Viadivostock and the officers were informed by a merchant named Smith of Paradyce and Wilson’s fate. The commander of the Mariou de- manded that the prisoners be given up, and after cousiderable delay this was done. They were taken to Shanghai on the Marion and placed in a hospital, As soon as Paradyce was able to travel he was sent to Hong Kong on the Gaelic, and thence came to this country. | ELLIOTT F. SHEPARD DEAD. Se Expires Under Ether While Preparing for an Operation. Colonel Elliott Fitch Shepard, editor of the Mailand Express and son in-law of the late William H. Vanderbilt, died euddenly at his home, No 2 West Fifty- second street, New York, His death followed the administration of ether by Dr. Charles McBurney and the family physician, Dr. J. W. McLane, who were about to raake an examination to ascer- tain whether the Colonel’s suspicions that he suffered from stone in the biad- der were correct, He had sent his fam- ily into the country, and kept his pur- pose to have an operation concealed from his friends, After a small amount of ether was administered, dangerous symp- toms resulted. The doctors desisted, and applied restoratives, and he rallied for a time, but later sank into unconsciousness and died. The immediate cause of death was cedema of the lungs. Col. Shepard was aman of great wealth and business activity. He was an earnest Christian and moralist, and much esteemed in pri- vate life, | Col. Shepard was born at Jamestown, | N. Y., July 25, 1888, | His father, Fitch _ Shepard, was president of the National * Bank Note Company in the city of New | York, Elliott was graduated from the _ University of the City of New York in i 1855, was admitted to the bar in 1858, and practised law for more than a quar- ter of acenturyin New York. During the civil war, 1861-1865, he served as aide-de-camp on the staff of Governor E. D. Morgan, of the State of New York. He commanded the depot of State volunteers at Elmira, N. Y., and was instrumental in organizing, equip- ping and forwarding to the field nearly 50,000 men. He was counsel for tlie New York Central and other railroads and corporations. He established three national banks and in 1876 founded the New York State Bar Association, of which, subsequently, he was president. This has long since served as the model for the organization of similar associa- tions in other States, He married the eldest daughter of William H. Vander- bilt in 1868. He has been conspicuous for some years as an advocate of the “Christian Sabbath,” as a defender of railroads and as an ardent Republican, and made the Mail and Express the medium of his views, , THE PENSION OFFICE. The President Will Not Appoint a Poli tician. It is inferred from statements made to Congressmen that the Presideut is look ing for a business man to appoint as Pension Commissioner, In fact, he hae expressed his intention to divorce the office from politics and to select a Com- missioner who will conduct it purely on business principles. A number of names for appointment for the Commissioner- ship have been presented to Mr. Cleve- Jand, and it is said he is proceeding warily in the hope of selecting a man who can keep his skirts clear of the un- pleasant notoriety which has come to the office in recent years, Ballt His Own Gallows. After working for several days on his own gibbet, despondent Tailor William Klein, of New York, aged 80, hanged himself in his bed room. The beam of his gibbet was nailed to the wall, An- feet from the floor and was supported by | a piece of wood running across the angle. | Eleven months ago he ran a needle into his right hand. Blood-poisoning set iv and he could sew.no more, He had six children and the condi.fon of his family had become desperate. : GANTIC COKE STRIKE. _. The Frick Company's Thousands of Work« men Want More Pay. A dispatch from Connellsville, Pa., eays: There are prospects of a strike in the coke regions this spring and summer that will rival, if not surpass inextent, the great strike at Homestead last summer. The recent strike ut the Mount Braddock works over the amount of coal to be “heaped” in mine wazons reveals the fact that this is a widespread grievance, the miners claiming that the operators get two extra bushels to every ton. The miners either want more money for & load or demand that the loads shall be smaller, H.C. Frick and Andrew Car- negie practically control the region, out- put, market and wages, Andrew Car- negie is the second largest stockholler in the H. C. Frick Coke Company, and Mr. Frick’s success in subduing labor in Connellsville region led to his election as chairman of the Carnegie Steel Com- pany, in which capacity he succeeded in whipping the Homestead strikers, As the Frick Company controls thousands of coke ovens in this region, the number of its employers here is vastly greater ; than the number of iron workers at ; Homestead. The Connellsville coke works were originally manned by the English speaking people, but they were replaced by Huns, who have become much more dangerous unionists than their predecessors, The Carnegie companies, both as cokers and steel makers, are now exper- pnenunk with negro labor, imported from the South. About 250 negroes from Alabama and Georgia, many with their wives and children, arrived at Braddock on March 12, and will have the preference over foreigners in the dis- tribution of work. If a strike occurs here, as now seems probable, the first move Mr, Frick will make will be to introduce negroes, His company was the first in Western Pennsylvania to put Sothern Europeans in the iron mills, and is now the first to get negroes as susti- tutes, HAITI PLUNGED IN WAR. Insurgents Cross the Frontier and a Fierce Battle Follows. The threatened revolt in Haiti, against President Hippolyte’s iron rule has come and already a decisive battle has been fought on the frontier, according to a dispatch received in New York, The in- surgents have been secretly gathering strength in San Domingo for some time and enough was known of their plans to cause considerable nneasiness in Govern- ment circles. The guards at the frontier were doubled, and it is probable that the reported battle occured between some of these forces and the insuryents. The battle is said to have been decisive, but the result was not stated. As the news comes from Port au Prince, the seat of President Hippolyte’s Government, the inference desired to be conveye.! is that the authorities were victorious. This statement must be taken with consider- able allowance, because the same dis- patch which brings this news adds that more troops are being hurried to the fron- tier. ‘Whatever may be the outcome of the present conflict, it can only add to the troubles of the unhappy island. If the insurgents win, the load of debt incurred by the war, which would certainly prove a large one, will be a heavy burden for the poor Haytians. If the Government should prove victorious, there will un- doubtedly follow a demand for indem- nity on San Domingo, and in case of re- fusal another bloody and expensive war might ensue, IRISHMEN FOR IRELAND. The Home Rule Bill Indorsed by New Yorkers in Mass Meeting A message was cabled to William E. Gladstone from New York by the Na- tional Federation of America, pledging him their most vigorous support in his efforts to carry through the Home Rule bill, and expressing the sentiments of thousands who had gathered at the Academy of Music to indorse this action and the tens of thousands of Irishmen throughout America who are loyal to their motherland, The message was as follows: “We, the citizens of New York, in mass meeting assembled, beg to tender you our heartfelt sympathy in your ef- forts to achieve for Ireland the long- sought-for meacure of justice, which we trust God will enable you to speedily carry to asuccessful termination, and we pledge you our vigorous aud continued support through the struggle.” Thos, Addis Emmett, Morgan J. O’Brien, John Byrne. This was the keynote of the great gathering of Irishmen at the Academy Sunday evening. The people listened to patriotic airs by the Sixty-ninth Regi- ment Band, and cheered enthusiastically when Judge Morgan, the presiding offi- cer, and Cougressman Bourke Cockran came on the platform, followed by a number of other prominent men. IMPORTANT LAND DECISION. Against the Southern Pacific Railroad and Opens Thousands of Acres. Secretary Hoke Smith has rendered his first land decision. It was in the case of | the Southern Pacific Railroad Company — und involved the question of the right of that company to lands within its granted limits and the limits of the grant to the Atlantic & Pacific Railroad Company, basing its claims on the ground that the latter company never complied with its requirement of grants in the matter of locating its road and the forfeiture of its grantin 1876. The Secretary holds that the Southern Pacific Company had ac- quired no title to the lands in question under its grant. This decision operates | to open these lands, aggregating many thousands of acres in Southern Califor- nia to settlement and entry. The Com- missioner of the General Land Office is accordingly directed to take such steps as may be necessary to restore them to the public domain. - Fa =) t . . Bs..Li8 62 908 F Sire t, N. 4 WasusrutTon ————— OU -eCPlve beg. tu sud seyerit HE INDUSTidsiL fC: IN« NDo VIG aia ti y ; wes, Sbrice GA ee we) mo piy. Divide ads aeciot ‘y danuary S:c et sy’e (th O9 Fan we Up, Ga. uw pw. Mou tity mee suge « Memos puree, er Li d Kots, ». wy, Ort Ms tub inevcymot. biksnY bake eur AcVerlise 1D the BEE. Rooms with Buard: Iv firs Cass buuse aod in a popular port uf the city, Cars pass the duo 922—11 so Special Overcoat aii. SALE, We have heen enttirg right and left into our OVERCOAT SALE evor since we have put them before the { public. For the aeasen, that the styles and Qualities of theve Over- noats canuot be purcbax+d at the manofacturing price tor what we te se'ling them at. Don’t mes is slaughtering s:Ie, as bere is «ly a small lot tefr. JULIUS COLES CHE P 'OR‘E ssenth ard LS:-- tstablished Fifty. fhe Years. tAVEN & BACON, —Now— RAVEN PIANOS, Fast 16th Street, New ¥ ai Byes etn than ees anton, “ete PLANTS ~ BULBS, S22", 25 thousands of Ilustrations, and nearly 150 tel what to buy, and where to. get ft, ax: pamiog oi ‘and for hoi Price of GUIDE Petinding a Certificate good for 10 cents worth of Savda, JAMES VICK, SEEDSMA, echoater, B. Yo {as tea = AFRO-AMERICAN PRESS, 03 E017 9RD 3 Se Pvt Oaaian. Paw ees ID . od OE = tS Te SE ee 4 ie aE Purtee ro Crown Octavo, 560 Paczs. (LLUSTRATED witn160 FINE PORTRAITS, (QLANY OF WHICH HAVE NEVER ties SLEN PUBLISHED), i, €., Russwurm, P. A Beil. pow Eat egeben Mesees, BR Wari, Wills A. Teegecand ccneen & Rew chapter in tne world’s hiswry No her book or cuntains it whos wake gtort A a reer Se are, ier tors and exclusive terror; to GILLEY @ CO.. Pueuenens Bat © ee eyrere By fae Pap Yeu PY CAS ~w ANDO ve. Pur We, i bay you a t& 7 CITY OF Bowig "h CaS, Pax Way @ first PET Deity yf, red pe ple tb seen he. Weekiy jai ter ; te eck oF we botars per 100 815 ely of ba b Wa a 8 pe TUR ah tbe miu wel the Baise y Oiad ae od Pope Cicek Rated clegr ph sou ix; &85 © be~ depo cn te Bult a we Pot Cra tr ou, or urcbesap. bo Is vin ady baie be mest bewthiui sp “ini Ma Fata lies, 3 peflect. Nu ioxes, a m - aBeI8 of dots will evelve ecus, With certificate Free” PRICE OF LOTS ONLY Sig ‘TERMS OF 1 UKCHASL: Hyg ok lars cash aud (Wo dolls Miyath, with uv iwieres,, By cas, 10 per cent dise uu): gi) cay 20 per cent dise aut. _ Money will be wdvanced ty pg ties des-riug tu build. it abusband purchaser ¢ betore bis purchase io ¢ Dapiet & deed lu lee Will be given hy widow, if the prope TY Dae b Muproved, or if uct. the mg, they Of tt : preseuis ap Opport bity vever velure offered they Ored people of the cy ot Ingiou to secure 4 valuabiel eliber 88 ab lwVestMent of tor ; bome vz monthly payments, Qt Lhe same time, evitiled ue to @ vote and & Vuice in the | ernest of the county. ‘ There who apply ovst, wil by the BF8. Chule. vi lots, Altcody way have made iy bomer ID the sry oi Do eDu © be pure: ad te (th: 100d do ne ‘ t ta a P iWbss ‘ b “WC ALYS car, u p is . Seg duvet Iu wy, vikeCTune, Juv. Ro Lyech, ‘ee Jvseph weUure, Wb. Mel | Juus A, Llerre, J. WE. wtantews, W.d. diow g anes J.T. Bisd.ru, pe W.d- Le Itun, ase. Lavell, dalues O10M J. a, dub di. b Mont Strickland, LANA SHOKE: No. 989. Pernsysvunia Aven Ms Washington D 0. a sures Dyspepsia, 1m digesticn & Debilit? Jodiason, Secretar