The Sun (New York) Newspaper, September 21, 1872, Page 2

Tt Shines for AML SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1872, Amusements Ta-Day, American TH: Rooth's Theatre—T)« te . Bowery Theatre To ben Han Bryant's Minstrel ta (Uf sheet Dry Dock Crews, Ae! r Fmerson’s California Minstrels Fifth Avenue Theatre's Mavoees fat, Matteo en Mauwer It of Blaine and Colfax. In that one of his valuable letters upon the Credit Mobilier bribery which we pub- lish this morning, Mr. Gronor ALFrep Townsenp calls attention to the fact that Scnvyrier Coreax and James G. BLaine are alike responsible while filling the office of Speaker of the House of Represents tives for keoping Oakes Ames at the head of the Pacific Railroud Committee of the Mouse, Whether they were bribed by Ames or not, both Conrax and AISE knew that he was a leading man among the Pacific Railroad speculators; that he was a manager of the Credit M» bilier; that asa member of Congress he was not only constantly voting upon questions deeply affecting his own pe- cuniary interests, but that when the made bim Chairman of the Pacific Rail- road Committee they enormously in- creased his power to make himself richer nd richer, and that they themselves be- came answer for his acts in. that rela tion, They knew that it was a gross viola- tion of propriety on the part of Ames to het as A member of Congress upon motior resolutions, and bills respecting the Union ‘acitic Railroad, and they also knew that ‘it was a still greater impropriety for them to put and keep Ames at the head of the committee by which legis!ation up- on that concern was to be prima- rily shaped and directed, And yet they @eliberately and continuously were guilty of this vivlution of official decency und duty. How vain it is for either Mr. Bratwe or Mr. Conrax to deny that they were ever bribed by Astes when this damning fact of their putting and keeping Ames at the head of the | Railroad during nearly ten years stands upon the record nud cannot be disputed or ¢ pe ventions s Livingstone*s Geography—liew the Nile Question Stands ia the Year 187%. African exploration has aways bee particularly :ruitful in quarrels among seientific men, ‘They began a hundred years ago, when James Brvce, the § sh traveller, returned from his famous jour- Nile, then supposed to be the main stream the great river. His veracity was openly questioned; anda large class of intelligent persons in England denounced his curious and interesting narrative as for the most part fabricated, although it has been con- firmed by modern traveliers in’ almo: woiti¢ Committce every det Controversies of various kinds concerning Africa Lave oecupled the attention of geographers from thut time to this; not the bitter enmity toward Capt. Jou Haxxine SPeKe, the discoverer of the great — Victoria Lake, on the part of the well known Capt. Rienano FB. Burros, also an African traveller of distinction, In one Fespect this disazreement is the most dis- graceful of any which we have to record It will be remem ed that Capt. SreKeg, shortly after bis return from the Nile, and just prior to a mecting of the British Asso- ciation at which he expected to be present, Was killed while out shooting, dental discharge of his TON’s malignant hostil his death, in a book on Zanzibar, published in 1871, he tinctly suggests that Speke really committed suicide, in order to ay oid discussing his new with hin (Berto) at the approaching meeting of English men of science, ‘Lue disputes which have recently arisen in regard to the pa- pers brought from Africa by Mr, Henny M. Srayiey, the correspondent of the dicrald, ave not so bad as this; but they tuffciently acrimonious to maintain the traditional reputation belonging to all questions concerning African geography, Although doubts have been freely ex- pressed in many quarters as to the authen- Ucity of the Livingstone -STANLEY letters and despatches, we du not propose now to by the acci- Such is Bur- ty that years after exainine that question, We shall, how- ever, review their cont nd eudeavor to ascertain what geozraphical facts, if any, are revealed in thou, In order to do this intelligibly, it is necessary to explain pomething of what was known of the re- gion to be explored when Livyinasrove set out, in the autumn of 1 present undertaking, and also the precise task before him, At that time the Victoria» bear the equator, and Above the sea level upon his what was yanza orluke, everal thousund feet was known to be the source of u vast stream running northward, Capt. Seeke and Ca t. GRANT, its discov. it satistied, South ng north anyika, a lon neet of water, vrers, did aot follow this river throughe ts downward course, but were that it was the Nile, east of the Victoria Luke, stret« and south, lies Lake Tan and comparatively narrow neverthelos bn the eastern goust of which stands the how celebrated town of Ujiji, The north- ern extremity of this lake bad never been Visited by Kuvopeans, and Uae direction of its outlow Was unkuown, Still further southeast lies the smaller Lake Nyassa covered by Livincsrone himself on a previous expedition, Nothing was then kuown, however, of the country t With this stateim: grea tween nt, the rtook, those two lakes, work which tt traveller up as ¢ the Journal of the Royal a ” can readily be un. d erprise Livingstone will r his own Lake Nyassa * froin the north, and next Vunvanyika ia fed by rivers south, He will then: fix n of the Tanganyika, and what extent » flow inte or out of it; and it » will further settle the great at tlonof Waters tay flow north War from the Vaugan He was to water commu Nyassa and ly, whether with the Nile The eartic toward the Ni certain first, whether any cation existed between the sanyika Lakes, an ond Tanganyika was counected portion of the journey was described in his despatches which reached Foghind from time to time, A report that he had been murdered by some of his Hative followers induced the Roya) Geo- graphical Society to send out an expedi- tion of inquiry under Mr, Evwarp D, Youno, in 1867, which penetrated to the southern end of Lake Nyassa, and obe tained conclusive proof that the story was untrue, Letters were subsequently re« ceived showing that the asserted connec- tion between N saand Tanganyika did not exist. That part of his euterprise was therefore disposed of, The Nile question alone remained; but a new condition had been added to the prob= lem by tho discovery of the Albert N anza, anmounced in England in the same year, 1 This immense fresh water lake is situated northwest of the Vic- toria Lake, and receives the river which Sreke saw flowing of the latter. So vast is its volume of water,” says Sir Samven Baker, its discoverer, “that no single stream seeins to influence its level. Even the great river (SreKe's Nile) from the Victoria enters the great reser- voir absorbed without a perceptible curs rent.” It now became important that Livinestoxr should determine the rela- tions not only between the previously known Nile basin and such waters ashe might encounter, but also those between the latter and this great reservoir. He wrote home on Feb. 1 and 2, 1867, Dec. 14, 1867, and July 8, 1868, Among the letters bearing the last-mentioned date was a despatch to the Earl of Crarenpon, ‘The resnits of his explorations up to that date are briefly summed up in its opening sentences: “I think that Imay safely as- sert that the chief sources of the Nile rise between 10 deg. and 12 deg, south lati- tude, or nearly in the position assigned to them by Prouemy.” It will be ob: 1 that this is very far south of the Victoria and Albert Lakes, both of which are in the immediate neighborhood of the equa- tor, In the same despatch he refers to the “desecration” which his geographical po- sitions had suffered at home as a reason why he should remain the guardian of his own observations until publication, “1 regret this," he adds, “because the upset ting of a canoe or anything happening to myself might lead to. the entire loss of the discoveries.” He wre Ujiji to hi at Zanzibar, © again on May 90, 1869, from riend De, Kins, British Consul This letter contained the latest news recvived from him prior to the arrival of My. SraNiey, In it he ato che won! to connect t WK) to 700 tiles « > be done by me Which I discove of SPEKE and is only d froin BAKEW'S with thelr Nile. The volume of water which flow horth from latitude Lideg. south ts solange, that suspect Lhave been working at the eo f Congo as Well a «of the Nile. ‘The mand central tines of drainage ree Nunvisited lake west or fout hi low of this luke, Whether to Congo or this, called Manyema, are cannibals, if Aral Phe lapse of more than two years with+ utany trusiworthy intelligence from the explorer uaturally much anxiety in his behalf. Late last autumn, Ugh the joint efforts of the British A miralty aud the Royal Geographical So- ctety, the so-called Livixastone Search and Relief Expedition was fitted out, and . Hon of Tie 3 sutepants Heny and Dawson of thw Royal iba Mr. W. OsWELL Lrvinasrong, son of the lost traveller, They arrived at Zanzibar only to hear of Mr. STANLEY'S success, He had left the coast on his march fuland late in the spring of 1571, had met the object of their search, whom he found alive and well, and was on the way back with tidings from him, Such was the intelligence thu greeted them; and on Mr, STANney's arri- val the expedition was abandoned, The tidings which STANLEY brought have by this time been published in almost every part of the globe where the English lan- guage is spoken, They are embraced ly in the two letters to Mr. Jaates Gorpon Beynerr, and in sever patches to Lords Stayner, CLAREND and GRANVILLE r dated be= tween 1870 and 1 In them we nd no longer any expressions of reluctance to # the results of his explorations, and 18 todetermine with consid- ty what are his present views Whether those scientific crite ma pectively they ¢ able cert of African g graphy. views will stand the test of cism remains to be seen He says: “1 have ascertained that the watershed of the Nile isa broad upland, between 10 deg. and 12 deg, south latitude, 1d from 4,000 feet to 6,000 feet above the velof the sea.” ‘This watershed, which is situated southwest of Lake Tanganyika and about « jui-distant between the Atlan- Uc and Indian Oceans, extends 700 miles east and west, Stretching northward from it und passing to the west of Tanganyika is A great Valley system of lakes and rivers, uprising four large lines of drainage, which LivixGeroxe pronounces * the head Waters or mains of the river of Ezypt, that is, of the Nile, “Then all unite into one enormous lacustrine river, the central line of drainage, which I call Weun's Lua- laba, In this great valley there fare five greut lakes, Oue near the upper (orsouth- era) end is culled Lake Bemba, or more properly Bangweolo, but it is not a source of the Nile, for no great river begins ina take," On this vast watershed, from which flows #0 enormous a body of water, rise the springs Which Livaxasvone believes to b the ultimate or primary sources of the Nile. The great lah tem, how- ever, of which the Lualaba is the m: p river s. a stream, lies so far weet of the Victoria and Albert Lakes, discovered by Speke and Baker, that ho believes it lo be connect not with them, but with what is known ¢ Pernenten’s Nile, or the Bulr-el-Ghazal an important river, but heretofore re- garded merely asa tributary of the White Nile, which enters the latter froma west- erly direction in about 9 deg. 30m. north latitude, If this theory is correct, Pera- ERICK’S stream, aud not the White river must be the trae Nile, contrary to the almost unanimous opinion of geographers up to the present time, Mr. STANLEY remained with Livinastoy: at Ujiji, Unyanyembe, and elsewher hundred and three di visited the nortl , one 8. Together they nend of Lake Tanga yika, and found decisive proof that ith no connection with the Nile. A lar iv cn 1 the Rusizi, flows info the li at that point. eaving the explorer at the town of Un- yanyembe, between the lake and the sea: const, SUANLEY started for Zanzibar on the ith of March last, and thence sailed at once for England, He attended the meot- ing of the British Association for the Ad- vancement of Science at Brighton last month, and read a paper before the ge graphical section, describing some of the events of his journey, The subsequent discussious, both on that occasion and in the press, concerning the reported dis ies, and their relations to our existing knowledge, are of much interest, It must be borne in mind that to doubt the correctness of Dy. Lyvinoetone’s Reo graphical theories is in no respect to de- tract from firmly-established and rich- ly-merited fame ns an explorer. No one doubts the existence of what ho asserts that he has seen, That there is in Central Africa the magnificent watersh which he describes and has traced throughout 600 miles of its extent, no one can question. It is equally certain that from it proceeds the gigautic lacustrine network of rivers amid which he t us that he has travelled so long and wearily, But when he says, fur- ther, that these are the sources of the Nile, we may fairly answer “No; that is yet to be proved. Actually trace the connection and we will admit it. But you have not done that; and possessing—now that we have read your story—an equivalent gen- eral knowledge of African geography, we do not think your argument eufilces to show that the lake region you have discov- ered belongs to the Nile basin,” This is substantially what was said at Brighton by Col. Grant, SreKe’s com- panion on his famous journey, and Dr. Cuannes Beker, the well-known English geographer and Abyssinian traveller, Col. Grant, referring to Livinastone’s state- ment that he had traced the southern waters from 11 deg. to 5 deg. south lati- tude, and supposed they must flow on to the Nile by the Bahr-el-Ghazal (Pernentck’s river), pronounced it an extravagant idea which could not be en- tertained, since many circumstances pre- clude any possibility of its correctr After mentioning that the distance remain- ing unexplored between Lryixastone’s most advanced position and the mouth of the Ghazal is about a thousand miles, he went on to say: “ But the crowning obje tion to Dr, Livinastone’s waters reaching the Nile is the fact that we already know that the source of the Ghazal was visited and determined only afew years ago b: the eminent botanist Scuwrinrurtn, whi fully satisfied all geographers that it is about 5 deg. north of the equator, and not, as Dr. LIVINGSTONE supposes, 1L deg. south of it. My ations on the Ghazal, made in 1863, when descending the Nile from Gondokoro with ary late companion, yw that itis insignificant when compared with the Nile; it seems to be a swamp with little current, for the Nile branch along which we were sailing was not increased in width by the ter from it, The Ghazal no perceptible stream; at the junction its Waters Were still, Our boatman told us that no boats were able to ascend it that year, as the channel was choked with reeds und the ambatch tree.” He also-ealls attent mention of cannibals and gorilla obser nto Livinestoxr’s “The curious ineidents narrative contains some Which are quite novel to me; for in our journey Zanzibar to Egypt, when travelling on the watershed of the Nile, we ever saw any race of cannibals, any from sigus of gorilla—neither did we find that any race of natives ever kept pigs in a domesticated state; they eat one species of wild hog, but no race in the valley of the Nile was ever seen to keep pigs tame. Taking into consideration the remarkable differences from the country we traversed . + hoe setts that Dm, LIVINGSTONE, having no chronometer to Hx nis 1ongi tude, has got further to the west than he supposes, and that he has got among races sunilar in most respects to those on the West coust of Africa, described by M. Dt Cyhamae.” Mr. Win woop ReapRwho some years ago explorcd portions of the west coast region referred to, has published an illogical letter in regurd to these remarks, which however, we deci it faiv to print asa part of the controversy: “Sane: In th recent ace at Brighton on the discov INE, Col, GRANT expresse PeAL ex) ing 1 r tdid not know where he had Now if this be really the: ¢ LDr. Livings Ses labors will be in vain so fara le geouraphy is concerned, and his map will b simply a curiosity oferror, But what are. the { wh ave led Col, GRANT to this conelite ne Dr. LIVINGSTONE Ht sens, has met with ¢ bals and gorillas ; Col, GRANT did not meet with them in his celebrated Journey from Zanzi bar to Gondokoro. ‘Therefore De. LIVINGSTON Must have been mistaken in his geogr it Col. GRAN wutry whieh Dr L positions that this « VINGSTOE scribes is several hundred mite the w the country which was traversed) by hit yet because the D: hes in hew country which with the 1 e another ¢ thave conc 1 is 80 All Col. GUANT'S pi nin, an only hope way orother © has in been misreporied. There is no reason why cannibals and gorrillas should not be found in the part of Africa where Dr. Livina- STONE lately ‘supposed — himself to. b Cannibalism 1s not confined to one locality in Africa, or to one class of tribes, as Col. GRANT seems to suppose. It existe in the try, but it is also rife in the d as Bishop CrowTHer and other missionaries who haye labored in that region are well aware. CASALIS mentions the practice as occurring in South Africa; and in 170 T ascertained its ex- Istence in the wild country behind Cape Palmas, on the Liberian coast. The gorilla, as far as the coast regions are concerned, is found only short distances on either side of the Hut the Fans of the Upper Gaboon, who had inigrated into that ee forined me that the a the Interior, “Ava. 1" ntry from th Wi East, far away tn ob KEADE, I, Beker, than whom there are few more competent authorities on the subject, said that in spite of the opinions heh entertained he was perfectly that Livinostoye had not discovered the sources of the Nile, He rejects the hy- pothesis that the Bahr-el-Ghazal is the true Nile, just as Col, Grant does. If, then, the waters of the Lualaba find their way to the Nile at all, it must be through either the Victoria or the Albert Lake, both of which are higher above the sea level than the altitude which Liviwestonr assigns to the Lualaba itself, hundred: of Iniles to the south; and we all know that water docs not ran up hill, ad long mnvinced The lack of adequate geographical def nitions was never more conspicuously illus- trated than in this Nile controversy. W. is meant by the source of a river? Dr, Liv- INGSTONE says that no gr river rises ina lake. If so, where does the St. Lawre vise According to LivinasTone, as an able writer in the Pall Mall Gazette observes, the souree of the largest of the hundred swamp and forest aflucnts which find their way nearly unknown and unnamed into Lake Supe rior, is also the source of the St, Lawrence river, We all see how absurd the proposi- tion Is when applicd to our own land; is it any less so in Africa? It has been the eus- tow of European geographers, in cases where a lake hus one aftiuent considerably larger than the others, to regard it and the outflowing river as th cially whore the general course of both i in the same direction, ‘The Rhone, for ex- ample, is said to rise, not in Lake Leman, but in the Rhone glacier, a hundred mites beyond it, A similar usage should prevail in parts of the world, How, then, does the Nile qu in the year 18 correct answer? I, It 1s known that the White river, now almost universally admitted to be the true Nile, flows northward out of the Albert on stand Is not the following a ‘THE SUN, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, Nyanza, the great lake under the equator discovered by Sir SAMURL BAKER in 1864. Il. It is also known that @ large river flows into the Albert Nyanza from the Victoria Nyanza, another large equa- torial lake a few miles further south, dis- covered by Capt. Srexe in 1863, IIL. It is satisfactorily established that there is no water connection between her of the above-mentioned lakes and Lake Tanganyika, which lies between two and three hundred miles southeast of them. IV. Tt is improbable that Lrvinestonn’s reported discoveries have avy connection with the Nile, eS Noble Speeches. For many a day the people have not heard, even from our most celebrated ora- tors, words of such elevated spirit, euch simple eloquence, and such true wisdom asthe speeches which Horace Greriey has so far delivered in the course of his Western tour. He pleads for peace. for reconciliation, and for reform; and God grant that he may not plead in vain! ‘There is no present hope for this country except in the election of Horace GreeLey and the defeat of Grant and of the cor- rupt faction which supports him. nent of Col. McComn given to the Washington correspondent of the Chi- cago Tribune, and published in Tae Sun yesterday, shows what was the real value of the bribes allotted by Oaks Amps to the members of Congress whom he bribed. ‘The list of these persons taken down by Col. McComu from the lips of Aes, as he read it from the registry book of the Credit Mobilier, is as follows: Onkes Ames's let of name McComb) for Cre itier, ist it Maioe - - «+ 3000 “ON of New Hampshire 3,000 WILSON, Mansachus 2,00 S. COLFAX, Sovenker 2,000 shown to SCOFIELD and KELLEY, Pa, 2,000 each. 3.000 ELIOT, Massachusetts = = DAWES, Mase FOWLER, . BOUT WELL, Massachusetts = 2,000 BINGHAM and GARFIELD, 0, 2,000 each. As Col. McComn explains it, the figures at the end of each name do not signify so many thousand shares in the Credit Mobi- lier, but dollars’ worth of stock at the original par value of $100 per share, At the time that Ames allotted this stock to the persons at par, each €100 of it was actually worth in the market €260; and the price afterward enormously, We know of one ease in which an honest holder of this stock wa red $70) per share and refused the offer, In his original testi- mony Col, McComp swears that he was offered £600 a share for his, and con: it worth $1,000 per share, But taking the stock at itscash value at the time of its allotment and adding the dividends sub: quently made, the aggregate of 8 iNe’s bribe was as follows: WO in Credit Mob SN percent, 10 d) in Ueion Pacite th Credit Mobilier stock tn gold (uot counting prewiluis, stocie, oy Dusis the bribe of CoLFax On the sam was as follows: t Mob ller shares, at € in dividends in Un fn Union Paci tn Credit Mohilter ih gold wot count Total aide Uf the ‘ c bribe r The erence between the amount al- lotted to Buarne and that allotted to Ce FAX when each was Speaker of the House of Representatives shows the progress of corruption in the House and in the Repub- lican party from the term of one aker to that of the other, But what a revolting what a horrit joture The editor of the Evening Post is the and honored Wi.ttaM CULLEN Bey- he fs aged, and absent most of the time. and the paper is controlled by its publisher and half owner, Isaac HENDERSON, This man was Navy Agent under ApRanam Lixcoun, and was tried for taking bribes from fraudulent contrac- tors and ley extortion’ on them to the amount of over haifa million of dollars, all tn fraud of the Government he had sworn to serve. He was tried in this city and escaped conviction and punishment on alegal dodge, leaving his guilt undispu HENDERSON {8 now against GREELEY and In favor of GRANT of course. 80 1s HaGERnry the voucher thief, At the meeting of the Police Board ses- terday afternoon, after appointing a large num- ber of inspectors, the Mayor called up the charges against the patrolman who arrested MATT MORGAN of Frank Lesite’s Mustrated News Paper, and against Capt. HEDDEN for assaulting a reporter, The Mayor produced a formidable re- view of the Heppen testimony, written on enormous sheets of foolseap, which so astound- ed Judge Boswonti that he moved to postpone the Investigation, This was carried, the Judge pocketing the foolscap for light reading over Sunday. It is understood that the Mayor's argume for the removal of Capt. HepveN, Come sioner MANIERKE moved to dismiss the charges made by Marr MonGaN. Commisstoner BARR, who had heard the testimony, advocated the opposite course of dismissing the patrol Judge Boswonrn, who had presided at th favored Mr, MANTE venerable ANT Is Iman, trial, kk’s motion, The Mayor called for tho testlinony and carefully read it He then argued that the charge of abusive be- havior was fully sustained, He cited th mony of the complainant, a reputable and of two disinterested citize Were not wequainted with either MORGAN or the Patrolman. ‘These agreed in testifying to the complainant's story of the patrolman using within the police station aggravating and insult. ing language, Mayor sald that this was a virtual contempt He had no acquaint- an with the patrolman, but any policeman who would use such Janguage t rior offivers iuside a police station, even to the meanest culprit, deserved dismissal, Much more when used toward Mr. MORGAN, who pro- duced in Police station unmistakable evi dence of identity as a reputable citizen. ‘The Mayor moved to dismiss the patrolman, He and Commissioner BaKR yoted Aye, Commissioners MANIERKE and BoswortH voted No, So the se must awalt the return of the Hon. Huxiy fore his supe- MOTH, annie Another blography of our next President has been published by Lee @ Shepard of Boston, It te en titled The Life and Public Career of Hon. Hora Greeiey, @ from the pen of William M, Corgell, LL.D, a readable aud Interesting sketch of the Iraillng tucidents in the earcr of & man Who by his talents, his useful and industrious life, and his nooliity character has elevated himself from the most ham! posttion to an exalted place ta the aff 8 of hy countrymen and the esteem of the world, the book wilt at (luis time undoubtedly fad m rm. It into b hoped, however, thut the effeot of the letterpres® will hot be counteracted by the unprey Which faces the title page aud is probably Intended to Dass for alikeness of the great printer and farmer The line to oston over the Long Island Rall nd 18 very succeasful, It has been in operation less sessing plotur than a fortnight, and Is already Uringing to this eity out @ hundred passengers daily, 1t runs through from New York to Boston in nine hours and twenty mivutes, and iv & most delightful Way of making the Journey, ra —— - king people! Deposit. some portion of our weekly txruluge. ta the Mutual nk. in the Suu bullaing.—aury o» BeBene Bayings 1872 TURKISH LIFE REVEALED. AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A TURKISH WOMAN OF HIGH RANK. —o Tho Wonderful Story ot Melok-Hanum, the Wife of Mehemet-Pas' In a volumo just issued by Harper & Brothers, entitled Thirty Years in the Harem; or, the Autobiography of Melek-Hanum, Wife of HU, Kibriali-Mehemet-Pasha, wo have a true story of Oriental life, replete with incidents and adventures as strange as anything in the * Ara bian Nights.” The book reads like an oxtrava- gant romance, and yet the characters to whom it Introduces us are, many of them, personages of historical celebrity, while some of the events described in its pages form the foundation of one of tho most extraordinary lawsuits on record, & case which 18 now pendiug inthe courte, ‘The authoress, who in this book tella the story of a most eventful life, was born in Constanti- nople, Her mother was a Turkish woman of Georgian ancestry; her father was a French mer+ chant, who at the time of his marriage was en- gaged in business in Constantinople, Molek- Hanum, the brilliant and gifted lady who has taken the world into her confidence by the pub- lication of this autobiography, at the early age of thirteen was invelgled into matrimony by an English doctor attached to the household of the Sultan, a man twenty years older than horself, a Protestant, and an inveterate miser. For five years she waa aslave to the caprices of this In- dividual, after which, at his suggestion, she was induced to make a journey to Rome, in order to enjoy the felicity of forintng the acquaintance of ber mother-in-law. ‘The results of her meeting with her mother-in-law were numerous domes tic misunderstandings, resulting in @ divorce. The mother-in-law succeeded tn retaining the control of Melek-Hanum’s two children, a son and a daughter, the first of whom is at present known as Major Millingen, while the other ts now the Countess Pisani of Venice. Melek- Hanum, after her divorce, departed for France, being escorted to the frontier by the sbirrt, at the instigation of her mother-in-law. When Melek-Hanum arrived in Paris, Féty- Pasha was Ambassador for Turkey at the court of Louls Phillipe, She was presented to!His Ex- cellency by a relative, At the same time sho made the acguaintance of Kibrizli-Mehemet- Pasha, who was then military attaché to the le- gation. At the firet interview between the lady and Kibrizil-Mehemet, the Turkish official fell a willing victim to the charms of his countrywo- man, and, as she testifles, showed him of attentions and regard for her, 1 vances were soon followed by an offer of mar- riage, which she was well disposed to accept. Doth shortly afterward returned to Constanti- nople, where the marriage of the lovers was cel ebrated at the end of the Ramazon, Among the Turks the nuptial ceremony Is very simple in the case of those w ave heen mar- ried before. The lady draw art the harem, the bridegroom and the iin: priest are on the other side. The nor latter asks each of the parties threo tine her he or she, respective will tho other In marriage; on recelving ponse in tho affirmative, thrice re- peated, he recites afew prayers, and retires after taking a glass of sherbet. The witnesses then take their le the husband enters the harem, offers his hand to bis bride, aud remains alone with her. Soon after this wedding Mehemet-Pasha re- ceived the title of Bey, or € ynel, and three or four months afterward was made a General of Brigade, during which Ume Melek-Hanum en- Joyed a life of uninterrupted felicity. But after awhile a change of the military administration threw the happy bridegroom into disfavor, and MO the LeRUIN VE) eee ew om the part of the Minister for War and several other important functionaries, the degradation of twelve Gen- crals was proclaimed, among whom was the un- fortunate Mehemet-Pasha. The result of this step was very embarrassing to Mehemet and his wife, Consequent on his degradation Mehemet- Pasha’s salary was reduced to £12 a month, and all his allowances were stopped. The husband was completely broken down, and the wife felt it incumbent on her to take effectual proceed- ) prevent the entire ruin of the household. method she employed to rectify her wrongs ted the possession of a firm and dauntle spirit, It was not until Mehemet-Pasha and his wife had endured for two full years the miseries of their degraded condition that the latter mus- tered up courage to appeal to the ruling powers against the injustice which they had suffered When Melek-Hanum had fully made up her mind on this point, she took determined measures t carry out her plans, Going to the house of Riza-Pasha, the Minister of War, the resolute lady stated her case in very plain words : Your! sald she, * Lam the wife of Mehemet-P: ror three years past he lias been oppr 'y description ; ed by claims of @ so great tshis despair on seeing himself de- prived of every resource, and rendered wholly Incapable of applying the wants of his family, that his life ts in danger, Iam come to demand from you the reason of such disgrace. If ca- price has been the only motive, then a fresh exercise of good pleasure may restore to him the employment he has lost.” ‘To this appeal Riza-Pasha returned an evasive reply which would have been accepted as a de- nial by most people, Melek-Hanum declined to view the subject in that light, however, but pluckily took up her residence in the great man’s house, giving him distinctly to understand that she had no intention of leaving the premises until her demands were satisfactorily answered. For ten days the obdurate Minister stood out, but on the nth he surrendered, saying: “I see you are a determined woman, and it will be Impossible to escape from you satisfy you appoint Mehemet-Pasha Governor of Akiah; he will receive his nomination without delay.” This was in 1843, The promised commission was promptly filled out and delivered to the new Governor, but as his wife sensibly remarks, they could not leave Constantinople without sutisfy~ ing their creditors, The lady, therefore, paid a second visit to Riza-Pasha, who, by her peculiar powers of persuasion, was induced to furnish money for the expenses o€ the departure of her husband and herself, and for the payment of their debts, She c that the amount allowed was very moderate, and through some miscalculation Mehemet-Pasha was after all obliged to leave her behind when he went to take possion of his governorship. At the end of eight months, however, Mehemot sent for bis enterprising and faithful spouse, who joined him at Akiah, atown which disgusted her ex- ngly from its meanness and the Possessing character of its Inhabit fore three months had p: was promoted to be Goy which opened a fleld b plains, howeve unpre- nts, But t sed Mehemet-Pasha nor of Jerusalem, tter suited to the ambi- tious destgns of his wife, Here Melek-Hanum began to improve her official opportunities, which In Jerusalem are of a character calculated toexcite the envy of oficial present-takers all over the world, It appears that the practice of present-taking had prevailed to so great an extent in Jerusalem under previous Administrations as to hay caused some scandal even in Constantinople, where the clvil service is notorlousty corrupt in the extreme, On tile subject the authoress says: Before wo left Constan my husband's patron shared, had spoken ton “You are going t you, accept any pre Upon oath that nothing by the Governors an of their ordinat 1 trust, therefore, that W Will give Ho cause of complaiut on’ that ®, Reshid-Pasha, time he 1 “other offictuls on the part I replied ; ive any presen ‘my husband sh, hee you have forbid ny but you can’ not oblige me to refuse What the ladies inay choose Lo offer me; that Has nothing todo with politics or with the Ad- ministration Of course not," he rejoined, with a amile. Mchemet-Pasha,there fore, refused all the v ents that were oifered to him; and, when Une Was Gcertained, Chey were always sent lo me. Mebemet-Pasha having been fairly installed as Governor of Jerusalem, his wife began to im- prove the opportunities afforded for Increasing the family property to the best of her ability ‘The candor with which she explains the manner in which the habit of present-taking was prac- Heed, and that of present-giving was encouraged, under her adroit management {a realy re- freshing. For instance, to quote her own lan- guage: ‘Thero were three principal convents in Joru- galom at that period. the Franciscan, the Greek, and the Arrienian. No repairs nor any change could be effected in either of them without the pertnisaion of the Pasha; and he, having pled himself to accept no presents, hurry to accede to thelr deman fathers adopted the expedient of applying to and endeavoring to secure iy. favor in thet terest. Ono or other of these bodies would send ¢, sometines a beautiful watch, sometimes @ diamond pin or pearl necklace ; in fact, they seenied to be rivaling each other in their mania for making presents, Again she says with charming frankness : ‘The Jews, as natural, remained at, the tail of the presents-offering multitude. The steward of our household, a man who knew tho secret of extracting money from people's pocketa, came one day to say that, if I pleased, he would find the means of getting me far more from the Jews than I had obtained from all the others. “Do whatever you think fit,” T replied. He went, upon this, and told the rabbis that he warned them, in their own Interest, the Gove ernor Intended to make them take’ away an enormous heap of rubbish that impeded the traffic In the neighboring streets, and had been accumulating, for probably forty years, at the back of one of their synagogues, "I fear, added the crafty steward, “that you will only bo allowed one day to effect its removal.” At this news the Jews were thrown into con- sternation. Alas !""'they orled, “it Is Impossible to re- move such amass in less than several month labor, and without great, expense; but, my friend,” sald they to their informant, “there Is surely some means of appeasing your master ? "No," he replied. “he ls Inaccessible to every Influence; but. If you will listen to a friend, I will tell you that ssor with the Pasha is his wife. “Ah! what good advice you give us!" they ex- claimed; “we know now how to escape froin the fatal difficulty which, no doubt, some enemy of Ours has suggested to the Governor.” On the morrow they sent me a beautiful casket, containing several pearl necklaces, and 10,00 francs in gold. It need not be said that they never hevntanytsug more about the ruleance or its re~ moval. ‘On another occaston the same steward Inform. ed me that one of the Ji 1 been guilty of numerous exactions, anc th my appro- will be suMicient,” replied the ward, “to fell the Judge that the Governor desires to speak to him.” Acoordingly he called on the magistrate, feeling that his conscience was by no ; Was greatly alarmed at such a “Oh,” he erted, * those who administer jus- tiee are sorely expose: to the risk of displeasing folks. Jam sure that some one has been making mischief about me with lis Excellency, What can I do to appease him ”" “You know,” replied the smart steward, “ that it is impossible to bend him; but if you are willing to believe me, and to charm away the danger that menaces you, address yourself to his wife, She alone has any Inuence over im. Next day the Judge's wife hastened to pay her court to me, and Iaid at my feet a magnifl- cent present, worth upward of 40,000 franc Just at this point in her revelations the Idea appears to have occurred to the lady who Is tell- ing this story that {t might strike unprejudiced readers that ber admissions, that she was in the habit of recelving presents for influencing the official action of her husband, might require ex- planation, So she cheerfully volunteers the in- formation that all the corruption which took place while her husband was Governor of Jeru- salem was entirely unknown to the honest dier who was really responsible for all of It. She represents that while everybody was taxed for the beneft of the ruling family, the Governor himself was entirely oblivious of what was going on, Offices were being sold at wholesale, exac- tions on special classes of the population were carried out in the most unblushing manner, but the honest Pasha knew nothing of what was going on, The ruling family, represented by Melek-Hanum, was accumulating gold and pre- clous gems; but, she says, in a burst of conf- dence: All this took place unknown to the Governor. In a short time I amassed property to the value of upward of four hundred thousand france, BeSHY In.specle, partly In Jewelry and trinkets of suggested by the remembrance of pre verses. It appeared to me that at any mc we might find ourselves anew in the pi situation from which we had emerged denly. In @ country where one has no recognized > security it is necessary to take # against the reverses of fortune, ‘The situation appears to have been about this: Mehemet-Pasha thought that it was anything but a certainty that he would continue long in his lucrative office, and he deemed it necessary tomake a suitable provision for his old age. Even if he should be retained in office a long time he might not make as much money as some er officials had. His oath of office prohibited him from taking bribes, but there was nothing in the Constitution of Turkey—supposing that Turkey had @ constitution—to prevent the peo- ple from showing thelr appreciation of his good qualities by paying large sums of money to his family, Of course, he was supposed to be en- tirely Innocent of any complicity In the means by which the family intluence was turned into money, but our authoress shows how easily such matters can be arranged after it {s once under- stood that making presents leads the way to official favor. Metek-Ianum gives some further instances of her adroitness in turning her in- fluence into money : Sometimes they spoke to me about their protegées. Could you not contrive,” said on *to procure my brother his exchange? hi caimakam (Heutenat-colonel of. % partment), and Lam very anxious te appointed to a better past.” |" Perhaps, another, me will be able to ge pin of this caimakam, of who plaints are made,” "It's served the first speaker, T assure you that you won't find us ung if you succeed, we will give ent."* all this T gave no answer wliak (che ave hin efult you a beautiful but the next day uild call the steward or the secretary. "Such @ person,” T would say, “has been recommended to me, and I have a promise that my good offices shall not ¢ ited; do what you can to procure a fi Me exchanges and. you hall h our share of whatever I may receive, Micialwhom I thus addressed, knowing that his place nded upon me, would selze the first opportunity to speak to’ his master. * Your Excellency.” he would say, "the caiti kam of such and such a sandjak fs etving caus for much complaint; he Is suid to be accessible to bribes, and to. be careless in the discharge of his duties.” ave heard some reports about him, but I think they were serious 686 reports are, unhappily, too well found. nd nithough they may be somewhat ex tant'a post place entire mifidence? I know, for examp fome one of the greatest zeal in your E Jenoy's service; he is thoroughly coni {f you will allow him to wait upon you, sured that you will be pleased with him ‘The interview belng held and the Pasha satis- 1, the exchange is effected, and Ireceive what has been promised me. In two years I disposed {o this manner of more than fifteen important posts in favor of persons whom I had never even Bet eyes on, Mele! have | lations in grain as a means of increasing her ompelling the unfortunate inhabitants her with horses, mules, and camels to nsport her corn without remuneration, With such advantages at her disposal she was, of course, enabled to realize large profits from her operations—which were in direct violation of law, as engaging in commerce Is # thing expres ly forbidden to Pashas, But she apprehende ho trouble from her violations of Jaw, and eve if any one had tried to make diflculty about the matter she was provided with a ready excuse, In regard to this she says: -Hanum, whose enterprise unded appears to ered Into specu n und If a Puropean Consul had plaint at iged any com Constantinople about the trade in bo engaged, wh: r would be re- turned? “What you ex 2 of calls for no censure; the merchant sel geratnn to the people at exorb the Gavers s wife, In order to assuay sery of the Inhabitants, fnds means to 6 a at a re Hable rate, and the peasants associate theme selyes in this good work by lending their an tals; there is nothing to Bud fault with in tha: It will be seen that Melek-Hanum was not only proficient in addition, division, and silence but was also as expert in the elegant art of whitewashing as any Congressional investiga tng committee. Tn the absence of the Pasha, Melok-Hanum was ustomed to take the exercise of authority Into her own hands, and when occasion required she acted with proniptitude and vigor, For in- stance, finding her palace besieged by a furious crowd of Arabs, sho half covered her face with her shawl, and presenting herself at the head of the staircase fearlessly addressed the howling m ac What is the matter, m friends, that you raise such ap outuy? Le: H me what you want, thourh the Pasta te shee: n to oblige You.” int, T will do what “"The matter {” ald one of them, who appeared to be one of the ringleaders,“ They have jately ablished, at the gates of the city, a duty upor all the merchandise we bring In, in'such a mans ner that we are obliged to pay before we hava sold anything; moreover, the ticense to coll this tax has been conferred upon a Frenchinan ; so that we are toiling to enrich an infdel, Wo wish the duty to be removed.” “Lamon your side” 1 answored; “T haa pledged the Pasha not'to impose this tax, but an Order from the Sult pelied him todo»: and he was forced t yi the Frenchman of whom you complain is not responsible, More ntinople to ase mn of this levy; In two or threg colve a reply; there i every that the Padisbah, who {sa ects, will graut the’ abolition Lippres days we shall nto. bell to his su which we have solictted.’ At these words they all erted ont, “G the wife of our Governor! Allah. p Pasha! Long live our Sultan! Amin “In praying for your master, you do well.” £ replied: “always continue to act. thus, and. vou will obtain whatever ts Just. Return to your homes, and as soon as the answer arrives it shialk be proclaimed ‘They withdrew, satisfied at the result. of thelr Proceeding. | Ae for me, I was better pleased to see them depart than I carod to show. returned to my apartwments attended by thelr clamorous blessings. ‘The next morning T summoned tho Cayas. bagel, and asked hit the nanos of the princi « yal authors of the disturbances of the day he- ‘ore. He named fifteen. Immediately directed him, as usual in such cases, to seize them a order which was executed before they left their homes. They were forthwith gent Into exile, and were not permitted to return until theit spirit had been completely subdued. It may be that some among them were innocent, but in such affalry it seems preferable to run thé tlak of ins filcting some slight suffering both on the inno- cont and the guilty, rather than to excite popu- lar passions by proceeding in the regular cours of Justico In order to apportion the blame at= taching to each. In the Bast these nice didtinrs ina are not attended to; guilty and innocent are arrested, and chastisement inflicted upon them. After a time Mehamet-Pasha was recalled from Jerusalem and appointed Governor of Belgrod, and while there Melek-Hanum gave birth to « son, whom his father named Mustapha-Djehad Bey. Mustapha was the name of the Pasha’a father, while the surname Djehad, which signi« fles war, was given to the infant because he came into the world in time of war—the Huns garian war of 134 In the month of Ramazan in the year 1648 Mehemet-Pasha was appointed Ambassador to the English court, partly, Melek-Hanum says, in consequence of her personal iufluence with the Grand Vizier, As religious customs aud prejudices forbid Mussulman wives to accom- pany their husbands into a Christian country, the Pasha left his wife in Constantinople on hia departure for the Court of St. James, establish- ing her in @ luxurious residence, with slaves and domestics in abundance at her command, His leave-taking was most affectionate, and the sor rowing wife at that time little thought that thos adicus were the last that were ever to be ex changed between them, Mehemet-Pasha had not boen long tn England when an event occurred which led to the most serious consequences. The only son of the Pasha, Djehud-Bey, was naturally of @ sickly and feeble constitution, and he was attacked by an illness which threatened to terminate fatally. He grow worse from day to day, and at last the physictans lost all hope of his recovery. ‘This cutised the mother frightful anxiety, nut only account of her love for her child, but also from more selfish considerations, Mehemet-Pasha was devotedly attached to his son, whom he re- garded as his future heir, and Melek-Hanum dreaded lest her husband should take a second wife in case the boy should die, and her own in- fluence over him be lost. The feverish excitability which this apprehension inspired could not be concealed from the eyes of the household, and 4 woman named Fatmah, to whom the Pasha had intrusted the management of the harem and the supervision of the slaves, succeeded in learn= ing the cause of her uneasiness, At the sug- gestion of this woman, Melek-Hanuin was in- duced to procure from @ needy woman a boy child to replace the dying heir, and in due time Mehemet-Pasha had the tntelligence conveyed to him that he was the father of another son. And now the troubles of Melek-Hanum began in earnest. ‘The deception practized on her hur- band had been entirely unnecessary, as the real heir recovered, and 1s still alive, But Fatmah and a eunuch named Beshir, who knew all tho circumstances of the fraud, elated by the power they had acquired over their mistress, assumed allat once the airs of masters, and ruled the whole household, Melek-Hanum included, witlt unbounded Insolence, At last they came to quarrelling between themselves and the situa. tion of affairs became insuportable, So Fatma! was bribed to take her departure, which she did, leaving the eunach sole tyrant in the house, A month after Fatmah’s departure, on the ovens sion of areception which brought m any guests to the treacherous woman unex pectedly made her appearance, and with the assistance of a confederate succeeded in mur dering her late rival the eunuch Beshir. Thia ence Was used by the enemies of Hanum to work her destruction, She was ac« cused of the murder of the eunuch, and arrested by the police. Her money and jewelry wero taken from her, and at a later day handed over to her husband. Mehemet-Pasha was sui- moned from London, and to appease the rlamors Of his enemies he repudiated his wife by pro curing a divorce, soon after which he married an- other woman. Melek-Hanum, after rewaining in prison some months, was bauished to Asia M ir. if urse, the facts in relation to the spurious heir came to light Were transpiring, and the suspicion was aroused that there m! t be some doubt in regard to the birth of Mustepha-Djehad-Bey. The Minister of Police thought it necessary to question Melek» Hanum on this point, and she, indignant at her husband for having repudiated her, under- while these events took to revenge herself by refusing to give any satisfactory expla n the subject. Her conduct produced the desired result, Mebemet Pasha, having been informed that his divorced wife had refused to proclaim distinctly the legitimacy of his son Djehad, found himseif con- strained to separate from him For nearly twenty years Melek-Hanum re- mained in Turkey after ber divorce, during all of which time sho was engaged in combatinz the intrigues of the enemies who continued te persecute her, Her adventures during this period of her life were as strange and interest- ing as those which have been briefly described In this article, but we must dismiss them with this bare reference. In 186 Melek-Hanum, over powered by the number and vindictive her influential enemies, her husband fn the mean time having been advanced to the importapt post of Grand Vizier, determined to flee t Europe, and, with her dav Anaily su ceeded In escaping, As to her subsequent lif The six vears we have since 1 have been so many years of v have endured ‘unger, pen © have suffered persecutions of every kindy conducted with an Ingenuity merithag tf thet of diabolical aud} ated with a di Of perseverance which indicates the Ln hatred, The object has been to diseredat vs everywhere; to ixolate us from society j despalf—eveu to death Our Vicissitudes in Europe however—a have been of a most extraordinary kind form the subject of a sequel to the pre cital of our experiences aid misfortuaes ’ East. [fervently thank God he las se tie filly’ presersed thus far from and Erely upon his good Provid t p tlce for myself and my children, Here Melek-Ha 8 wonderful what abruptly ends nately bled fda little informa intere y character to her u tory Mustapha-Djehad-Bey, the gon of M Pasha and Melek-Hanuiy by} ther, as already de 1 How a YOUN MAN of Lwel through scenes of as varied ard event weler AS those Which checkered life, Left to bis own resources wien | ip he went wandering around W periencing extraordinary vic ent countries, Atone tine was servantin Egypt; at another he was a | mate of & convent in Venice: afters served ag asoldier with the Papal Zouay nally he made lis way to Bn het his mother, whe told him t Nis birth and explained herr to attest his legitimacy. D suit to compel the recognition of lawful son of the late Mehemot-lasia aid lexitiinate heir to all his vast « ts to be tried in © aged English clalm, and as his moth support of bis pretensions, it inKngtish legal circles that very wala bie sult, rte ready. to teatity Ui # the Impression likely be may