The Sun (New York) Newspaper, December 6, 1865, Page 2

ae a ee UN to ensure its endorsement by both houses. THE NEW YORK STREDAT GMO DET weak | mers neon ede net ie ace Ge | angaies iment geen, Wa aaa “vn " jenta is concerned, we do not believe # “ : y 65, ‘WEDFESDAY MQRNING, © DE me 1866. rene bas leva! authority to impose any one of the Sheers sath ie the re oH ‘ said conditions, except #0 far as refers to the | of the rights of nan. Tho anciont rs eter Jotm T. Holman Yiayor! general question of loyalty on the part of Congres- kod contcpliod pg merican aystem THR fernit of the municipal election, # far 88 | sons! representatives. If Congress hae the power | Feets on th © hasertion of the equal right Cf life, Lib t the Mayoralty ia cancernod, is gratifying to @l ty deny repre entation to Virginia because that Sonn bard athe purl of Re arerelan of all who fully appreciated the worth and fitness of th® | Hat return to abolish ali political and educational | is freniti juanee, the Biase Govern. successful candidate, will at te samme time it atioetions between ite white and {te | iack popu- | in as to the individual citizen iu the aie, gud their arn re In O¢oupation of every ato the peo- | this mornir it neptable even to those who, with good | n, w! ! " » N Will be acceptab My a Ai lation, ¥ uot the ene rule app'y to Now ‘oper lim\tations of power, are essen. motives, fupported the other nominees York ? Or, admitthat the Southern Btates have o the existence of the Constitution of the United y wovernment hae , ‘i " Hrates, At the very commencement, when we ne friend of reform in the city « ¢ . T forfeited certain sovereign prerogatives by reagon | gimned a place among the powers of the earth, the god cause to regret the election of Joun of te robeliion, they certainly cannot Le worse | leciiration of Inde) pendency war adopted by pia Horvuan, Those who voiel sainst him were | oft) an now terriiorien applying for State recogni- vthe people ef nt ered dat dee cea animated by no feeling of suspicion regarding hie | io), and ithas never been claimed that Congress | established the Constiig jon, it was the arsent of the : + ‘ »! | ‘ Biales, one e c ve it vitality, ae bonesty or capacity 1 Lut they no doubt believed | had the right tw make specific conditions regarding | events ton Gt bre arte aarient ta thes ezatitetn that the great end of minicipal reforta might be | gh¢ Jocal affaire of a ter itor + 8 a prerequ mite of | (he itou of Congress needa the bg at a ‘ . . ‘ t States, Ob great branch of the attained as well, or Leiter, through theme ium of | itg aduevion, But as @ matter of moral right, re government would be wanting, And, it their respective favorites, of course they voted | poneof Mr. SrMNee's conditions would be recarded k beyond the letter of the Constitation to the ] In fact, ittle difference ; character of our count: ite capacity tor comp accordingly. Infact, there was so |i diffe as objetionsl by a man of progressive and liberal | hending within ie Jur c cw s t wontmnental most prominent candidates, in ro { . " ' e | Gippire is due to the syevem tates. The best Lotdtbog eed rtrd hen b Views, H is in accordance with the spirit of | etrity for tne perpetual exiptence of she Bistes te ence to their qualifications for the office,that it Was | freedoun and enl gbtenment that all class barriers the prome authority” of the Constitution of the exceedingly dificult for voters, who were not | should be anvibilaved—that all men should be “free | 1/04 Biates. the parpewaiy” ot fRs yousuiteven personally acquainted with the gentlemen, to Je- | anu equal, with certain inalienable rights, smong | mutual relation makes usw hat, wi re, end te one : pelt h ¢ ie. The cide whotn to support, Only the political trick~ | which are life, Liberty, and the pursuit of bappi- Whole porate as without the parts, nor the parte sera, WhO" hedged ainet Hecker fo the in- | ness"? The only bjection to Mr, Bumngr's o wi hout the ¥ So long, 66 the Cou itution of 8 it iy endures, lave ndure; terest of Ronenrs, bave any ronson to regret the | ditions is, that there is noc nétigutional authority the strain: of ihe @ ; the destrection of the remit of the election, The business of political | for compelling the South to adopt them, however ot Use preservation of the one is the preservation of the other. bargain and sale has proven o failure, and the | good and dosirable they may be In respect to moral I huve thie explained my vie fthe matnal re- people have reason to fel grav fel atthe result. | ideas, It weld bean unjust discrimination to Jonatitution aad tho staros, bec - . : gir hat ‘ ‘ 4 they unfold the prineiper on which I have sourht to Bo far asthe Bun iscorverned, we conics Wl compel the Southern States to do that which is not bay the momentous questions kad overesine the outs Wo bave seldom | om the orth verete 6) palling diMeulties that met meat the very com- we had no doubt about (io retult 40) exacted froin those of the North, and therefore the meneewment ef my diminiatretion, It bas been my found i neccesary to take en ective part | only way by which Mr. Bumman's object can be | steadiast object to eaeape tr the sway age a i. ‘ den ng x tary Passions, and to aerive @® healing cy from $9 any politic anvess; aul in departing | logally attained, te through an amendment to the | ii Pdamentel and unchanging principles of the from our umal rule oo thie occasion, 1b | Conatiintion, the provisions of which would apply Capa italien é nia , was because we believed that the interesi# of thie | with equal force to any section of the country. ree eat te Goneat ecto eg He City require! the election of ac mpelent man, who vronid adimininer the ties of Mayor without Department Reports. ml ¢ ans who bave bith pconteniled In con ion with the President's Meesage in | Bia'e #hich had attempted wo tecede, Whether the ws seta Dsind sine schmatila ‘ ‘ah ‘ae sponte ad | {EOFY within the simite of those Biates should be our municipal Executive, Wecongrat: 4'6 Sen, we publish carefully-prepar hold a4 conqeered territory, under military aatbori- ric i »adeinJous T. Horr. | synopses of all the Departisent Reports, together | ty emanatiox from the President as the bead of the plein the choice they have madeinJo Artis totale > ahold. was the first question that presented itself for MAM, and feel gracifie! thatour judgment of bis | wah abatract of Lieut.-General Grant's OMeial | decision, fitness and capacity has been #o empbesically | Report, The Reports are all, to some extent, é ney, military governments, established for an in- period, would endorsed by our fellow c'tizenn made up of statistical and otLer matter of bo par- early sep be “pag blk ON owt eee -- “=~ ticular interest to the general reader, and such the people into the vanquishers and the vanjuished uid have envenomed hatred, rather than have restored affection. Onee establish- ed, no preciae limit to their continuance waa conceiv- apie, They would have occasioned an incalculable and exhausting expeure, Peeceful emigration to and trom that portion of the country is one of the beat reeane that can be thought of tor the restora- tion of harmony ; and{ that emigration would have prevented ; for what emigration from shroad, vat industrious citizen ut home, would place bim- self willingly under miliary rucof The chief per- eons who wouki have followed in the train of the trmy would have becn deper son the General ‘ ninent, or men who tapected profit from the miseries of their erriny teduw-citizens. be powers ©} patronave ond rule which would have been exer- elved, under the Prevideat, over « vat, end populous, and natoraily wealthy revion, are greater than, unlevs under extreme necessity. I should be willing te entrust to any one man; they ave such as, for The Vesnge. barts we bave eliher condensed or omitted accord- fon Preaident’s Mewesre to Congress, which was | tog to the degree of their tmportance, All the transmitted to that body yesterday aflernoon, 19 | materia! facts will be found in the synopses here unquestionably one of the most able atate papers | with presente’, and as they ere of more tha: that hagemanated from tho Executive for many | usual interest this yoar, they will well repay « years. The important topics which 1: diseusecs ) careful perusal. aro treated in as temperate tone, yet there fs no eM ee, apparent attempt to evade the iseyes presented, or FIRST ANNUAL to give equivocal opinions concerning them, The President has been singularly fortunate in saying rym | A G 4" erough and yet not too much relative to the for- M. 3 uss q ID eign policy of the Government, aud the pecullar OF relations existing between this country and tL. two leading maritime powers of Eu- P R E S | 0 E NT J 0 H N $ 0 N ’ oe W ghuergency, ‘clneat to cxerein tee rope. His language respecting our clafme egsinat England, crowing out of the Anglo rebel TO THE piracies, ta courteous and respectful, and at the game time firm and unyielding, Ilo asserts the Thirty-Winth Congress. justice of the demand which our Government has dial mace, but assumes no tone of menace, no bluster, Fellow Citizena of the Senateand House of Repre- no offensive or undignified manner, The same rentativeas ‘ th thy oe ‘ To 8 giatitude to God, im the name of the tony be sald; generally, with regard to his remarks Peale, er thee preservation of the United States, is upon the Monroe Doctrine ; alibough he is less ex- | my first duty is aude asing yee Cor thon ts next + tot 6 1 of the late Presiden y an met o' piicit om this point than we would like to see hit. | Mirricidal treason, ‘The arief of the nation ie etill | Hower.) the States stiempting oir vitality was Ho affirms the popular fecling of the country re! " it fluds some solace in po Mh ge ap ghey pees impaired, but not erbnguishednvtech functions sus- Nive to the encroachments of monarchy upon this pede Re Mare pended, but not destroyed. / Dut if any ptate uexiects or refuses to perform its Continent, but be recommends nothing and «imply ; A. wile bed DiS enc: aipetee ¢ saat he otiiecs, there ix the more need that the General treats the subject ip a general sense, With regard Pilea ake daplerea inal par y, tose § Government should maintain all ite autuority, and, to th fans aul ject , that foreign fons havo ren n® impor! subject of reconstruction, the memory . His removal cast upon ime @ heavier weieht f the Union; and | ay goon as practicable, resume the exercise of all ius President takes @ moderate, conservative | of cares thin ever devolved pon any one of his uch powers, if continued , rears, would bave endaugered the purity o: the general admio'!stration and liber- ties of the States which remained loyal, Beaces, the polley uf wiiitary rule over a conqner- ed territory would have iinplied that the States whore inhabitants may bave taken part in the re- beilion hed, by the act of those inhabitants, coased toexist. But the true thoory is, that all pretended ecta of secemion were, from the be inning, null and vold, ‘The States cannot commit ti cason, nor vcreen the individual citizens who may have committed troason, any more than they can rune valid treaties or engage in iawiul commerce with any foreign Vower. ho States attempting to secede placed through @ period o: sud property; the opening of the ports in- t f iaduastry aud commerce; the saciUsios Of social inte course And ie it uot happy for us all, that tho restoration of exch one of these functions of the General Goverpment brings with 1 @ bicasiug to the Htates over which they are extended? Is it nota eure promise of harmony and reuewed attachment to the Uniou that, aitor all that bas happend, the return of the General Goverumest is Known ouly as & beneticence I know very wollthat this polly is attended with somo riek; that for its wu%cess It TEQUILOS at least x ence of the staies which 4 concerns; that it implies an jnyigation to thoro Sta oa by renewing thelr gliegiance to the United Btatea, to resume their funcgions as States of tho Union. But Mois @ IKK that iiuss be taken ; in the choice of difli- cultics, 18 '# the smallest risk ; and to diminish, and, it possible, to remove all danger, | have felt it incum- beat on me to nasort one other power of the General Government—the power of pardon, As no State CAD throw a defence over the critue of treason, the power lon is exclusively vested in thu Executive tho United States, In exercising that i | have taken every precaution to connect tt with the clearess recognition oi the binding torce of the lawe of (he United states, sud an uaqualitied acknowledgment of the great social change of con- dition in regard to slavery which Las giown ous of d fustics to hie | funetions, Un this principle 1 have acted, and have gindually and quietly, am! by almost imperceptible ground, adhering firm! fo the leniens | Pittecoreos. To fulfil my trast I neod the rupport eral Government and of the States, To that o: y © | and confidence of all who aro associated with ime in jonal Governors have been appointed ee nes support and contidence of the people, There ut ‘led, “ de Peta reo apie raphe that | one way tu which [can hope togain their necessary yt Spt ihe Onder =~ a ike t ited Bimoer at ae which be has eo fartakon Is ‘a risk,'* da my conduct, and thelr application to the | couid be done, have been reo } Bephecci y b tT popened, to that the laws ne / 18 m pre of affairs, we ¢ thas the efficiency | Oi'tne United Biaice may Le eniorced through thou mos com pal he Wil } y d their undivided nm. : the your and 4 custuui-houres fe-esiablis.ed in povis o: eutr, Permanent peace of the country. Tho question The Union of the Unitec 8 of America was | tint the revenue ot the United Kiates may be cole vemeelvés shall las “Tur Union say ne coaselens activit . ei ‘ y N ware ty, and the Georral men pn Congress, oad touches very gingerly, VAL" are the words of the ¢ parecere\ee, | thereby enabled to commuunieate pre Faent ie © anti-slavery amendment being adopted,” he peore of the United States, te the declared pur- have been #0 long in ab ce ¢ wence was never more plainly visible in the affairs of gin abeyance, to resume their | igo than iu the traming and the adopting of that " ‘ eveut in American history; and indeed ia it uot, of tvreand thereby complete the work of restoration, | 4) nto in modern ti . the moet pregnant with Lis seems to imp!y oh Shingo fle men of the Convention which prepared it, rh elected from auch States | brought to their work the experlunce of th fi ao have adopted the re- Governments, oid commends nothing, and says that {t is for they obtalued « wisdom superior to experi ry ‘ people thas eccupied a large part of acousneat and ‘ue qualifications of your own members,’ His | acted separately in many distinct conventions, what tacit Gat ‘ b and long ¢ cussion, all Ye teiy oy sil ootnlens wore eading traitors sounds ver: ch Uk titmately drawn in one 108 suppor i ‘ y erueh’ ike the.) ie ution to which life was thus tmparted but te very Little onformity th etio: preservation, lt bas power to enforce the laws, pun- M. o th. 9 BO one Han, Oran oliwarehy, it becornes a duty of the fered (b saauld Gargciad| Wins (he Klevee: : ited Siates to toake good the guarantee to that n “ am the boghews civil tri- id 6 jntain the homogeneousness of ail, Does the lapse policy, Upon the question of negro suffrage he | went is provided im the Constitution itself, ao that its takes firm ground, contending thas the Btatezsund | CovUitons con alwaye foe etrtlisennre tie tame te ‘ng 1 " steps, sought to restore the rightiul energy of the 8 poliey which he hes in the main pur-| the various departments of Government, aud the States, Conventions called, ( ore elected, Legis is, to,state with frankness the principles sine time, the Courts of the United States, as tar as but he contends that ‘in the choice of difficulties Iabora will, in a. gr ure, depend oB | vicncy, ‘The blockade has beon removed aud the of the test-oath and ibe recogaidiwn of the Southern | intended by tte authors to Imut as long ae the Statoe | iclod Tue Post Othee TP partuent renews { Vo onM A MORE renvror Unto cilicers sud agents, ‘Tho courte bring security to gays, “it would remain for the States whose powers | pose of the Constitution, The hand of Divine rovi- places in the two branches of the national legisia- | lnstrument. It is beyond comparing, the crontest § he favors the admission | con ences for every people of the earth? The of she Bouthera mein mendment, but l eration, of thelr seve tho Senate and the House to decide for themselves | * 02 for its validity they required th allusions to the case of Jtyr. Davis and other | 1 ™9ore wonderful than that, after earuess contenuon : . The Cou speeches he made shortly after his inauguration, | cotuine within itself ainple resources for its own of the usurpation of the vernment of a State be made infamous,"* and says that the partes re- toof arepabliean form of government, and so to bunals of the country''—which is the correct | ci iime reves! defects? A simpie mode of ani quicements of advancing Civilizatien, No room is | the wal no other power, are competent to pass upon it, | ai rodeven for the thought of a possibility of ite The t step which I have taken to restore con- Al Be ng toanend, And these powers o/ sell proserva- | atitutional relations of the states, has been an iuvie But we bave not space for further comments at have always been asserted in their comple:e in- in the high office of this time, Tle message is s credit to its author ty bycevery patriotic Chiet Magiats ry Jal- Every patriot must evd wil! receive the commendation oi all finpartial | gnu Madison. The parting advices of the Father of nand Jackson, not lese than by Washingion voaty at the oarliess epoch con, eaiety, For thie great eud there for a geueral ent with pubile his Country, while yet President, to the people of the | is need of a concurrunce of all opiuiona, and the spirit venders, — Lalted States, wasthat “she treo Comaitution,whica | of mutual conciliation. All parties in the late terri- woe the workol thel ds might be eacredly maine | bie conflict must work togeiier in harmony, ke is The Radical Vrogramme. tained;" he soongural words of President Jef | not too tauch to aak, in tho name of the whole peop’ c lic hig he Batical . fe -on held up “the p. servation of the General Gov- | phat, on the one side, the pian of pr tOrasion shail Tur line of policy whieh the Nal icels intend to einen’, in ite cousiimbonal vigor, as the eheet | proceed in conformity with « willinguegs to cast the pursue with reference to resoustructlou, te po or of our peace at home and yi abrosd.” | disorders of the past into oblivion ; aud fast, on the - . »Constiturion ie the work of “the People of tho | oiier, the evidoace of sincerity 1 the future maine doubt embodied in the ser.er i resolutions euii- od States” end it should be as indestructivie as | seuance of the Union shall be pus beyond say doubt mitted in the Senate on Monday by Mr. Bumsar, | ty pie by the ratification of the proposed auendnmeus to the 7 It. “ t strange that tho framers of the Constit Conetitut. which provides for th boll f . : : : ; tin no ne Jonstitae | Conetituts ‘e! he abolition o: That gentleman is the recogn zed lealer of tae ton, vw go model io the past, should not have | slavery tor ever within the limite of country, bo Radicals in the Senate, as Mr. Brevaye ie in the | fully House, and wo may safely Jofer that the pro- | ™ di. ded the excellence of thei: own | loug as the adoption of tlie amendment is delayed, from Oo steuagle againat arbitrary | eo jong will doubt, Jealousy aud Uncertainty prevail, | power, mm atriots ‘trom haraering tears of | Thio is the measure which will efface the wad mem. kramme of bis party is contained tn the five “eons | hu nbeorptan of (he state Goveruments by the Gens | ory of the past; thie le the Weasure which will inest ’ i 7 Aunt e's) Gover ment ana many trom a dread that the | certainly call population, aud cap.tal, und security “iBone” which the gad revolutions entall upon | Xrares woul i biesk away from their orbite, But the | to those parte of the Union that negd them meer, bho Southern Btates as a prerequisite of readimise | yer geataes of our country #houid aliay the appre | ludeed, it 18 Bot to much to uk of the States : henson 4g nerouehinents by the General Govern- | whieh are now resuming their places in the family sion to full sellowabip inthe Union, Relleved of I Jimeat, The sul cote buat come Gu juestionably with | of the Union to give this Modyo of perpetual lo verbing 1 , : ate {iu fet) Con age FO Uumerous, that it erbiage end platuly readere., the Rutioal policy AN totus. to be embarrased by qr may be thus steel: Virst, i.e late rebels, a5 lig Levoud A, Were it otherwise, class, MUSE K.VO evidence Of unequivocal loyalty. } 1 Lty st ever | avd peace, Until itis done, the pass, Lowever tauch that | we may desire it, will not be torgoten, The adoption W@ Baccuuve | of the ainondment reunites us beyood all power of he chaunels of | disruption, It heals the wound tuat ig still imper- veath the burthena; ithe would choked; legisiation would Le ob | fect!y closed ; it removes slavery, tho element wich Second, they must enfranchiso the negros, and | yiu edb. ¢ srotha: there teagroatertomp- | huseo loag perplexed » “di fivided fhe country ; it ve , abt ta dou x ction of the Gene- | makes of Us on 4 more & United people, reaewed and abrogate every p alend loyal ¢ hetion relae ral Gover ea than to trespass | strengthened, bound more hen evor © mutual tive to color. Third, they must reject the rebel | onthe: f sual By \ wolube acquice ail chon 60d KEPDOF Con inti a haw . ph . n the ce sg of the Majority » Ot the begi ‘The amendment to th: #titotion being adopte. debt, agree t pay their 5 nof all Foleray ee ot the coatury, emtoreed by reon “we the | tt would remain for the St Whore pe ety spe obligations, including those to Uaion soliiers, and | the vital Pp bc pe Of re a end tt a ov nteofthe | been so joug In shay 66 (0 5 Mino tholr places in - a . four ) Gare Lave ce ‘shed, we wilt hope tore the two branches © je Above! Logiaiatur give solemn pledges to carry out thes » \pulations tt there to foree, p thereby complete the work of rerioration, Here is in good faith, Fourth, thoy niust gy the freod- Tie malntuanes of the Union brings with it the | for yous feliow-citizens Of ihe Sonate, and for you, ‘ support of the State Governm {nai their rights; | ‘ellvw-ciigens of the House of Kepreseutatives, to men the same educstions) sivautages wat tle oue of the rights ny State Govern. | Judee, Oach of you for yourselves of tb elections, bers, * of the General whites enjoy. Fifth, they must "choose citi ens for office, whether State or Natioual, HOUR #own place tnt) >the tawa of the Union 4 t o diay ° Union, or to | Foturus and qualifications of » » largest liberty The full assertion of : f of the sete of aly mment Ply f Cireutt Courts undoubted loyalt, Coty bat th ty no eppoal | of tho Luiied State e their ig aM A + to the various branches of gat | Sullority bas been int Present poss provisions of Mr, Scmsre’s requirements, and fo tie people, who grant to the | ture of our pabile ABEL O45 biectious have been penalty attached to ther non- ! the Legislature !ot the Executive | urged to holding those courts ta any of the siatus ty aia ne tenure bata the reclaimod States “inust walt until these condi. jm benye tera t tg: Portauece | of 415 Cont acy, ond of this Radical ou ving puot be iy 1, Phe | etiistion, 1 Proceedings of Congress, thus far, stro nal- | ae * ne cate that SummER and Srevuns aro representative taiued, by inquiry, tat tho Chrouig Court United States would not be of V ub irginia during the autu 1 Congress should have ' rend uct on the whole subjec ace thereot, | joush the rea oration, ot t sade under rority of the United Stat therefore necessarie \ treat " ha 3; Ses, Shall be tue | ly reierred, with the hope srovision wil tuten of the average sentiment inthe two Louses, the land; and tue judges in every nade for the resump 100 OF al ity functions, tt i end i$ is not improbable that the programme hall be bound thereby, auyiuing im the cous | manifest that tress, Mo¥t flagrant in character : } by has Dus preowmied will have pirwngih enough) wiiuunding’? % SY SH Kuo contrany uot | boon count aa sy ed ith te winter, bor riunity to con. To your deiibs “4 braneh of the civil ' | | ney and in blag | whore thw rebellion has exis and it was ascers | | | Ce the Government of he United ea is | the highest evil tribunals of the country, in order Bo far ae the constitutionality of these require + litte fovernment oo ts Wake Cosctioatirant the laws be. : made mons } q ithe truth clearly established and that tresson is @ sine. traitors should tune gg, hat ‘fh guest may be may , and Tr, that no State the right to renounce its place in the of General Government towants the habitents whom the war has called into freedom, have engaged my most serious consideration, On the propriety of attempting to Make the freedmen electors by the iamation of th ecutive. 1 took for my counsel the Conmitution iteeif, the interpretations of that instrument by ite Sutuors f contemporaries, and recent le) lation by Congres, When, at the fires movement towards independence, the Congress of the Lnited Bates imetruc the several states to instituie eovernments their own, they lett each State decide for itself the conditious for the enjoyment the elective tranchise. During the period of the Confederacy, there continued to exist a very great Giveraitv im the gualificatione of electors In the several States; and even within a Btate a distinction of quali teatons prevalied w e€:ara to the eftice. who were to be chosen, he Constitution of w Lutted S:ates recocnizes these diversiies when 1% enjoins that, in toe choice ot House of Representatives ot the ita Sta “the electore ineach State ehali have the qualifications requy for electors of the numerous branch of the 8 Legisiatare.” After the formation of {he Constitution, it remained, as before, the uniform us for each Btate to eniarge tue body of ite electors, according to iteown juugment; and, under this system, one Biate atter abother bas proceeded to increase the number of ite electors, until now universal suffrage, er something very near it, to the general rulc, Bo fixed was this reserv’ of power in the habits of the pecp.6, aud eo unques- tioned has been the interpre:ation of the Consiiu- tion, that giucing ts civil war Oe er Presiden) red the purpose—certainly a the purpose —of diregar it; and in Congress, during that period, nothing can be found Which, during the continuance of hostilities, much alter thelr close, would have sanctioued any departure by the Executive from Sey van ta © unitormly obtained. loreover, & concessic! the lective francine to the freedmen, by act of the Prosident of the United States, must have been ox- tended to all colored men, wherever found, and so Must have established « change of eulirags jo the Northern, Middle, and Western States, not less than in the Southern and Houthwestern. Buch an act would have crested a newc of voters, and would have been an assumption of power by the President which nothing in Constitution or laws of the United States would bave warranted. On the other hand, every danger of confilet fs avoided when the settlement of the question \s referred to the several States, They cau, each for itself, decide oa the measure, and whether itis to be adopted at once and absolutly, or introduced gradu- aly and with conditions. In my judgment the freedmen, if they shew patience and manly Green will sooner obtain a participation in the electiv franchise through the States than through the (reueral Government, even if it had power to inter- yene, When the tumult of emotions that have been raived by the suddenness of the social change shail have subsided, it may prove that Lhey will receive the Kiudiiest usage from some of those on whem they have heretofore most closely depended, Lhave no doubt thas now, after the close it ie not competent for the General Government to extend the elective tranuchise in the several Btates, it 1s equaliy clear that good taith requires the security of the treedmen in their liberty and their property, their right to labor, and thelr right to claim the just return of their r. Leanuos too strongly a & dispassionate = trestumeont Re t. whieh age RA g ° eluly rty A @ must aunty avotd hasty eavumtptions of any natural be powsibility for the two races to live side by side, in esate of matual benetit and good wil, ihe experiment invoives us in no inconsistency sg let us then, go on and make that experiment in « faith, and n0t be too easily disheartened, The country is in need of labor, aud the fresdmwen are in need of employment, culture, and protection, While weir right of voluntary migration and expatriation is not to be questioned, | would not advise their torced removal and colonization, Let us rat. them to honorabie and useful industry, where is may be beneficial to themselves and to the country; and, instead of basty anticipations of the certaiuty or failure, let their be mothing wanting to the (air trial of the experiment. ‘The change 1p thelr condition is the substitutian of labor by contract for the status of slavery. The freedman cannot fairly be accused of unwillingness to work, so loug asa doubt remains about his freedom of choice in pursuits, and the cortainty of hia recovering his stipulaced wages. In this the interests ot the employerand the employed coipeide, ‘The empioyer desires in his kien epirit and alserit: these can be permanenty secured tn no ot way, And ifthe one ouxhs wo able to enforce the contract, so oughs the uthe. pubic Interest will be best promoved, if the «: States will provide adequate protection and remedies tor the freedmen, Uaotil thieisin some way accom- plished, there i# no chance for the @dvantageous use of their labor; aud the blame of ili-suceess wil nos t sincere philanthropy is earnest for the realization of ite remotes! ilns; but tine iways an element in reform, it 18 one of th, greatest acts on record to have brought four ition, ot prople tuto freedom, The career of tree indus, wust be fairly opeued to them; and then their furure prosperity and condition must, after all, rest main y on themeelves, It they fail, and eo perish away, lot us be careful that the failure aual! uot be attribut- eole to any demial of justice. Inall that relates to the destiny of the freedmen, we need not be too anxious to read the future; wwany incidents which, frvlu a speculative point of vi might rae will quietly patels ne ives Now that slay at anendor near ita end, th: greatness of ite evil, in the pont ot view of pablie economy, becomes more and more Spparent. Biavory Was essentially @ monoply of labor, and as such lock+ Od the States whove it prevailed agaiast the incoming of tree industry. Where labor was the property of the capitalist, the white man excluded from employment, or had but the sesond best chance of finding it; and the foreign emigrant turned away from the region where his condition would be so precarious. ith the destruction of the monoply, tree labor will hasten from ai of the civili world to assist in developing various aad immesura- bie resources which therto Iain dormant, The eighror nine 8 nea the Gult of Mexico have asoit of exuberan rtllity., @ climate friendly to long tife, aod can sustain » denser Population th, found as yet ia uy part of ourcouatry, And future Influx of populsiion to them will, nalnly from the North, or trom she most cultivated vations in Europe. From the sufferings that have atteuded them during our late stiuggle, let ua look away to the future, Which is sure to be faden for them with great. er prospe.ity than has ever betore beeu know ihe removal of the monoply of slave labor is a predge that those regions will be peopled by @ sumercus aad en- terprising populetion, woich will vie with auy in the { ren iu compaciuess, luveutive geaius, wealth, and industry, Uur Government springs from and was made for the poople—uot the people for the Governmen To them it owes allegiance; from them it must derive its courage, strength and wisdom, But, while the Government is thus bound to defer to the peopie, from whom it derives its existence, it should, trom the very consideration of its origin, be atroue In its power of resistance to tho eatabishwent of inequall- ties. Monopo les, perpetuities, and clase legisiation, are contrary to the geatus free government, ‘and nt not to be allowed. Here, there is uo reo for favored classes or monopdiies © principle of our Goverament is that oi equal laws und {reedum of industry. Wherever monopoly obtains a foothold, it is sure to be a source of dangul, discord, and trouble. We shall but fulfil our duties as legislators by accord. ing “equal aud exact jusiice to all mon,” pe. privileges to none, Lhe Government is ° vo the people; but, as tho agent and representative of the people, tt must be held superior to Monopolies, which, in themselves, ought never to be granted, aud woich, where shey exist, must be subordinase yield to the Government, sad The Constitution confers on Congress the right to reguiate commerce ainong the several States. It le of first necessity, for the maintenance of the Union, that that coumerce alould be free aud un- obstructed, No Stace can be justified in any device so tax the transit of traves and coumerce between any Stasos is such that, if they were allowed lo take advantage of it tor purposes of jocal reveaue,the commerce between States might be injuriously burdened, or even virtually probibited is is beat, while the country is still young, aud while the tendency to dangerous monopolies of this kind is still teeble, to use the power of Cougress a0 as to pre- veut any selfish Impediment w the bee clroulation of men aud merchandise, A tax ou travel aud mor- chandise, in their transit, constitutes one of the worst forma of monopoly, and the evil is inereaset if coupled with @deuiss of the choice of route, Wiheo the vast extent of our country iv consiuered, it ie plain that every obstacle to the tree circulatioa of commerce between the States oughs w be sternly guarded against by appropriate legielauon, within the limits of she Cous.itusion, I'he report of the Secretary of the Interior explains the condition of the pabiic lands the transactious of the Patent (Oilice aud the Pension Bureau, the management of our Judian affairs, the progives made ap tho contruction of the Pacific raiiroad, and furnishes injormat.on in reterouce to matters of local faterest in the District of Columbia, It also preseute evidences of the successful eperation of the Home- tead Act un the provis: of which 1,10u,533 eres oF the public lands were entered dusing tue last fiscal year—inore than one-fourth of the whole num- ber of acres sold oF obLOrw ine disposed of during that period, It is estimated 4 the receipts derived irom this source are sufficient to cover the expenses incident to the sarvey and disposal of the lands eutered under this Act and that payments in cash to ihe extems of trom torty to tilty percent, will be taade by settiers, Who may thus at auy time acquire tito beiore the expiration of the period at which it ees made by the vy, have «welled the records cedented it. June Inst, the total namb@rot pensioners wae requiring for their annual pay, exclusive of exepeen, the eum of #5,05.445. The number of lieations that hare been allowed since th will require a large increase of this ammount for the next fiscal year, The menns for t® payment of the stipends due, under exiatir ur disab ed poidiers and ratlors, and have perished in 7 t thecountry, doubt be cheerfully nied. ful people will not hesirate notion any meas. having for their object the relies of soldiers mulila € and families made fatheriees iu the effortsto p: every our national @xistence. ‘The report of the Postmaster General preren's ary enconraging exhibit of the eperations of the l'« Office Department during the vear, The Of the past rear from the loyal Btates alone the maximum sanual receipte trom ail the - ' Previous to the seveilion, in the cum ot Go So. V1 end the anntal average increase o1 ieve the last four ate, compared with the f immediately preceding the rebellion, wae £ hf Tie revenues of the lest fiecal year ntrouy ¢ 14,556,168, and the expenditures 10 & loud ‘AVing @ Surpins of receipes oer exPeadsi.6 1,480, rogreses has ben made im resto postal service in the southern stare \ The views prevented by the Postuater Genes against the policy of granting aubeidies to ooran ma steainship lines oon ertabliaued routes, aud ju tov at of continuing thy prevent aystem, whieb itn te th iy compensation for oc fervice to the post ge ear ings, are recommenued to the careiul consmerats of Congress, i from the report of the Becretary of +h) Navy, that while, at the commencement year, there were in comm ission 630 werots Classes and deseriptions, armed with 3.000 wuns Ai manned by 6luvi men, the number of vevels + rereut in commission is 117, with 530 guns %lis men, By this prompt reduc n of the n forces the expenses of the Government have beso. largely diminished, and a nuwber of vessels, pur chased for naval purposes from the merchant have been returned to the peaceful pur mereé. Since the suppression o P our foreign ejandrons have been re- ‘ished, an of veasela much more eflicient than thoa Vious to the rebellor ment of the nay peats, and especially for the establiehinent of one i rosh ater tur ironclad vessels, is deserving of com sideration, as is also the recommendatign for different location and more ample grounds for th Naval Academy, In the report of the Secretary of War, & cenerei fommary is given of the military campal andl ending in th ance to the national The operation f War Departinent during the past vr ind an estimats made of the app sed for military purp the fiscal yoar commencing the 30th day of Ju 1866, The nationa: military force on the lst of M id 18¢5, numbered 1,000,516 men. It is propose t ‘bh military establirhment to a peace iooiir arm, nargement be fillir up the ranks to eighty-two thousand ex buodres the circumstances of the country should re jn Quementation of thearmy., The I dy been reduced by the diecharve f of over eight bund troops, and Department is prov in the work forther reduction * are relu from $516,245, 151 to #3. ich awount the opinion of the Departua ot. is adequate for « pe Cstablishimens, The inessures of retreucline it each Bureau and branch of t rvice exhibita Hoty worthy of con ation, Ketere de in the report to the necessity of prov ing for & uniform militia eyatem, and to the prop ty of making suitable provision for wounded « disabled officers and soldiers, My stem of the countr; honor and pr + And Bio! command the earnest consid yugresa, 1 Becretary of the Treasury will youat and detailed report of the rec of the last fiscal year, of the firet quarter of t sent fiscal year, of tho probable re k ditures of tho other three 4 wud the eetiniat for the year following the 20th of June, 1806, | cise content myself with a reference to that repor’, which you will find all the intormation requi.ed f our deliberations and decision, But thi ar nportance of the subject so presses tt: Diind, that | uet niy in i energy, virtue, and intelligence of its cirizeas: t it inequally true that & good revenue eyetem is bt life of an organized government. I meet sou a! tine when the nation has voluntarily burdened it with @ dobt unprecedented iu our anny Vast as its amount, it fades away into nothing when compare with the countiess blessings that will becoa erie. up our country and ugen man by the preservation ¢ the nation’s liie, Now, oa the first occasion of meeting ot Congress since the return of peace, 1th the utmost importance to inmugurate & just po which éhall at once be put in motionand whi commend iteeltto those who come alter us tor i nee, We muet aim at nothing vem dian th te effacement of the fiusncial eve ¢! Decessarily jollow @ state of civil war, We nu endeavor to apply the earliest remedy to the veran, @d stato of the currency,aud not shrink irom a @ policy which, which withont being Oppiet..e the people, shall immediately begin to eifecs « r duction of the debt, aud, if persisted in, fully within adetiaite fixed numb it is our first duty to prepwre in earo recovery from the ever-inc ne evils ot ceomable currency, Without @ sudden reyuision, ar yet without untimely procrastination. For that we must, cach in our respeciive positions 7 the way. J hold it the duty of the Executive sist upon fruvality in the expenditures; aud a +; econouny is itself @ great uauoual reeoure banks to which authority has been ¢t notes secured hy bonds of the United States, wen require the 4 od pm aud prudence, « the law must be ri exceedet, We may, each on active and Cnterprising countrymen t on their guard, to liquidate debts contrac paper currency, and, by conducting business as near! gs possible ou a ay of cash payments oF eho. credits, to hold themselves pre} d to seturu to tl standard of gold and eiuver, To aid our citizens inthe prudent manegement of their tary affairs, the duty devolves oa us to ainir law the amount of Paper money bow iu clicudat Five years avo the bank-nute ciuculation of ty country amounted to hot much more than two hu dred miliiona; now the circulation, beak tional, excoe oven hundred mill Atement of the tact recom: than any wordsoi wine co our rostraining this expansion, Le gradual se ud tion of the currency is the only measure that ca @ the business of the country trot dieartroy calamities; and this can be almost iupercepun. eccompiished by gradually funding (he uauoual oc Cuiation in securities that may be made redeetisb Qt the pleasure of the Government, Our debt ie doubly secure; first in the actual weal and etili greater undeveloped resources of the cou try; and bext in the character of our imatiiuion The most intelligent observers among politica: eco. Tm.sts have not faied to remark, that the public of a country @ 1b pP.oportiond as ie peop é free; that tue debs of @ repuclic is the sate tot w Our bistory contirms @nd ertablishes whe Woo! w is, I firmly boueve, destined to give 16 asin. ino signal iiustration, ‘Lhe secret of this « work springs not merely from the iact that ia a repul the ational obligations are distributed mo.e thiough countiess numbers in all Classus vl society; hasits root in the character of our is Laer mea contribute to the public welfare, bear tue fair share of the public burde: During the we under the tupuises of patiioiisu, the men of ib great body of the people, wituout regard Lo Liwir ow comparative wantet wealih, jurouged to ¢ and tied our tlete of war, anu hold ter to offe: their lives for the pu g00d, the turn, the property and incom of the countiy eboul bear thei: just proporsion of jue burden of taxalo while in our impost system, (rough means of w increased vitality 19 incidentaily imparied to a the industrial interests of the nation, the du \¢ should be so adjusted @~s to fai: most Leavuy on arf cles of lurury, | pg the necessaries of | from taxation ae the absolute wants of the + ly adunimistered, wilh justily, ould demaod treedow fiom mse 4, and the taxes should be #o distributed ay to fall unduly on the poor, but rather on the secur lated wealth of the country, We should look a: Rational debt just as it ie—not as a national Lie bus as a heavy burden on the induetry of the coun to be discharged without unnecessary de ay, It is estimated Ly the Becretary of the 1’ that the expeudituros tor ihe fiscal y Sth of June, 1506, will exceed the receipts 14,047, Leis gratityang, however, 0 state Lis Also mated that the reveuue jor the year ¢ tho Guth of June, 1307, will exceed the eapeuu in the sum of $111, dis amouut, or #e tuay be deeiwed euiicient for the p me, 1h applied 64 bbe reduction of the public debt, wh the Slat day of Ociober, Lodo, waa 2,740. Every reduction wii dininisa the tolal au: faterest to be paid, and so euiarge the meaner further reductions, uns the whole shall be dated, aud this, as will be seen trom the the Secretary of the Lrea, by sonual payments evea openins Oy years. I have faiih jus ¥ a # Within & reasonabie tune; that, amazed the world by the suppression of a ciy which was thought to be beyond the control wwe ualy show the supe -