The evening world. Newspaper, August 12, 1921, Page 12

sence sheneanatialainipersietadiecenreo tate ? ee ate ie AUER A A A ia 4 } f { Pe F { t i ie 2] Che Cvenpy USTABLISHED DY JOSEPH PULITZER. “i Dally Excep: Sunday by The Press Publishing ompany. Nos, 52 to 63 Park Row, New York. LPH PULATZEN, President, 63 Park Row. ANGUS SHAW, Treasurer, 63 Park Row. JOSEPH PULIT@EN Jr., Secretary, 63 Park Row MEER OF THE assogtareD Pr Tae Associated Pres ty exclusively entitled to the ase for republi of all news despatches eredit=d to {t er not otherwise credited in thi 189 the local mews pabitshed herein. SPEAKING OF CONSTITUTIONS E confess to a complete absence of thrill over the news that the Supreme Court ot Massachusetts has decided that the Constitution of 4780 still governs the Bay'State. Not doubting for a moment the sincerity of the interest attaching to this decision where it strikes, we feel the futility of discussing at this remove the question of what Massachusetts thought it was do- ing when, in 1919, it voted to “rearrange” the provisions of its fundamental law. What occurs to us, by suggestion from the news at Boston, is the thought of what an occasion it might be could some magic or other influence, wholly legal and decorous, restore to force in the country at large the primal intent of the Federal Constitution of 1787. We are no: thinking of that great document ot the fathers as of a perfect piece of work, allhougi: it has been highly eulogized by great minds in al! lands; has been held, indeed, to constitute a mode’ of simplicity and durability as a basic plot in gov erament. That which slirs us is the memory of a certain prirciple of non-interference which was expressly and carefully preserved by the framers ot th» Constitution Adhering to this principle, the draughismen of the Document avoided of purpose every suggrstion of sumptuary law; every hint of interf or regulation cf the tastes and customs of individual men. There were State courts and local peace officers to look after criminal codes and the practitioners of crime. The Constitution was not to be a manual! for police courts. It was to provide the great, genera’, overlooking body of law under which men were to provide, through town communities and through organized States, the agencies of good order We are aware that all this has been said before, with more on the same theme. It seems to us worth while to repeat. For take notice how the wisdom - rence with the fore faker. Democrats have no stronger ammunitioa inst the regular tariff bill than an exposure of fake character of this “Emergency Bill.” $400 A YEAR FOR CHILDREN. NE desirable change proposed for incorporation in the forthcoming Federal Tax Law would allow a $400 exemption in income for each child in the family in place of the $200 under the present law. | This wouk! he a welcome relief to parents. Ii ceriainly would be simple justice so long as we assume to levy taxes graded roughly accorling to the ability to pay. It is true that some parents manage to rear large families where the total family income does not amourtt to as much as $400 pér child. Bu! those children do not have the benefits every child oughi to have, Nor do these large families on small in- comes represent the most desirable class of popu lation increase. The small income-lax payers are the middle- class families, “the backbone of the Nation.” The United States cannot afford to discourage more children in just the class of families to benefit by a $400 exemption in the income subject to taxation With a 4 per cent. rate this amounts to a $16 tax exemption instead of $8. Additional childrea in income-tax paying families are worth more than this to the Nation. COMING TO TIME. T was high time the Pennsylvania Railroad de- cided to obey the law and accept the decision of the Ra:iroad Labor Board relative to the system: of holding elections for representatives of the em- ployées who are to negotiate new working agree- ments, A It was also high time the employees stopped making strike threats and expressed willingness to abide by “popular opinion,” as one spokesmen ex pressed it, and by the nulings of the Labor Boara, which happens to be the law. Both of these have happened and the industrial picture lovks just so much the brighter. Jn the course of the controy even the Labor Board seems to have modified its stand to provide fairer conditions for the elections. The present election plan seems to promise 4 rea! referendum on the actual popularity of union organization among railroad employees. The re sults of a carefully supervised election should show whether employees prefer representation by what the labor haters refer to as “walking delegates,” or by representatives from their own ranks in the so- called “company unions,” But whatever the results, as long as the Trans- portation Act is in effect and the Labor Board 1s functioning, both the employing railroads and the fathers is justified in our own generation. We have changed the scheme of the Constitu- tion. We have thrown dignity out of the plan. We have lowered bar$ of considered restraint and have let in petty, personal interferences, Our immediate harvest includes corruption con- fusion, contempt of law and the high cost of non- enforcement. And the easily opened door of constitutional change invites multiplied troutves. THE GOOD SHIP OREGON, The State of Oregon is entirely right in ask- ing the Navy Department to give it the famous old battleship Oregon, the pride of the fleet and the toast of the Nation in the Spanish-American War. ‘When the junking of the Oregon was first pro- posed The Evening World suggested that it would be better to save the historic hulk and use it as a maratime museum, ‘The State of Oregon should have first call m the vessel. But why, we ask, should the State expect the Nation to maintain this interesting relic and provide a crew and the necessary up- keep cost? That certainly should be assumed by the recipient of the gift. . If Oregon does not want the ship on such terms, why should not New York apply? Couldn't the Oregon be moored in or beached near the bank of the North River and used as barracks for the Naval Militia in the place of the old Granite State which burned recently? HECKLE THE FAKER. Fp FPRESENTATIVE YOUNG, the stepfather of the misbegotten “Fordney Fake” Emergency Tariff Act in its second and successful attempt to be born, now proposes that it be extended for two months from Novernber 27. This wheay belt legislator apparently expects that the regular tariff bill which will supersede the “Emergency” measure will not be ready by the end of November. It is more than possible thai he is right. And if the tariff is to be passed some time between November 27 and January 27, ‘+ may be as well to extend the Emergency Bill to preven: speculative abuses, But when the Young proposal comes to the floor it is to be hoped that the Democratic members of the House will not fail to question the gentleman from North Dakota in regard to what his measure has done tor the farmers in whose behalf i was xensibly advanced. . How are the farmers better off than vefore? How much has the Dye Trust gained? How do the two compare? What has the consumer pag: The best way to expose a fake is to heckle the employed workers should abide by the mazhinery set up by legal process. if either the employers or the employees question the value of the machinery, the plac: for protest is cn the floor of Congress and not in stri disregard of the rulings of the Labor Board. S Or FOR BETTER SPEECH. (From the Roche ter Post E: #.) One of those interested in the better speech ca paign deplores the kind of English used by our ca lege students. Truly it is generally pretty poor, But, though the prefessor places his finger upon what fs | Probably the cause of this poor college-student Eng- | lish, he also gives the very best remedy for those | cases in which it is the cause, He maintains that it is due to lack of training in homes and public schouls, ‘This is very likely one of the most frequent causes. If a child does not hear good English in the home it is not likely to deem good English worth bothering about. This carelessness is not likely to be corrected but rather enhanced if the importance of learning the elements of good English is not emphasized in the schools. And we know that it is not. We know that in the teaching of English in most of our schools tv- day the use of striking sentences is advocated. We know this because we have heard it taught, and we see it in the efforts of the younger writers and sprak- ers of the day. One of the chief obstacles to acquiring the habit of using good English is the disinclination of tie teachers of elementary English to teach the gram- | mar of our tongue. They take it for granted that the indictment of ours as a grammarless tongue is a true bill and that the language has been convicted of the offense. But the charge is not entirely true. Our grammar is defective because it is the grammar of anotber language fastened upon ours. But some of it is valid for English, and there is always a correct English. Elementary teachers fail to impress their pupils with this truth because the teaching of gram- mar is a tedious labor, while the study of literature is much more pleasant for the teacher, however far be- yond the capacity of the pupil of tender years it may be. Boys and girls go to high school, where the teaca- ing of literature is continued, while the study of rhetoric, which might disclose the students’ lack of | knowledge, is neglected. The supposition that tne | | Student entering college knows his English grammar brings further study of literature for young people that have not been given sufficient knowledge of the language to be able to appreciate good English when they read it, much less to see the necessity for the greatest care in the use of the language by them- selves. If from the very beginning of their school days our children were taught the necessity of clear expre: sion they would use better English. The teaching ot | this would necessitate the teaching of the rules that govern the correct use of our language, whether they can be called a grammar or not. If a boy or girl were told and shown that the only correct English | the English that must, not may, be understood by | the hearer or reader it would impel the resort to sraiomar ond AMetionssy and rhetoric tu: ‘ae To the Editor of The kvening World tacked _THE EVENING WORLD, FRIDAY, AUGUST 12, 1921. ~The Book of Knowledge right 1921, ty The Mee Tsilbthg Co (The New York Evening Word) By John Cassel ||| The Pioneers of Progress By Svetozar Tonjoroff rate, 1921, by The Prema Peli ing Co one Son Vern renting Werte XXXVIL—THE MAN WHO DIS- COVERED MANHATTAN ISLAND. The discovery of the congress of nations known as Manhattan Ishind was the greatest territorial contrisus | tion, in point of future possibilities, javer made by a navigator, | Apart from the claims advanced in | behalf of Verrezane, the honor of the discovery Selongs to Henry Hudson— not Hendrick Hudson, but plain Henry Hudson, an Englishman in the servfoe of the Dutch Verrezino, sailing under the Freueh. if may or may n have been the first white man to Mt eyes on Man- hattan. But if he did see the southe cern end of this island in 1523, as has been alleged, he went bis way without, staking a claim Hudson not only t anchor off these premises in 160%, but he took (home with him copious notes of hit .|discovery and started the current of |immigration coming this way | It was Hudson who, from his an |chorage on the inner side of Sandy Hook, sent a! beat's crew wp the Nare rows to see what lay just beyond, On their return, minus one man killed by the Indians, this boat's crew reported to their commander a land covered with ffees and flowers and redolent with “delightful fragrance.” Such was the outer aspect of Man- hattan Island on Sept. 6, 1609. Many changes have taken place in this set- but ting since that memorable day; there are still a few trees a jeft, and the “delightful is Jimited to restricted areas. After he had sailed up the Nar= rows in the Half Moon. Hudson |cast anchor in New York Harbor, es- |tablished friendly relations with the |Indians—of whom there were many jat that time—and then explored the river which bears his name up to the vicinity of what is now Albany, Having collected considerable In= lformation about the country here- abouts, the lucky navigator—lucky for moment, that is to say—sailed under full canvas back to Amster- dam, submitted his report to his backers, and the immediate result was the stimulation of European travel in this direction, | This current of travel is now limit- ed only by the new immigration law. Since September 6, 1609, Manhattam |Island has become the most populous spot of equal extent in the world, The settlement at the mouth of the Hudson is now successfully disputing with the much older settlement at the |mouth of the English Thames the ‘tide to the financial arbitership. of \the world, As to Henry Hudson himself, a contemporary thus deseribes his end, he had discovered Hudson's ay and the strait of that name, this ing under the glish fi last the ill-will of the c prevailed. They exposed Hudson and the other officers in a boat on the open sea, und returned to their ov + country. There they have been thrown into prison for their crime, and will be kept there until their captain shall be safely brought home. For that purpose some ships have What kind of a letter do you find .nost readable? Isn't it the one that gives you the worth of a thousand words ina couple of hundred P There is fine _menta! exercise and a lot of satisfaction in trying 0 eay much in a few words. Take time to be brief. Not a Joker. American and a citize as he born and 1, .red in the United St The following amendment has been —age twenty-c.cht, n to the Anti-Beer Bill: | ,,"B" claims that | Austria, a y person not a duly author- orn in. Auatri is a citizen of parents were both but never took out ment | fiduciary corporations, organized for It will be noted that this prohibi-| specific purposes, into housing medi- tion extends only to persons that are| yins? It appears to me that. there Dot duly authorized olftcers, agents OF) should be a limit to the attemp.: in employees of the United States. | 8¢ a This amendment; therefore, impti-| "at direction, ative citly permits any offi Se ahtenien CAE A a Committee has proposed through its rive the people of thelr rights, privi.| counsel, Mr. Untermyer, to require eges or immunities secured or guar. | 1% insurance companies to invest 40 ced by the Conatltutios | per cent. of their assets in real estate This is the neatest joker that the! panies do buntroswide busines Anti-Saloon League has yet put over | 4nd nearly all the States have.retal It loudl the incom | tory laws. How long will it be then peteh before other States will make a re ement of th If the Dill is passed by both Houses | au kind? in its present form our constitutions) | follow that we be for rights, privileges and immunities| payment for fire losses in mort Junder the Constitution are at the| If we required such companie | mercy of any United States officer, | make morigage investments and they ADOLPH EDWARDS, w York, Aug. 9. ° ote: ‘The paragraph pre- ne -moted provides: any offi ployee of the U gaged in the en this act or the National Prohibition Act or any other law of the United States who shal] search or attempt found it impossible to dispose of the mortgazes when some big fire catled for the payment of millions jas was the in San agent or em-| what other cou could they puc- ited States en-| sue? P. S. HAVILAND. sment ot Peasantville, Aug. 9 ceding ti “Tha Industry and Action, | To the Kdltor of The Evening World: to search the property or premises| Industry is that which makes every of any person without previously | stroke tell; which as the result of its having a search warrant as pro-| labor produces something of value. vided by law shall be guilty of a} Mere action is labor tivi itself misdemeanor ant upon conviction! out, producing lots of sweat but litt there. shall be fined not to exceed | of nything else, Ldke a man sol $1,000 or imprisoned not to exceed) shoes with bogus leather, he works one year, or beth so fined and im-| just as hard and may perhaps obtain prisoned in the court.” discretion of the! his pay, but his production is nil; or the woman who, taking the house money, buying good food and with oPavet! To the Editor of The J.T. A. Wright's article on wom- an's apishness deserves (he commen- dation of every sensible and conserv- preparing and handling renders, arter much work, that which onee had value into that which, since @ is in- | | digestible, is worthless and her efforts are nil ative woman, Now that a male has| "Sy a ma She may be a hustler, She may taken the inttiative, it would not be! sory the floor till the boards pet’ amiss for all sensible women to or-| rushes are worn—bul she is not ine ganize and combat the fa fashions designed by foreigner are told that imitation is the form of flattery. America is a ¢ rion In_ many rv why on tious We st dustriaus, It is not the man or woman who perspires the most that ix the most fashion? FLORENCE WOOLBY. | ageing and lam ene at ue New Yorks: Aug Jor that. 7 ile are more labor Vwastore and encray killers « te Hinhs. Industry v in’ planntin, n Woud first lear? n uid Is ‘but would enable the composition of such English, | TW : 1 “a @huns Ue we 4 Lu) Mdged the object to be weoulmplshed and ® From Evening World Readers” Le RR | RR ir great labor,and unintelligent effort in. UNCOMMON SENSE By John Blake (Copyright, 1921, by John Blake.) THE MAN WHO WILL, There are plenty of men who can but won't! can and will are scarce, jobs. ’ Men who And they get most of the good Almost daily, if you are a good listener, you hear the Micer, agent or employee of American citizgnship papers, al- former class discussed the United tes, who, under color though living here many years and Whe aed . ; : ” Bae ack ran une ss eer ee a i ce Cae He won't work after 4 in the afternoon.” ; orcement of this act or the Bases his claim on “He won't tackle a big job.”! H Bg down some time ago : . . 2 ‘ eee eee ee tates | Justice White in a case invelving this “He won't take a job that involves getting his hands athe y of the ates = point. : ” Oh Ch URES: Bee pera ee “A" would appreciate some infor- 3 dirty. brAmmiinities wes] MANOR On SDE FO ne ee ernest “He won't work for less than he was getting last year.’ x ne late War and has two youngsters xs A i ; 4 pene: Sony! whom he thinks and hopes real He won't take his orders from anybody but the pro uilty of a felony and | A™ wets Kee 2 OO prietor.” upon conviction thereof shall be | NTs BOS Be Bi 5 + 5 A ‘A punished by imprisonment for aj tacnvagas wendy He won't do anything that is out of his particular Fe eee tna five Pato, | Te the Eltor of The Erening Worl: line.” And because of these won’ts a large number of or t such fine and imprigon-| How far are we going to turn our 3 resumably competent gentlemen find themselves out of em- ployment for long periods of time. The other day the writer-heard a business man talkin of a seeretary he had recently hired: “He always will,” said the man, Task him to if he knows how, “He will do anything He will keep any hours that ary, go to any place I ask him. I believe he wou!d drive my car for me if I couldn't get a chauffeur and the are nec car was necessary to business. “He has now as any sceretary L ever had, found out twice as much about the business I can't keep him long in that job, though; I'll soon have to make a general manager out of him.” There is nothing so satisfactory in this world as the mah who will—if he can. The man who volunteers for the disagreeable task, who is afraid rather that he won't do enough than that he will do too much, is so sure of advancement that the wonder is so few follow his xample, Yet the men who won't are still in the majority, and the indications are that they always will be. This will make it easier for you, if you are # anan who will, to get along. Tackle anything cheerfully, willing to learn about TF and eager to make it go, and you will find that the much discussed shortage of jobs doesn't e concerned, st, as far as you are The disinclination of most people to do anything more one of them and learn how to be competent, as well as wills ing, and the road won't be so hard for you ay it may looks to-day. ri than just endugh is the opportunity of the willing man, ore _ a - st then doing it without waste of time, phinni me suld have done action or eneray The er yred Jong and ha A man is to live by tive of his on b imachine, but you sure brow, not the sweat of his shoulders Md NOL Cail him. inert much of whieh may by waved when Industry makes product’ on. Me down stairs Liuus @erulng Waen, by | New York, Aug. 9 heen sent out last year.” (1612). But Henry Hudson never returned from the uncharted voyage in that open boat, | Ten-Minate Studies | of New York City > | Government By Willis Brooks Hawkins. | @ series defining the duties of the ad- This 3 the eighty-fourth article of legislative officers York City and of | ministrative | and boarda Government. | WATER, GAS AND ELECTRICITY. nt of Water Supply, ity is under the con- joner appointed by jurisdiction over y; the dis- the New The Der Gas and E trol of a Commi: the Mayor. It fh | the sources of tribution and th | the collection of high pressure an and Brooklyn; the rates charged water companies in the lighting of streets, parks and ptblie buildings; the use and transmission of as and electricity im or under the streets; the construction of electric maine, conductors and subways in or under the streets; the inspection of electric wares and appli- ind the licena- on pieture ap= is carried on by n of ns | r principal bure The Bureau of Water Supply is re- sponsible for the water supply of the tion, including the Queens, Brooklyn Island watersheds, ex- irca of more than 859 et sontrols mumercus vit tts the five high tions for ge daily eonsump New York City int galiona, Of this amount about 45,- 00,000 gallons were supplied by the privi vo of Brook- water jiyn. Q and Richinend Phe Bureau of Water Revenue is sponsibic. for the collection of \ approximately $15,000,000 annually received by the city from the sale i About per cent.of these 4 is collected from metered | sureau of Gas and Klcetric | purehases all steam, gax and el trie supplicd to the ¢ public utility companies hi charge of the lighting of all streets parks and public buildings, include ng the suppiy of incandescent famps to the buildings. Ut electrical eonducto }inits fo I “nd remove | tans and all and issues pers supervises ins pproy construd city; on theatre: to the work in } plied heceat department stores, hotely, apartme nises, facturies ang private resi- nces; eXainines and licenses elec | trical ‘contractors and) motion pice jive operators, and tgsts the quality ra lof a + manufactured in the city. } ‘The Bureau of Administration, in ) addition s general duties, oxer= eleises the departments regulatory DowK r the private water con= hay yhich supply water to more (han 400,000 of the city’s inhabitants,