The evening world. Newspaper, February 7, 1921, Page 18

oie ely exo BETAPLIGHED BY JOSEPH PULITZER. | paeieee Dally Except Suoday by The Prem Publishing ‘Company. Nos. 63 te 63 Park Raw, New York. RALPH PULITZER, Preeldeut 63 Park Row. J, ANGUS BHAW, Treasurer, 63 Park Row. Hi JOSEPH PULITBOR Ir., Secretary, 63 Fark Row. MEMBER OF ‘THE ASSOCIArED’ PRESS. Ateoctated Trem \e exctustrety entitied to the ts fer reptibitention news despatches credited te it or not otherwise credited in this paper ee So . WAR AND THE TARIFF. f AR has had much {fo do with the tariff in the bg United States. fos It was the War of 1812, shutting off imports from } Engiand and stimulating manufactures of iron, cot- , ton and woollen goods, pottery and glass in this * hitherto mainly agricultural country, that furnished the first strong urge toward: the protective principle in tariff making. ; For a generation following the War of 1812 great (suse was made of the argument that protective duties were needed to foster the industries that had sprung «wp in the United States during the years of embargo ‘and prohibitive war duties. ~ It _ was, of course, the youth of these industries Gut was supposed to entitle them to protection. There are high economic authorities who maintain | that the development of manufactures in the United © States during this period would have ‘been the same without protective duties. Nevertheless, ‘the “infant + industry” plea had been approved by most econd- | mists. It supplied early protectionists with argu: 4! ments for tariff tinkering until, with the growth of i } ‘American industries, the plea of protecting American Tabor from the competition of cheap labor in Europe © further reinforced the protectionist case. “The tariff had its ups arid downs until 1860. Politicians learned its tactical possibilities. The division between, protectionists and free traders be- \ b came more clearly defined. The Whigs made the 4 tariff of 1842 a party measure. High tariffs and? it low tariffs began to be instanced as accounting for Ht » Periods of prosperity or the reverse. But far more than the War of 1812 the Civil War feft its nvark on American tariff policy. To raise money for war expenses the Goverment of the Uniled States passed successive internal reve- _ me acts putting heavy taxes on incomes, on the gross receipts of railroads, steamship and express > ompanies, and on the production of many articles, t To compensate producers and manufacturers for \, these hedvy internal taxes, the protectionists, as the war progressed and {axes increased, put higher and BR tigher duties on all imported articles which were also man:factured in this country, As Chainman Mortill of the House Committee on Ways and the war tariff acts, put it: “1 we bleed manufacturers, we must see to it that the proper tonic is administered at the same time.” Ror twenty years following the Civil War this same strong tonic continued to be administered. Congress took off the war taxes, but it did not re- duce the tariff. The impression grew that a high pro- _ teciive tariff was an excellent permanent institution. Revulsions of feeling came later. The dose has Geen since diminished, increased and diminished ‘agrin. But-the fact remains that the famous war tatWff of 1964.became a dominant and determining _ bigs note fin Republican tariff policy. It formed a precedent toward’ which, despite subsequent tariff recuetions, Republican tariff policy has tended more or less to react. ‘Note abso that to the original idea of fostering 4nfant industries and keeping up the standards of * American labor the Civil War added to the tariff the compensatory notion. Besides fostering manufac- “tures, protection must also compensate manufac- ad Pfyrers for tax levies. 13), 2aThis earlier war theory of protection seems to nt a baye fbeen preserved imact in the Republican amber. her ‘compenswor y idea has readily lent itself in nag. hands to further striking amplifications. fem se Which brings us to the present question: “whe effects on the Nation's tariff policy are to expected from conditions growing out of the Gt War coupled with the unprecedented power Repiiblican Party? i, Weitave'tiad a partial and anything but reassuring a The), Foray Emergency’ Tariff Bill contained, i atone ther’ tfings, the most outrageous attempt to ‘RoMrpensate sugar interests for losses due not pri- “Snail to°war'but to their own miscalculations in en for speculative profit. Pog ey" bill pretended to increase national ths “whtereas its real effect would have been to 9 for consumers and insure profits for cer- Siof favored producers, with little accruing ovigientn? + Means, who is remembered as sponsor of most of | ij 4 * including iron, steel and leathér goods. " a5 te ; ‘THE EVENING WORLD, MONDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 1921." | good the losses of giants who have overreached themselves is a long dep. The Republican Party has made the strkle. Tie Fordney Tariff Bill’ was a trial balloon, 1 gol badly punctured and collapsed. The Republican Party is certain to send up bigger tariff balloons presently in the hope that they will stay afloat. Republican leaders have already given proof that their theory of reconstruction is to save ckasses that have special claims on the party from the discom- forts of coming down to lower prices and a peace basis. What is this but still higher extension of the com- pensatory klea? That the Republican Party will go on trying to bring the protective tariff principle to the aid of ils friends regardless of the effect upon the country in general is a foregone conclusion. That is why the tariff s again a great impending issue. That is why the bona fide claims of new protec- tion-needing industries like the dye industry, also the complicating influence of the post-war tariff policies of other mations, must be kept carefully disentangled from Republican post-war impulse to compensate every Interest and industry upon which it depends. for party power and prestige. That4s why the best vigilance and intelligence of an opposition party is needed to keep the Republi- cans from playing fast and loose with the tariff under the specious pretense of conrpensating the whole country for war losses. What we need fs a general frank acceptance and sharing of those losses, with a common determina- tion to make good by new effort. That is not the inherited Republican nofion of Protection, during or after war. HEADED FOR TROUBLE. N™. YORK’S most important rapid-transit con- tract is with the Interborough Rapid Transit Company. It is commonly known as Contract Number Three. Article XXXII. of this contract reads as follows: No correction or change tn this contract shall be made except by written instrument duly authorized by the Commission, ond ap- proved by the Board of Estimate and con sented to by the Lessee, and by the sureties upon its bond; but this provision shall not limit or affect the right to prescribe varia- tions whether of construction or location of route as provided in Articles VI. and VII Article LXHL, of the contract reads: ‘The Lesseo shall during the term of the contract be entitled to charge for a single fare upon the Railroad and the Pxisting Railroads the sum of five (5) cents bat no more, ‘These are the provisions of first interest to the subway rider at the present. + Gov. Miller in his transit message observed that the Dual Contracts “contained a clause requiring the approval of the Board (of Estimate) to any changes. However, | find no statutory warrant for that provision.” Gov. Miller is a good enough lawyer to know. that every contract contains many provisions for which there is no “statutory warrant,” but which are none the less binding. It is possible that the courts might eventually thnow ou! the clause requiring approval of changes ‘by the, Board of Estimate. But in the mean time any legislation which attempts to modify this con- tract without approval of the Boand of Estimate Is certain to be tied up with taxpayers’ suits, injunc- tions, actions by the city’s legal department and other obstructive efforts. How much better it would be for the Governor to avoid all this by working in harmony with the mumicipal authorities, Gov. Miller's present course is not a short cut to quick solution of the problem. With so clear a statement of the power of the Board of Estimate over changes In the contract, the Governor is nol getting through the tangle. He is headed straight for further tangling in gpurts. CONFISCATORY. ITING in the current issue of Commerce and Finanee, Mr. Richard Spillane makes the periinent point that the real difficulty of the railroad situation is the confiscatory character of the present freight rates. “It is a sure thing,” he remarks, “that charges on some commodities are so high today as to prevent their enyployment in fields where they would be used at lower prices. It costs more to-day to transport lumber from various Southern mill centres to Phila- delphia, Pittsburgh and Cincinnati than it cost not so many years ago to gather the timber in the forest, cut down the tree, move it to the mill, translate it into lumber and put it aboard car for shipment to Northern market.” This ts true of many items. It costs $3.40 to mul a ton of soft coal worth $3.60 less than 400 miles—almost the value of the fuel. A Maine friend of The Evening Worhi recenily expressed a calfskin to Bost charge for transportation was 3 cents more than the value of the hide! No wonder traffic falls off and business stagnates. The violated competitive principle is taking its customary revenge, ik Something Bigger Coming! «= 2 em aoa ‘York Bening Bs By John ohn Cassel to say much in @ few words, Take Tax the Mehtwads, ‘To the Biliter af The Evening Wortd Regurting Mr. Redding’s letter on taxing Hachelors, I ghould say no. |} But let the Government put a tax on | all men whose wives divorces them or rather are campelied to, cond?tions with thoir husbands being unbearable, ‘Also tax at men who desert their wives and those who never contritute to their wives’ support whether they ‘urbands pay the bills and band wife small change without an extra nickel ‘thrown in, Better a man be a bachelor a thou- sand times than like some of these modern types of husband. From such married cads—not men— the Government could collect enough to finanee wars for the century. Ged biess the bachelors. MARGARET KELLY. Brooklyn, N. ¥. The Penny Pushers, Tothe Mittor of The Evening Workt: Last Sunday afternoon d vistted one ot Brooklyn's largest vaudeville houses and ‘was surprised to find the “Penny Pusher" i evidence. During jan act (one of the best on the ill) one or more of these pests insisted wpon throwing pennies on the stage At the conclusion of the act the per- former rightly denounced those guilty ‘of such ignorance. An individual in one of the boxes was roughly handled attendants and ejected from tre. by th the ‘The manugers of vaudeville th should eavor to stop this nm Performers #houki be encoun applause, not insulted. PARK SLOPE. “The Keol Law." ‘To the Bilitor of Tho Mrening Work! : In your issue of Fab. 1, respondent, F, Hunt, complains of Prohibition as discriminatory against the poor man, and asks “Are there no man in the country big enovgh who are courageous enough tres nce by your ‘cor- to work for its repeal? If he will write to the Association Against th. Prohibition Amendment, Munsey Building, Washington, D. learn ‘how to join an o: men and women possi courage he admires. Not long ago ‘the writer asked a Wntted Stuates Marshal what he thought of Prohibition. “It’s a fool law,” he replied, “Any law is a fool law when {t cannot ibe enforced; no law can make a man stop drinking spirits any more than it can stop him drinking water, In a city in the South I sat through the trial of three defend- ants charged with operating an illicit still, The principal witness for the Government was the revenue offi- cer who caught the men actually at work, The testimony was at times thrilling, and most amusing. The Prosecute in a voice of thunder asked one of the very calm defend- ants “When this gentieman (the of- peimted & gun at need {t or not, . Alzo on those whose | What kind of a letter do you find most readable? Isn't it the ene that gives you the worth of a thousand words in a couple of hundred? There is fine mental exercise and a lot of satisfaction in trying time to be brief. | aid you do?” “I stopped,” answered | |the accused. “Did you have any| Mquor? asked the Prosecutor. ir,” waa the reply. ‘Where did you have it?" roared the Prosecutor. “In| |my pooket,” quietly answered the de- fondant, Turning to the Judge, the Prosecu- tor announced: “Your Honor, I have “Yes, *|nothing more to seay—that is my) | case.” + ‘The Judge —in a bored sort of way! | dutifully charged the jury, the jury dutifully filed out, turned’ around, filed In again, and the foreman an- nounced a verdict of “Not guilt So much for the respect in which |this “fool law” Is held—a law which we may repeal, {f we so desire. MARIE DORAN. | Righmond Hill, LL, Feb. 1, 1921. Man’ Divorce From Nature, To the Balitor of The Prening World: | Why are we yet spending billions of dollars and training millions of men for the work of destruction when all” the world is war-worn and weary | with the atrocities of tNe past? Is it not at the behest and demand of those who believe that might makes right? | Those who befleve In upholding by | the sword the injustice most respons\- | ble for all the wars of our so-called | civilization? Virtually millions of God's children, divorced from the goil to-day, ill, diseased and dying prematurely for | want of contact with the earth, which | is denied them by this “crooked and perverse generation,” crooked and | perverse just as they were In the the | of Christ, because now, as then, “the Son of Man hath not where to lay nis | head The but div sepavated from her who gave them | birth and denied a normal amount of | fresh air, sunshine and most of the | things that make life worth while, | ‘Leame that ye might have life, and more rth is our common mother, | two-thirds | of manity, yet no part of the eh lden in poverty, or wande rims and strang on the fi earth Man should live close to the eoil and diz in it every day of his li he would be normal, happy. All originality the soll, This divorceme from nature is what makes cities “wens on the face of otvilization,” which, as Max Nonlau has said, would soon become vast cemeteries of the dead were it not for the constant influx of the people from the country. This , eit of man from nature, ng men their birth. | right in the soil, ls back of most of the ills to which flesh is heir, We) have founded our thrones and altars age of the people can own the earth and all be well, The fallacy of such lone hand on the premises that a small percent. | enough for any one an assumption has been disproved by| matter and gave it the razz so that UNCOMMON SENSE By John Blake (Copyright, 1921, by John Blake) ENVY AND EMULATIONS. Benjamin Franklin, whose birthday was celebrated a few weeks ago, was a wide reader of biography and a close student of the men of his own time. He emulated every great man whom he read about or knew; he envied none of them. Franklin became one of the three greatest Americans because of his faculty of emulation. Studying the lives of great men, he felt that what they had done he also could do. He set himself to his work with the diligence which had brought success to others. But it was their achievements he had in mind, not the fame or the fortune that accompanied those achievements, Probably no other American ever worked so hard or so. conscientiously as did Franklin, The sum of the knowledge that he gained by self-education would be reckoned pro- digious even in this day when the science of disseminating knowledge is so much better understood. Franklin had the greatest respect and admiration for the important men of his time at home and abroad. He envied none of them. He eared little for honors or fame. The fact that some of his contemporaries had acquired great riches did not disturb him. To him wealth meant nothing but a greater opportunity to do good. We spoke of Franklin at the time of his birthday, and we shall speak of him again from time to time, for his life was one of the greatest lessons to the youth of the world. Poor, uneducated, with no friends of influence or im- portance, he determined very early in life to be a success. And he was a success, Obstacles that would have staggered almost anybody else he looked upon as trifling and set himself to conquer, He had abundant pride but no conceit. He was devoid of malice and of envy. Others could climb to any heights. He had only applause for them. But he was determined that he too could climb, and climb he did, to one of the foremost places in all American history, Read all you can find to read of Franklin's life. his own very interesting autobiography. his achievemen{s. You may not equal them. Few men will, But the story of what he did and how he did it will help any man to snecess and make brighter and pleasanter his whole life. Read Study the man and of The Ages By Svetozar Tonjort.. Comrie Wal We Nea oat VIL—CRASSUS, to give him hig full name—tirst Be- came prominent when, about the year 80 B. C., he defeated, crushed and view our off friend Spartacus, the senttoman whose apeech to the gind- sators is vaguely remembered by gem erations of American schoolboys, Cras was a rich man to begia with, His family had been rich for generations, ‘The Romans gave him the nickname of “Dives,” ‘tbe wealthy. But his thirst for gold wus insatiubte. He made money by buying and sell- img slaves and also by Uuying up for trifling amounts the real ewiate be- longing to proscribed Roman citizens, When he was elected Consul, aleng | with Pompey, Marcus Licinius saw his chance to get much richer ¢ban he was, and to do it much quicker than he bad been doing it up to that time. So he elected as ‘his part of the businese of governing the Roman do- main, the rich region of Syria. Now Syria was a treasure house in jtself, but it was also the road to India, A couple of centuries before Crussus was bora, @ great Macedonian adven- turer had made a dash for the trea- sure house of India but had faited because some of his soldiers turned pacifist in the hour of supreme vic- tory. Craseue made up bis mind to put over the Get-Rich-Quick scheme that had baffied Alexander of Macedon Everything wem well for a time. Parthir, at the gateway to the trens- ure house of the world, at first sub- mitted ¢o the shadow of the Roman eagles. There remained only one ob- manle to be removed. That obetacte was & Parthian army between the Tigris and the Huphrates where some fandscape engineers locate the | Garden of Eden. And the Parthians, as is well known, had fwmous in- stitution known as the “Parthian shot” —that is, a way of coming buck when it was only reasonable to assume that they bud dyne their worst and had run eway for good. Tt was the Chieftain Surenas who jet fly the Parthian shot at Marcus | Gween the Tigris and the Buphra When the fina! battle | Surenng held Yhe severed head | Crassus in his hands, He’ sent the head of the Roman Consul to his royal master, Orodus | Of Oredas we know little. But he ap- pears to have been a gentleman with & marked propensity Mr practical joking. | It was the sprightly humor of | Orodas that furnished to the world one of its ghastliest jokes. When he beheld the head of Mar cus Licinive Crassus, the King of the Parthians bethought him of the | thirst for gold that had driven the | Roman Consul to the Parthian coun- \try. So, wishing to hamor his con- ‘quered enemy's “ruling — passion strong in death,” as the Baroness Orezy would put it, he ordered his servants to reduce a pot of gold to a liquid etate, This motten gokl he poured into the mouth of the Roman Get-Rich- Quicker with the hospitable observa tort: “You have been thirsty for gold all_your tfe, (Drink your @il of | now.” ‘ASL of whith goes to shaw that | Get-IRtch-Quickers should remember | that there is such a thing as a “Par- thian shot”—that is to say, an elev- enth-hour come-back by the pros- pective victims of their Get-Rich- | Quick operations, } —— KAISER BILL'S BILL. |The Biggest Bilt of yesterday Now becomes but a Dill to. pay! | Such a reckoning ne’er before | Was ever laid at human door! | Where once we counted @edts nm millions, |The smatlest | vittions— Billions of drops of heman binod | That dripped away in a dopthicss flood. foures mow are | | Hach counts in cost @ coin of the realm, 4 total enough to overwhelm | The wealth dnd life of the German nation | For more than another generation’ This the dill which Kaiser Bill Owes to a world he sought to Rélt: One hundred ditlions for ruin and rack | And a hundred more to pay if back, Ten million souls of the numbered dead, | Ten millions more to live in dread | of hunger and hate and endless fears That reach on forever through the years. DON C. SEITZ. and dire poverty on the lother, for which all the charities and jatives under the sun can never juuke atonement. Man's divorce from nature spelled | “Paradise Lost.’ Man's restoration to nature will spell “Paradise Reguined © Inwood, L. L, By Alpert P. Southwick (eas Rt T. PRICK. Feb, 4, 1921, Ouce Too Often, | 1 the Raitue of The Brening World Margaret Russel is right about vhe Interberough Rapid Transit question and Cassel's cartoons explain it to understand | how very neces#ary it lé to raise fares. It is about time the public took this | livery at Morris Park. Pee Paty RaRASe | In 1838 Lewis G. Morris; a member of that family which have always championed the people's rights, de- vised an original plan, first in build- ing dock half a mile north of High Bridge, and then chartered the Non- parei! to carry @ load of coal for de~ When thus loaded, wt full tide, and | aid of about 100 men who appeared om a number of smal! boats, tore out a part of the dam and thus forced a passare, . ‘The Renwicks instituted a sult st Morris, but a decision was red against the plaintiffs, Supreme Court, later the Court ‘ors, upheld the original de- 1, Chancellor Walworth saying, in “part; "The Harlem River ts an armof the sea anda public navigable river, It was a public nuisance to obstruct the navigation thereof with- out authority of law.” From that time a drawbridge was always maintained in the dam, which was, in turn, replaced, in 1861, by 4 swinging draw which ‘became known as the * Second Macomb Dam remained N the blood-st th bic be damned”. spirit be Bridge’ and in service faa Are nlguiions bisteiGution ot Speed, the vessel reached the Macomb Dam, j until (1895, when . ar hind Ma¢omp wealth as @ result of these premises| The hat Js being passed around ence) Morris demanded that the passage be| Dam,’ or grey ridge,” a steel stven us ewollen fortunes om the ‘ima too woe ofa BM, ‘epened, and when refused, with the: eo, took tte Oy b ee Craseus—Marcue Licinjus Craswaw, . ee =