The evening world. Newspaper, December 17, 1919, Page 26

SL ANGUS SHAW? Tregrurer net rear sosara PUUIT ZEN, Jr é WAS a foregone conclusion that the expert report _ & on the financial status of the city’s transit lines filed by Judge Mayer in the Federal District Court would only remedy. “Accepting the transit situation as it stands, with all fis inherited burdens and complications, it is easy to __ show that nothing but heavier losses and deficits can | be expected in coming years. i {The Stone and Webster report draws up for 1922 a | fismal balance sheet on which the subway is down for | — & deficit of $13,597,000 and the elevated $7,990,000, making a total of $21,587,000. This, of course, if the five-cent fare continues, Be Even an eight-cent fare will not, prior to 1922, Provide any substantial surplus over the com- Dany preferentials, and even in 1922 such a fare will provide little more than half the city preferential. is Suppose, instead of palliatives, a strong hand were t use the knife. Suppose a resolute attempt were made at last to cut away some of the exorbitant rentals amd fixed charges that have drained away the actual earning power of certain lines. Suppose there were an ‘@ad to making good the deficits of one system out of the profits of another. : - Kt might be painful. But wouldn’t it be better than » ‘trying to cover consequences of past recklessness by taking more and more pennies out of poor folks’ pockets? * MR. WOOD'S ALTERNATIVE. 4 a ILLIAM M. WOOD'S plan to set up a com- pany store to supply commodities at cost to the employees of the American Woolen Company Bees much further than a mere threat against the re- _ fallers of. Lawrence. On a smaller scale it reproduces ; en the most serious and {east settled of our na- __ tional problems. ___~ Buying in large quantities and selling at cost, Mr. od u ly could drive many retailers to the Ohce this is accomplished, what is to prevent Wood from reconsidering, raising prices and in making unreasonable profits until competition again spring up? - Here is the national trust problem in miniature. ‘été até the questions of fair and unfair competition erestraint of trade. Here is a parallel to the case “ef the meat packers. As a nation we do not know "Just how far it is safe to permit the manifest economies of large scale commercial enterprises because of the da that might result if mere size and power should be misused. 55 On the other hand, experience indicates that great | fetal institutions have not, and probably cannot, com- “pete with the small specialized shop that sells person- ~ ality and specialized knowledge of merchandise. Some of the most spectacular failures of commercial history *¢ ¢ been great department stores that became too * completely impersonal, In America, at least, the huy- * ing public demands service even at the expense of y. Retailing is a highly specialized profession. fe. Woo may discover that his employees will not take full advantage of the opportunity he may offer. +. If conditions in Lawrence are as serious as Mr. Wood charges, he has another possible remedy less ~ gubject to criticism than his present course. If the re- ~ tallers are gouging, Mr. Wood might find it a most op- J time to foster a co-operative movement among yyees. Liberal aid in organizing and financing to be run by and for the Lawrence workers would meet conditions and prevent local profiteering. ~ Then there could be no suspicion of selfishness, ob- _ Jeetionable paternalism or unfair tactics. be Rochdale, a woolen centre of England, is the birth- of the great English co-operative movement. a similar American centre, might make a valuable experiment with the help of Mr. Wood. i a A QUEER ONE, \BSIGNATING Joseph M. Proskauer to serve as counsel to the Extraordinary Grand Jury that buld have none of George Gordon Battle, Gov. © Smith permitted himself at the same time a pertinent _ ‘and pointed reminder: “Grang Juries, as well as public officials, lose |" much of their power for good when they have mot full public confidence.” The present Grand Jury’s only answer turns out 4 be @ prompt presentation of reasons why Mr. Pros- : may not do. If he is to serve technically as an tant to District Attorney Swann, able and excellent wyer as he is, Mr, Proskauer will be in the bad sof Foreman Almirall and his fellow jurors. ¢ may be something the matter with every the State. There may be something the mat- Presciibe higher fares and new transfer charges as. the | ‘THE EVENING WORLD, WEDNI REMAINS THE EXECUTIVE. Y ITS own specific provision the Wartime Prohi- bition Act was to continue in effect : until the conclusion of the present war and thereafter unti: the termination of demobiliza- ton, the date of which shall be determined and Proclaimed by the Presidont of the United Btates. The decision of the Supreme Court upholding the Wartime Prohibition Law dwelis on the point that, while Congress expected the formal conclusion of the war to precede the termination of demobilization, at | the same time and irrespective of the actual formali- fies and date of the war’s conclusion, it evinced “a clear purpose that the date of expiration (of Wartime Pro- hibition) should be definitely fixed.” “Congress therefore provided that the time when the act ceased to be operative should be fixed by the President's ascertaining and pro- claiming the date when demobilization had terminated. © * © “Only by such proclamation could the pur- pose of Congress be attained, and the serious consequences attending uncertainty be ob- viated.” Despite its discussion of the recent status of de- mobilization, the Supreme Court seems clearly to im- ply that it has been in the President’s power to end Wartime Prohibition by proclaiming demobilization complete when he believed it, in the meaning of the Wartime Prohibition Act, to be so. The President’s view of the progress of demobiliza- tion in its relation to the professed purposes of the Wartime Prohibition Act has beeri clear and consistent, Last May a Presidential message advised Congress that demobilization “‘has ‘progressed to such a point that it seems entirely safe to remove the ban upon the manu- facture and sale of wines and beers.” In October the President vetoed the Volstead Enforcement Bill be- cause he deemed it enforcement of a law that ought to have been itself long since, wholly or in part, repealed. Wartime Prohibition is not in the same class with other wartime measures like Government control of railroads or of food and fuel supplies, operation of which has been extended, The latter are at least aimed to meet recognized economic needs in a period of post-war readjustment. Wartime Prohibition meets no need but the need of a fanatical minority to impose its will upon the country, if it can, until the Eighteenth Amendment becomes effective and the tyranny is a part of the Constitution itself. So far from serving economic need, Wartime Pro- hibition threatens Americans and their Government with losses totalling more than $1,300,000,000. ‘ Congress can claim no “purpose” left in Wartime Prohibition but a purpose of deliberate dishonesty and destruction. To defeat that purpose the President is warranted 1 Here’s How! in making the most of every point in the Supreme Court decision which would seem to support him in the prompt use of his own power and initiative. The legislative power of the Federal Government has failed and worse thah failed, The judicial power can only interpret. The country looks to the Executive. SUGAR AND EGGS. UPPLY and demand occasionally work out in queer and unexpected fashion in the world of trade. An’ unusual instance was reported yesterday in The Evening World. Housewives have been unable to buy sufficient sugar to indulge in the making of fancy cakes, “Eggs are an important ingredient in these cakes. Cons¢- quently a shortage of sugar prevents the use of eggs in cake-making and causes an unexpected surplus of eggs and a 7-cent drop in the wholesate price over the weekend. At any rate, this is the explanation the deal- ers offer. The epicure who misses his favorite cake at din- ner may reflect on the eternal balance. Perhaps the good wife may find that the family budget will now cover an occasional breakfast egg. MAYOR HYLAN ON GUARD. 66 HY is a cat?” asked Mayor Hylan in a letter which has started the ponderous legal ma- shinery necessary to arrive at the answer. Board for one Department of Education cat ‘at $6.50 for the summer engages the Mayor's attention. Such a mo- mentous question must be a real relief from petty trifles such aS the Day-O’Malley controversy and the daily jitney bus wreck. Even so, the Mayor seems to have overlooked the full import of the problem. His questions are super- ficial, He fails to realize what a really remarkable cat this may be. He specifies that the maintenance charge in question is for July, August and September. He asks whether the cat is provided for in the 1920 budget. But what of the cat in May and June, in October and November? Is this a peculiar animal that fasts the rest of the year? Is it a grafter at the school lunch counters when school is in session? Do rats, the cus- tomary provender of cats, desert the school buildings in summer? Evidently the Mayor has started something, With his hand to the plough he must not turn back, even though there be an opportunity to municipalize the Sugar Hoarding. New York, Dec. 12 191% ‘To the Editor of The Evening World: ‘The usual] headline of to-day reads: “Sugar Famine to Send Sugar Price Soaring to 25 Cents a Pound.” Un- doubtedly there will be plenty of sugar when this price prevails. Is there really a sugar shortage, or is it @ preparatory scheme of profiteer- ing, camouflaged with a cloak of ap- Parent famine? I believe it is the latter, investigate? During the near-past food hoarding charges the City Administration em- ployed the “fire-preventioh men” to reveal just how much shortage there was, If nothing more, their reports informed the general public of the true role played by those interested in the manufacture and sale of food- stuffs, These men should again be put on the job, Sugar is being hoarded and kept for a high market. Sugar refineries are working full Dlast, but only fill contract orders. These orders constitute but a small part of the output of refined sugar; the greater part is hoarded in the warehouses, awaiting the 25-cents- per-pound market price. When we arrive at this price—for it is only a matter of time—there will undoubt- edly be plenty of sugar, for there will be no further sense in hoarding it, Why not ‘Too Basy to Watch. To the Editor of The Kventhg World Your cartoonist, Bir, Cassel, had a wonderfully fine and expressive car- toon tn Monday’s paper, but as is natural the cartoonist is limited in Cassel FROM EVENING WORLD READERS the scope of his: work where the writer is not. Mr. Cassel showed the bearded Bolshevik holding an Amer- ican flag from which the white and blue had been torn away, It is strik- ing because it is true. But it is only half the truth. May I suggest that Mr, Cassel draw a cou- panion cartoon showing the recent American Federation of Labor Com- mittee meeting working on a Red flag covering it with strips of white and a blue held with stars? That would be truer still because it is what is hap- pening to-day and is going to keep on happening until the bearded Bol- shevik will smile instead of grinning when he sees that flag. Trust the majority of American laboring men to do the right thing when they get waked up to see the need of it. The only reason the Reds have had so much to say lately was that they got into positions of authority while the regular fellows were too busy win- ning the war to keep watch. . KC New York, Dec, 11. ‘To the Kditor of The Evening World: In reading your paper, I find I am not the only crank in the world, I go to France to be wounded three times for the land of the free and brave, and come back to find we are deprived of our glass of beer and that my old job is held by a slacker, after I worked eleven years for the same man. If Uncle. Sam calls again he will find me with Mother Carey’s chickens, BULLET- PROOF, “(Live Your or terminate the incomplete cycle. Go to sleep when you are sleepy and get up When nature awakens you, whgn recuperation is complete. Get the kind of work for which you are fitted and which ts agreeable, A disagreeable vocation causes dissatisfaction, mental de- pression and inactivity and these sre sunger, the whole Code of Criminal Procedure. Bur much more to the view tha: traction systems. Search out that $6.50 cat, though the budget total mounts by millions, Unless the Mayor is the Rockefeller interests are apt to /spirit acat as a subject for their devilish debilitating factors upon the mental and physical organism. “Recreation should be the antithesis of the work which requires it.” Mental labor re- uires physical recreation—exerc'se, Ph: labor requires mental reere- | Prolong Your Life. Dr. George L Meylan of Columpia University recently stated that most men of to-day are living on a plane of 40 or 50 per cent. physical efficiency. Dr, Royal 8. Copeland, Health Commissioner of New York, asserted prac- tically the same thing, The Evening World submitted their statements to a number of leading physicians of the country and asked their views us to rules of health and living essential to promoting longevity. By I. L. Nascher, M. D. Copyright, 1919, by, The Press Publjshing Co. (The New York Evening World.) Own Life.” HE normal duratiow eg ffe is about ninety years, divided into three a equal periods, development, maturity and decline. Longevity, i, ¢., the completion of the cycle, depends upon the avoidance of those things which would hasten one or more of these periods Most persons live too fast, they do excessive work, get insufficient sleep, take improper recreations and, con- sequently, they wear out rapidly or break down suddenly. If I were pinned down to a single rule for promoting longevity I would say: “Break away from the thraldom of the clock.” are hungry, whether it is meal-time or not, and eat only enough to satisfy Eat when you greater exposure with consequent hardening of the system, more uc- tivity and a more natural mode of living. Wear out, don't rust out, John Shell, the aged Kentucky mountai.eer, ‘and other centenarians whom I have examined, had no fixed rules for right living; ‘some had no fixed habits, They lived naturally and unconventionally, curbed appe- Utes and passions that might have led them to excesses, their bodies were hardened by exposure and pri- ad their minds were not fear of the rest of the population can ever unde. trying one of them by court martial for bullying Ame prisoners in France, he deserves to be put where he will have nothing but a rock- pile to bully for the next ten or fifteen years. temper. ) perament that makes him a bully, a hot-tempered man try to bully a wildcat. encounters of this kind we have beheld, the wildcat did the bullying and the bully kept his temper. trusted with authority. coward is not fit to command men, to keep his temper. see red and to strike blindly back. without losing his temper he has learned one of life's most valuable lessons. ’ a man of your own size, a man who can answer back without endangering his job. has a mind anda soul, second unless he learns to control his temper. : UNCOMMON SENSE By John Blake Copyright 1919, NOBODY EVER BULLIES A WILDCAT. Quick- tempered men do more harm in the world than Just now the 8 true If half the evidence against him It is easy for a man to sa It is easy for the bul y that he cannot control his y to fancy that it is his, tem- But the quickest-tempered man can excercise splendid self-control when the man who offended him happens to be five inches taller and eighty pounds heavier. We who were young are now old, yet we have never seen In one or two The impatient, domineering man should never be en- For he is at heart a coward, and a Now and then great leaders have given way to wrath, but they have always had the grace to be ashamed of themselves immediately afterward. Boxing is an excellent exerci His first in e, because it teaches a boy tinct when he is hurt is to When he can get hurt Beware of becoming a bully, If you like fighting, pick If you desire to argue, argue with The cruel man who exercises his temper merely to show his authority accomplishes little. Often great men are stern, but always they are just. There is enough brutality among the lower animals, Man But he will ruin the first and lose the Where to Find ‘Your Vocation By Max Watson Vocational Adviser Re-employment Below is given an article of The: Evening World's Series of Aw alytical Descriptions of Vocations Suitable to Young Men entering trades and business. Study these carefully, weigh your qualifica- and find the work for tions, jee ich you are best adapted, Compositor. 1. Opportunities for Entering the Trade. All the printing trades are quite well unionized. In the book and shop offices, an apprentice may be em- ployed in the ratio of one to every eight men, or a majority production thereof. Each union office is al- Jowed at least one apprentice. A boy entering at the age of sixteen usually spends the first year as & general office boy, or a helper, and gradually is given work which famil- jarizes him with the type case, such as the redistribution of type. During the second year, at least 60 per cent. ot the time is spont in distribution and straight composition. The diffi- culty of the work is increased until the last year, when the entire time is spent in floor work. The apprentice period of five years, and the age of entrance between 16 and 21. Boys who have nearly finished their ap- prenticeship are known as two- thirders, and receive two-thirds of the wage of a journeyman. In the larger shops, there is danger of specialization, and it is sometimes difficult to get a general training. A thorough knowledge of the trade is often best secured in a non-union job, but this makes it difficult to enter the union later on. The de- mand for apprentices is fairly steady, although the inducements are not so attractive to a boy as in some of the trades involving heavier work. 2 Schooling Required, For a boy to become a first class compositor he must have a good knowledge of grammar, spelling, punctuation and English, At least a common school education is neses- sary-and any other study is a very material advantage. 3. Salary. The entrance salary of an appren- tice is from 315 to $18 per week. The standard pay for a journeyman under the present scale is from $40 to $50 per week. 4. Type of Boy Best Suited for the Trade. The work of a compositor is con- fining and demands a quick-moving boy, who is satisfied to work indoors. The large, active boy will not stand the confinement. (Good eyesight is required, 5, Description of Duties. (a) The Apprentice—The first duty of the apprentice is to familiarize himself with the names of material used around the printing office. His first work with the type is in re- distribution and his first composi- tion work js in resetting work for the duplication of letterheads, &c. He ‘is gradually given a certain amount of new work to do, (B) The Journeyman, The work of a compositor consists in setting up, by hand, ads, and straight copy; the makeup of ma- chine composition, and other general composing work, } 6. Qalifications Journeyman, Other than a good general educa- tion and a knowledge of spelling, grammar, and punctuation, he must be familiar with the various styles of type used in composition. He must be able to set up new work from a rough draft, and estimate the style and size of type for the space avail- able. 7. Remarks: Most printers who own printing shops have come up through the trade, and this opportunity is always open as the ultimate gim of.an ap- prentice. There are a large number of public schools in New York where training can be secured, besid emi = public trade schools where the print- ing trade is taught at a very nominal cost. This is a trade in which edu- cational training is very important. It is necessary for a bigh class com- positor to familiarize himself with current facts, so that he can detect errors and be more familiar with his subject matter. Necessary for a ine A THE EDITOR'S GOOD WAGES, (From the Kanmas Editor.) “Business is good,” writes Nate E. Reece, who two years ago trans- planted himself from the Weekly Courier at Stafford to the Daliy Tribune at Pratt and seems tp be thriving in the new atmosphere. “But the most profitable piece of business is a side line pursued during the sum- mer,” he says, “Evenings and—er, The child fed improperly, the United States Department handicap, dernourished children in the better homes is large, just as it is in the and be in greater abundance, but it is quite as apt to be unsuitable for a growing child. Wapella perous community where comfortable homes are the rule and not the excep- the home demonstration agent, wi the aid of ten yolunteers, weigh measured 2,189 children in Malnutrition in Prosperous Homes. county. below weight. of Agriculture | ¥ mentally and physically, milk daily for three month. _|is given in the morning e338 and Surprising as it may seem, statls- | oi the afternoon. tics show that the proportion of un-/ At the other school a lunch Is clase selected. some food, County, Ia, is a pros-| pound gain. One nine-year old bo eight pounds; old, boy, seventeen pounds Recently the county nurse Of the ghildren examined 407 Out of a group of were started in Ottumwa schools. In One cup served at 10.15 each morning to the It consists ‘of a large are very eager for this plain, whole- ‘The records of gain are interesting. Every child has made at least a two- six pounds under weight, has gained and one eleven-year- under and| weight and in extremely poor paysi- 1t¥Y ca) condition, has gained nine pounds, a ue general health is much im- holidays—I have been excavating for a smal! addition to my basement, and after throwing out the dirt the space was walled with odd lots of concrete blocks and miscellaneous glugs left by the builders, ,|187 children in rural districts who| ‘The excavation work saved me 30 points out, is not getting square) a. Veiened, measued and inspected,}cents an hour as common labor, deal in thie world, however much else | Oniy five were found to be normal which was good money for an editor, may be done for him by ‘his parents.) ‘To illustrate what proper diet will] but the laying of the wall was a veri From start to finish he is under a|do for @ child, two nutrition classes|table gold mine. At current pri for stone masons, $9 a day was one were eight children, each from|on the work of a journeyman, and as when in competition with those who] Aye to fourteen pounds anderweleiie } was my own foreman on the work have been given the right kind of|'They are being given one pint of|1 was also saving $10 additional as & foreman’s wages. This made a total of $19 a day. As the work was all done on overtime, which is double price, this made the saving $38 a day, which is sufficient to make John D, look like a piker, 1 dish of well-cooked oatmeal, with| “And then, if there is any truth in homes of smaller incomes, The food) ugar and whole milk, a glass of milk|the maxim that a penny saved is served in the former may cost more | and graham crackers. The chi!@yen| worth two earned, why not again multiply the total by two?” ” LEFT THE PAGE BLANK, | After @ continuous session of ex- actly six months, the first session of the sixty-aixth Congress adjourned without enacting any beneficial health legislation; nor was any leg- islation detrimental to public health 1 enacted. — Journal of the VDOT 2 | CeO