The evening world. Newspaper, October 4, 1919, Page 14

nm ! ences” The Up-to-Date by Publi a Published Daily Except OT i.e ie Company, Noa 68 to President, $3 Park Row, arsiit patie JOSEPH rer, Row, AW, PULITZER,’ Jr., Secretary, 63 Park Row. MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATED PRESS, walt d ‘or not BUT SPEED UP ‘entitled to the nse for republication Posed 15° this paper undcleo We local ‘wows eeccececevcescesss NO, 21,228 THE PROCESS. AYS Senator Hitchcock of the Senate votes which defeated the Fall amendments to the Peace Treaty: “The votes indicate that the Senate will not vote for anything that requires resubmission to the Peace Conference. Tt means the defeat of ali amendments proposed and reserva- tions that amount to amendments,” Says Senator Lodge: “This action of the Senate proves conclusively that the treaty must be written as the opposition wants it or it can't ‘be ratified.” Not so irreconcilable, maybe. If the country will only have the delicacy and forbearance not to notice too much who is taking the long step in the reconciliation, i we may yet have the Republican Senator from Massachusetts voting } to ratify a peace treaty which will not have to go back to the Peace ' Conference but which will nevertheless be accompanied with enough harmless interpretations to give Senator Lodge and his followers a chance to. swell out their Republican chests and {saved the Nation!” “See how we H Senator Hitchcock tactfully moves toward them an inch or 80 _by his implied admission that there amount to amendments. may be reservations that do NOT More and more it seems to the country at large to have become a comparatively simple problem of letting or even helping the Repub- ‘Yiean opposition manoeuvre itself back from an untenable extreme where it has been growing more and more painfully apprehensive of the responsibilities it might have to face. Every patriotic, level-headed Republican interested in the ma- fe yh --set | EDITORIAL PAGE | ‘ : v\ SATURDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1919) ) NGCOCVAN HS j : . Business Employer Three Phases of Personnel Work Are Now Recogs: nized in the Present Day Modern Industrial’ Organization—Employment, Training, Morale. By Prof. Edward K. Strong. (Prof. Strong, who ts in charge of Vocational Education at the Care negie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Prof. John B, Cosa, in charge of the Personnel Management Courses of the Columbia Unt versity, New York, and Prof. R. M. Maclver of the Oniversity of Toronto, Canada, gave a series of lectures in employment management last month to Canadian employment managers under the direction off the University of Toronto, At the request of The Evening World Profs. Strong and Coss prepared a condensation of their lectures for thia These articles should prove equally valuabdi ployers of labor and the workingmen, Prof. Cos Sept. 80. Prof, Strong's first article appeared Oct. 2.) paper. Copyright, 1 T in industry of all this, Social, ethicel, political, economic, legal and religious considerations must all be taken into account. But underlying most of these are psycho= logical principles dealing with how man behaves under given circumstances, Paychologists cannot now answer all the problems before us, for the science is of recent development. But to many of these problems they can con~ tribute facts and principles of real worth. Three Phases of Personnel Work. 9, by the Press Publishing Co, (The New York Evening World.) HB most recent development in employment work within industrial and commercial concerns is the establishment of a personnel manager on a par with the managers, or vice presidents, in charge of finance, production and distribution. The removal of personnel work from the pro- duction department to a department of its own is a recognition that the basic principles of personnel are social, not physical. must now meet the test, not of high production at low cost as measured im terms of hours, but of efficient production measured in terms of years, Present methods will be studied and evaluated both in terms of production and in terms of the genuine welfare and development of the employees. During the last hundred years we have been primarily interested in the constitution of matter and the utilization of physical laws. ing way we are now entering upon an era in which we shall be most inter« ested in the constitution of man's mentality and the utilization of psycho< logical laws for the proper organization of social relations. The separation of personnel and production problems marks the first clear cut recognition / to American em article appeared | wntaleidalared ol EfMfcient production In @ correspond- developed a number of principles as | yar Papua ‘Three phases of personnel work are now recognized—employment, train- ing and morale. Each of these pri- marily involves different psychologi- to how men differ, Space here does Not permit of a discussion of this sub- ject except to state that it is abso: noeuvring will derive no little comfort from the news that William H. ‘Taft and his sturdy brand of Republicanism are among the latest arrivals in Washington. _—-+-— After all, what can the country expect of a Congress that, by failing to appropriate more than $400,000 of the $4,600,000 needed, forces the shutting down of the United States Employ- ment Service at the height of its usefulness unless private aid comes.to the rescue? — DOORS CLOSED TO THE PUBLIC? ye HERE eeems to be marked inconsistency in the attitude and policy of the bituminous coal miners of the Central Com- petitive District who have been in conference at Buffalo with “the coal operators over the threatened strike of 400,000 miners Nov. 1. Deciding to recess and reconvene at Philadelphia Oct. 9, opera- tors’ and miners’ representatives issue a joint statement which says: “The representatives of both operators and miners are conscious of their responsibilities to the industry and to the public, and feel that such recess will be advantageous to all concerned.’ “Conscious of their responsibilities to the public.” et the miners’ representatives are strenuously objecting to a conference at Washington, opposing Federal intervention and mainy teining that the issues at stake lie wholly between the operators and The Good Sense of a Seamstress Copyright, 1919, by The Press Publishing Co, (The New Ycrk Evening World.) It Is Good Beyond Measure to Do for Somebody | By Sophie Irene Loeb | "M asking you again, By Roy L. Copyright, 1919, by The Press Publish | The Jarr Family McCardell ng Co, (The New York Evening World.) Hats and Husbands Are Two Things Much on the Feminine Mind because paid for the hat with the tassel I cal principles. The employment de- partment is interested in individual differences, for if employees were all alike there would be no employment problem. must operate in terms of how man learns the learning process. The morale department must understand not 80 much the inte! lectual faculties and how ha are developed as the emotional unmanageable because of in lectual factors, but rather becau! his surroundings do not permit of the natural development of his instinctively emotional attitudes. The |. W. W., for example, has appeared because the environ- ment of certain workmen was ut- terly out of harmony with man’ normal life. Bolshevism is also symptom of an abnormal cond tion. Men who espouse thei views cannot be converted to a different viewpoint by force, any more than an insane person or a typhoid patient can be cured in that wa’ Classification of Men, Although from the earliest dawn of ‘The training department lutely clear that differences in the in. téllectual realm are enormous. Men vary trom idiots to geniuses. But the vast majority are neither at one ex- treme ‘dor the other, The average in the army was equivalent to a normal fourteen. or fifteen-year-old ema found im our present school system, As this field of psychology is de veloped and extended employment men will be furnished with more and more and better and better “meamur~ ing sticks” to use in sorting out employees into the jobs for which they are best fitted. Records of Work, The training department must be familiar with the above aspects of psychology, but it is primarily inter- ested in those other phases which have to do with the formation of habits—the learning process, A most admirable application of modern principies to the problem of produc- tion and morale is related by R, B. Wolfe in “The Creative Workmen,” published by the Technical Associa- tion of the Pulp and Paper Industry. Workmen were suppiled day by day with plotted records of the quality of their work, The workmen became most interested in what they were civilization all have been aware that/ doing, steadily improved their work Who Has Been Doing for Others re their employees. | | FEW 4 hi Notts i i kitted | I'm tired of talking about|/ wore when I met you downtown! men differed, that they could be and made many valuable contribu- jays ago, & woman who either is her work an uns! le ” Pe $00 t * | strikes, high rents and no| yesterday? classified as ‘tall and short, heavy| tions. The whole atmosphere of the It used to be the employer who refused impartial inquiry, snapped had, by her own effort ag a) one. She must use her brains to di-| houses, the impossible prices of| “I was afraid to think,” said Mr.|anq iight, healthy and sickly, cheer-| plant was changed, due to the skil- ‘his fingers at arbitration and damned the public. seamstress, accumulated sev- | rect her hands, and the more she does! Now it is labor that tries to keep the public and the public’s rep- resentatives out of the conference room. In this case the coal miners will have hard work convincing the public that it has no interest in the winter's bituminous coal output as affected by the possible walkout of 400,000 workers in the mines, ‘Who said New York oouldn't cotton to a King—when he's . the right kind? » IN JUSTICE i charge that last spring wa: lieutenant could become a te TO THOSE WHO DON’T CHEAT. HE city should lose no time in getting to the bottom of the were provided by which a police captain through fraudulent tam- ‘poring with the examination papers upon which promotion depended. In any career where getting ahead depends upon competitive teste there can be nothing more unjust or discouraging to the real worker than the easy success of the slacker who climbs by myste- rious aid. The quickest way to lower the morale of a police force is to let it get the impression that honest effort counts less than cheating or politics in going up the ladder. There are too many fine men in the New York police force who work honestly and hard for advancement on their just merits to leave) room for police captains who owe their rank to juggled examination| papers. _—_—-+-—_____ “I do not ask for cannon ‘William Carlos Williams in tho We quite agree with him. in & poem, but I do ask for more than a drugged swig of loveliness,” ferociously ejaculates Little Review, System of Radio Fog Signaling co-operation wits the Bureau of Lighthouses, experiments are be- ing carried on by the Bureau of Standards to establish a radio fog pignaling system, Such a system, ‘when perfected, will give to the navi- gator a reliable signal under any tions of fog and make him in- mt of the Lghthouse lamp. Principal object to be sought is sending out of a radio signal leally from a lighthouse and reception of this mal upon a by 4 very simple radio direction & mumber of important light- houses on the Atlantic coast are equipped with this system, the safety vigation w! = of Bevin be greatly ad. experiments, radio transmitti \ paratus is being placed at “thro the radio receiving apparati direction finder Installed on ry! house tender, ui In connection with these lighthouses in Chesapeake Nee aat a te Three lighthouses are » 80 as to give comparative in- formation on different types of mod- ern transmitting equipment and to determine which ts the best suited for this work. The apparatus is of special types developed by the bureau as «! eral hundred thousand dollars, left the money to struggling sisters at large who are engaged in the same service. She began at the very bottom of the ladder and by close applica- tion to her work and by her facul- ty for pleasing, she built up a 4 clientele that OS brought her the Pornin are one fortune. ‘This will seems to strike a fine note in the scheme of things, This woman evidently summed up the situation something like this: “Although I am now on Easy Street, I bave not forgotten the road of Hard Knocks. I know what it means to toil day in and day out and not get very far. “This is a business where some must work for the poor and others for the rich, for all need clothes, Some of my co-workers therefore are not able to store by like I have, “Why should I not then regard my- self as my sister's keeper and look to her crying needs in those declining years when she has not the where- withal to give her the common com- forts despite the many years of labor? “So I will build for her a home to which she may go and where she will realize she is welcome because it comes from one of her own kind.” This woman must have died bappy in the feeling that sho had done something, She did not leave her money to relatives who did not need it and whom she hardly knew. Sbe had not forgotten the pain of the poor worker and has done her mite to ward off ghe pinch of poverty from the bent shoulders of her sister scamstresses, What thing could be more com- mendable than this? Of all the great serviees rendered to humanity it is the seamstress who, as a general Proposition, is one of the real toilers, The thousands of stitches that she has made with her two hands so that result of some of its researches Bs others may enjoy can never be esti- radio problems during the war, 80, the more skillful she becomes. I have often thought that of all the vocations that represented real down- right hard work that of the seam-| stress seemed to me very much in the foreground. The thought and the effort and the energy that she puts into her sewing ig rarely one \ .t she can throw off at a given time, Many hours of over- time are spent in planning and think- ing over the work before she actually does it. There are so many ways and means that she must consider in sew- ing and fitting and pleasing that she holds a place in the home that is truly indispensable. ‘The seamstress is usually the pa- tient soul, She must be by the very nature'of her work. Small wonder that her gray hairs and wrinkles come too soon in her efforts to please and to make no mistakes, And yet, I know several who love their work and would not be anything aise in the world. Instead of mere work, they make it workmanship. My own little seamstress for many, many years, has made and remade hundreds, no thousands, of pieces of wearing ap- Parel, She is now a grandmother. And only the other day with the en- thusiasm of a young girl she went at the making of a new style gown and was as happy as the wearer when it was finished, She said; “Mhank God I have my two hands and my eyes, I don't know what I would do if sewing were taken away from me. I love my work and it not only gives me pleas- ure, Sut that somebody is happier for something that I have made te worth while, evep if I do not have so much money.” e I venture to eny that others rea- son likewise. And so when Father Time overtakes them they are prob- ably not as fortunate as my little seamstress who having good children they will not fet her want, So that it behooves more women to follow the example of the worker who made @ little fortune doing a big work, 1, 1s good beyond measure to do mated, for somebody who has been doing for others, pat clothes, food and other jewelry, and I want to discuss something foolish for a change—so, again I ask you, are the women really going to wear tnose pantaloon dresses I see pictures of in the papers of a shrinking noto- riety-seeker wearing on Fifth Ave- nue “Certainly not!” sald Mrs, Jarr with emphasis, id you see any- body wearing the split sheath gown that there was so much talk about some years ago?” ‘Well, I saw them worn on the stage a few times,” said Mr. Jarr, “And that's where you will see the pantaloon skirts worn—a few times,” said Mrs. Jarr, “The ordinary woman is not going to make herself so con- s*picuous on the street and those things are only freak styles to set @ limit, “They certainly are the limit,” said Mr. Jarr, “and so are the hats. You can't say the women are not wearing freak hats," “Ladies are not,” said Mrs, Jarr quietly, “In fact, the shapes that are worn by people of taste this sea- son are very quiet.” “You call a hat quiet that doesn’t have a brass band a: id it?" sug- gested Mr, Jarr, Mrs, Jarr didn’t see the point, “The gold sashes on hats have gone out, hate are getting simpler if anything,” she anewered, “Take the present shapes, for instance, like this,” and she Indicated the hat she was wear- ing, which had one side turned up, “Yes, and I'll bet that hat cost more than I'd like to have to pay for an overcoat,” eaid Mr, Jarr, “It eight dollars and forty cents is more than you'd care to pay for an overcoat, you are right’ re~ plied Mrs. Jarr, “You've got a lot of hats, at that,” grumbled Mr. Jarr, “I have not,” said Mre. Jarr, “I just change the trimming on them, that's all.” “They all look different to me,” persisted Mr. Jarr, ‘ ‘hey all look different to every- body,” said Mrs, Jarr, “But they are the same hats with the trimmings changed, Different trimming makes them look like new hats and differ- ent hats. What did you suppose J a Jarr, “but I should have imagined it | cost ten or fifteen dollars.” Mrs, Jarr smiled pityingly, Mr, Jarr thought she smiled because his ideas were extravagant, but she was smiling as she thought of what a hat would look like that would cost only ten or fifteen dollars. “Well,” she said, “whether you be- eve me or not, this shape cost me $8.40 and the hat with the tassel only , $9.88, so there!” “Oh, I believe you,” said Mr, Jarr; “but it's wonderful how you do it. I thought hats like those cost a whole lot of money, I've seen you point | them out to me in the milliners’ win- dows and tell me they cost $75 and $100, and they didn't look a bit bet- ter.” | Mrs. Jarr dia not reply to this, for , this was getting on dangerous ground. |For it you will observe, she only epoke {of the “shape” costing the astonish- |ingly small sums. And in hats, It ‘isn't the shape; it's the trimmings, |So she let Mr. Jarr go on his way to jbuck the non-striking bread line in \ his business, and said no more. Mrs. Kittingly dropped in shortly after Mr. Jarr had gone, Had he been present he would have been en- lightened. “A new hat?” @he asked. “No,” said Mrs, Jarr, ‘I just got some new trimmjng, for the shape is as good as new. Isn't it terrible the | prices they charge you for velvet rib- bon and those jewelled ornaments and fancies’? “Outrageous,” eaid Mrs. Kittingly; “it's enough to break one’s heart. ‘The trimmings of a hat, if you get anything that looks half way decent, would buy one the makings of a new dress. That's a new paradise, too?” “Yes,” said Mrs, Jarr, knew what it cost me! have some of my old plumes made over, but they had been curled and fixed up too often; they couldn't give them the right effect. They looked old, So I just had to buy a new par- adise. It would have looked ridicu- lous to have put old paradise on with the new trimmings. I have three or four sets of trimmings and it doesn't take over an hour to change, and it makes @ hat look a new one all over. “Ia very becoming, the trimming ful and sullen, intelligent and stupid; yet only very recently have these differences been taken into account in a really scien- tifle way. This has been true be- cause until within the last few years there was no way to measure most of these differences, The height and welght of employees are called for by nearly every employment office and men are placed accordingly. During the last twenty years psy- chologists have developed methods of measuring a man’s intellience. By this is meant not his knowledge or skill or education, but the ability for acquir- ing knowledge rapidly and accurately, In a rough way we may liken Intel- ligence to horse-power of a motor, ‘The greater the intelligence the great- er the production, But just as a 1,000 horse-power motor will do more work running twenty-four hours @ day than @ 2,000 horse-power motor running eight hours, so a man with low intel- ligence who utilizes what he has will surpass in life another with greater intelligence who loafs. In the utilization of intelligence tests in selecting salesmen or clerks, or in the army in picking out commission ind non-com- missioned officers, it has been found that the factor of intelli- gence is mi portant than any ether factor in prophesying suo- cess. Trade tests are another type of tests which measure individual differ- ences. They were first developed dur- ing the war br the Committee on Classification of Personnel, Adjutant General's Department, They measure knowledge or skill in a specific trade, as auto mechanic, blacksmith, stenog- rapher and the like, They determine, not man's ability to learn a trade, but how good he is at the specific trade at the present time, Idiots vs, Geniuses, Such experimental work in the fleld of individual differences has further on now," said Mrs, Kit- tingly, “but you can’t trim a hat Might under $30, although the shapes are ridiculously cheap.” “Bo I telling my husband,” husband never said Mra. Kit- tingly, who bad had several, AR mir ful use of learning methods, Although men differ very greatly with respect to intelligence, apparent- ly all are very much alike as regards their emotional life. We all feel it we do not all think, Herein lies the basic principle of proper morale The workman, just as much as the employer, is entitled to happiness, pleasure, enjoyment, And neither can have these most desirable emo- tional attitudes unless the instinc- tive elements of their lives are satige Every man instinctively desires a wife and children, If his wages are too low to support them decently he cannot be happy, his work suffers and the foundations of society are imperiled to just that extent. If he can find no pleasure in his work due to its monotony or excessive fatigue he can take no interest in it and he will insist on shorter and shorter hours of labor in order to escape from it. “4 All desire to create, though the creation may be very, very simple with some and of enor- mous complexity with But to create, to render to be looked up to by one’s fel- lows as having done something helped advance the group to which he feels chief allegiance, ‘© instinctive desires, not te- found even among the most un~ intelligent. “Contentment” of employees will not and cannot joured by present welfare methods, although they are gens erally valuable. Much more fundamental changes in the or+ ganization of industry must in r that the instinot- ively emotional desires of both employee and employer may be attained, In the endeavor to develop such an atmosphere within a plant it will be necessary to understand the in- stincts and emotions of man and how they become distorted under re- pression. Although psychology has much to learn before a perfect un= derstanding ‘of the problem can be reached, still, sufficient has been as- certained to warrant many changes and the expectation of marked tm- provement in the relations betweam @apital and labor,