The evening world. Newspaper, September 27, 1919, Page 9

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 1919 Picking the Right Man for the Job THE TRADE QUESTION. Second of a Series of Articles Written Expressly for The Evening. World by Max 8. Watson, Voca- tional Expert and Adviser to the Re-Employ- ment Bureau for Soldiers, Sailors and Marines. By Max S. Watson Covrriaht. 1010. by The Press Publishing Co. (The New Tork Evening World). : be able to frame a question that can only be answered by one single word, if it is answered correctly, is a problem which in- terests more people than the employment manager. The em- ployment manager is interested because by that means he can prove whether or not an applicant has the trade knowledwo he claims. It in- terests the attorney because he often wants to ask @ witness a ques- tion which cannot be evaded, “The following discussion and rules of how to write trade questions, although primarily for the employer, will bear careful study by the attorney. When certain members of the Committ nei in the Army started in the fall of 1917 to make trade tests which could be used in the army to pick men with real trade ability, they found that no, one had ever thought about how to write a question that would be an- swered in such a way that two or more people could agree on the cor- rectness of the answer. Questions) were sent to them by vil Service Commissioners, employment manag- ers, factory superintendents, schoels, colleges and all other possible’ sources, e on Classification of Person- tcl dn Mr or %. trade language. The vocao- ulary of a tradesman ig limited. He often does not understand such terms as “adjacent to” or “significance of. 4. Do not use @ bad practice ques- tion. A good mechanic should not be expected to know how to do things the wrong way. &. Be sure the meanings of al! ques- tions are definite. For example, such @ question a8 this causes trouble: ‘How do you mix paint for a priming but not one of these had paid any/0@t?” It can be answered thig way: attention to the belence of wording aj Thin,” “With plenty of @ ip 8 question. It took the Trade Test bucket,” “With a stick.” They are all correct answers, 6. Do not use a question that calls for @ long explanatory answer. No two experts will Judge such an an- swer alike and the nmop.expert is utterly lost in trying to compare the answer he may receive with any an- swer which he has written down, 7. Be @ure that the question in- volves only such knowledge as rjust come within the field of experience cf & first class tradesman. Nothing is wore common than thiy statemont: “A good man may not be able to answer the questions, but he can do the work.” This criticism is not jus- Ufled if the questions are properly selected, The data and facts upon which to ase good trade questions do not syed ~~ of books. Remember that Unless the experts give ju the r be hot or cold when bent, If sand 18) snewer without arti pve used as a filler? something the matter with the ques- Let us seo how these same ena tion, ‘Trade questions are based on could be expressed in such a me at! actual working conditions and should there would be only ono word In the! be secured from the man on the job answer, Watch the man at his work. Find 1, What {8 the typo of axyp called! ou; the various phases of his know!- where the entire load is carried by th@/ edge, if he is a machinist he must housing? Answer: Full floating, If} know his machine and his tools and] @ mechanic knows that is can Pe) yo familiar with the names of the sure he knows all about axles, working parts of his machine; he| 2. What chemical is used must know how to operate the ma- water in which the print Is chine and he must know something | after being exposed? Answe about the material he uses. A good mate of potash. set of trade questions should touch 8. What plane do you use to plana} on at these points. Analyze the job @ stick across the grain? Answers} carefully for which you want the Block. trade questions. Pick out the terms 4. This question a9 given bas @) or names or numbers you want for guess answer which is naturally) the anewer. Frame the question in valueless, as any one has a fifty-fifty| simple language to fit these answers. ch@ice of getting it right. It should) Try them out on a number of ex- be worded: With what do you fill a] perts to be sure they are right. Try piece of copper pipe when it ts bent} them on a number of non-tradesmen hot? Answer; Sand, to be sure they cannot answer them. In the corrected form of the ques-| You will then have some trade ques- tion any person who could read] tions which may not be perfevt, but could tell whether the answer re-| they will be far ahead of anything ceived was correct or incorrect, be-} You ever used before in helping you cause there is only the one possible} to pick the right man for the job. right answer, Below are given several good trade The scoret of the trade question} questions for an all aroynd ma- and of all questions which have an| Chins Try them out. exact answer Is this, Know the exagt] 1—What do you call a split pin used word you want for the answer before|to keep 4 gut from working off? you frame the question and then word] Answer—Cotter, the question so that it cam have no} ¢—wWhat do you cal! the first tap other possible answer but that word./used to thread a hole in steel? It ig the exact reverse of a dictionary. | answer—Taper, There the word is given and then de-) 5 1) what way are flaed, In @ trade question the word) 5, 11g of a tool showa on a blue print? or name or number {8 defined and] 4 wven potted line. must be given to be @ correct re-|" 4” “woot in the best kind of chisel spunse to the definition, The word-}) use to cut a key-way by hand? ing of the question must be exact.) ° Ne aie, ¥.r example; How do you drive O)° 5 What happens to @ hole if onc nail? The answer would most UKel¥] i, Gey arill is ground off centre? be, “with a hammer,” hut It could be. Po no) ianee (over alae) Division six months to find out how, and another six months to do it right, and then the war ended; so now the employment man should see that he benefits from the experience. Most questions have a long explana- tion for an answer which needs an ex pert to decipher. Here are a fow ex- amples of those received by the DIi- vision of ‘Trade Tests, The answers will have to be ‘left to your tmagina- tion as space is limited. 1,¥OR AUTO MECHANICS— What is ¢he general construction of Tear axles? 2. BLUE PRINTER—Egplain the entire process of making blue prints. 3, CABINET MAKER—What is the difference between @ block plane and| >, @ smoothing plane? 4 COPPER SMITH—Should a pipe in the washed Bicro- the vistble | “straight,” “with the blows Os oe $—For What purpose do you use| heed,” Swilth Wy right bangs M08?) russian blue in assembling a ma fro ell posalbly carredt, ne ques) chine? — Answer—Bearings (high orded, “W at too! tion is worded, “With wh: 1 19 8] pote), Would Women Be More Beautiful TWO DELEGATES TO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF WOMEN PHYSICIANS SAY “YES” Dr. Dagney Bang of Norway—‘‘ Corsets Make |Women More Stupid—They Think Being Laced Into Artificial Shape Makes Men Admire Them." | Dr, Radmila Lazarewitch of Serbia--‘‘Women More Charming Without Them— Cersetless Women Who Are Not Attractive Owe It to Lack of Exercise.’ THE SHARP CURVES,’ GIVEN & THE CORSET ARS WRYeR.! Se GeAUTIPUL AS THE LON! ‘Wayuren bIN OF THE MODY >: INQUSTRY/ WHE WKREPA Woman: Pa By Marguerite Mooers Marshall Coperighs, 1gt0, by The Rose Pubilaning Co re Brewing World), ONSIDER the case against the corset. That ts what doctors from all over the United States and the rest of the world have been doing at the ly ternational Conference of y Women Physic M8, meet 4 THe FAT ns ing daily in the Y W CLA < woman oF. 4 headquarters, No, 600 Lex A | ington Avenue. corset NEEDS CoRSsETS 3 an's apparel has been examined, tested, tried, not a!) the effort of pinning everything| woman from growing fat and create! é found guilty and sentenced to banishment. It is the together at the waist and to the corse | fcr her a natural corset muscle. Oy ane PTACtically unanimous opinion of conference that , Watorneath." | We should begin with the young girls ' t= no normal young gi ould Ne: ai dip pul on And what physical harm do corsets |and train them to go without corsets. staya and that, properly trained and exercised, she may always do with: |?/IN# to @ woman?” J as In that way the corset w ho left tn} The ke ae ” thing | ‘he past where it belongs out them, They kh her athin “ b n ss properly tteniged the rbian physl 1 am ndering, if the eorset | 1 suppose there 1s no question on which the opinion of the lay Woman Gian, “Wearing them, she cannot | thrown away, what object of tortur differs so drastically from that of the professional medical woman a IM preathe abdominally, but only from] wilt replace it. ‘th te bure to be the matter of wearing corsets. Quite frankly, the average woman does she top of her lungs. They thrust ¢h no woman ts bappy unless she not feel that she is dressed without them. She insists that she is more | organs in wer body out of shape sree ingot definite enough. In the | Mas & standard 3-4-inoh bolL? Answer 0 ot definite enough He | work of the Trade Test Division] °° 8—What kind of a caliper other | than a micrometer will measure to | one-thousandth of an inch? Answer | ‘erniey. | 9—-How many turns of the barrel of a iniccometer equal one-tenth of an Jinch? Answer— hours were spent to get the wording of questions so that they were foal proof, 5 The following rules are the most important and if studied will be hetp- ful in avoiding the most common dif ficulties. 1, Do not use a catch question, For example: “What kind of lubricant is used when turning cast iron?” The answer would be: “No lubricant, Such questions antagonize the trad man, Do not a question with a guess ‘answer. For example: "On what side of the horse do you stand ur. The largest bridge in tho world is, in China, extending for five and| a quarter miles over an arm of the! Yellow Sea and being supported vy | $00 stone arches. Fj use A | Chairs of aeronautics have been established at the Universities of when you put on the harness?” The) Cambridge and London, and, various | anewer must be elther “right” or[aeronautical scholarships have been Mott" andy therefore, is of no value, |!natituted jn England, | ther form of guess question 16 (be — He peach front of at t one| GY ‘2 with the “yes” or “no” answer, New Rg ik resort ‘lst pro- ' i Random Facts From Here and There phys tabl In comfortable with them on than off, that she wears them too logge for ou puta ti case over you PChina nh . a 8 in certain physical injury, that her appearance without them would be not only pulling it to one side, and wor Ke tribes she wears an assort. | unfashionable but imprope it there all day dong. Pretty #00} ment of tinware In her nose. What Nevertheless, 1 suggest she hear impartially what are the reasors the YOUr nose would grow one-sided. Cor-} wiry be the successor of the corset woman doctors have for urging the! ‘sets make it hard for a Woman. (Pl cag For every woman is pro: wex be set (ree from stays. In order| fl Why should artitice try to give! Walk pr rly, and may impede } foundly convinced that, In the words to have the topic discussed compre- | 't a different pe? W nd a civeutation y keep her muscles! of the French epigrammatiat, “tb hensively, I asked two of the dele- | Woman try h wpe of! Weak, and are likely to increase the! necessary to suffer t voatititul:? gates to the Internationa! Confer-| her figure move than a man changes |dittculties of becoming & mother.” — a nba ence to co-operate the indictment] the shape of his? Phe sharp curves rally emphatic in her condemna ’ against the corset Jthe pinched-in waist given by the! tion was Dr. Dagny Bang, one of the otel Bus The first physician with whom 1| corset are neve bouu us the delegates from Norway \ talked was pretty, blue-eyed, blonde iy." | “You cannot make too strong my haired Dr. Radmila Lazarewiteh, rep ight 4 ipr rpproval of the corset," she told W , enting Serbia at th n ¢ 7 1 ‘Whenever a young girl com Vith a $200-a-Wee Her husband is atts the Ser t when they ne in Christiania, F eny to her, bian Legation in Washington | j‘Throw away your cors She ah “Women,” she sald “are not only they do not exercise |iooks shocked, but I keep on saying ment to Sing Beg more healthy without corsets; they | properly ve replied at once, “Itlit untit T convince her of the wisdom! |. gs hi are more beautiful and charming 1 never used y f walls! of tt | New York it ia possible tor gl That iy why I do not believe they | would be Aeidy, fat, usle | Women wear corsets because they | bet anything to happen : should be put on any healthy young J the 1 weak 1 © at a Corsets mak them| 4 ‘ , és A i i trousers walks down Fi ver f © don't girl. If the corset ts to be worn at 1 Me women wel giypider, Tt always makes a person! } lta ie hy ! a W all, it should be by the fat woman| no ¢ to ie upld just to do something because | uaod te weeny Tih ea of forty who is not strong enough to | torso and abd nm they hang UMP! 6 goo ut doineiG. he (wie | a“ b and hold herself perly, or by the VRE -UneURE 1 ADV) ative instinct ts responsible for the} yi, woman who has had an operation at r Kiy wom Te caiantaetiaty aca cAblt tut w inch ata rill se us ave c rn a) 1t that boy jwh mu s hay no regained oman thinks she will not be beau “i $0 1 t | their neg J elasticity Le Ve " ul, that men will not ad ® be) Kirchen, } 1 famous Bu ease Kr ma | hink for how many hundreds of her a pity ho ja Jaced into this artifolas | oy. ad b K | years women lived with it Corse tae ta a A fat pe : 4 walting for before they we ente ink of) ab el Dea Ww t to comme Y ¢ By Thiy ’ s How can women hope to compete 1 fow w ‘ o ¥ the great beauties who never wore o mu pull sow y vy gaia’ a iG Gua > mae wh rey with men in work, when women go) oye ¥ mane & | t € 4 cage that tiren { carset on the Greek woman whom the The on women in ale , H ’ The ' red 9 sculptor immortalized as the Venus| Paris never wea i (a GAR WOMGD OA TET now two : He | de Milo? Con: - inal ere A the factories, on atreet M niacana. corset, op Helen of 4 7 1 é Ml ays equal men in strength and va 1 ; } {dea iy absurd. When or ‘ ary id on. /endurance when women are bound) and that wanted « Job very bad Nature made woman's body beauti- | ters a 84 Dr. Lagarewiteh added | USMY to steel and whalebone fen bei roke | unge | Ani sasesiies with a st ne hay to b cares | 1t 18 absurd th {him $50 # month, room and jf in ok vin on mu | “Exercise and industry will keep 4) bourd d aod him where t | ehac the ono with the stiffest back - - - rinsit vchines and the dryer | tected by a concrete wall, so formed |4Md We hardest, hig f and DAY DREAMS. wore | on the outside as to meet the curves |ihen perch with ution on the YIN Pwo d n xeited) patron of the waves, : t. Bu F cor | ss UENO eis hs Wanieks its ah a a jedg i t castle in ‘ “ A census taken in March showed |"! cn sink b : v oF © alt OM ond perro aman that Holland had more than g6z,ouy | SOUCY OF an ct h and man? Not that | and van | horses, nearly 2,000,000 cattle, more| fect 1 se ‘much charming ecivel but! “Ho stra n Ame than 437,000 sheep and almost’ 450,009) “Another advas A not wearing omething of th he sald. "You ere to wash swine ris cae orsels ix that can deen rant wee itl 4 ‘ aniah opera Demands for telephone service in |More 44 Wet ation Of wishing Thad e M antacani, fest Japan are qhont 160,000 phead of the {te oF three alimple undergarme onirect to Bi haste of the Lino at Barcelona, th Government's ability to supply equip- aad over them the veo drens Strect Teatro Nacionale at Havana, where pent. with only @ few fastenings. There is Detroit Free Prevs. ' eerie ROE LEE 4 beard bun, We artist distinguighed eed o Without the Present Day Corset? joptimiats, Gur stutesmen and our her | mistakes Spanish Basso, “Broke,” Had to Find Job Until His Engage- SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 1919 Types of Married Folk V7e All Know NO, 2—THE PESSIMISTS By Fay Stevenson 199, by The Prose Publishing © ssi ; Cope enh. (The New Yor Brevins World) } ists—the husband and wife who always make the worst of everyihing—have thelr place in the world. And that place, although frequently a very small one as far as our love for them Is concerned, i¥ @ vilally essential one. The pessimists hold us down to facts, They keep us trom tog many ideals. They make ug look at thai other side of the story, the unpleasant side which the optimists skip over, The opt: misia ove the un of our lives, the bright spots, but tae pessimists are the rain, the fog and the mists which old mother nature and human nature both need. Too muck un would sopch Us; we need that rain end mist. Too many happy ideals and veliefy that everything te all right on earth would make the world a very unsafe place ty which to dwell, 8. the me It im true never rejoiced to yj ; The pessimtetic Wite thelr virtues, Hear that (8 pessimiate are (0 PAY | sooy che wormt gide of her husband's us a vigil. They find fayt With oUF) Aature, Siw is sorry for herself home life, our cooking, our furniture, use she has to live with this our huebands and wives and our ehi)- | 2f BMa Pike whe ta a contin amount of pleasvire in telling ¥ dren, Nothing ( auite right that wel’ sang wD tig per do After they leave ua there je andn-| Her chitren ave always the worst | tense gloom bd ovpr us, Mrs./ehildyen on ‘she openly = | Pexstmist informe us that we eat tooladaity it She toves tucts and, bugs | much hot bread to be healthy, that/4i) unplensant ene» to her bogom. | Dorothy. the oldest girl must wear|That is the chief duference between E her drersee much longer, that Fred,!the optimist ond the pessimist, Phe ey bey, 1¢ amoking eigars [ORLMIst only admiry the pleagent | the sty, and that the whole! facts, © Pesvimist cares oply | family te entirely too ext gant. | (or unpleasant omes ‘ Mr. Pessinies informa us that the] some people have p feculty of make | bows doevn't recognize the head of the) ing everything they have worse that family's ab’ . that he ought to helanything others nv Yost because @ ' twice ue » cons! hing | Site imposelyle, Phelr | Joes. that we ou; apartm er siiacy, thelr position ove fashionable Jocality on | in life is always just a litde bit worse | secount and that there} :ngg afybody else } lare wf nes about us Chat! we ait gnow at ine, penta Quant to de Improved. The optieioty couple and yet we are constantly in- make uv f Ay we are 4 ChAT leluding them a3 our liste for p@tap- | ing tittle ¢ tbe pemgeimies egy 4 family H jieave h our h@de Yetpegp our irene 4s pomething nbout thee, ®& h ‘ Kvankness. & poinuag out of things Perhaps it ia just as well Co HAVE Th st the way they are. especialy J { the peswliiniele Visit Us every #0 OTTER liLoy are wrong; an opon-mind te ‘The opthmaty mawe urhappy PUL thE! iy auiity to give us ther meet ' | pevsimtvts make us thing. Surely fl oughte that rather draws we | we eat leas hot bread, put Dorothy) siom, we detest that Ieck @f gums f Into sedate tA, ‘orm Our DOY | shine in their souls, but we lene fal ‘trom smoking cigarettes and earn} more money becauge the pessimist | potats out a few of our shortcomings we have jos! nothing, the!r ont-and-out manner sometimes of selling up al! about our worst side, “Tm net going to include The Pens! | mists in my week-end party,” con- But the strangest part about (bel qseg a pogteny 10 me thie summeh pessimists i# that although they are liorioy have a wey of rather ypeetting able to point out the faults of others Of us and taking the Joy gab ti hey fail to eee their own. Some Fae once, in: toy i011 Ae couples have an idea they will attain’ a nlsanaci pace Sa wealth and fame by lowking at the dark side of life, Unpleasant facts} } how they did mise t 4 and frowns esem to be their motte! Pee, & ny dl mise the. pease mists! ‘The optimists laughed and for succons. Hut as & Tule LD® PPB" yung and tried to make everybody mists are not a success in ife. Our! jap Gut re Was po one Lo gay successful business men a little cutting things, no one to usually | matters decidedly personal, ne make cheeks flame and eyes 6 no one te point out the other sit yoes are all men who look at lifefrom | the sunny wide. ‘The pessimists love their confdenco im others. They re] ihe story, the unpleawaat, but ; sfrald to tnake a business venture | cy ¢ H e because they have no faith in thelr! o¢ things, There was too much sua fellowmen, All the many tragedies and they were own flattery I! wcoreved with their And things that might happen erowd t they lacked was ut all the splendid success aod pe ble bright futuye that might be @ litte rain and fist everything perfgotly The pessimists give MS a humor, a reflection of ous other real selves. place tn the werld of People to Nake 4 world and efter all the pessimists ore very gpgelt Boy — Grand Opera ‘Star i: Contract in His Pocket, Miguel Santacana, t ot each other mused. ‘The if wond the pessimists young woman once seo all the foulte and vthers and 1 wonder how euch other.” ve valanced, they t Of course the peasimiste love eaoh other for their faulus eather than ins — So He Got One in a New York Hotel is @ little story," be maid. (tos necessary that one contigne to eat and without money it is impor. sole eo to do. Two more months and | co to South Amevica at $200 a week with opera at Rio de Japeizo. That ix very pice ‘| two months May net must eat, Sof am “ from lialy in Apel, ¥ been with the opera at Milan, { join (he Spanivy Opera Company the Park T ©. where I sing Rufe in ‘Maruja'that is the first ‘ Fi basso, Theo that ts finished, and 3 &ot & contract at $75 a week with @ known opera company in New to work in Sep- September comes, vegin a ! 27% my mopey io finished. and the mame Some ager sayy he cannot open saidaitile hy / So 1 come her It is better so, SANTACAA The artist, the opera singer, cannot \ ita for the vaudeville er the cheap ' theatre it would spoil bis velce sna> famnuacin ni n|for the gr singing again, I @o avaruehars not speak the Bnglish well, Me, no iting beside the m tables in| other work could | got. No, some- \e gril} pantry Miguel Bantacana ex- {times it ls not so pluasdnt, but seom (ay plained things yesterday Ho iy a| the $200 & week will come, and then : paviie as hone atone etna. it will up just © joyous adventure to ¢ with white forehead, and calm! 8 nor Sa itieal eyes behind shell-rimmed urteousty he 4 bus boy acting ae | MABEEY. The inte interpreter, translated his quick flow- haw ay ae) ains of an overtures The tay id 2 "cca words, \ ‘ . a