The evening world. Newspaper, March 13, 1918, Page 16

SE aa, ee é & War Has Always Spurred Genius of U. S. Inventors To Produce New Weapons Torpedo, Submarine, Submarine Mine, Ironclad, Breech. | Loading Gun, Revol er, Submarine Killer and Non- Sinkable Ship Among Examples of Yankee Genius “Making Good” Under Stress of War Needs. By Albert Payson ‘Terhune. Copyriaht, 1918, by the Preae Publishing Co. (The New York Evening World) HENEVER a war starts in, the very first thing some Amert- can inventor do je to devise a brand new instrument of warfare; something never thought of by any one else; @omething destined to help revolutionize the whole sctence of arms. It happens, every time. If 1t wero not for these war-inepired Yankee inventions, the boys at the front might now de fighting with Mintlocks, and relying on oav- @lry scouts to do the work accomplished by airship and telephone and motor car, Name almost any war you choose and you will find {it has led fome American to produce a new and terrific invention, For example: In the early days of the Revolution, in 1775, a Connecticut patriot pamed David Bushnell hit on a plan to clear our harbors of the Brit- {eh warships with which our puny neworn navy could not cope. So he invented the torpedo, His idea was to fasten a small powder maga- fine to the bottom of an anchored ship, and to explode {t by means of aclockwork apparatus, He worked out a model which was to be loaded with 100 pounds of gunpowder, and he porfeoted the clockwork attach ment. Then came the sticking point. How was he to get far enough under water, unolwerved, to fasten the thing to the bottom of a deep- @raught warship? This puzzle led him to another and far more mur derous Invention.the submarine, There nad been crude experiments fn building submersible ships from time to time for many years, But they had accomplished nothing of note. Bushnell now set out to devise a sulmarine that would carry his torpedo undor water to the ship he wanted to sink, He ma © what was called “a tortolseshaped * diving boat of boller tron, which was driven by a sort of propeller and which would contain enough alr to support a man for half an hour,” Ho named tt “The American Turtle.” Attaching his torpedo to the bow of this, he approached the Brit- {oh warship Kagle, in New York Harbor, one night in 1776. There was @ screw for fastening the torpedo to the Kaglo's bottom, The casting off of a line was to start the clockwork, Dut the Eagle's metal sheath. ing was (oo tough for the screw to penetrate, And the first submarine attack was a failure, The next year, off Now London, Bushnell crept under the water in his “Turtle” to a British war schooner alongside the frigate Cerberus, attached bis torpedo and blew her up. This echooner was the first vessel to be sunk by a torpedo or by a submarine. Robert Fulton, another American, selzed on the idea of Bushnell’s twin inventions, When France was at the helght of the Napoleonte wars, bo perfected a submarine in which he once stayed under water for five hours, It was known as “A Submarine Torpedo Boat, for Use in Naval War.” His torpedo attachment was an improvement on Bush- nell's, The French Government rejected {t as being too deadly for oth the attacked and the attacker. Napoleon also rejected Fulton's Steamboat invention (offered him for war use) as “impracticable.” In the Civil War the Confederates improved still further on Ful ton and Bushnell by inventing and using a little fle known as “Davids warships, Th Their torpedc » DUL powe ‘The first really successful torpedo (the {nto use during the Civil War, It was used not only by submarines but by regular warships, It was a metal eyiinder full of powder and stuck on the end of a long pole Its point was then submerged, in close quarters fehting, and rammed against the enemy's hul low the water line, exploding by contact or by lanyard trigger, of submarines nage to Yankeo and made of boller tron which did consid rable minor de Davids" were 36 feet lor s were priny Spar"), by the way, came The submarine mine too is a Yankee fone shape or another, the tdea of tt hundreds of your But in its f ul form it was invented and employed by America in 1777, the third year of the Revolution, The firat “electrically fired” mines were inve nd used during our Civil War, Twenty-eight ships were su d by them in the course of that confict ° javentton, bred of war, In ) underwater mine dates back for As every one knows, Ameriea revolutionteed all naval warfare dur. ing the Civil War by Ericsson's invention of the armor-elad fighting ship. His Montior and the ¢ erate Merrimac ended forever the era of wooden eraft and made possible the present day superdread- pought—Just as war-driven Yankee {1 y dovised the submarine and the torpedo whieh dint ‘ « the tronelad The PreechJoading un was a freak and an almost uv Non-dopendadle freak, at that-—-unill dhe Civil Warts aest for slaughter proved how awkward and slow wa Y ‘ for, Amerlean in ventors set th ne to the (ask of p ne eech-lod army Gun. And tong before the war's end they had suceveded. Up to that time two shots a ite was the bost the a infantryman could fire The Black Hawk War ravaged the West. In that type of border warfare the pi was all need And Was almost ae awk ward to load ax © 1 od Yani ventor- Samuel ¢ ried to 1 a rapldtire Tn 1830 he produced a w ae \ ith a revolving cylinder.” This phrase w ta ward ' nth e The early Ip A Way whereby the eum! tine \ 19 more aceu rate and deadly, 8 y Mt on a pls r ets and for Jengthening the gun bar y rated and uncertain weapon soon be ‘ t Brit) Ya ker) land warfare in ! et ! ' y Yankee tronelad changed sea fet ' 1 at 1 front now the Lewis and the Brownir A The “subma. rine killer” and the ka our very devices for bringing war tod The Al ave looked to U r 1 { they have not looked in vain. But perhaps the my i whtch } ny lead them most quick'y to nN of V ‘ ad not th merely by means of mon a food H | ay bo by some mew Atr war ¢ which s be against the The ide not a to! Out y. The Nation which invented the torpedo and t and t yet barre inventive g her w canes ve flame, The present war will t ex WEDNESDAY, MARCH 13, 1918) ° w Would You Like to Be a SEE ALL THE CLOTHES YOU’ D HAVE TO WEAR AND THINK OF ALL THE TRUNKS YOU'D VE TO PACK—WHICH MME. KIMURA DOESN'T SEEM TO MIND AT ALL! The Spread of the Deadly Prune It Is Everywhere and in Everything; on the Interborough the Prune Is the Express That Beats the Local in Everythi atricel World It Is the Pair of Orchestra Seats for Gran You Bought From a Speculator—But in Albany the Plum That Has Gone Re; ublican Flourishes Lest, for There, in the Prune Scason, They Make the Laws That the Rest of Us Break. By ARTHUR (“BUGS”) BAER, New York Evening Hut what's the served when they're serving nothing but prunes? ‘The prune ts stepehild of the family and is a plum that has gone Repub- }-year-round ey thwarted by v clentint has yet succeed In publish clusively in boardir prunes In ite datly press is called an expr tor than a local press seats disappear on your Dbunions mue quickly than local air 1 except travel We get theatrics s everything » Arpooned by tleket apeeus Mr of orchestra It's even prunir tenses out In Alba But in order t Inmaton of the political detention there is a fine crop arts in to prune the crop. pill passed by ids farmers from keeping Japanese Dancer ? MME KIMURA As & COUNTRY MAN IN HOLIDAY ig Except Travelling; in the ’s Tomb fish and ducks in damp, unh Ithy places, Another bill Introduced by a rural statesman protests ajainst using can openers on charlotte r during the duration of the war, Another bil ed from the junk heap abso-post-lutely prohibits sportymen from wiving ‘em a two min yer voting snails without # xtart and a chance to consult a reliable law- Wa fooltyh bil, ax lawyers aren't reliable, There in a DML promibiting night schools to be open tn the daytime. Thoreis another bill compolling all cats to wear bells around their necks at night, but the leyistator forget mention whether you get _a cigar for ringing the bell with an ott Phere are pruv miting the whoolbane of knitting bags 1 ' iting: pede Ans from step. ping on Mivvers, Bille Hiiting four-tne tofour-ineh holes, Bills compelling, owners of Koldfiah to keep muffler on their aquariums mite, Hilla remunerating a within the elty 1 nts for colds in ears keyholes, Mi vary enainos from joyriding when the dos ing, Wille fining baberdashers for not havin contracted while listening (hrouth draug preve engineers on mtatl ; safety vales on their dollar watohos : The Albany Dirda pass one DIM a minute and one in between, There {na DIN compelling reMtaurant owners to measure spaghetth meals by the foot Instead of by the calory, Before one bill was pruned it pasted a fine and Hmpriponment on any eitizen who put hts hat on backward wh opening oyatorn ina telephone booth for the purpose of dodging t Immigration Law, whieh distinetly vorbids the drinking of Hudson River water In hablt-forming quantities: One bil prohibite second-hand dealers from renting broken arches and de nin to draft dodgers, Anothe on anybody who kills a moth out of season, nfiscating three thirds ef the profits and eompoellt s the offender to wear a brown derby while Hathing at Newport, There is a bill dining any ye ng Democrat who lends hin toothplok to a stranger iy the Automat, and there ts a DIN prohibiting city sliokers from painting their thumbs blue and caus- o blue thumb Inge noaralghted subway tleket choppers to imagine that in a aubway the They make bills for everything up there, but mostly for nothing, rl ’ Varina,” a Miss Waring, und per-jin 1723) "V: 12 tiny republic of San Marino { | 8 govert two Captains WEDNESDAY, MARCH 13, 1918 British Tommy “‘Bulldog” — Same War Spirit in Both Miss Burleigh, After Vis'ts to American Army Camps, Com- pares Our Fight'ng Men With England’s—Yankees, Built for Speed, Have Same Spirit of Holding On That Marks British. By Bertha Bennet Burleigh Copyright, 1918, by the Press Publishing Co. (The New York Evening World.) * of the most interesting trips I have made here in America O has been to the American soldiers in the various camps in Vir- ginia and about New York. Not only was it interesting from the personal point of view—that ts to say, to see the men and contrast their ways to ours—but also from the way of scenery, and to see how the camps—or cantonments, as they are called—are laid out. In England, and for that matter, out in France, the huts are only one story high, a contrast to the Americans with their two tiers, And then the temperature in our huts is practically the same as outside, while here they are heated and made so warm that when you go out the cold seems to strike colder than ever. While another point of dif- ference is in the color, Here the natural color of the wood prevails; in England, &c., they are painted to fit in with the local surroundings, the color chosen usually being green. The planning out of the camps and the arrangement of the huts are very similar, and there, I think, the likeness ends. Nearly all our huts have gardens round them, and one of the first things our Tom- mies do when they get Into a new camp {s to set to work and decorate and give {t a distinctive air, either with his regimental coat of arms, or formal ornaments are used, such as whitewashed stones or flower borders. I think the most striking characteristic of our British Tommy is his love of making the place he {s staying {n as much like home as possible, no matter where he is, In the British camps not a single plot of ground is wasted and the soil between the huts fs laid out and planted with vegetables of various kinds, which ultimately form an attractive addition to their menu. It helps to give the men a variety in their diet and an interest in their canteen arrangements, while gardening is an excellent change from the everyday drill and discipline, On the whole, the average American 1s slight and more of the larch build than our stocky Britisher, The English build o. the whole is heavier and gives one the idea of solidity. On the other hand, the American slimness gives one the impression of speed. It is Just the contrast between the American eagle and the British bull- dog. Dut the same spirit of “holding on” animates them both. There is the same joy of living, and to see them swarming out of their huts into those of the Y. C, A—well, honestly, I found no difference between them and our men, J seemed to be way in France and Eng- land with the troops, so to speak—in one of our own camps. Everywhere I came across the same feeling of seeing this war through. Only yesterday I received a letter saying: “Tell the Ameri- cans that their boys and ours are not fed up. The end is not in sight, but all will see it through if it lasts till the last man on this side of the smash goes,” I think the slouch or campaign hat of the American soldiers is very attractive and distinctly American as contrasted to the leather peaked cap that they wear. In the early part of the war we had a hat Ike this cap, but it was found necessary when these men went to France to dispense with the stiffening, as it acted somewhat in the way of a heliograph and from aeroplanes could be easily seen as it caught t sunlight. It is fascinating to watch the angles at which they place them on their heads and to see how they harmonize with the various tonsorial effects. Here the men I see are clean- shaven, whereas so many of our men had what is termed the “Charlie Chaplin” till an order had to be put out controlling artistic effects, The thing I like least are the canvas leggings. Our puttees have the a age of looking neater as well as acting as a support to the muscles of leg on long route marches, but here opinions may dif- e idea of the puttee originated from the Indian t better in the hot, dusty climates than in the water-logged trepches in France. It is heartening to see the progress and the rapidity with which these men get into shape and to see the intelli ce that they put into their work. There is no lagging by the , they put thelr heart and soul into it. In fact, it is astound- ing to see the change in one short month—the raw recruit to the soldier in uniform happiest nights IT have spent was watching them at their t thei nts” and their amusements. They live care free, loughing and joking—a contrast, not much, to the American soldier I saw in England. There the men were serious, their bearing digni- fied da credit to the American Nation; conscious of the prominent part they had to play; conscious that the job that they had come over to tackle was no light one; conscious that the Germans must be beaten on the field if the world was to have any peace for future very as to their v troops and are no ¢ wayside T fame generations Above all, there is that fine spirit of adventure—that of the to make the American what he is, pioneer—which has done so m Swift . Falthtass Lover TIER JOUNSON, the “Stella” rick’s Cathedral in Dublin he wa with the efe<ions of bot men. At length, in 1716, he consented si was|a secrot marriage with “Stella,” years ago, While condition that it should never : neholy love affa ety : to believe that he, made known. In the meantime dea’ y her, Swift ear-| wrote his best verses, in the gui Ene sndence with his|a faithful lover, to Miss Vanhor a" learned Vanessa," who was|lover's duplicity and when Sw - ta become vio-|raged, cast her aside, she him, When/died of a broken heart. "Stel at wed “Vanessa” to the g Governors Elected by Lottery Having reduced the fiel. ction of th sen by alernors is ect to a fine of | paper, each be ent if they refuse e ff T names of twelve of |} xty members of the Grand nd each of these 4 eathedra members rated, af zen sated are submitted to a| draws from the urn and the six hav-|of paper and the tw est votes are included injon it are those of t t lottery of the ingresso. Regent. — American Soldier “Eagle”;