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TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1 HERE’S MORE ABOUT BOMB CHARGE STARTS ON PAGE 1 be the greatest expert on r tivities in the country 1 ace} | | “If Burns wants, 1 can bring in| thousands of witnesses to support my | testimony,” Bailin declared. | Tn ME dine es, Bailin as. | serted that th and Burns detective agenc radical ‘@ctivities and then carried out raids Arrested scores of janocent per fons. It ts & gigantic enterprise on the | Bert of these detective agencies to} Coliect money from ban * and) Merchants,” Bailin asserted. “Wiliam J. Burns instructed me) Rimseif to distribute Uterature and Preach violence and force at alleged radical meetings, SAYS EVIDENCE WAS PLANTED Ballin charged that at least two Operatives of the department of ju: tice were in the pay of detectiv @gencies and turned over to them| all evidence obtained by the govern. | Ment concerning the activities of] Tadicals, communists and other so-| called “red” organizations. Additional charges made by Bailin @uring his testimony included the! following: Red raids in Chicago on January 1, 1920, were carried out after pri. Yate detectives had “planted” evt-| dence, ‘The manager of the Thiel Deteo tive Service turned loose radicals aught in the raids tn order thal they might share in the $40,000 of. fered for tracking them down. Operators of the Thiel agency oo. cupied positions on the propaganda! committee of the I. W. W. thruout| 1919, One detective agency proposed to supply Bailin with bombs and he was directed to cultivate rad. jeal leaders and attempt to per- suade them to throw the bombs, in order that operatives of the agency might make the arrests. The operatives made the bombs which were exploded in the Gug-| genhelm copper mines In order that Strikers might be blamed for the destruction. CHARGES ATTEMPT TO FRAME FOSTER Resuming his testimony, Bailin said the Thiel and Burns detective agencies had attempted to “frame William Z. Foster, communist lead. er. Foster was arrested at Bridge- man. “The detective agencies wanted to get Foster more than any other man,” Bailin declared. “In 1920, on instructions of Allen O. Myers, head of the radical department of the Burns agency, I attempted to plant evidence against Foster in New York. “We had radical literature, bombs and other evidence in an Italian res. taurant, I was to get Foster to 50! to the restaurant, where he would/ have been arrested. However, the) scheme did not pan out, as Foster! apparently learned of the plan. Baflin declared both the Thiel and Burns agencies sent men to Russia| to get copies of bolshevik literature to distribute in this country. “They wanted to make bankers and business men believe there was great danger from the communists in this country so they would pro duce more money for investigation purposes,” Bailin declared. “The Thiel agency wanted me to g0 to Russia after literature but I refused and quit.” Bailin asserted. “Soon after that, in a conversation with William J. Burns, he told me to atick with the Burns agency. “It Mr. Harding ts elected presi Gent I will be head of the depart ment of justice and if Cox is chosen Myers will get the job,’ Burns de- clared.” Bajlin said he would produce let- ters from officials of at least one agency urging him to preach vio- lence. eee NEW YORK. Feb. 13—Albert Ballin, who testified today In Chica- go that the Burns Detective Agency rent him out to try to connect the “Knights of the Red Star” with red organizations, is one of the most ac- tive members of the L W. W. and the communist party, according to Raymond J. Burns. “It was from Pailin,” Burne said, “that I first heard of the Knights of the Red Star. He sald he could get us the membership list of the organi- zation, which was in the hands of ‘Big Bil’ Hayward. We became sus- pictous and had him under surveil- lance during the entire three months that he worked for us. We found him to be a red of the worst kind. “He is now under indictment In the federal court here in New York, charged with theratening thru the mails to blow up the Woolworth building. He made that threat at the request of the I. W. W., we discov. ered. He is a cigar cutter by trade, “The I. W. W. tried to plant him in our organization, and that’s the whole story. Now he'll try to show that we were planting red literature, when, as a matetr of fact, he was imagining red organizations himself. “He's clever. When he threatened to blow up the Woolworth bullding, | he wrote the letter on a typewriter belonging to another detective agen- cy here in New York. and told the grand jury that the agency had or- dered him to write it. They com- pared the writing, and it tallied. We found out that as a matter of fact the letter was originally written by him In the Rand school. And he was indicted. That was in 1922.” Farrar Testifies : . * in Divorce Suit NEW YORK, Feb. 13—Geraldine Farrar testified yesterday in her di- vorce sult against Lou Tellegen, Her testimony was brief and to the effect that she never condoned any of the offenses which her complaint alleges Tellegen committed. ‘The complaint has never been made public, Mins Farrar wan escorted by hor lawyer and by a private detective when she arrived at the office of Ret- ree Thomas H. Mahoney. sho bid her face behind the high collar of her chinchilla coat to fol! the newspaper and movie photographers. Immediately after her testimony, which was all of a technieal nature, Including the date and place of hor murrlage—Febraary §, 1916, in New York-—-she hurried away with her bodyguard. Hearings will be re- wumed Wednesday, Py WORK TO FILL _ CABINET POST | Will Succeed Fall as Secre- | tary of Interior | Harry S. New WASHINGTO! dent Harding hai to name mas Work as secre. tary of the interior, succeeding Al bert B. Fall, it was learned authori. tatively after the cabinet meeting today, Senator Harry will be named to succeed Work Pressure Is being brought to bear on the president to make the ap-| pointments soon in order that both men may be ready to take their Places on March 4, the date of Fall's retirement, and the formal announcement of both selections is expected to be made shortly from the White House. LOCKS ALGUIN IN JAIL CELL LOS ANGELES, Cal, Feb. 13—- “Little Phil" Alguin, accused slayer of Detective Sergeant John J. Fitz- gerald, was In jail here today, thus culminating an vncecding search of more than a year and a half. The steel doors were clanged on him by Chief of Police Oaks last night. Oaks and other officers | brought him from Freeport, Texas, | where he was landed after deporta tion by the Mexican government. Mrs. Catherine Uribe, former Fol-| les dancer, was & member of the party returning last night. She was awaiting today the release of her husband and brother-in-law, | Herbert and Fernando Uribe, from | Jail here. They are charged with stealing an automobile. She also plans to get back the $10,000 worth of diamonds she put up an bail. KIDNAPING OF NUN PROBED FREDERICK, Md4., Feb. 13.—Po- lice today began an Investigation of the kidnaping of Sister Cecilia, nun at Notre Dame school here, who was chloroformed and aboucted yes- terday. The sister, following her expert- ence, is in the care of physicians at the school. Police officers early today sought to question her, but were Informed her condition was such that the In- terrogation would have to be de- ferred. Jap Envoy Asks “Fairness” of U. S. SAN FRANCISCO, Feb. 13—M. Hannihara, newly named Japaneso ambassador to Washington, was to leave for the nation’s capital today to take up his new office. Hanthara, speaking at a dinner at which he and Charles B. Warren, re- turning American ambassador to Tokyo, were guests of honor, voiced a plea for “fairness” last night. ‘All that we want is to be accorded the same fair treatment you accord to other people,” he declared. ‘Warren dwelt upon the showing of good faith made by Japan in with- drawing ita troops from China and Siberia. Bethel Named as Advocate General WASHINGTON, Feb, 13.—Prest- dent Harding yesterday sent to the senate the following nominations: Col, Walter Augustus Bethel, to be Judge advocate general of the army with rank of major general, Peter G. Johnston of Idaho, to be registrar of the land office at Black- foot, Idaho. Ezra T. Monson of Idaho, to be recelver of public money at Black- foot, Idaho. Short Circuit Is Cause of Blaze cireult in wiring was blamed Tuesday by fire department officials for blaze which $200 damage to the Barton packing plant, at Highth ave, 8, and Spokane #t, late Monday, 13.—Preat- New of Indiana! postmaster general] A. short wuned ge int 2 | dead body of the major in his arms THE SEATTLE STAR HERE’S MORE ABOUT ROSENBLUTH STARTS ON PAGE 1 | | ed & battalion of his regt | captain ment on maneuve Ma. Cronk hite allotted the field problema and | criticized their execution. It is said | that during the course of the morn Ing Cronkhite told Rosenbluth that had they been on a battlefield Ros bluth's entire command would have been lost thru poor leudershiy At noon Rosenbluth led the major a little frequented portion of the | mp, recommending It as a halting place for lunch. ‘They were followed by Seret. Bugler Roland R. Pothier, The trio had no sooner been loat to sight of the battalion when four shots rang out. When the soldiers erashed thru the bushes they discov ered Capt. Rosenbluth holding the Rosenbluth testified that Cronkhite shot himself while shooting at a tin can. The major’s uniform had been burned so powder stains could not te found to determine the truth of this statement Rosenbluth and Pothier were clear ed by the military court and both left the service, Months later the dead officer's futher demanded an. other tnvestigation and the body w exhumed. Prof. Otto F. Schultee of ornell examined it and ared that |the wound could not have been self | inflicted. Pothier was arrested and claimed jhe shot the major on orders from | Rosenbluth, saying, “It was war! ime, My captain told me to shoot jthe major, In the army you obey] | orders," Rosenbluth on his return from was arrested in New York New York financlery of Rosen. bluth’s mee obtatned his release on $25,000 bail and he offered to go to Tuooma t; face trial. Since that time, however, he has fought ex-| tradition, He. was premeditated murder On October 1%, 1922, a federnt rand jury in Tacoma returned an indictment of murder againat Rosen. bluth, after examining more than 70 witnemes called from all parte of the country. Rosenbluth did not | jattend the probe but his depositions | were taken in New York Now that the federal charge han jbeen disminsed and the Perce county courts will not bring Rosen- bluth to trial, It will probebly never be known how Major Cronkhit met his death, more than four years ago, 120 DEAD IN MINE WREC DAWSON, N. M. Feb. 13—~The last of the 120 dead in the Dawson | mine disaster are expected to be removed before noon today. Ata late hour last night 106 bodies had been taken from the wrecked shaft of the mine. Only two of the 122 miners en-| tombed by the blast Thursday es- caped alive. They walked out of the tunnel after awaiting 16 hours for fresh air to be pumped to them. Officials of the Phelps-Dodge cor- poration, owners of the mine, said) it would be several months before| the property could be put tn work- able condition, Harding to Call Governors Again WASHINGTON, Feb. 13—Presi-| dent Harding will call another con- ference of kovernors to consider ways and means for strengthening prohl- bition enforcement thruout the coun- try as soon ax the new governors | have straightened out thelr affairs, | It was sald at the White House. | No date has yet been set for thia| conference, which is to take up in| further detail the suggestions made at the dinner given by Preatdent Harding to 16 governors last Decem- charged with | ROSENBLUTH Capt. Robert Rosenbluth, | Tuesday of charges that he murdered Maj, Alexander} Cronkhite at Camp Lewis in October, 1918. County Office ‘TARTS ON PAGE 1 Hable sources, from many of the Tory members| Dloyers do the same?” the] Illinois; Bestor Montaya, New Mex- The Turks are reported to have| who supported him in the last par-| *peaker, ico; Sherman Burroughs, New $50,000 by curtailing use of automo.|>Token the Mudanta armistice pact|Hament, and will have p y of] Short pointed out that in Washing-| Hampshire, and Samuel Marx, New biles and consolidating county de-|*94 to have concentrated 35,000| opportunity to use the invective ora-|ton the lowest compensation rate in| York. partments. troope in Eastern Thrace, where] tory for which he is famous | the entire country 1s paid by employ. | ————_—_—_———_— 1 am always for economy, but 1] are arming $,000 Bulgarian] Disputing with Lioyd George for ers, He snowed chats mine lena os ’ ” do not want to sacrifice good sound) #*ndarmes, war| Permanent position ax chief op-| hand in Washington: industry" tel Hell’s Half Acre buniness sense and practice to do so."| _Movernent of munitions and war| ponent of the government, Is Ram.| ror 0 76 tion. Fs ie Dardanelles is reported in|liamentary labor party, who spent) “We want an increase of 25 per WASHIN IN, Feb. 13-—Hell's A resolution reorganizing tho de-| dispatches from Greek sources in| the recess energetically building up|. \Ve want an increase of 26 Ber! siair acre” iy going to be converted partment of public health ad elimi.| Which the Ottoman situation is de-|his party machinery for deter |‘tven then we mould be Mee SROFt- | into a public park. A bill making Rating several visiting nurses, to ef. | *ribed an feverish. mined bid to establish labor's mu-| | oven then ive would be far below |tnis possible has been favorably fee fect & saving of $10,000 annually| TB€ Soviet government {s vari-| premacy. catenin Bald by employers of other! ported to the senate and Wkely will was Introduced and will be acted|UlY reported to have landed im-| All parties held final caucuses last | ates. be enacted before congress adjourns. upon later, Portant stores of munitions on the| night, preparing campaigns that] The labor president showed that a8| «eis Half Acre” is located In James T. Lawler, speaking in| stern coast of Thrace for use by| were launched immediately after the | Wes of workmen increased during | wetrong county, Wyoming. The lands favor. O6 .Puaee warren resciation.| ho Terk formal opening. the world war, they paid in @ CoF-| comprise a sort of wonderland of mae maid that the public believes there | are hundreds of useless employes on| Ebert Seeks to Arouse Germans the county payroll and challenged the board to bring counter proof to change “public psychology,” when| pinned down by Gaines to point them out, A checkup of all county offi Tuesday revealed that the only office | which does not open at § a, m, and| m nth 6 p.m. is the| trance’ win ries 2—Labor will urge @ capital levy. | bill 89, regarding the control of dance tomas. asnosetors cintion i Dae herp Ah ome nad ier’? 0] 3—Unemployment, with a million| halls outside the limite of cities, and cutor Douglas also closes his office!” Ebert called ami Pine “world’s | 2N4 half out of work, will give the| also favored senate bill No. 88, which Saturday afternoons. ence” to protest against the | MF Opposition a strong talking |deals with physical examinations for When asked as to his conduct of the office, and Paul's criticinma, which apparently were leveled at him, Douglas laughed. “1 don't care to comment on any: thing Mr. Paul may have raid,” Douglas asnerted. “I do know my men frequently are found at their denks ax inte an 10 and 12 p. m., and if they choore to follow the hours that are in vogue In practically every law office in Seattle I will not Inter. fere, Everyone knows that lawyers frequently must work far into the night on cases.” STORM WRECKS BOOZE RUNNER The speed boat M817, believed by local customs authorities to be a booze runner, foundered in the vio- lent storm which swept Discovery bay Sunday night and went aground at Becket point. ‘The craft has 260 horsepower en- gines and ts built for speed. It ts be! Neved by coast guard officers that the craft-went aground in the gnie the and that the crew transferred the cargo ashore and abandoned the ship. Her riding Hght wae burning when he wag tiscovered by the deputy col- lector of customavat Port Townsend. Lobby Lollera, Altho only two dayn old, Tongue- twister Contest No. 3 is already a husky child. Scores of T. T.’s are pouring In on the editor and Indica- tions point to a hard fight for the $25 prize, Entries this week must contain the words “Lobby, Legislative, Laws.” Every word, of couri®, must begin with the letter “I.” For instance, here in how Ruth Mindenhall, 1021 Pine st, arranges her tongue-twister: “Lobby Lolters Loathe Lawn Lack- ing Legislative Lucre.” ‘Tongue-twisters must arrive in this office before Saturday noon, Don't delay. More than 100 entries had to be thrown away last week because they didn’t arrive in time, Each week of the contest haa also seen a score or more tongue-twisters thrown into the waste basket because sufficient postage was not attached to the letter. Here are nome pointers about writ- ting a tongue-twister. Don't merely write a number of unpronounceable words—a sentence 1s supposed to con- vey n definite thought. Don’t think that the longer a word 1n the more difficult It Is to say. One of the best T. T.'s ever written fa, “Peter Piper Picked a Pecked et Pickled Poppers.” All simple words, but the combination makes them dif- floult to pronounce, Tenr this out. day noon, February 17, must be used: Legislative, Lobby, be used In any order desired. AMATO. seeseereesees City... ‘Lobby Lollers Loathe Laws Lacking Lucre’’ That’s The First Tongue-Twister This Week | Where Is Yours? TONGUE-TWISTER NO. 3 Fin tn the missing wordn, the “Tongue-Twister Editor," The Star, before Satur Start this week'n tongue-twister with the letter ‘L." The following rules govern The Star's tongue-twieting contest: This contest ts open to every: » one—except Star employes) and thelr families, and the employes of other newspapers. Every week The Star will ¢ print a tongue-twister, The coming week contestants must start each word with the letter “L” and the completed sentence must contain | the words “Logislative, Lobby, Laws.” These three worts may be used in any order destred. A cash prize of $25 will be paid to the bent tongue-twister submitted during the week. All tongue-twisters must be » Original. Neatness will count. Originality will count. Timeliness whl count. No tongue-twister te barred because It Is amuning. All tongue-twisters submitted » during the week must reach this office not later than Saturday noon. The winner each week will be announced the following Monday The Tongue-twister Editor will @ be bole judge of the contest. To compete, merely fill In the # accompanying blank — ono word to each blank space. Each word must start with the letter “L,” Vach tongue-twister must contain the three words: “Legisiative, Lob. by, Laws.” Send your completed tongue. «twister to “Tongue-Twister Editor,” THE STAR. Tongue-twist- ere must conalat of only seven words, Bend to Three words Laws. These words, however, can e HERE'S MORE ABOUT EUROPE STARTS ON PAGE 1 activities were 1 |this afternoon, apparently from re BADE | A report from Strasburg today said |that a convey of police, recruited from all parts of Alsace, to the Ruhr . Kemal, Ottoman eneralissimo, had | tre, recently rebuked the Turk comman- | jer at Smyrna for threatening to fire | on allied craft in the harbor. The Daily Express says it is “ot- who was freed in New York | “'ally ultimatum wan sent to Parts, whenc it will be forwarded to London. REPORT TURKS |. Feb. 18, of Germany, keeping territory forbidden to German cab- inet ministers and high offictals by the French, made a second fighting mpecch last night in which he declared | "2 Ruhr and Baden invasions, which he characterized as unjustifiable on the pretext that Germany was negligent in the matter of coal deliveries or had stopped a couple of trains. PARLIAMENT | na! IN SESSION LONDON, Feb. Parliament was opened today with | e reading of the from the throne and much of th traditional ceremony, such as pearch- ing the cellars for a modern Guy Fawkes, which perennially charac SCOLDS |, haw moved | Vicious in Nation | KEMAI “Employers in the lumber and log-| Short declared while speak'ng on the BY W. H. PORTERFIELD 4h ng industries of this state are the | activities aberman who, he said,| WASHINGTON, Feb, 1%,—This SMYRNA CHIEF most us wet in the country.” aaid| are attempting to stop passage | 67th congress has broken all records ol J 41° | William Short, president of the State | of increased compensetion bills in the| for casualtien LONDON, Feb. 18—Bull without | Federation of Labor, before the King| house and senate at Olympia ||, Mishteen members of the house aid official advices from Angora that a|County Women's Legislative federa-| Short dwelt at length on the objec-| four nenators “died in the harnems/ second ultimatum demanding with-| ton Monday at the ¥. W. C. A tions to the Clifford bill, now before | to use the vernacular of the eapitol, drawal of all allied warships from| “They are trafficking in lives,”|the senate. Altho it would increase | since congress went into session two Smyrna harbor had been issued, the | —————— —————— | pensions of widows and orphans to a| years ago. | British government indicated thru a the reconvening of the two|ttt#in extent, it is far from com-| Three of the four senators were semi-offictal spokesman that no at mvening of th plete, and would not materially ben-|from one state, Pennsylvania, ‘They tention would be paid to such an efit the families of injured and killed| were Boles Penrose, Philander G: order, should it be received roblems, foreign 84) workmen, he said. ox and Willtam G. Crow. The late 0 . e ronting the legislators, "It cont o lumber indust: | ter’s iliness prevented him from ae- Matters seemed a little more hope: pragtied t costs the lumber industry $76) ful following reports that Mustapha easure wome of th8) to Kill and bury « single man who in| tually functioning as « senator, more elaborate featu i that some played in the camps,” said Short.| The fourth senate casualty was ~ 4 mark parilament’s opening. We intend to do our sh in get-| Tom Watson, of Georgia, the fighting Uurkey, the Ruhr and Ireland af] ing increased compensation ‘for| firebrand of the democratic side. & few of the localities that hold| UM The ist of members of the house potential trouble for Bo L fe] wnele men as well as these who are poten: tn a fer nar W's married m5 who have passed on since this con- re vernment in stormy seasions o! oma was convened includ 2 informed” that @ three-day |thy commons junt alread The npeaker pointed out that labor. | Fin wan convened includes ted fe The labor party, “his majenty’n|!D® men were fighting for ® PrAC’| hauser, Michigan; William E, (Billy) oppe ition,” |for foreign police | quite at varianc | government. which will be with those of the| mittee on industrial ot a" é and John 1 lan, California; J. 2 MASS TROOPS) , te. 2rcsent searion of partiament| (reasiae the compensation of work-lKunio Kalantanhole, Hawallan Tae Rs 53 S will see David Lioyd George, former|")°% And the senate committee 18) 1andy; Lucius W. Parrish, Texas; HERE’S MORE ABOUT ATHENS, Feb, 11.—Alarming re-| premier, inaugurate hia attempt to|2P0Ut on the same footing. Samuel M. Brinson, North Carolina; ports concerning Turkish military) “come back “The courts grant high compensa-|M. P. Kincaid, Kansas; Len BP, Th eived in Athens on . Domestic problems which confront the government include: 1—The budget, which will be of- fered by Stanley Baldwin, Bonar Law came into office on a tax reduction platform, but funding of the debt to America necessitates increases which are not likely to reflect credit | upon the government in eyes of tax, | payers huge fund developed, President Ebert rully out of them subste: The members of | point. Recognition of Russia, withdrawal from the Rhine, renunciation of German reparations and peace with Turkey are some of the foreign planks which Ramsay MacDonald and his followers will urge, Germans Flogged, Says Essen Report ESKEN, Feb. 12.—French officers flogged German guests at the Han- delshoft hotel with riding whips Inst night, according to a German version of a disturbance in which bayonets and machine guns were brought into play against civilians here, 13.—The British | King’s speech antic coast. It takes a good coal to brin BELLING. Dollar.” that’s better and better day Bellingham miners work deeper less residue. Not only is BELLINGHAM su efficiently operated. Seventy-five leading Seattle fuel dealers are recommending Bellingham Coal, Order it from any of them or ‘phone BELLINGHAM COAL MINES Seaboard Building Elliott 6017 ELLINGHAM O / “MORE HEAT PER DOLLAR” Labor Leader Bitterly Scores State Lumbermen| CONGRESS OUT Short Declares Lumber Employers Are Most ¢7tp Congress Breaks Rec- eady with proponals| eally hopeless cause, due to the fact that three-fourths of the house com: insurance against the passage of any law in: little Welshman will be over| tion to relatives of killed or injured the opponite side of the house|Workmen, why should not the em: responding increase in premiums to the employers. The employers did not increase their payments, and a according to Short. With this fund the large com- panies paid thelr proportion of the premiums, and incidentally decreased ¥, sald the speaker. the federation went on record as sponsoring senate persons about to be married. The women will send a statement of protest to Olympia In regard to senate bill No. 40, which would create & racing commission in the state. Lumber Trade Plans Heavy Shipments Twenty-one vessels are scheduled to load a total of 43,800,000 feet of lumber in the ports of Puget sound, Grays Harbor and British Columbia in the immediate future. They are consigned to California, Australia, South America, Hawall and the At- f up your heat and bring down your fuel cos 1 —with “More Heat Per The oldest mine in qV aehington is producing coal y day. Every day the coal veins that carry more and more B.T.U.’s—more heat energy— rior coal but it costs you less because the mine is better situated, easier to work— more 22 MEMBERS OF | | ord for Casualties | Mason, Ilinois; R. A. James and | Henry D, Flood, Virginia; Samuel M, ‘Taylor, Arkansas; John A. Elston Padgett, Tennessee; Charles R. Con~ nell, Pennsylvania; James R. Mann, ture’s geological freaks. Located near the Yellowstone highway, they appear as an tmmense bowl with beautifully colored sides. It is value= less except for its picturesque scen= | ery. The state of Wyoming wants to make it a park and because it is public lands, the state will exchange a milar amount of fillable lands | with the government, 5 Diva Enters Home by Rear Entrance — CHICAGO, Feb, 13—Ganna Wals- ka, Polish opera star, and bride of — Harold F. McCormick, came home thru the back door late last night. The singer, whose marriage to Me- Cormick in Paris is not recognized — under the Ilinols law, Mt took place within a year after the divorces of the harvester king, arrived in Chi- cago secretly. She was driven to the home of McCormick's mother in Lake Forest and the back drive used in an attempt to avold newspaper men | waiting at the front gate. =, Many reports were circulated that: the McCormicks will be remarried — during thelr stay in Chicago in order to come under the Illinois law, That’s L