The Seattle Star Newspaper, July 25, 1919, Page 13

\ * * EDITOR'S NOTE—This article on Britain solved ite menaging fapltal-labor problem, and what les- ns America may learn, is written by one of the best-informed English- in America today. Mr, Dilnot many years has been in close with the leaders of the Brit- Ish movement, was the editor of the in BY FRANK DILNOT ‘An industrial parliament, composed of representatives of capital and la- ‘bor, to lay down fundamental prin- ciples upon which employers and em- can solve the grave problems tt confront America today, seems to me as an Englishman somewhat familiar with industrial conditions in in and how British labon and ital solved the problem of get-to- her, to be the obvious answer to suggestion of President Wilson his message to congress calling at- ention to the necessity for co-opera- tion on the industrial field. Jud from what has happened in Britain, the danger of the situa there, and the efficacy with it has been met, it seems to ;fhat nothing but good can. result 7 m such @ gathering as Basil M. “Manly, joint chairman of the war labor board, has already suggested. ‘America, in less imminent danger dissatisfied labor than war-en- | feebled Europe, nevertheless faces | future difficulties in regard to its workers even wider and deeper. | There will be no complacency nor "stolid endurance here for what is felt “to be industrial injustice. But it is not only to avert internal difficulty that America should confront the sit- This country is to be the by war. ; Bocsation but an tncrease of effi- ciency among all classes of the peo- "ple. Contentment and prosperity are Necessary. Moreover, the United States should stand in the forefront as a model for all nations in the equitable settlement of difficulties between employers and employed. ‘What is the meeting point between capitalists and workers? ‘That is go- country, now that war is over. mot a matter that permits of half measures. WILSON SHOULD GUIDE INDUSTRIAL CONFERENCE The obvious initial action, I think, should be in the direction recently taken by Britain—the calling togeth- er of representatives of capital and jabor with the head of the Amefican government presiding, guiding their deliberations, In my opinion Presi- dent Wilson should preside in person er such a conference in Washing- bn as soon as possible. There is no time for delay. In Britain a war-worn people, har- assed by high prices, short of food, deprived of most of the little com- forts of life, became not only restive but rebellious. Strikes broke out not only in one industry or in one place, but in different occupations and in practically all parts of the country. Fortunately there was at the head of the nation a bold man, in the per- son of the prime minister, Lloyd George. He grasped the mettle with both hands, He called a national conference of employers and em- ployed. The meeting came together in London, hundreds of employers and hundreds of workers’ delegates from all parts of the country, It was a dramatic gathering and began with a hostile challenging speech from Mr. Brownlie, the secretary of the engi- Swe are not going back to the old conditions,” he erled fierce! ‘phe spirit In which the prime min| from the fact that when Mr. Clynes, ‘a labor leader, asked for fair play for members of the government before judgment was pronounced upon them and added: “If you find they don’t fulfil their promises give them notice to quit,” Lloyd George nodded his o be the big question for this os It is| struggling to avert a great national ter sat and listened can be judged | | NITED STATES sen- ator from Illinois, one of the owners and at one time publisher of the Chicago ‘Tribune, is one of the most prominent stna- torial opponents of the League of Na- tions as proposed by the peace con- ference in Paris. He saw more of the various fronts and the allied pow- ers during the war than did any other member of con- gress. BRITISH LABOR MAN | FAVORS MANLY PLAN Conference Idea |, Wins His Approval | *» | SRANIC DILNOTZ ~o head. “Certainly,” he said, “and they will deserve it.” Late in the meeting Lloyd George made a speech, fervid in tone, on be- half of all the people of the country. Out of the conference came a corm- | mittee of employers and workers, | men and women, to decide on hours, | wages and conditions, on unemploy- | ment and on the best method of pro- | moting co-operation between labor and capital, When the committee met Lloyd George presided over it and sides, “The people are looking to you to save the state and I want you to feel that you are here trustees for the | whole country, for the millions of | working people, for the employers, | and those whom you would not class- | ity strictly in either category, | who are all at any rate part of this great land.” Even with these ameliorating in- |fluences at work there was hard | disaster resulting from labor's discon- | tent. The power of organized labor jis greater in Britain than in any |other country, It was exemplified | by the combination of the mining in. dustry, the railway men and the | transport workers—known as the triple alliance, A strike of these three bodies numering round about a mil- lion and a half would have paralyzed Britain from end to end. This labor parliament is the out standing feature in the life of Britain today. Its functions were clearly set forth in the words of Lloyd George: “There must be a limit both ways and what you want is to find where the legitimate boundary is. That is the case with wages and with hours of labor.” He fiercely preached the gospel of common humanity. “Civili- zation, unless we try to save it, and save it together, may be precipitated and shattered into atoms.” SENATE TO GET FRANCE TREATY Wilson to Present Defensive Agreement After Tour WASHINGTON, July 25.—Presi- dent Wilson plants to present the Anglo-French- American defensive finished his speaking tour for the league of nations, it was stated at the White House today. The president is preparing an ad- dress tg be delivered when the pact is presented, it was said, | talked with straight words to. both | but} agreement to the senate after he has | ‘ce SEA {_ sean | The Seattle Sta I'TLE, WASH., FRIDAY, JULY ary 25, 1919. Yes,” Says Hitchcock, and “No,” Says McCormick; Former Newspaper Publishers, Now Prominent in Affairs at Cap- ital, Talk for and Against Pact Proposed by President. The Star presents today the opening of a remarkable and important joint debate between senatorial leaders on both sides of the League of tions question that is now agitating the country. On the eve of President Wilson’s proposed swing about the country, Senator McCormick, for the opposition, and Senator Hitchcock, for the administration—both newspapermen, by the way—have prepared these striking arguments on the league. Other joint debates by Senators McCormick and Hitch- cock will be printed in The Star. By the Hon. Medill McCormick Senator from Illinois, and Leader of the Fight Against the League of Nations HE TREATY OF PEACE IS—A PROMISE OF WAR. The ter is not a guarantee of fu |their new-won borders. \exit, If we go into the trap now without providing for an| it will be our own fault. The 14 points have been itorial terms in Europe and in Asia have made it that. The covenant of the league | Now ture security, justice and \peace, but a pledge that America shall take part in |the next war, even against her conscience and her, |judgment, to insure the victors in the possession of |after a war has been only a truce, and has been fol- jlowed by preparations for the next year. This peace treaty would be just like the others if it did blown to the four winds. Men and women in Europe and America who first supported the | senators The British Empire has been the principal winner of the peace, and America is made the “magniloquent dupe” of the world. The Phrase Maker of the King has completely bested the King of the Phrase Makers, | tricked the conquerors of Talleyrand, the great French diplomat, who in the Congress of Vienna apoleon, wrote that “words have been given to man for the purpose of concealing his thoughts.” who assembled in Paris and in Versailles have so phrased and so con-| The old world diplomats structed the treaty and the government of the league that both, and espe- cially the government, have a meaning dtfferent from that which at first | sight they seem to carry. The amendments, written nominally to meet | American criticism, are shams. The protection of our interest which the next. They do not do What they pretend to do, appears in one line is taken away in Questions like the Monroe Doctrine, the control of immigration and otHer domestic affairs, sovereignty over the Panama Canal, liability to war, and the right to withdraw from of the executive council, controlled b; the league, are ail placed in the hands y European powers. The sé¢nate cannot rewrite the treaty, but it can save America from the trap; it can protect America from the blunders and defeats of her own delegates to Paris and leave her free to decide, when the time comes, | whether she wants to conscript her sons to die in the defense of Japan | against China, in resolving the bickerings and quarrels of Europe, or in | guarding the far-spread tropic empires of France and Britain. | WILSON PROPOSED COURSE CONTRARY |TO HIS OWN WOR) | than to ratify the treaty submitted. |is the most important treaty in the Justified in refusing to seek for the prosecution of the war. “The initiative in foreign affairs, any restriction whatever, is virtually and prestige of the government are WHEN IN ANY CRITICAL | SPIRIT OF THE CONSTITUTIO | TIVE, not form befe e the se: e to be accepted while his plans are in cours | SERVICE TO HIM AND HI | VICE TO THEM, in order thi accommodation of views, instead of NFOR policy which has made rivals of the president and senate has shown itself | jin the president as often as in the senate, and if the constitution @id intend that the senate should in such matters be an executive council, IT 18 NOT | | ONLY THE PRIVILE \IT 18 ALSO HIS BE: | So wrote Woodrow Wilson. GE OF THE P! | science and their judgment tell them if they did npt qualify or amend the TIONS OF CONFIDENCE WITH THE SENATE 0) arrying his plans to completion and then there may be veritable counsel and a WRITTEN IN PAST The unreasoning qritics of the senate hold that it has no other duty They say that altho the peace treaty history of the world, the President is “the advice and consent” of the senate, as pre- |seribed by the constitution of the United States. I do not argue that Mr. Wilson has not the technical constitutional power to negotiate a treaty, hut I assert that his negotiation of a treaty without conference with senators is contrary to constitutional practice in the United States and in conflict with what he himself wrote before he was under the influence of the vast powers which the people surrendered to him which the President possesses without the power to contro! them absolutely. The president cannot conclude a treaty with a foreign power without the consent of the senate, but he may guide every step of diplomacy, and to guide diplomacy is to determine what treaties must be made, if the faith HE N to be maintained. > DIS: | CLOSE NO STEP OF NEGOTIATION UNTIL IT IS COMPLETE, AND MATTER IT 18 COMPLETED THE GOV. 2 T 18 VIRTUALLY COMMITTED. CLINATION, THE SENATE MAY FEEL ITSELF COMMITTED ALSO WHATEVER ITS DISIN: “But there is another course which the President may follow, and which one or two presidents of unusual political sagacity have followed, | with the satisfactory results that were to have been expected. ‘himself be less stiff and offish, MAY HIMSELF ACT IN THE TRUE He may ing them in final or rejected but KE) <MATION OF THE GREATEST SE R al The a final challenge and contest. RESIDENT TO TREAT IT AS SUCH, ST POLICY AND HIS PLAIN DUTY.” that the treaty promises another war, and the covenant, unqualified and unamended, would drag America into that war even against her will, they would be recreant to their sworn duty | covenant before they ratify it. KEPT PRISONER BY FRIEND WIFE He Gets Divorce; Is Found to Be Sane PORTLAND, July Wil liam Carroll, who was kept prisoner Ore., |four years by his wife, was given a | divorce in superior court here. | Carroll admitted that, owing to his |imprisonment, he did not know the | United States was at war with Ger. | }many until five months after war | was declared. | Se said hls imprisonment: totlowed lelosely upon an accident which tem porarily invalided him. His wife, he said, believed him incompetent, and was aided by their son in keeping | him prisoner. Carroll wag adjudged competent at a sanity hearing, prior to the divorce trial, He alleged cruel and inhuman treatment in the divor sult. He owes his freedom to a Masonic lodge, which conducted an investigation, He is over 60 years old, ON FOOD SALE House Committee Charges Army Half-Hearted WASHINGTON, July Recom mendation that the large stores of |surplus army food be plaged on the domestic market in the near future was made in the report of the house committee investigating quartermas- ter supplies, submitted yesterday. ‘The report charges the war de partment with making a half-hearted | effort to dispose of the stocks, and criticises the plan of making cities pay for their purchases within ten days, This has caused small sales, because injunctions against the city paying the money have been threat- ened in many places. Two Dead; Four Missing in Fir MANCHESTER, N., H., July ‘Two persons were dead and four oth: ers missing in a fire which destroyed two tenement houses early today, By the Hon. Gilbert M. Hitchcock Senator from Nebraska, and Leader ‘of the Fight for 'H the League of Nations ERETOFORE THE WORLD HAS BEEN OR- | GANIZED FOR WAR AND HAS HAD WAR. a united effort is being made to organize the nations for peace by establishing the League of Na- tions. Heretofore each of the peace treaties signed |not include the provisions establishing the league of nations. |Almost before the ink is dry on the treaty each nation! |covenant of the league and denounced the remonstrant sen-| Would begin again to develop its military and naval powers} ators, now are as bitterly opposed to the treaty as any | for the next conflict. The only way to end thi: | or to tyrranize. levy It has none of the ent existence. |these promises are kept, there will taxes will be reduced while each government can devote its energies to improving the conditions of life and developing the resources of its country. The document, which may be called the constitution of the league, when first agreed upon by the representatives of 14 nations, embracing one thou- [sand million people, was made public aobut the middle of February and | published all over the world for examination and criticism. Then it was Various amendments that had been suggested were ac- cepted, and finally the revised document was adopted by the peace confer- ence, about the end of April, and became the first article of the treaty of peace which has been signed by Germany and 30 other nations, including All that now remains to be done is to have the various | governments ratify this treaty, and then the league of nations will be in jagain considered. | the United States. working order. In our country the U. S. senate two-thirds vote is necessary. remove the fears of people in this league failed in its purpose. bership to all nations, large as well great and advanced nations like the | and advanced nation. | to by providing that the league shall it operates, One is the assembly. Britain, France, Italy and Japan. | affairs of the league, | bers of the council war are permanent members assembly. They may join as soon as she has made it | The purpose of the league is to ‘ |{n maintaining peace and establishing international law and justice. | Senators, like the president, are elected by the people of the United! that end each member agrees that if it hy States; they are upon oath; they have a duty to discharge, and if their con | ber which diplomacy |can not properly be passed on by the | and should not be considered, Tt is not a super-nation, as some have charged, with power to destroy | taxes, raise armies or build navies. between nations, each of which retains its sovereign powers and independ- These nations make certain promises to each other. ANY NATION JOINING THE LEAGUE NOW CAN LATER RETIRE ON TWO YEARS’ NOTICE Any nation ratifying the treaty and joining the league can in the future | | retire from the league on two years’ notice, might find by experience that’ membership was not desirable or that the One of the difficulties in organizing the league was how to give a mem- A league could not last long or accomplish much if so organized that a small or backward country were given as much direction in it as a great Nevertheless each member, small and weak as well | as large and powerful, must have a voice and a vote. | ‘To meet this difficulty a very ingenious and effective plan was agreed | Every member of the league is a mem- jber of the assembly and has one vote. council, in which only nine nations can be members. Five of these mem- bers are permanent and cannot be changed, namely the United States, Great | chosen by the members of the assembly from time to time. | In some respects the assembly is like the stockholders in a corpora- | tion, while the council of nine is like the board of directors. ND ESTABLISH INTIMATE RELA- | holders, the assembly only meets on rare occasions, say once a year, while S OWN INITIA-| the council of nine will meet frequently and decide and conduct most of the The stockholders, PING HIMSELF | stock they own, but in the assembly each member only has one vote. Again IN CONFIDENTIAL COMMUNICATION with the leaders of the senate | there is this difference—the stockholders in a corporation elect all of the! WHEN THEIR ADVICE WILL BE OF | directors, while the assembly only has power to elect four of the nine mem- | while the five gre All nations that maintain law and order and keep their international agreements are eligible to membership and are invited to join faith the treaty of peace and perform her obligations. as not been able t | to arbitration by a court or to an inquiry by the council if the question is one which can properly be determined by the league. is for the nations to form an organiza- | tion the purpose of which is to avoid war, war preparations, war taxes | and war miseries. This organization we call the league of nations. It can not! | It is a covenant or agreement functions of government. If not only be no war, but armies and has the power of ratification, and a/ This provision was inserted to country and in others that a nation as small, and yet to arrange for the United States to have the leadership. have two organs or bodies thru which The other organ or body is the The other four member nations are Like the stock- however, vote according to the at nations that fought and won this are, of course, also members of the Germany plain that she will carry out in good bring about a co-operation of nations To as a dispute with any other mem- adjust it will submit the dispute Certain questions league. These questions are excepred WANTS ACTION BRITAIN WILL BRITISH PEERS FIGHT REVOLT | jade |Law Tells Commons Gov- | ernment Is Prepared LONDON, July Great Britain will use her whole force to combat any attempt to overthrow organized government, ndrew Bonar aw spokesman for the government, clared in the Mouse of commons yes terday. “The government is said, “that there are a number people, happily not a large number, who are aiming at the destruction of the whole social and political sys- tem, ‘They are engaged in foment ing discontent.” Bonar Law said the government would employ its whole force against undue pressure of any kind which these people might attempt in striv ing for their aims. aware,” he of Doctors can induce a woman to take any kind of medicine by telling her it will clear her complexion. eS HE Ree if aiid | RATIFY TREATY |House of Lords Also Ap- | proves Alliance Pact | aE | LONDON, July 24.—The house of | lords last night approved the German | od treaty | The house of commons had previ | ously ratified the treaty. The house of lords also passed a bill endorsing the alliance between England, France and the United| States for the defense of France, in case of future aggression by Ger- | many. De Martino Italy Envoy to Germany ROME, Jul ~(Delayed.)—Giaco- mo De Martino, director-general of the foreign office, was named Italian | ambassador to Germany today. Prince Alliata Villa-Franca was ap- pointed counsellor to the Italian em- hassy in Washington. r Pages 13 ‘SHOULD WE JOIN LEAGUE OF NATIONS? } SENATE LEADERS DEBATE FOR THE STAR »| Medill McCormick Gilbert M. N I E D STATES sen- ator from Nebras- ka, publisher of the Omaha_ World- Herald, is ranking democratic member of the senate for- eign relations com- mittee and was its chairman during the democrats’ con- trol of the senate. He is leading the fight on the floor of the senate for rati- fication of the peace treaty and the league covenant. er : U. $. MAIL WASHINGTON, July 25.—The postal aviator flying from Wash- ington today left Washington about 11 o'clock, 30 minutes be hind schedule, postoffice officials announced, Officials also said the plane from Chicago to Cleveland would leave on time. The department was awaiting definite word from Mineola be- fore admitting that the aerial mall could not be brought to Washington. NEW YORK, July 25.—(United Press.)—The first aviators’ strike began here today when none of the aerial mail pilots appeared at Belmont Park, L. 1, to take out the Washington and Chicago mails, Twenty pilots employed in the aerial mail service had served notice on Otto Praeger, second assistant postmaster general, that unless two recently discharged pilots were rein- stated they would refuse to take the planes out this morning. The discharged men are Leon Smith and Hamilton Lee, who were relieved from duty after they refused to carry the New York-Washington mail Tuesday. They alleged the weather was bad and that the ma- chines furnished them were in dan. gerous condition. Tt is understood the postoffice de- partment contends the planes were safe and that weather conditions were good enough for scores of avia- tors to fly in this vicinity on the day in question. Say Machines Unsafe The pilots also have other griev- ances, alleging their machines are unsafe, that they have been refused necessary safety appliances and that ON STRIKE IN EAS | they are given the same pay as me- chanics who do not risk their lives. The aviators were confident their strike would tie up both the New York-Washington and New York- Bellefontaine-Cleveland and Chicago routes. The aviators, most of whom are former army fliers, asserted that since July 15, when a series of heavy rains began, there have been 15 acci dents, two of which resulted fatally for Pilot McCusker afd Pilot San- born, They said their present ma chines have a minimum speed of 100 miles an hour and “low visibility,” being “dangerous to both pilots and public.” They ask slower and more stable machines. WASHINGTON, July Postof- : today admitted that a mail aviators would prob: 3 na ti between New York and Washington until new pilots can be obtained. Assistant Postmaster General Prae- ger, in charge of the service, declared that the two pilots discharged would BRICK THROWS CAR OFF TRACK Skids Half Block on Paving; No One Hurt A Cowen Park street car jumped the tracks at Third ave, and Univer- sity st, at the height of the traffic rush Thursday night, skidded 150 feet down the avenue, sweeping the whole | west side of the street with the rear trucks against the curb and the front trucks on the track, yet it did not strike anyone or a single vehicle, the only damage being a broken window in the rear, The 10 passengers in the car were unhurt, according to Conductor A. Vanhooser, 3622 W. Oregon st. Motor- man L, C, Ganis, 167 E. Thomas st., was at the controller, A loose brick between the car tracks is thought to have caused the accident. up of the service | to 24 Hitchcock AVIATORS — not be taken back, and added @ when the mail aviators were to go up other aviators were t passengers for hire. The aviators, Praeger said, | take mail when the postoffice 4 ment has mail ready to go. OFFICER FLAYS — COURT-MARTI Major Caldwell Says Sy tem Is Unjust Hugh M. Caldwell, former poration counsel and for — last eight months assigned the judge advocate’s dep at Camp Lewis, told of faults of the miltary Thursday at the Young Republican club weekly h eon, Major Caldwell said that miscarriages of justice had undo jedly occurred in the army, but @ this same condition was to be in all civil courts. He pointed out the fact thatm “yellow” men and many who |slacker hearts were inducted ¥ ‘the army. These, he said, were det _ rimental to the morale of all thé soldiers they came in contact withy “These men, when convicted, given long sentences, but,” he ) serted, “it is not the intention jthe government to enforce the @m |tire sentence. In fact, any numbem |of these long term prisoners hav either had their sentences red or have been given their liberty,” Major Caldwell said that < of the old line army officers, He lost their perspective of hu having been in the army they had become distorted and FIND SHE TRIED "TO AID ESCAPE Jury Holds Ruth Phipps lg — Guilty of Charge Mrs. Ruth Phipps. charged with) jconspiring to aid William Tilghmam, Jr., alias F, B, Wilson, in his attempt to escape from the custody of @ deputy United States marshal om |May 9, was convicted by a jury iq | Federal Judge Neterer’s court Thurse day afternoon, Mrs. Elsie Winterbotham, co-dea fendant with Mrs, Phipps, was ae quitted. After the verdict was ane | nounced, Judge Neterer called Winterbotham to the stand, an@ urged her to bring up her children, a boy of 7 and a girl of 5, in a better — environment than in the past. j Mrs. Winterbotham's husband, @ discharged Canadian soldier, cam@ . into the court room in his working clothes just before the verdict wag read, Both women wept as the verdic® was read. They Kissed each othes again and again as the time for parte ing came. Mrs. Phipps was returned to the county jail to await sentences She is 20 years old. The case was prosecuted by Ase sistant United States District Attore ney R. J. Conway, of ‘Tacoma George Bright and John F. Breed were counsel for the women, ; ‘The sooner some men get married) the longer they have to repent,