The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, August 15, 1904, Page 7

THE S FRANCISCO CALL, MONDAY, AUGUST 15, 190 MILLING WHEAT IS EAGERLY SOUGHT a5 A NECESSITY FOR 'THIS STATE} Committee fleba.te Covers Wide Latitude. —— . Professors Give - Their Views Freely. Great interest is manifested through- ©ut California in the discussions and! the prospective action of the commit- | tee appointed by the California State | $3oard of Trade relative to the improve- | r(mm of milling wheat, that it may miegt the requirements of the flour makers of the State. The information t0 be derived from the investigation is ©f first importance to the wheat farm- ers of California, who naturally desire to retain for themselves the home mar- ket for milling supplies. That &ll the facts may be laid before the interested parties, who include a - large share of the rural population of California, a stenographic report of the proceedings of the first conference of the committee has been provided, through the courtedy of the California State Board of Trade. In this report | @re supplied many facts that will at- tract wide attention. Realizing the great interests involved in this topic, The Call this morning gives up room 1o wheat, that the widest possible pub- licity may be afforded for the good of 8§}l Cal a growers and of all others @ with them. WHAT SHAW REPORTS. In r uestion by Arthur manager of the California rd of Trade, a member of the ee to inquire about California Professor Shaw of the Univer- ¥ of Calit a made a statement of s views. M Briggs' question was a one and comprehended the es- points at issue. Professor Shaw part: e point is this wheat esponse to a g iggs om wheat, ty # 3 b We are importing a good r the strength of the flour. produce that wheat here it e the characteristics or select demanded for manufaciu: g the amount of d here, we want a suf- | for our requirements. be provided with- | can. In 1902 | s ¢ wheat, h b to the - was 605, | 52,0052 ot produced a large is'found necessary by her States large quan- h the bome flour rger | to meet their | Fur! ation the average to a certatn Qe- | to con- of open be demanded in this t hen, two very desira- fed with reference viz.: the de- which carries 1o varieties now a larger the intro- development of a modified system of | rough a osition of wheat can be to . anged seen anably prob- - a ave n accom- i notably the sugar >d_of procedure in has long been recog by selecting the euccessively and under t stock retaining the highest types fally this method deveioped from a plant er cent sugar to one cent. and, in our own igh as 20 per ce d, an 3 1t s ¥ in sugar it as a mother or seed beet. From Tic bects are then grown, and of seed beets is made on the gar content and shape. Special ve 2i50 been bred into fruits. PERIMENTS ABROAD. Mitnots has more recently demonstrated 2t the ofl content of corn could be Increased seiection and cultivatiot by at least one and 1 vhich added 5 cents to the did not stop there, but and showed that the same shed in the case of the al- of corn, which would add 000 to the feeding value of crop of that State. The result ha orn een that the State now supports more th gozen corn breeding stations on a large ale. besides several private breeding stations. hess have 1 nsely to the mgricult- weglth 0 condition holds t would or a similar it would ap- the gluten con- logous 10 the protein of ystem to that ily recog- > reason Why we ed wheat as well as d sugar beets end the same, edigreed cor . The matter of Ing an increase yield per acre is one w is, in @ measure, sepa- rom that proposed in the foregoing, and is closely ailled with it, and probably be approached to the best advantage by ing mew varietie introduction, and, best of all, by the development of varieties particularly adapted to the several eections of ‘the State, s it is not at all likely that the | the valley lands is the best 11 lands, nor that the dri and more sandy soils will produce the best results from the eame kind of wheat as the heavier sol The development and testing of entirely n jeties has been most thoroughly and eys- ematically undertaken by the experiment sta- tion of sota. - In this direction a very field work is required, but it to undertake it in this State ication of science and skill sescta &nd elsewhere in the middle SEED INTRODUCTION. As to what may be done In the tro@uction of new wseed, the speriment siation in inducin 1o use betier seed has resulted W an in- ! cresisgd average Yield per acre of Dot less th nl H the corn farm- three bushels, which means an increased reve. hould we, through these efforts, be able to increase the yield of wheat but a single bushel per_acre it would mean an increase of over 2.000,000 bushels with a valuation of mome- £ like $1.500,000, crease in value from the production of a wheat of higher gluten conjent, so much de- wired by the millers, which is the prime ob- Ject of these investigations, TUnder this head there are two points to be kept closely In mind, viz: that the investiga- .tions on corn rhowed that the ear of corn is approximately uniform throughout in chemical composition of its kernels, and that thers is & wide difference in the chemical composition of the different ears of same variety. These facts are essentiaily fne same for the c-:. “tion of individual beets. With this as & for work, the method f was to deter- mm:mvfll-‘mym oom of the #rain by analysing a number of the kernels, reserving the remainder of the kernels facts are essentially th same for the * from the same ear for seed de- ®ired. Tt becomes impossible by the snalysis of & large number of ears, to select for seed those ears which contain & per- centage of the desired element, in an -jeclated field to avoid cross and #row a crop under as good cultural conditionsg | ens the bren and makes the wheat dark. | it is a1 | whe | gathered, b | you hear that farmers lose in one HE inquiry recently begun by the State Board of Trade re- garding the steps to be taken to supply the proper quality and quantity of milling wheat required for the flour trade is s0 important as to warrant a report in some detail of the pro- ceedings of the committee appointed to conduct the investigation. The symposium of views given below clearly states the problem be- fore the California wheat rancher and suggests methods by which seed stock may be improved. It is evident that sincere and enthu- siastic co-operation, founded on the broadest scientific lines, will be required. What action may be taken as a result of the investigation is mot yet clearly defined, but the Legislature will doubtless be asked to aid in providing the means for experimental work to solve this problem of great commercial importance. Attention is here called to what was said at the first meeting of the committee in this city. as possible. From the seed thus produced an- other sampling s made as before, and those rs are selecied for seed which prove highest in percentage of the constituent it is desired to_increase. Without going into detail as to the methods emploved in selecting the seed and trying out the several varieties, be it sald that this line of work would demand the time of a special person who has had experience in such special cerealietic work. For such work it would either Le necessary for the university to do a inrge amourt of preliminary experimenting to overcome the difficulties which arise in such technical work, or at once to bring from Min- nesota or elsewhers a person who has already been over much of this preliminary ground, thereby gaining much time, TWO LINES OF WORK. It will be noted that there are two lines of work set forth here which are In themaelves distinet and yet very closely connected. When | | this matter was first suggested it was only conten plated to undertake the plan first out- | lined, viz: that of selection, as in the case of corn, on the basis of composition, and breeding in the desired characteristics in the matter of higher giuten, and only taking up such other work as might incidentally arise in the course of this primary investigation. For this purpose there was asked $1500 only, this to be distributed as follows: Five hundred dollars, | as goon as it was possible to raise it, to be used for equipment, and 3250 ennually for a period of four years. With this amount it would only be poseible to follow out the ginaily in mind. If. however, it is thought best to take up this line of investigation on a still more extended scale, and in such a manner as California usually attacks problems and include the work in cross-fertilizing, a considerably broader finan- cial scale would bave to be adopted, and, as already has been suggested by certain persons, it might be well to ask the Legisla ture for special assistance in this work which means so much to cur State. Horace Davis, speaking from the point of view of the practical flour miller, who supplied many interesting facts & few weeks ago, when the wheat topic was originally taken up by the California State Board of Trade, gave additional information in the course of the discussion before the commit- tee, Among his statements were the following: Dry land sowing furnishes the best wheat for glutinous contents. The wheat depends upon the moisture in the air and molsture in the soil together. Moisture In the air thick- Tur- key red milling wheat that we have was raised in Kansas. It is a winter wheat and is a favorite wheat in Kansas, and we have {m- ported a great deal of It has strong glu- tinous contents to fortify our California wheats, Having ed it. we have distributed more or less of it for seed. 1 can fully say that down at Paso Robles it has been a very suc- cessiul whe; One 1 tant question about all these ether the straw clasps the berry £h to keep it from threshing out. medern system of harvesting, after i to get very ripe, wheat often has for weeks and somctimes for months. Under to stan Dg northeast winds that sh the wheat out and throw it on the soils, so that the harvester comes along the head is the wheat is gone. Sometimes one-quarter to one-haif of the crop. Now they all tell me that the club wheat Is desirabie because it clasps the head strongly; the sheaf clasps the berry firmly. That is true in Ore- gon and in this State, to0. It is & matter of E£reat impertance to have wheat that does not thresh out. CHANGES IN One particular thing—the compoeiti corn plant has been & a system of careful scientific PLANTS. n of the tinctly changed under experiment. A | great deal can be accomplished by the intro- duction of new seeds. Find out what seeds are adapted to this State and to the different parts of the Stats and encourage the use of them. Mr. Steinbeck tells us that Turkey Red t has been very profitable near Stockton 4 that it is in great demand there for seed. 1 am told that the Turkey red wheat will grow on the adobe lands near Stockton, For one year at least it did not fall back at all. in gluten, which n Important fact—a distinct gain in inform- n. Valuable information from experi- ments was imparted by Mr. Steinbeck of San Joaquin County. He said that the Turkey red milling wheat that was imported from Kansas to be used as seed in California was tried by Mr. Mondan, who planted ten acres, sow- ing 980 pounds, The wheat was good and about three-quarters developed. It stood the dry weather and the heat better than the Australian and club wheat. The crop was better than the original seed in that it contained more gluten. The yield was eleven sacks per acre for eight acres. The wheat was better than the other wheats from a milling point of view. The wheat that increased in gluten was raised on heavy adobe land. The neighbors were anxious to get some of the seed and were going ahead extensively this season. There was little difference in the matter of threshing out between the Australian and Turkey red wheat. Mr. McMillan contributed information based on experiments. He reported that he had tried many different varieties of wheat that were a success in Sacra- mento County. From one pound of Fife seed he received ninety-five pounds. Tast year he received sixty- nine sacks of wheat from the sowing of one pound. There are six varietles of this wheat. A somewhat general discussion oc- curred, in which General Chipman, Horace Davis and others took part. Some of the statements made therein were as follows: GENERAL DISCUSSION. General Chipman—An investigation_recently made suggested the fact that the Liverpool markets were entirely satisfled with club wheat as now grown in this State, and that they wanted it because it has & superabund- ance of starch to mix with their strong wheats that they get there from other coun- tri and hence we must be very careful in our advice in future to farmers that we do not ask them to jump out of the frying-pan into the fire. Now there are one or two ob- servations that I wish to make right here. In the first place my hope is we will soon be free from the Liverpool market entirely. The development going on here in this western country and the expansion of our markets in the Orient will eliminate Liverpool in a very few years, It seems to me, and therefore that argument will not have the weight it would have if we were confined to the Liverpool market. Mr. Davis—For the last three years we #houid not have had one pound of wheat to ex- port it we had simply depended upon what this State had raised. We use for seed and feed and export flour 500,000 tons per annum. We have got to the end of our export. Sir. Fricdiander— The wheat that comes in In dependent upon it and that makes us depend- e Dasis—_w a the Li r. Davis—We are dependent upon v erpool market because Oregon and Washing- e, P oguccion 1o 8 or— uction % lated by the price, The reason it has been cut is on account of the price. Keep the price &3 it is to-day and the total production will be increased. General Chipman—It seems relatively the wheat will have higher prices according to the greater quantity of gluten, We should baye 1o be imoorting wheat to mix with It. Professor Shaw—We do not care to entirel; change its character. Y General to increase the quantity and improve aual- ity to supply the mills. gd Mmh&: Mr, new varieties from wheat grown here. There was an improvement 1= -’“-'m- be duction new —I-.:- m‘m was said. This part of the proceedings was in substance as follows: | _Professor Shaw-—Co-operation is not entirely | new in connection with private enterprises, ‘The peach growers have contributed $1000 to | overcome the ravages of the peach moth. The | apple growers at Watsonville requested the | &ssistance of the university to overcome the | effeets of the moth, and $4000 was contributed | by the people of Monterey and Santa Cruz ! counties. The sum of $3500 for two years was ](‘onlrlhul@d toward the interests of the as- paragus growers for overcoming rust and an | investigation in their line. The Walnut Grow- ers’ Association also co-operated extensively. | The importance of the cereal industry is | worthy of consideration. The question is how | to obtain the necessary funds for this work ;hnhllf that it possibly can carry from a financial standpoint. | “Mr. ¥ricdlander—How is the money obtained in Minnesota? Direct appropriation of the | State? Professor Shaw—The millers have been very { mctive there. but the State almo has made | heavy appropriations for experimental work | The money is appropriated for a epecial line of investigation. For instance, for dairying, | which is a special feature; the money goes for that particular line of work. One year the ")-op!a, making active effort, proposed to ask | the Legislature to set aside $25,000 for the speclal investigation of one producticn. It ap- pears to me our cereal industry is as Impor- tant as that, Professor Wickson—Co-operation with the counties at Santa Cruz and Monterey has add- | ed_an equivalent of $2.000,000. | Mr. Briggs—What we require is a man who | bas had enouch cxperience to go on with it from a point that Lias been gained elsewhere, | | Protessor Shaw—The matter, particularly of | @eveloping new varieties from cross-fertilizing, requires very close watel g all the way through. A green farmer is entirely out of | the question. Mr. riedlander—We should endeavor to mold public opinion so that at the next Legis- Jature it will be possible to get an appropria- tion of §8000—$3000 for two years—for the use of the experimental station, with a view to attacking this problem in its very broadest sense. Mr. Briggs—Wa shall accomplish nothing in a general discussion. We should lay down a platform to serve as a guide that will be of gome value to us. It will be a difficult mat- ter to get the farmers to contribute anything or do anytling in the way of experiment. In the first place, wheat farmers are practically *‘busted.” A large percentage of them are renters and would not care to make experi- ments for the landlord or somebody else and derive 1o benefit themselves.. Lay out plans, select men in different places ail over the State who have the financial ability to go on with the work and can make the experiments for their own benefit as well as others in a very systematic way. e URBAN GROWTH IN SOUTH. Cities That Beautify Country Beyond Pass of Tehachapi. The growth of cities in Southern California forms the subject of an in- teresting review by the Los Angeles Herald, which is, in part, as follows: In no country under the sun has there been a more remarkable record of city growth than i | | | | Point _Conception Of course, Los Angeles mes first, with an undoubted population of 150,000—indeed, probably more, from 10,000 and a couple of hundred, by the United States census of 1880, 50,000 and some odd hundreds by that of 1%0 and 102,000 by that of 1900. But astonishing as are these figures they by | no_means tell the whole story, Twenty years ago Pasadena was a pretty little village. To-day it numbers approxi- mately 15,000 inhabitants and {s stretching out bravely to encompass the beautiful country | round about it. To the southward lies San Diego, whose boomers claim a present p: lation’ of 20,000 to 500 for their beauti city. Twenty years ago 5000 or 6000 would have been the figure. “'All by its lonely” this town of Horton's unlimited faith during the past year or so has been getting ready for a lumm, which now shows signs of materfaliz- n | years. particularly between | and the Mexican line. To the northward Santa Barbara has devel- oped into a pretentious citv which, if it keeps up its lick, will soon be as large as some o the citles of the Riviera which have taken 1000 years or more to attaln their present status. The roster of Southern California cities—for they are entitled to that name by an act of the California Legislature—is calculated to amaze the newcomer to this section. In ad- dition to those named, there is a long list of absolutely new municipalities, such as River- eide, Redlands, Pomona, Santa Ana, Orange, Santa Monica, Redondo, Long Beach and oth- ers, which were absolutely not in existence when Grace Greenwood, Nordhoff and other new per people were writing the letters to the New York Tribune and Herald which con- tributed so v to etarting the great rush of people to Southern California. Teke Riverside, for Instance. A great wealth and population confronts the visitor there. It probably has the largest per capita of valua- tions of any equal portion of the earth's sur- face dependent on horticulture. When Nord- hoft and Grace Greenwood wrote it had not even been thought of. It stands on lands which, when they were out here, could prob. ably have been bought for $1 an acre, and many acres of which could not now be had for $3000 an acre. No city in the world under 10,000 inbabitants has as costly and beautiful improvements as this city of the other day. Its Magnolia avenue is truly a thing of beauty and a joy forever. Tt and others of its attrac. tions are of a positively metropolitan charac- ter. To round out what is actually a true and wonderful presentation, take Redlands, a city not twenty years old, and which looks to hav 5000 or €000 inhabitants. Its Smiley Helghts is one of the most enchanting spots in the world. A city like Springfield, Mass., which dates a ¥ back to Pinchon's time, would look common and workaday beside it. There are probably more handsome places in Redlands than are to be found In Springfleld, Mass., and Springfield, 11l put together—real places of arstocratic splendor. palatial and modern. Al of these prosperous and beautiful citles are, 80 to speak. growing like a ‘‘house afire.” Not only that, but new ones are springing up every day. In the neighborhood of Los An- geles, for example, the town of Hollvwood has come to the front in a way that is downright miraculous and promises another Pasadena. Rl £y RETURNS FROM SONOMA. Values Advance Three Million Dollars Over Those of 1903. Assessor Dowd of Sonoma County has made full returns of all the assess- able property of the county. He finds that the total assessable value of the property is $28,602,320, as compared with $25,602,795 in 1903 before the figures were raised by the State Board of Equalization. The returns, summed up interestingly by the Sonoma County Citizen, are as follows: Country realty $13,589,220, 1 SNy SIS0, mprevenate o money and Sotvent credits $157,885—outside. The city and town lots are assessed at $3,533,- 260 with improvements amounting to mfiém | persomal property $1.200.245, money and solv- ent credits $210,220 inside of cities and towns. This mekes the total assessment on property i within the corporate limits of cities and towns aggregate $8,003,340, and outside $20,548,080, The mortgage obligations aggregate $3,828,600. The county's fruit and grape industry is well defined by the following figures from the Asvessor's books: Table grapes (bearing) 450 acres, mnon-bearing 150 acres; wine grapes (bearing) 76,850 acres, non-bearing 1170 acres. {fOf the wine-grape vines 810 acres are under | four years old, 540 acres under three years, €50 acres under two years and 520 acres under one year. There were 3050 acres of wheat AT B, g, e, oa acres » 850 acres of corn §1,460 acres of hay Feitr ber of Erowing frult trees mssessed was aivided up 8b follows ; fig (bearis mon-| 1350; olive (bearing) 89,270, non- ‘bearing 14,992; peach (bearing) 256,710, non- b..fl:: 8850, vear (buxlnc)" e 8’:’?’10." non- bearing 23,070: French prune (hearing) 480,670, non-bea: 110,260; other varieties of prunes 5200; 1emon (bear- finu’:):‘um. ‘non-bearl non-beart ; orance when the university is mow carrying in ‘this | ar say ‘\ in Southern California during the last twenty | Mill Men Tell of Experiences in the Trade. Farmers Counsel With Body of Inquirers. —_——— non-bearing 305; walnut (bearing) 4040, non- bearing 1380. CHICO GROWS RAPIDLY. Population Finds Difficulty In Obtain- ing Houses for Its Use. The rapid growth of Chico has once more made a shortage of accommo- dations for the newcomers. The Chico Enterprise says: “ On August 3 the Enterprise called the atten- tion of the citizens to the present and pros- pective condition for housing the new settlers. This Is becomirg a serious question; It is not a theory, but a condition which confronts Chico, and the business men and people with idle money or money out at low rates of interest should acquaint themselves with the conditions with a view of relieving them. Last season a large number of families went elsewhere, fifty in one month, a number of which wanted to put students into the Normal. Here we are in August, the dull season and &chool vacation, and no surplus houses. Real estate men cannot supply the demand now— what will they do in Septeraber and October? One real estate dealer told an Enterprise man yesterday that he knew four families had left this week and located elsewhere for the only reason that houses could not be rented. He alfo said that more of the places offered for sale could be sold readily if prices were a lit- tle more In accord with real values. Rental rates are certainly high enough to induce build- ing—or else building material and labor are beyond all reason. Something is the matter, and if the business men and men with money fail to fathom the problem and apply the remedy the town will be shut up. It is not best to depend on outside capital coming to the rescue. Outside money is not likely to go where home money remains idle. Home building organizations could do much to relieve the situation, and outside organizations will move elowly and_ cautiously so long as home people remain indifferent. Will the experiences of last season be re- peated? 1f so, it will be a most harmful thing. Not only houses are needed and wiil be needed, but small ranch tracts of land are getting scarce at prices to induce purchase. Close-in_acreage is going to he in demand for the small rancher, the small fruit and vege- table raisers and the poultrymen are coming this way—and If they are not located the next lot of them will not give the place a call. It is a veritable condition that canfronts us —a business proposition, and ought to be met in a business w: AR -C PLANT GARDEN COMPANY. Organization Effected. A plant garden company has been organized in Butte County. This is a result of the movement to purchase the land required for the site of the Govetnment's garden. The company has been incorporated. Of its pur- poses the Chico Enterprise says: The Plant Garden Company is the name of the new company which wiil soon file letters of incorporation with the Clerk of Butte Coun- ty. This company has been organized by thosa who have suf ed to the fund for the s ing to Ch e Plant Introduction Garden. This corporation has been organized with a capital stock of $8500, which amount is divided into 17000 shares at $5 each. The committes of the Chamber of Commerce which was ap- pointed some time ago to look after the in- terests of Chico in connection with the Plant Intrdugtion Garden are named as the directors of the company and are Messrs. Crew, Roper, Nichols. k_and O'Connor. The object of forming this corporation is that to all of those who have contributed to the fund for the purchase of the Entler Tract may be issued shares in proportion to the amounts they subscribed. These shares will answer as receipts for the amount contributed and In case the Government ever relinquishes the land it will revert to the original owners, the stockholders in the Plant Garden Com- pany. Then any distribution which is deemed | of the land. At the present time the land will be deeded from Mr. Entler to this company in the name of the directors, and they will In turn give to the Government a deed in trust for the property. This course will be taken just as soon as the y has all been placed on deposit in a and the business will be closed up as soon as possible. ————— COPPER IN MENDOCINO. Discovery Is Made In Vicipity of Eden Valley The Ukliah Dispatch-Democrat re- ports that a promising ledge of copper was recently uncovered near Eden Valley, in Menddcino County. The journal in question says In part: Robert Singleton and Willlam Ellis were making a road from Mr. Singleton's place of the ledge. the presence of a clearly defined ledge, aj parently of very considerable wealth and ex- tent. Rich specimens of ore were taken out for a distance of seventy-five feet along the length of the ledge and for twenty 'feet or more across it. A pit about six feet deep was dug and a clearly defined wall was found on the east side of the ledge and In contact with this wall was found quite & body of malachite or carbonate of copper, which so far has In- creased in thickness with ths increasing depth. ‘This malachite !s very rich and it is sald that this is the first ore of this chgracter ever found in Mendocino County. Nothing has yet been done to locate the west wall and the little work done has been | too superficial to determine the surrounding formation, but from surface indications it Is #aid to bs a contact vein with sermentine on one side and sandstone or slate on the other, as both the later occur in close proximity on_the west side of the vein. ‘Specimens of rich copper ore have from time to time been found In the vicinity of Fden Valley, but heretofore no clearly de- fined ledge has been located. About thirty years ago Henry Abbott, for- merly County Clerk of this county, did some work on a copper Drospect about two miles from the present discovery. Bince then at various timea other parties have done considerable work on different pros- but, as stated above, heretofore no ledge In place has been discovered the specimens of ore found apparently being float. Tt has been the belief for a long time that a very considerable body of copper ex- isted in the vicinity of Eden Valley, If the deposit could only be located. i e OLIVE CROP SHORTAGE. Horticultural Commissioner Cooper Attributes Failure to Off Year. Elwood Ccoper, Horticultural Com- missioner for California, tells t%e Santa Barbara Independent that there will be a shortage in the olive crop of the State this season. Mr. Cooper said that the olive crop In Southern_ California this year would be & comparative fallure. The olives were just be- ginning to set and that it was evident that the crop on his ranch would be far below the average. Reports from other districts in the southern section of the State, he said, indicated that this condition was quite gen “"\When asked as to what condition he at- tributed the shortage, Mr. Cooper stated that hie did not kmow of any reason except that the olive tree was & thrifty producer only every other year and that this year was ‘‘an season.”” The same conditions, he said, in the Mediterranean distric§, the home of the olive, and the same ties of the tree wers noticeable In -.-.,."""‘n".‘"c';'&““ ‘sald Mr. Cooper, differs trom ;n?m of .t.h& gther, Dri‘;ducflvs Jrees be- cause it never . He e peach estition e tree which blooms snd ey —a ooms aj ‘wealth within fcnrl or five montfi.. in as during the remaining . If the olive B, Lo, i S 2 rexularity of i ld b.n"uk doubt ity and quantity, oo lcuveness in ; % advisable by the stockholders could be made | out to the public road and struck the top | A little prospecting developed | WHY JAPANESE NAVAL OFFICERS —— < The August number of the Navy League Journal contains an interesting article on the naval academies of Rus- sia and Japan and the system of select- ing and educating naval cadets. The incidents of the present war have thus far proved the Japanese system the best, for no changes have been made in naval commands of squadron or ships, while admirals and captains are shifted about in the Russian fleet. The Naval Academy at St. Petersburg was founded about 200 years ago, while that of Japan, at Etajima, an island, dates only from 1870. Entrance to the Russian Naval Academy is open to boys between the ages of 12 and 14 years who are the sons of naval officers or of noblemen. About 100 cadets enter each year, the education of whom is i | gimply academic during the first three | years. The professional training begins with the fourth year, and after that the youngster may pass the examina- tion for promotion to ensign. are two weak features in this system, namely, the initial selection and the subsequent training, which latter does not tend to establish the pupil's profes- ional fitness until he has spent at least three years at the academy. | strictly competitive and open te youths between the ages of 15 and 20 years, ex- cepting, of course, those married or who have undergone any serious pun- ishment, and bankrupts. The average number entering is about 200. The course is three years, with short vaca- tions and monthly, half-yearly and yearly examinations, at which their standing is fixed. are taken up at the start and the ca- | I i There | Lieutenant E. Y. Miller, Lieutenan In Japan entrance examinations are Surgeon and Mirs. Willam H. Ware, Su geon R. W. Waddell, Surgeon H. C. Reitz, Mr. and Mrs. F. B. Gage, Mrs. Walker, Mri. C. A. Hawks, Miss Catierine Hill, Mrs. J. Merritt. M E. T. Wilson and chiid, Miss Emma Browning, Miss Grace McKinle Mrs. J. M. Jewel, Mr. Carter, Mrs. |lam R. Davis, George H. Peck, Mrs. Asl Professional subjects | dets receive practical training on ships | and steam launches, while even part of ! the vacations is given to drills on board | the ships. A cruise of eight months in a training squadron terminates the educational course as midshipmen, and they are then distributed to the vessels of the regular fleet as junior officers. The entire cost of maintenance of the cadets while at the academy is borne by the Government. The practical results of the Russian and Japanese systems of naval educa- | tion are being demonstrated. The theoretical education, very much like ! that at Annapolis, together with hard and constant practical board ships, produces for Japan a class of officers thoroughly familiar with their profession. durance are the rule, not the excep- tion, of the Mikado’'s naval officers, while the Russians have not, as a class, given much evidence of these qualities. Then, again, the disparity in ages of officers in important commands in the | two navies, is also an important factor, | for while the average age of five Rus- | sian admirals is 57.5 years, two being 60 and the youngest 54 years, the five ,Jupanese admirals average 49.5 years, the youngest being 46 and the oldest 54 years. Of five Russian commanders of battleships, the oldest is 53, and the | youngest 51 years, 52 years, while a coresponding number 52 training on | eell, George Lund, H. Wilton, Morgan Washburn, Mr. and Mrs. M. L. Mitchell, Miss H. Arnold, Miss E. Mason, Miss W. A. Keck. Mrs. Crossfield and three children, W. O, roton and _child, Mrs. W. and child, Mrs. J. M. Sylvester and child, William H. Cook, E. S. Luthi, B. 8. fer, Mrs. G. H. Cassaday, Mrs. R. D. usson, Miss Kennedy, Mrs. F. B. Shep- . E. J. Green, Mrs. Luther, Mrs. W, B. A. Green, Mrs. H. R. Jack- son and child, C. L. Beatty, Mrs. F. R. Service, A. F. Grigg, Mrs. Frank Van Nor- stran, 'W. J. von Seldneck, Edward Wil- helm, J. Thornt 3 B. H. Ma- hone: H. Meyers, J. G. Noyes, J. How- | arth,’ King, Joseph Wenger, Mrs. Charles vers, W. J. Fisher, George E. Lorenz, W. E. Dougherty, Amos D. Ha kell, Mr. and Mrs. D. G. Dwyer, Dr. Louls Ottoty, J. A. McArdell, L. J. Hammer, Mr. and Mirs. Kearney, infant and mother: Mra. S W. Allen, Lyn Shope, B. Sheppard, J. P. Dickinson, Charl:s Parker, Mrs. H. M. Horne, B. H. Burrill, A. S. Halligan, Z. ¢.’ Col E. Eby, 0. Brooks, J. R. Driggs, B, Williams, E. L. Pallies, Cap- tain Willlam F. Croto, Captain J. J." Carr, Lieutenant J. R. Abbott, Lieutenant A. S. Fuger, Dr. Alexander Trautman, Mrs. B. S. Dash, skill and en-| 1 United States Volunteers and has been the average being | of Japanese captains range from 44 to | 49 years and their average is only 45.8 years. The London Engineer, of recent date, contains some reliable and interesting information respecting the condition of the Japanese and Russian warships after their trying service of the past six months. The facts are given by officers in the Far East who were in the position to know and the deduc- tions drawn from these naval lessons may be briefly summarized as follows: ‘The impact of heavy projectiles has a | strong temdency to affect the align- ment of machinery by shock, but less than might be expected upon boilers. All small vessels, especially torpedo craft, wear out quickly and lose in speed as the result of hard work, while the deterioration of big ships is con- siderably less. riety. In the early days of the war the Russian destroyers were outmatched most incessant use of the latter have done much to equalize this and the two flotillas are of about the same effi- clency. . Regarding the condition of the larger Japanese ships before the re- cent battle, which proved disastrous to the Russians, little was known, ex- cept” that the armored cruiser Iwate was still good for twenty-one knof but that the Asama’s speed had been reduced to eighteen knots. Russian ships the Bayan, Gromoboi, | Rossia and Askold were in good steam- ing condition; the speed of twenty-five knots had dimin- ished to barely twenty knots, and the Retvizan was in a sad plight, as her | machinery was thrown out of align- ment when torpedoed. The Cesare- vitch had suffered no damage to the « machinery, while the Pallada and Po- bieda had been repaired and were in | fair shape. An armored cruiser of a new type is on the German naval programme for the present financial years. The ship i= to be of 10,000 tons and to have a | speed of 22% to 23 knots. The largest cruisers of that class now in course of completion are the Roon and York, of 9248 tons and twenty-one knots, launched in 1903-04. 2 There are strong probabilities that the batteries of future battleships will be composed of very heavy guns and small guns useful to repel torpedo at- tacks, and that intermediary calibe; guch as eight, seven and six jnch, wiil be eliminated. The recent target fire practice has demonstrated that the heaviest guns were the most accurate. As battleships are intended chiefly to fight ships of their own class, the sub- stitution of heavy guns for those of six-inch would seem to be a rational improvement. The Georgia class of six ships, of 14,948 tons, designed in 1899, are to have four twelve-inch, eight eight-inch and twelve six-inch guns, the total weight of which, with ammunition, is 1417 tons, and the Connecticut class of five 16,000-ton ships, designed in 1902-03, are to carry four twelve-inch, eight eight- inch and twelve seven-inch guns, weighing, with the secondary battery, 1535 tons. The increase of 118 tons is due chiefly to the substitution of seven-inch for six-inch and additional weight without compensating advan- tage. The range of these guns varies of course, considerably. The penetrat- ing power of a shell from the twelve- inch gun at, say 3000 yards, is three and a half times greater than that of a shell from the six-inch. According to ordnance tables a twelve-inch projectile will penetrate 14.34 inches of Krupp armor at 3000 yards; an eight-inch armor-piercing shot 6.61 inches; a seven-inch will pentrate 6.5 inches and a six-inch shot will plerce 4.24 inches. The object in having the smaller caliber guns was for these to destroy unprotected or lightly protected gun positions and to complete the breach made by the heavy guns. TFor such purposes the six-inch gun appears to be as com- tent as the eight-inch and seven- nch, which weigh censiderably. The weight of four twelve-inch guns, with mounts and ammunition, is 475 tons, which in the Georgia class represent about 33 per cent and in the Connecti- cut class 30 per cent of the total ora- nnnti‘e’ v{el‘ht. Eight twelve-inch guns woul Herefore weigh 950 tons ana leave 467 tons and 585 tons weight to be u d for the secondary bat- tery an protection to the gun positions. Cylindrical boilers have | proved inferior to the water-tube va- | Novik’s original | !tives in the American schools, Captain | Willlams says a Filipino is generally | | | i i 1 | i by the Japanese, but the hard and al- | bOHC® & | tenant G. | on his wa Of the | Liake Lanao railroad, in Mindanao, and | has won his way up the ranks fighting TRANSPORT SHERIDAN ARRIVES FROM MANILA Pacific Mail Steamship City of Peking Gets in From Panama—St. Paul From Nome Enters Port—Tiny Grays Harb or Craft Moors in the Bay —_————— The United States army transport Sheridan arrived yesterday from the Orfent, thirty days from Manila, twenty-four days from Nagasaki and seven days from Honolulu. She brings 150 cabin passengers and in the troop quarters twenty-one civilians, twelve general prisoners, seven persons de- ported from the Philippine Islands, twenty-five sick and 247 casuals, making a total of 462 passengers on board. The foliowing is the list of those in the cabin: Colonel T. C. Lebo, Lieutenant Colonel H. D. Kilbourne, Major and Mrs. D. M. Appel and eon, P. Hunt and daughter, o d, Captain and Mrs. C. P. Bailou chijdren, Captain D. B. Mulliken, Lieutenant and Mrs. ( Murphy and child, Lieutenant J. 8. T t and Mrs. J. R. McAndrews and daughter, Lieutenant and Mrs. George Carrity and child, Lieuten- ant H. L. Landers, Lieutenant H. H. Moore Surgeon and Mrs. Ira Ayer and two chi dren, Surgeon S. J. Onestl, Surgeon H. Green- berg, Lieutenant E. H. de Armond, Lleuten- ent J. H. Howard, Lieutenant G. B. Hanna | more, E. R. Goodwin, J. R. Flynn, Mrs. J. R. Flynn and chiid, M. L. Robb, Al F. Rus- Ambler and daughter, Miss Cassaday, Dr. and Mrs. F. J. Adams, Miss Mamie Baker, Joseph Monaghan, Gin Okubo. From Honolulu—Lieutenant _Colonel and Mrs. Edward Davis, Captain and Mrs. A. W. Catlin and daughter, Mr. and Mrs. H. MeK. Harrison, Mrs. Willlam P. Burnham and child, Mrs. E. B. Meacham and two grand- and Mrs. children, Miss Josephine Dillon, Mr. B. B. Brown and three children, Miss Cock. Captain W. B. Williams is Chief In- spector of the Philippine Constabulary. He went to the islands in 1899 with the an officer in the native constabulary since 1901. He has been stationed in the Igarrote country. The captain quite won the fierce peoples of the Nueva Viscaya and Abra provinces into peace by his firm and fair manner of dealing with them, and they call him “the Father with the long red whiskers.” Speaking of the progress of the na- glad and quick to learn what he wants to learn and that is the rudiments of an English education. Then he kpows it ali. They are good imitators and not original in the arts, except in the art of raising “cain when they get started. The captain is on leave of ab- sence to his home in Texas. Lieutenant E. Y. Miller is Governor of Paragua. one of the southern islands. Judge B. S. Ambler was the magis- trate in whose court the Insurrecto Dominador Gomez was recently ac- quitted of treasonable charges after an eight months’ trial. He said he could not live in the Philippines with his family on $6000 a year as a Judge of first inctance and resigned his office. E. S. Luthi, a department chief of formerly a lieutenant of the Eleventh United States Cavalry. Lieu- 1. Abbott, Sixth Cavalry, is home to Maryland on leave of absence. Dr. Charles Parker is bound for Panama, where he will be connected with the isthmus’ medical department. J. Thornton is a newspaper writer on the Manila American. Major R. S. Bullard, Twenty-eighth Infantry, has had charge of the construction of the the warlike Moros. Colonel T. C. Lebo, Fourteenth Cavalry, is on sick leave, and Colonel Edward Davis is on his way to Washington. Captain A. W. Catlin of the United States Marine Ser- vice is bound for Mare Island Navy- yard. As the Sheridan dropped anchor in the bay Sergeant Henry Heisler, United States army, died. He had seen long service in the islands and was coming home sick. : Among the men deported from Manila is Matthew T. Ward, formerly a cap- tain in the volunteers. While in the employ of the Government he embez- zled funds and was sentenced to be sent away from the islands. Two incidents disturbed the peace and tranquillity of an otherwise un- eventful voyage. One was the detection of several persons in the steward's de- partment selling to certain passengers berths and better accommodations than their tickets called for. The other affair was occasioned by a Mrs. W. O. Thornton accusing Major D. M. Appel of flogging her 7-year-old son. The body of Lieutenant G. S. Garber, who committed suicide in Honolulu recently, is aboard the transport, having been brought home for burial. g S St. Paul From Nome. The Northern Commerctal steamship St. Paul came in yesterday, sixteen days from Nome and St. Michael. She had a large cargo of freight, $84.595 in gold dust and 38 passen- gers. The following are from Nome George A. Shea, Miss R. Fick, C. Cairns, R, Montieth, C. Meleties, W. IH. Waggoner, Miss E. L. Cary, V. L. Walton, Dr. Kittle- son, James G. Hughes, W. Keyser, J. Olson, Miss R. Ryckman, E. L. White, W. O. Crane- by, C. B. Bristol, F. P. Reid, Miss Linder- berg, L. J. Payne, Frank Fox. R. J. Thomp- son, John O’'Donneil, J. P. Colvar, O. Lenner, L. Jerdshanger, D. Stmpson, C. 'A: Johnson, L. H. Miller, Charles Bonner, Robert Leith, Morris Friedman, A. J. Withers, C. E. Louks, C. Hansen, R. A. Wilson, Alex Campbell, Q. L. Arey, William Trumper, J. Thue, W. T. Boyce, Li G. Fellows, M. Bernberg, M. Guffer, Miss Ora High, J. A. Wilkins, C. E. Theron, Mrs. Boyce. e~ 2RO, City of Peking Arrives. The Pacific Mail Company's steamship City of Peking arrived yesterday, 23 days from| Panama. She brought 1240 tons of freight and $33,300 in treasure. There were thirty-six pas- senzers in the cabin. o S S SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. ARRIVED. Sunday, August 14. U S stmr Sheridan, Peabody’ 30 days from Mantla, via Nagasaki 24 days, via ulu T i shasta. Hansen. 80 hours from Belling- ham Bay; bound south; put in to land pas- “Sfmr Brunswick, Ellesen, 14 hours from Stmr Navarro_Weber. 29 hours from Eureles, Stmr City of Peking 'Robinson, 28 days and &wwmmln-mlm- Stmr Umatilla, Nopander. $0 hours from Stmr . Chico, — Martin, 82 hours from Portland._via Astoria 72 hours. ltmr_Greenwood, Walvlg, 18 houts trom fl!vfl‘&c ; Grays Harbor . g o foem Stmr Sequofa, McClements. TS hours frem Willapa Harbor. Stmr St Paul, Lundquist 16% dave from St Michael, via Nome 15% hours, via Una- laska 12% days_via Seattls €9 hours. Stmr Arctic, Nelson, 24 hours from Bureka. Stmr Eureka, Jessen, 25 hours from Bureka. Stmr Coquille River, Sanford, 49 hours from San Pedro. Stmr Rival, Fosen, 27 hours from Fureka. Schr Newark, Reinertsen, 14 hours from Stewarts Point. Schr Fepada, Sarrins, 5 days from Grays Harbor, Sloop Restless, Pratsch, 8 days from Grays Harbor. BAILED, Saturday, August 18 Stmr Homer, Donmaldson, Eur Sunday. Ty Stmr Stmr Stmr Stmr Stmr Stmr Stmr Stmr Maggle, Corning, Halfmoon = San Mateo, Ross, Tacoma. Santa Rosa. Alexander. San Diego Shasta, Hansen, San Pedro. Whittier, Dickson, Portland. Pomona, Swanson, Eureka. Eureka, Jessen_25 hours from Bureka. F A Kilburn, Thompson, Port Rodgers. §tmr Geo Loomis 'Badger_Portland. Stmr Aberdeen, Hansen, Portland. Schr Ida A, Campbell, Point Reyes. Sehr Chas E Falk, Henningsen, Grays Harbor, TELEGRAPHIC. POINT LOBOS. Aug 14 10 p m—Weather thick; wind SW; velocity 8 miles per hour. DOMESTIC PORTS. SEATTLE—Arrived Aug 14, 9 & m—Stmr’ Jefferson_from Skagway. Aug 18—Stmr Mack- inaw, hence Aug 9 schr Oliver J Olsen, from San Pedro; achr Kuth B Godfrey, from Sen edro, PORT LOS ANGELES—Arrived Aug 14— Stmr Jas S Higgins, hence Aug 12, and salled for San Pedro. COOS BAY—Arrived Aug 14—Stmr Break- water. hence Aug 12. Sailed Aug 14—Stmr Alllance, for San Fran- cisco. via Eureka. PORT GAMBLE—Arrived Aug 14—Bktm Klikitat, from San Pedro. TATOOSH ISLAND-—Passed in Aug 14— Schr Resolute, from Su schr Borealis, hence July 26 for Everst Céntennial, hence Aug 11 for Seatt SANTA BARBARA—Arrived Aug 14—Stmr of Californ from San Diego; stmr estport, from Westpart led Aug 14—Stmr State ef California, for San_Francisco. ASTORIA—Safled 14—8ohe Jennle Stella, for San Pedro, FOREIGN PORTS. VICTORIA—Arrived Aug 13—Br stmr Athe- nian, from Hongkong; Br stmr Queem City, from Alaska. Sailed Aug 13—Br stmr Athentan, for Van- couver. OCEAN STEAMERS, | NEW YORK—Arrived Aug 14—Stme’ Colum- Bla. from Glasgow and Moville; stmr Ger- manie, from Southampton and Cherbourg; stme Hamburg, from Dover and Boulogne; stms Roma, f Marseiiles and Naples. BOULOGNE—Arrived Aug 13—Stmr Rotter- dam, from New York, for Rotterdam, and pro- ceeded. LIVERPOOL—Arrived Aug 18—8tme Tonian, from Montreal. Aug livStmr Ceitle, from New York, via Queenstown: stmr Lake Mani- toba, from Montrea!; stmr Umbria, from New York, via Queegstown. ST JOHNS., N F—Arrived Aug 14—Stme Siberian. from Glasgow and Liverpool, fory Halifax and Philadeiphia. NAPLES—Arrived Aug_ 10—Stmr Cltts d1 Avg Napoli, from Genoa, for New York. GLASG Satled Aug 13—Stmr Laure tian, for New York. Aug 14—Stmr Sardinian, for Montreal QUEENSTOWN—Salled Aug 14—Stmr Lu- cania_from Liverpool, for New Yorlk. DOVER—Sailed Aug 14—Stmr Graf Wal dersee, from Hamburg, for New York vi Boulogne. Gt foon and Tide. United St and Geodetic Survey— Time and Height of High and Low Waters at For: Point, entrance to San Francisco d by official authority of the tendent. NOTE—The high and low waters occur at the city front (Mission-street wharf) about 23 min: the height of tide is the same at both place: " MONDAY, AUGUST 1A TE—In the above exposition of the tides the early morning tides are gi in the left hand column and the successive tides of the day in the order of occurrence as to time; fourth time column gives the last tide of the s in day, except when there are but three tides, sometimes occurs. The heights given are addition to the soundings of the United Coast Survey Charts except when a minus sign precedes the height and then the number given is subtracted from the depth givem by the charts. The plane of reference is the me: of the lower low w; —_— Movements of Steamers. TO ARRIVE. Steamer. | From. S. Monies | Grays Harbor .. Tellus. | Oyster Harbor . Homer. San Pedro .. P d Arcata Coos Bay & Pt. Orford. | Aug. 13 Lakme. .. fan Pedro .. .o Aug. 13 State of Cal..| San Dicgo & Way Pts. Aug. 13 S. Barbara... Seattle & Olympla. Aug. 15 Corona. .. Humboldt . Aug. 1S Elizabeth Coquille River . .lAug. 18§ Breakwater..| Coos Bay _.|Aug. 16 Bonita. | Newport & Way Ports. |Aug. 18 Pomo. | Point Arena & Albion..|Aug. 18 Coronado. ... | Grays Harbor ........ Aug. 1 Alliance Portland & Way Ports.|Aug. 18 Argo. Eel River Ports. Aug. 1T G. W. Eler. Portland & Astorfa <lAug. 17 Del Norte. Crescent ity - Aug. 17 FHumbe =y e Aug. 18 New York via Ancon.. Aug. 18 .| Mendoeino & Pt. ArenalAug. 13 Santa Rosa.. | San Diego & Way Pts. Aug. 13 Redondo Portiand & Astoria. Japan .. Siberia AP 7 ‘ay Pts.'Aus. Hamburg & Way Ports.| Aug Grays Harbor Aug Aug, =380 hulut. .. Centennial. S Columbia. 2 North Fork. 23 San Pedro 3 Alameda.. 3 City Pueb! Ry 24 City Panama| New York via Ancon.. Aug. 24 Rainles Seattle & Bellingham.|Aug. 24 TO SAIL. Steamer. Destination. Pler. | " Angust 15. S. Monlea.. .| Los Angeles Port l laqua.. Humboldt . S. Barbara..Los Angeles Port: 3 Astoria & Portland/1l am|Pier 24 San Pedro Al:‘vam) 9 .mlzner i August Humboldt . | 5 pm|Pler 20 Coos B. & Pt. 12 m Pier 13 Coquilie River pn Pler 20 Humboldt . Pler 13 August Humbolde . |Pler 3 Humboldt Pler 9 Aungust | Willapa Harbor....12 m|Pler 20 Sydney & Way 2 pm Pler T Dorie. China & Japan. 1 pm|Pler 40 Umatilla... | Puget Sound Ports|ll am Pler St. Paul .| Nome & St Michael! 2 ,-!m 1 G. Lindaver | Grays Harbor _(Pler — Pomo....... Pt. Arena & Albion| 6 pm|Pler 3 State of Cal | San Diego & .| 9 am Pier 11 Eel River Ports_.| ¢ pmiPler 3 Eureka & Coos B.| 5 pm|Pler Breakwater. Coos Bay direct....| 5 pm/Pler 8§ A 19. | [ Grays Harbor. 4 pm|Pler 10 9 am/Pler 11 am!Pler 24 m Pier 40 pm Pler ; ymlfl’llr pm|Pler e 9 m|Pler 23