The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, August 11, 1904, Page 8

f | 1 | | | : ' { | ! 1 | il - ] Queen of the 7.’1‘!L i Special Correspondence. HEADQUARTERS OF THE CALL, ances. It did rather badly at home, one remembers, biit perhaps that was be- cause *its application was so entirely British. Now, although it has been announced that there will be a new play from Pinero this fall, no one seems unduly excited over the prospect. On the other hand, the one topic in the playgoing world here is the new piece which Bar-| rie is writing for Ellen Terry and which | {8 to be seen here first and afterward | in the United States. Of course, the! {dea for the play was Barrie’s. Rumor | declares that it has to do with the reia-| tions between a certain mother and deughter. And no sooner had the dra- | matist confided it to his manager, Charles Frohman, than the American, impresario declared that Ellen Terry must be secured for the part of the eld- er woman, so off he and Barrie posted te the country town where Sir Henry | Irving’s former partner is spending the summer. The first plan was to get Miss Terry to cancel the provincial tour | COVENT R 27.—Before g, marksmen in some part of the i States m themselves op- range by an at- inglish girl in the person of Lewes. She is the young oits with ber rifle | Bisley,” the annual g competition, have at- tention. Mi ewes, Us friend, explained she had made 3 s, at 200 ¥ ooting mnot Ie 1tends to emi- grate to Canada shortly. So her ap- | pearance American ranges is an event qu to oceur Women fle shots are rare in this cour f them turns up at Bis- ley now and then. but for the most | part their al appe s rather weir they don't really know how to shoot. Miss Lewes, on the contrary, is quite the trimm ever seen at the Bisley range, and her marksmanship made many of the male | “cracks” green with envy. Tall and | good-lopking, she shot in a brown cc tume, belted at the waist, her jacket | " being fitted with yellow elbow patches. | She also wore a very effective white | helmet, with an “anti-sunstroke” flap behind, and high brown shooting boots. | When at work, Miss Lewes is bus nesslike to the last detail. Sitting down on the range, the other day, she prepared her rifle in the orthodox fash- ion, without any help. A glance at the - flage told her how much to ailow for | wind, and then from her satchel she | _produced a “vernpier” and small pencil, | with which she carefully drew the | aiming line on the back sight bar. Her | subsequent work with the rifle showed | that she possessed both the steady | merve and the clear eye of the born shot. Upon her first attempt at Bisley she mfssed the center ring of the tar- get only three times and in each case the shot was the closest possible “in- ner.” She shoots aiso at 500 and 600 | yards, where his scores vary from 22 to 28 out of a possible 35. It is only two months ago that Mies Lewes first went in for marksmanship, . on learning that she was to go to Can- ada in August. “I expect to lead a de- lightful life there,” she said, “but I know that it is necessary togbe a good horsewoman and to know h@v to use the rifle.” So Miss Lewes placed her- self under the tuition of Private Gray, " the famous instructor of the London | Scottish regiment, and for the last two | months has shot regularly at the weekly matches. So far, the young | woman's silver trophies number nine. | Pincro’s Rival, HEADQUARTERS OF THE CALL, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, July 27.—Wonder now Mr. Pinero likes it? Wonder if he jsn’t a bit jealous of Mr. Barrie? This | vear's season, Jike last year's, starts| with new plays coming from both dra- | matists, and once more, the elder play- | wright seems in danger of being | eclipsed by the younger. In spite of Mr. Barrie's string of successes— “The Little Minister,” “Quality Street” and “The Admirabie Crichton”—probably up | to last fall no one théught of his wrest- | ing from Pinero his title of premier | PBritish dramatist, Pinero least of all. But “Letty” and “Little Mary,” pro- duced within a few nights of each oth- er, afforded a rather striking compari- son so far as popularity was concerned. The Pinero play interested the town and has run somewhat over a hundred nights, but Barrie's “dramatic joke™ was the craze of the season and gave . up the ghost only after 20 performs 5 | tion Ba ; | over any other piece thi t figure |1 | of the stomach it supplies all ideas and | | the habitat of the soul, and it is ftornl | this gland that all noble and generous |ing of the valves in the veins; they do | the motor function of the heart itself; | these ~lements is in a harmonious rap- +| but at this the Barrie's play will which she had planned actress balked, have tc wait until this tour is finished, which will be early in November. With the fantasies of “Crichton” and “Little Mary” in mind, however, not to men- ie's significant remark that if | playgoers would stand the latter play they would stand anything. are speculating over his lat ance as they are not likely to speculate | season. Mean- while Pinero is holiday-making in Scot- snd and saying nothing. He must realize, however, that he never has had a more dangerous rival than Barrie, and one wonders how he likes it. Chinese Anatomy. No Chinese representative of thel | healing art has ever dissected any por- tion of the human frame. Accordingly their ideas of anatomy and physiology are matters of faith—confirmed by im- ages which have been reproduced dur-| ing untold centuries. Their osteology | teaches that the skull is formed of one bone; so is the pelvis; the number of | ribs varies with the individual, and at| the junction of the arm with the fore- | arm is placed a cubital patella. Aec-| cording to Chinese splanchnology the small intestine communicates with the | cavity of the heart, while the colon, after describing sixteen circumvolu- tione, terminates by opening into the lung. The heart governs the vital pro- cesses—in co-operation with the cavity | all pleasurable sensations. The liver is sentiments emanate. The gall bladder is the receptacle of courage, its ascent in the body is the cause of a fit of anger. They have an idea of the continuous motion of the| blood, but it seems to be the product | of an imagination more riotously Ori- | entalthan even that which created the | other items of their physiology knowl- edge. They do not know the pulmonary circulation; they naturally know noth- not even appear to have quite grasped but they nevertheless profess to differ- entiate no less than seventy-four varie- ties of pulse, simultaneously recogniz- able on the person of a single indi- vidual!” In its uvitimate structure the body is composed of five elements—fire, water, earth, wood and metal, Each of port with the corresponding members of the series of five planets, five met- als, five solid viscera, five colors and five tastes. All diseases originate from disturbances of the primary and essen- | tial quintic harmonies of these correla- tions.—Shanghai Times. Londow’s Lack of Storks. The volume of statistics just issued l the London County Council con- some interesting figures bearing on the condition of London. The most remarkable fact brought under notice is the steady decline in the birth rate. In 1867 it reached a little over 361 1000, while in 1902 it fell to a little 28 per”1000. The death rate in 1902 the lowest ever recorded except that of 1901, which was slightly less, . dency? | position in 1900 there is no doubt. | true faith about mone | free hand 4o do as they please. | punish them if they fall? THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, THURSDAY, AUGUST 11, 1902 THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL)| JOHN D. SPRECKELS, Proprietor « « .« « « + . . Address All Communications to JOHN McNAUGHT, Manager Publication OfiCe .......cccoccevssocce - e etterseieaceesecissseseeenee cnaeens -.....Third and Market Streets, S. P. AUGUST 11, 1904 MUDDLING A MUDDLE. AEURBDAY ... :ico5vs HE ways of latter day Democracy are mysterious I and past finding out. In New York the favorite for the gubernatorial nomination is Mr. Dan Lamont, vice president of the Northern Pacific, and one of the ac- tive parties to the railroad merger, which the Federal Supreme Court knocked out, in the suit brought at the instance of President Roosevelt. In Minnesota the party’s strongest candidate for the Governorship is Mr. | J. J. Hill, president of the Great Northern and the author of the same railroad merger, which he and Mr. J. P. Morgan effected. The Republican Governor of Minnesota, Mr. Van Zant, organized the seven States that were stricken in their interests by the merger to resist it by the application of State laws. Mr. Hill has untold millions at his com- mand, as has Mr. Lamont, and they would both spend liberally to secure a popular indorsement of the railroad rust, and rebuke, at the same time, President Roose- velt and Governor Van Zant. All of these plans are laid and hopes entertained by the party that has been making anti-trust agitation a prominent factor in politics. Whether Lamont and Hill are nominated or not, the movement them is indicative of their friendship and support of ludge Parker. It remains to be seen whether the people will indorse the trust idea by falling in behind its exponents. No matter in recent years pro- duced such widespread feeling as the combination in one trust, one management and one policy of three com- the Burlington, Northern Pacific and Great I'he prompt action of the President in en- for peting roads. Northern. forcing the law saved the transportation interests of a vast population and an enormous productive area. Will the people rebuke him for it? That remains to be seen. The muddling of the muddle is further assisted by Mr. Eliot Danforth, who appears with a statement affirming that President Rooseveit is a very dangerous man, a usurper, who may ruin the country any morning before breakfast. In article Mr. Danforth lauds the honor and the safety of Judge Parker, and files a bill of partic In this he says that when Parker was nominated for Chief Judge in 1897 the Gold Democrats the same ars. of New York started movement to formally indorse him. Thereupon Mr. Parker announced to his friends that his honor would not permit him to accept such indorsement without making his position on the money question known, and that he would prepare a letter dis- the fact that he was a supporter of Mr. Bryan's nd voted 186! If the Gold Demo- crats, informed of this, chose then to indorse him, his closing views, for him in ! Fonor would permit him to accept it! Mr. Danforth puts this out as evidence of the sensitive nature of the Judge's honor. But what happened to that quality of the Judge since 18972 Iollowing the dictates of honor as he saw them in 1897, he should have sent his gold standard telegram to the St. Louis con- vention before his nomination and not after. Is there one kind of honor at stake in a nomination for Chiei Judge and another in a nomination for the Presi- ? Mr. Danforth has succeeded in proving that in 1896 Judge Parker was for free silver and against sound money and the gold standard. That he held the same Just when did the scales fall from his eyes, and at what spot on the road irom Esopus to Woliert's Roost, causing him to see the ? Why did he retain all the joy his conversion in his own breast until aiter he was nominated and the convention could not back out? This money muddle is a fit companion piece to the trust mud- dle which takes into the sympathy and activities of the party the red-handed trust leaders of the country. If there were ever a time in the history of the coun- try when the public interests require honesty and frank- ness in, the men who seek the suffrage of the people, that time is now. The moneyed combinations that } excited the fear of the pgople are behind Judge Par Western men of finance visiting New York are taken into the vaults of the great financial institutions and shown the sheaves of bonds and securities that represent hun- dreds of millions, and are told that if President Roosevelt of | is elected those securities will be made worthless. No art 1 of persuasion or coercion is left unused to foster the idea i that the country. President will bring financial ruin upon the What does it all mean? Obviously the Pr:~\~iden| represents the popular wish that all persons, natural and artificial, shall obey the law and be subject to it, while the great combines desire a The country has been taught by the vigor of the President’s action that he will enforce the law and make it unsafe to indulge in illegal aggressions upon the rights of the people. Before this all other issues and all party names and all party alle- giance fade aw On the part of the President are sin- cerit With his opponents there , frankness and courage. daily action and sign that the Presidency is to be cap- 13 tured, if possible, by covertness and deceit. If money can buy it it will be bought for Judge Parker. If the public interests have the sense of self-protection the peo- ple will carry the day for Roosevelt. The habit of keeping trial juries under the Vigilant eyes of the Sheriff and entertaining them at the expense of the city may be highly conducive to the best interests of justice, but it is distressingly expensive to the municipal- ity. 1f we must pay so much to preserve jurors from the glitter of temptation why not expend a little more to It would be well to teach the lesson that honesty is politic if nothing else. BEFORE THE WALLS OF LHASA. EPORTS from London announce that at last Col- R onel Younghusband’s “commercial mission” of regular Indian troops has arrived at the gates of the Forbidden City of Lhasa. After having dragged their gatlings and their howitzers over the summit of the Him- alayas and used them to good effect more than once on the barren steppes of Tibet, these missionaries of a commercial creed are now at their destination. The world awaits the results of their preachment. That the anxiety of some interested nations as well as the doubts at home mighf be set at rest there were recently read before Parliament all of the official pa- pers bearing upon the Tibetan mission. These, coupled with the assurances solemnly pronounced to Russia, and more recently to the United States, at least define the position Great Britain has taken in the Tibetan nk:ir if they do not allay unrest in the suspicious hearts of some of her near neighbors on the Continent. % “A trade mart shall be established at Yatung, on the Tibetan side of the frontier, and shall be opened to ajl British subjects for the purposes of trade from the first day of May, 1894. The Government of India shall be free to send officers to reside at Yatung to watch the conditions of British trade at that mart.” _ That clause in the convention between Great Britain and China has been "the fly in the ointment for the Indian Government. The Tibetans first re- fused to comply with the agreement, in that they deliberately took all trade from Yatung, leaving that village nothing but a spot on the map as far as commercial value was concerned. Then came the news that Russia had concluded a secret treaty direct with the Tibetan Dalai Llama by which she was to have the cream of the trade from that drear country of snow and rock. In January of last year the Indian Government noti- fied the British Secretary for India at home: “We can undertake negotiations nowhere else than at Lhasa,” and “a British commercial mission will start for that place at a suitable date in the forthcoming spring, there to meet the Chinese Resident and a duly appointed high official of the Tibetan Government. We think that the negotiations should culminate in the appointment of a permanent British representative, consular or diplo- matic, to reside at Lhasa.” This, then, is, in brief, the British justification of the Younghusband expedition. Now that the troops of the Indian Government have had to fight their way from the frontier right’up to the gates of Lhasa itself, shed- ding much Tibetan blood in the operation, it is plainly | a larger question than the establishment of a consular representative in the Forbidden City that the leader of | this mission has to face. For the first time in the his- tory of that strange land an army of white soldiers has | faced the walls of its sacred city. Can it be reasonably expected that with these invadars there will be executed | a mere treaty of trade relationé? The power of circumstances to alter cases will prob- before Colonel the homeward trek. ably receive convincing demonstration Younghuisband begin For native impudence, unsurpassed even in the riots of imagination, the invitation of the Japanese of Port Arthur to the Russians the useless cost of thousands of human to surrender and save lives, must be accepted as the limit in modern experience. The little brown men should be able after this 14 place in history as a nation of unconsciods jokers. remember, however, that profit and loss is not made in human lives. 3 with much of detail, prepared for beautifying the city Riverside in the winter its dwell- ers represent all civilized portions of the globe. ists go there in great numbers. They must in war the balance BEAUTIFYING BY SYSTEM. HE city of Riverside has, through the work of a committee and with the the Chamber of Commerce, with painstaking care and sanction of local streets with trees upon a defnite system. is already famed for attractiveness. placed semi-tropical foliage are effectively employed to give architectural beauties fitting envifonment. Attention 1 to the task of making the city beautiful has paid finan- | cially. A golden harvest has been reaped and other aurii- erous fourist seasons are in view. Persons with wealth and refinement appreciate that which pleases the eye all the more when it is coupled with city comforts. The shrewd people of the south see this and are acting ac- cotdingly. In any line 6f endeavor a wise system counts.« To produce the best results the best system is indispensable. | The Riverside committee is evidently in complete har- mony with this view. lishes the committee motto, as follows: a better book, preach a better sermon or make a better mousetrap than his neighbors, though he build his house # the woods, the world will make a beaten path to his door.” Nothing is left to individual caprice in the River- side plan in the selection of the variety or the number of trees to be planted in the streets. So many cotton- woods are to be in one locality, a determined number of pepper trees, eucalypti, flame trees, magnolia trees,or other determined varieties in other specified localities. Uniformity in a locality is secured. The result will be the best that Riverside can do and the world, as heretofore, “will make a beaten path” to its door. The value of information of this sort is found in its application. Riverside is but one of several communities in Southern California continually striving to be con- sidered more attractive and more desirable than any ri as a place of regidence. Riverside, already well adorned, adopts system that it may not only be beautiful, but that it may become pre-eminently so, as much so as possible. It is the idea of the party versed in entertainment as compared with that of a mere amateur who underesti- mates the desires, ability and intelligence of thrse to be entertained. Therefore the work proposed is entitled to respectful consideration. - The climate and soil of the cities north of Tehachapi | endow them with prolific growths, but there is not one of these communities that has done its best to become a show city. Alameda is beautiful with its wealth of shade trees and large residential sites. Oakland has fine streets and avenues. Berkeley vaunts its contours and views of bay and ocean. Marin County is a miniature SWitzerland. The counties north and south of San Francisco are beau- tiful with orchards and vineyards. But no one will ven- ture to seriously combat the assertion that no Northern California community has yet even resolved to do its best to be beautiful. System and determination are all that are lacking. Money abounds. An Italian sky is overhead. What town or city will tear a leaf from the Riverside book and systematically plan to become the best possible show town north ‘of Tehachapi? Secretary Hay, with composure that speaks well for his pacific disposition, has informed the Sultan of Tur- key that the patience of the United States is exhausted and we must be treated with the consideration due a friendly power. After a series of insults heaped upon Americans for two years it seems time for anybody’s patience to be worn out. It might be well for the Sultan to view Secretary Hay's words as a threatening prelim- inary to actions that do not ask but force respect. M S RS The Superior Court, in a decisionrecently rendered, draws a fine distinction between “office” and “employ- ment” as applied to the leisurely occupation of the serv- ants of the municipality. While there may be to the legal mind some similarity between the terms, if not an identity, to the lay mind public office and employment are as far removed from each other as the poles. Their association would be an absurdity. Chicago has innocently and ingenuously presented to the ‘world another human freak of her civilization. He is a man of wealth who has tired of opulence and pines for the pains and pleasures of poverty. By all means send him West. We have a thousand and one means of assisting him to realize his ambition as speedily as he or any one else can desire, besiegers | take a unique | of | Tour- | The charms of skillfully ! The Riverside Enterprise pub- | “If a man write | He Forgot. “You see that well dressed fellow coming across the street? I'll bet you are afraid to ask him to direct you to Third and Market streets,” said Chief of Detectives John Martin the other day. * “I'm not looking for trouble,”™ re- plied the reporter. “But why?" “That’s Jimmie Blank. It's an old story, but is always fresh to Jimmie, because his old friends always have it on tap when they meet him. “Fifteen years ago Jlmmie was a bunko man. One day on Kearny street he walked up to a seedy looking young fellow and asked him the way to Third and Market streets. “The stranger with a scornful look strolled across the street. “Long afterward Jimmie met the same chap, and, not recognizing him, asked: “‘Say, old man, I am a stranger in + | i —— + SKED A SEEDY LOO. ELLOW THE WAY TO THIRD | AND MARKET. i o = town. Can you shew me the way to Third and Market streets?” L4 “ “Well, for the Lord's sake, haven't you found that place yet? You asked me that question more than a year age,” was the reply.” ; Appreciation. { i SAN FRANCISCO, Aug. 9. Editor of The Call—Dear Sir: As a | subscriber to The Call T feel it my duty privilege to express to you my thanks and appreciation of and for the | good things offered daily in your paper. Your general news is exhaustive and represented attractively. Your edi- torials are timely, conservative and in- structive. I was especially struck with this fact when reading the recent | editorial concerning Bishop Potter. | The Call is indeed what no other | San Francisco paper can claim for it self—a great family newspaper and a | much welcome guest to every lover of | truth and fairness. For one thing es- | pecially T must express my admiration and | before closing—namely. the Sunday | edition. T do not know of any paper East, West, North or South which comes up to your Sunday edition. | is simply a marvel WILLIAM STADT. It W hitne v's Advice. ‘When the late William C. Whitney was Secretary of the Navy in Mr. Cleve- land's Cabinet he gained the good wili | of all the employes of the department because of the candor and kindness with which he treated-them. One morn- ing he sent for the head of a certain bureau and told him to make the ap- pointment of a man from New York City. Later in the day the chief of the bureau returned and said: “Mr. Whitney, I want to ask you a question, if you will be kind enough to reply to it.” “Certainly,” said the Secretary in his most affable manner, “what is 1t?” “I want to know if I am not supreme in my bureau?” “You are,” said the Secretary, with just the suspicion of a smile lurking in the corners of his mouth. . “Then I have control of the appoint- ments in my division; that is to say, 1 do not have to make an appointment unless I feel so disposed.” “That is the stivation precisely,” said the Secretary, the smile now becoming quite pronounced. ““Well, Mr. Secretary,” said the subor- dinate, coming to the point at last, “I don’t think I care to make that ap- pointment.” “Just as you say,” said Mr. Whitney, the smile now becoming a genuine laugh. “By the by,” he added, “T just said you were supreme. I shall qualify that a bit. The President has the pow- er to remiove you and appeint your suc- cessor. You know that?" ““Oh, yes,” was the confident reply. “I know that.” “All right, then,”™ said Mr. Whitney, “T'll let the President know that you don’t se¢ vour way clear to make this appointment.” ““Oh, does the President want came the startled query. “Yes."” “Ah—hem—might I ask you—as—a— friend what you would advise me to do under the circumstances?” “Well,” said the Secretary, who en- joyed the humor of the situation im- aensely, “that depends on whether you % s Y - prefer public to private employment for yourself.” “Why, public employment.™ “Then,” said the Secretary gravely, “my advice would be that you make the appointment.” And it was made very quickly.—New York Herald. Why the Crescent Flies. The crescent symbol of the Moham- medans has nothing to do with their peculiar religious opinions and cere- monies. It was not originally a sym- bol of the followers of Mohammed at all, but was first used by the Byzan- tines. Thousands of colns have been found in all parts of Turkey which date back to the time when Constan- tinople was known as Byzantium, and on each of these the symbol of the crescent appears, proving conclusive- ly that it was in use as an emblem among the people of that region long before Byzantium was overthrown and its name changed to Constantin- ople. The story of the origin of the crescent symbol is as follows: When Philip of Macedonia besieged Byzan- tium he had planned to storm the city on a certain cloudy night, but before his arrangements were completed the moon shone out and discovered his approach to the besieged citizens, who accordingly marched out and repulsed his forces—something which would have been impossible in ‘e darkness. After that event all Byzantine coins bore the symbol of the crescent moon, which was always alluded to as the “savior of B ntium.” After many years the hordes under Mohammed II captured Constantin- ople. At that time the crescent was used everywhere and upon everything. Suspecting that there m be magi- cal power in the emblem the Moham- medans appropriated it and have sinca used it as their only symbolic decora- tion.—Boston Transeript. His €ool Behavior. A hurngple French official who was sent to one of the hottest depart- ments of France found his bureau a perfect furnace, until he had a brilliant idea. He improvised a cistern and sat in it all day. The public eame into his office and panted, but he was up to his armpits in water, cool and com- fortable. Nobody minded; it was thought very clever of him, and he grew in the local esteem. But ome day there came an inspector whose bu ness it was to maintain the dignity of the public vice. He stood aghast. What! A ¥ trar sitting in a cis- | tern? It was a stigma on the republic | The case was reported to Paris, and | the offender was on the point of bein:z issed when a eynic suggested |a . more hum brent sond him to Algeria!” Even the cis s are hot in that climate. — Lonfon Chronicle. Answers to Querics. | CRIBBAGE— 3 an Jose, Four fours and a seven in | count twenty-four. Cal. cribbage ERNE'S NATIVITY—A. S. Cityv. Frank Erne, the pugilis born in iZurich. Switzerland, January 8, 1575. SANCHO PEDRO—N.. City. In the game of sancho pedro the saller must make at least one more than he is of- fered. BUDDHA—S riber, City. Tha colossal statue of Buddha, which is fifty-three feet in height, is in Nara, the most ancient capital of Japan, about twenty miles east of Ozaka. BRITT AND CORBETT—A. N. §, City. At the time of the Britt-Youns Corbett fight in Woodward's Pavilion Britt’s corner was nearest to Thirteenth street and Corbett's nearest to Four- teenth. PURE AIR LAW—H. P., Berkeley, Cal. What was known as the “pure air law,” for the viclation of which so many Chinese were arrested in San Francisco, provided that sleeping apart~ ments should contain 500 cubic feet of air for each occupant. CAPITAL PUNISHMENT—A Read- er, City. There is no law in the State of California that says a woman who is convicted of murder in the first de- gree shall not be hanged. Nor is there any law in any other State, so far as this department has been able to dis- cover. LETTERS—A Reader, City. There is a law in California that makes it a crime for a person to open a letter ad- dressed to another. Under a strict con- struction of that law a husband would Inot have the right to opem his wife's iletters, but if the old idea that a man | and his wife are one prevails, he prob- i ably would have the right to open such. SEQUENCE—A. P. P, Alameda, Cal. In poker a sequence is five cards, not of the same suit but all in sequence. In computing the value of a sequence an ace counts either as the highest or the lowest card—that is, below a deuce or above a king. When each party holds a sequence the hand commencing with the highest card in sequence wins; so, also, when two or more parties hold flushes against each other. If there is a tie the next highest card in either or any hand wins. Townsend's California Glace fruits in artistic fire-etched bogxes. 715 Market st * —_————— Special Information supplied daily to ;‘:muélinin‘ Bureau (Allen’s )lac‘:l. SS u ! - ifornia street, Telephone fl‘ i