The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, July 29, 1904, Page 8

- THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, FRIDAY, TULY 29, 190 e e AN Scandal Brewing in Africa. Special Correspondence. HEADQUARTERS OF THE CALL, # HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, July 16—By his | <dramatic resignation as Commissioner of the British East African Protector- —3 SIR CHARLES _ ELIOT, o | CHARGIS _BRITISH _ FORBIGN | £E Y WITH “GRAFTING.” | - — -— I — ate, accompanied by a bold challenge Minister to institute a | | to the Prime public ingu into the circumstances | which caused him to tak this step, £ir Charles Eliot has justified the judg- ng ago pronounced by his friends that he is no With what tionally has sacrificed it, so far as this Govern- ment is concerned, that he might make e fight for a nciple which vitally concerns the future prosperity of a sec- ition of the British empire embracing three-quarters of a million square sniles. By throwing up his position he has slipped off the muzzle which bound ‘him to silence and submission. In no other way, according to British usages | ordinary man. | ed to be an excep- | nt career before him he | &nd traditions, could he obtain a hear- ing before the court of public opinion. “Lord Lansdowne,” he says in his message, “ordered me to refuse grants wof land to certain private persons while giving a momnopoly, on unduly sdvantageous terms, to the Bast Afri- can ate. T have refused to ex- ecute these instructions which 1 con- ‘sider unjust and impolitic.” The Foreign Secretary is thus direct- | 3y accused of using his high office to ifurther a big land grabbing job. Thus i be has made no response to the charge, taking refuge in that dignified «ilence which in English Government circles is supposed to indicate consclous rectitude and integrity. But when Sir Charles Eliot arrives home with his muzzle off he will put the Government on the defensive and force an expla- netion of some sort. The East African Byndicate is a speculative an? mining company merely with no interests in the protectorate apart from that of capitalists bent on obtaining the big- gest possible dividends. For a merely mominal rental it has been granted a ninety-nine years' lease of 320 square miles of the choicest land, and, accord- ing to Cathcart Wason, a member of Parliament, who recently investigated the conditions on the spot, within this area it has received such unlimited rights that it may, if it pleases, debar any man from settling there. Those backi it belong to that group of financiers known ae “gold bugs” who have already obtained unenyiable no- toriety in connection with South Afri- can exploitations. Among the direc-. tors appear the names of the Earl of Verulam and the Earl of Denbigh, and the sharcholders include the Duke of Abercorn, Barl Grey, Lord Wimborne, Lord Duncannon, Lord Harris and the Earl of Chesterfiel® which are highly suggestive as to the nature of the in- fluence exercised to obtain the sonces- | ate to syndicates as private individuals many of them returned home rather than submit to them. “The objection held in the protector- is,” says Major Powell-Cotton, the East African traveler, “that while the former hold huge areas with no imme- diate Intention of stocking or cultivat- ing the land, the same area, if divided among individual settlers, could at a much earlier period be developed. Con- sidering the enormous sums which the British taxpayer has provided for the Ugand.. Rallway, it is not surprising that Sir Charles Eliot and his officlals advocated a policy which would place the country on a paying basis at a very much earlier period than would be pos- sibie if great areas of the pick of the country are to be tied up for indefinite periods.” To an outsider it looks as If .Bir Charles Ellot were going to disclose a political scandal that will cause some upheavale in Downing street. He is a man of rare force of character and the last person in the world to submit to being browbeaten. Despite the fact that he is barely 40, he has a fine rec- ord of diplomatic service to his credit. Scholar of Baliol and Fellow of Trin- ity, his university career was as bril- lHant as his promotion in the Foreign Office was rapid. Academically he cap- tured no less than five scholarships; diplomatically he went to St. Peters- burg as third secretary, and then to | Constantinople, became Charge d'Af- faires in Morocco, Bulgaria and Ser- via, went to Washington as first sec- retary and was subsequently Hjgh Commissioner at Samoa. Then ag K. | C. M. G. he was made four years ago | British agent at Zanzibar and Com- | missioper and Consul General in Brit- ish Africa, as well as Consul General | for Germany’s ' dominions there. In January, 1902, he was made East Afri- can Commander in Chief and, having resigned that post, is now on his way home to fight it out with Lord Lans- downe. Whatever steps the Govern- ment may take, a man of his type can- not be put down and kept down. He is bound to be heard of again doing good work for the empfre. o American Flightiness. According to the Census Bureau re- ports the average age of the popula- tion of the United States is 26 years, | with a life expectancy of 10 yvears more. The great majority of people who | are born In this country do not pass many years beyond the age of discre- tion before death overtakes them, while only a few, comparatively, reach the middlerstage of life. There is an excess of 1,815,0! females among the Inhabitants now living, So we see that the chief elements ir our population | are youth and femininity. These facts are worthy of note as a probable cause of some of the country’s social phenomena, which so frequently excite amusement, irritation or criti- ciem. Women and the young of both sexes are looked upon as more emo- tional than men. This country during recent years has Jost much of the calm, deliberate character which it poseessed at an earlier period of our | national existence. We are now quite | prone to fanaticism and much given to pressing the trigger on the slightest | provocation. As a nation we take to| fads and novelties of all kinds with feminine and almost childish impul- siveness. We go into spasms over| trivialities which would not elicit even a grunt from an Indian nor awaken the slightest {nterest in a Dutchman. Our passions and affectjons are easily aroused and equally as easily allayed. We change from love to hatred, from | admiration to scorn, and back again, | as facilely as a piston rod goes in and | out of a cylinder. We are never con- | tented or at equipoise, but are continu- elly on the go, flipfiopping wherever ! fancy leads. These peculiarities are not more no- ticeable anywhere than in the arts| which politicians and business men fre- quently employ to attract our support and trade. Whether they resort to these devices on their own motion or are led thereto by the demands of their customers is simply the question over again as to which existed first, the| egg or the hen. But however it be, | they make use of arts and tricks which | we cannot imagine ever to have been | put into practice to catch the votes or ! trade of such men, for instance, as George Washingto:, Benjamin Frank- lin, John Hancock and the other fathers of this glorious country. It is/ unnecessary for us to go into details in order to exinln our meaning, and refer to those Mool buttons, ridiculous | banpers, grotesque and absurd adver- | tising posters and the thousand other idiocies and devices which we see and hear on all sides in the business world and during political campaigns. They are such as one might think were in- tended to catch giddy women and little children only, not sober and mature men.—Kansas City Journal. Herzl, the Zionist. The death of Dr. Theodor Herzl, the great leader of the Zionist movement, has naturally called forth many stories | concerning him. It is related that as a | boy of 10 years he attended the Real- | schule in Budapest, where on one oc- casion one of the teachers explained the meaning of the word “heathen” to the class by saying, “To that class belong the idolators, Mohammedans and | Jews.” The boy Herzl was a rich| man’s son and was never troubled per- sonally, but he had a vague idea that he was a Jew, and this glib definition | seems to have been too bitter a pill for the future Zionist leader to swallow. He | left the Realschule for the Gymnasium. _On his mother’s side he was descend- ed from the old Spanish Jews and in- £ion debpite Sir Charles Eliot's protest. As a field for white colonization the protectorate is said to be unrivaled | majestic Oriental figure,” Zangwill de- in any other part of the African conti. vent and Sir Charles Eliot has sought | glow—you would say one of the Assy- to develop it by attracting individual | rian Kings, whose sculptured heads gettlers. But the Foreign Office, while | adorn our museums, the very profile of making virtvally free gifts of land to | Tiglath-Pileser.” Can one wonder at herited from them their courtly bear- ing and their nobly cut features. “A scribes him, “with eyes that brood and wealthy syndicates, imposed, it is said, | the mistake of the wild Arabs in the ®uch onerous terms on those who | villages of the Holy Land, who ran #ought the country to till and plant, | after him shouting, “There goes the eslablish farms and raise cattle that King of the Jews"”? | itself. THE ! SAN FRANCISCO CALL JOHN D. SPRECKELS, Proprietor . « « « o « o o o . Address All Communications to JOHN McNAUGHT, Manager Publication Office . seeteesesiieseiesenssssssnsassss socsesceeeas . Third and Market Streets, S. F. BRIDAY ...c.ccccccuvoacenssnnsssssonassaseosssontoaciososssscsncmasssasssssenssnscsenannsesss..]JULY 29, 1004 DISARMING THE COURTS. UDGE PRITCHARD of North Carolina has just J decided, and properly, that a judge on the bench, like any other public officer, is properly subject to criticism by the press, and that such criticism is not to be construed into contempt of court. Contempt of court, as soundly construed, comsists in acts of disorder in the presence of the court, or in the violation of the court’s order or decree. The attempt to go farther and construe criticism of a judge by a newspa- per into contempt of his court has made no headway in this country, and will not. Judicial officers must de~ pend for the preservation of their réputations upon the same public opinion that dominates the good name of all men and all public officers. There are reckless and licen- tious newspapers which use the power of publicity vi- ciously and corruptly. No matter how bad their character nor how low their motives, some will believe their slan- ders and translate their libels into a public service. But such believers are not themselves qualified to make pub- lic opinion and are not its leaders. So, after all, the licentious press, like all things licentious, disarms itself by being outlawed from the sympathies of the only part of the community that has character, and therefore in- fluence. s Closely allied to this matter of the relations of the bench and the press, however, is a form of discussion that was carried into politics in 1896, and is kept there by the Democratic platiorm of this year. It is a propo- sition to disarm American courts by taking away from them the power to protect property by injunction. Of course all thinking men see that this policy falls upon the owners of property and not upon the courts. Yet ! the public has been partially wrought up to tolerate the | proposition by the newspaper discussion of the courts for exercising one of their plainest judicial powers. If all men could think back and recreate the conditions which existed before courts had been given the power, and great judges had deviced the form of writ to protect the rights of person and property, the influence of much of the newspaper discussion of the subject would be limited. So sacred were the rights of property finally considered, as the common law developed, that we owe to the esteem in which they were held the beginning of that system equity which now protects property rights even in the face of legal conclusions. Since the long contest between law and equity in England, led on one side by Coke and on the other by Ellesmere, from which Coke retired defeated, the courts have used the injunction to give relief to property rights in cases where no legal remedy existed or'where it is inadequate. Though the writ is junior to that of habeas corpus, it has equal dignity. The habeas corpus is the efficient and sole defense of personal rights in their need and ex- tremity, and the injunction performs the same office for property rights. But when an injunction issues the court enforces it through its power to punish for con- tempt. It has no ather instrumentality, no other wea- pon. The Federal court, by permanent injunction, pro- tected the property rights of people on the Feather, Yuba andsSacramento rivers against injurious hydraulic mining. If the court cannot punish wviolators for con- tempt of court, that permanent injunction is a vain thing and the valley ranchers have no protection at all. If a man guilty of contempt of court for violating.an injunc- tion issued to protect property is to be taken out of the hands of the court and tried for contempt by a jury, it is the end of our system of equity jurisprudence. Tt will mean that when the law furnishes no adequate remedy, no adequate protection, there is no protection at all, for the courts are disarmed and equity is destroyed. This is a subject that the press can afford to discuss without heat or prejudice. That the proposition is tol- erated at all is evidence of the spread of the Socialistic idea that property is robbery, and therefore is not enti- tled to protection. It is the beginning of the battle be- tween Socialism and the law. In the result is involved the fate of all property rights, and therefore of property It is disquieting that one of the leading political parties should go deliberately on record in what it calls its conservative, its sane and safe form, in favor of such a monstrous proposition. It is the most radical and the most dangerous attack on property, because its object is veiled by making it an attack on the courts. of Several of the counties of California have decided to supplement their triumphs at the St. Louis Exposition by a display next year at the Lewis and Clark Fair in Portland. It is well for the State to show its friends and neighbors at home what it can do after it has cap- tured the good will and won the praises of strangers from abroad. WHEN THE COMMISSION COMES. N August 4 or 5 there will convene in our city O for the purpose of concluding its investigations the Merchant Marine Commission appointed at the iast Congressional session for the purpose of mak- ing a rigid investigation into the present status and pressing needs of the American merchant marine. Upon the report submitted by this commission depends in great measure the future policy of Congress in reference to the upbuilding of this sadly deficient factor of our national commercial life. Upon the report of the com- mission hang also vital interests of San Francisco. Ours is the last shipping center of the United States to come under the investigations of the Congressional commission. Having determined upon the conditions of the merchant marine along the Atlantic seaboard and in the gulf ports, the specially empowered delegation of Congressmen is coming to study the great field of Pacific | commerce and the part American ships play therein. Possibilities as well as actualities will be the subject of their investigation. In no other port than that of San Fran- cisco could the commission come to a better realization of how tremendous are the oppormnitigs for a strong merchant marine and how inadequate is the present one for grasping the prize offered. The Far East looms largest as the coming center of commercial activity, of trade rivalry. With the end of the present war, whichever contestant is victorious, there will be opened to the marts of the world new fields of activity in Manchuria and Korea. China itself must feel a sympathetic thrill of energy from the ‘tre- mendous struggle now being enacted on its own soil, and the opening of a greater scope of trade there is in- evitable. Along with England, Germany, France—the great carrying nations of the world—America will com- pete for this rich trade plum—compete with vessels sail- ing from the port of San Francisco. If. these carriers fly the flag of England, Germany or France, and if from each increment of\gain there be paid heavy toll to for- eign ship owners, how far can American trade interests run in the race for new markets? 5 Besides the promise of the Orient,.we have to show ' | the commission what stakes are offered a strong mer- chant marine in other oceans. The west coast of South America is ours exclusively until the Panama canal brings other contestants from the Atlantic coast. Yet of the total value of imports into South American coun- tries for the last year, amounting to $300,000,000, the share of the United States’ Atlantic and Pacific trade combined was but saopoo,ogv. Little better is the show- ing made by the record of trade with the islands of the sea and the antipodean countries; yet all of these op- portunities are in the rightful province of American commerce. When the Merchant Marine Commission comes to San Francisco, then, let it be the duty of our business men, our commercial boards and shipping associations to lay before the eyes of the Congressmen a truthful scheme of the possibilities that arc open to American commerce through the avenue of this port. Then let them take the commission out on the bay and show them the foreign flags that fly from the halyards of nearly every mer- chantman in its tide. Ths= lesson will be convincing. Another misguided resident of San Francisco has sought in the courts redress for the gross frauds im- posed upon him by one of the many get-rich-quick con- cerns that plead for patronage from the greedy and un- wary. As lcng as men continue in their efforts to se- cure something for nothing just so long will they be cheated and undone. In the shadow of every fool there is always a knave. N tempts to prejudice labor against him than his ac- tion in the Miller case. Miller was a foreman bookbinder in the Government Printing Pffice and was | in the civil service. Finding that in bookbinding the Government was paying 40 cents for what cost 8 cents i in private shops, the work in each case being done by | union bookbinders, he insisted that the Government | should have as good service as a private employer from craftsmen of the same union. For this he was expelled | from the union, which thereupon ordered Mr. Paimer, Superintendent of the Public Printing Office, to dis- charge him, and that was done. Miller took his case to the Civil Service Commission, which reported it toi the President, who, in plain obedience-to the law, ordered | Miller reinstated, and that was done. | The merest tyro in the law knew that the President had simply done his duty. In the public service the Gov- ernment alone is the employer and the Government alone can discharge from its employment. If that power were delegated to a private organization that is not even incorporated, it amounts to the acknowledgment by the | Government of a sovereignty superior to itself. th“ this action of the President, who would have violated | his oath had he done otherwise, was seized upon by the | Democracy as an opportunity to attack and abuse him | and make capital against him. No sensible labor union man ever believed that the President had done dther than right in the premises. But the element that was backing the fantastic candidacy of Mr. Hearst was urged by him to push the Miller case for all the votés that were in it. Now all of these Democratic chickens are coming home to roost, and the roost is getting crowded. City employes in Chicago belonging to a union de- manded discrimination in their favor for that reason. | Carter Harrison, Mayor of Chicago, is of such impor- tance in the party that he was urged as the Democratic | candidate for the Presidency. He is the foremost offi- cial and most powerful Democratic factor in the Middle West. He is a far better known man in the party than | its nominee, Judge Parker. He has represented its aspi- | rations and by authority declared its position and pur- poses on many public occasions, and it has elected him three times Mayor of Chicago. When he is dealing with a public issue arising in the municipal government of which he is the head, it is the act of his party, at least. in that jurisdiction, as much as what President Roosevelt does is the act of his party in the Union, of which he is the head. When the union employes of Chicago demanded sub- stantially what the Bookbinders’ Union demanded of President Roosevelt, Mayor Harrison, mindful also of his oath to execute the law, refused the demand, and in his decision said: “Where a man belongs to a depart- ment, such as firemen and policemen, he has no right to have a divided allegiance. He must owe allegiance to only one master, the city of Chicago.” The Democratic enemies of President Roosevelt may now turn their clubs on Mayor Harrison, and union | laborers sensitive to the requirements of good citizen- ship may see how sincere and how right the President was when he told them: “All men must obey the law. No man is above the law and no man is below it.” That is a simple guide to public and private conduct. It does not juggle with words, but expresses in its most compact form the duty alike of the citizen and of the officer cho- sen and sworn to enforce the law. We make a point of this because it is a notable and jmpressive instance in which a leading Democrat has confessed for the party that the President was right in a matter that has been foremost among the personal issues raised against him. The other issues of that kind will share the same fate before the campaign is over. GOVERNMENT OPEN SHOP. O act of President Roosevelt has caused more at- | i | | 1 Some comment of an adverse disposition has been made at the discovery that one man in the service of the municipality is holding two positions of responsibil- ity and is drawing as a reward two very excellent sal- aries. No reason has been advanced, however, to show that the fortunate poséessor of official favor is neglect- ‘ ing the duties of either of his positions. An ordinary observer in the City Hall may judge without difficulty that under our system of political patronage one man may fill half a dozen jobs and do justice to them all. The Circuit Court of New York has announced its judgment with due solemnity that in the formation of the steel trust men conspicuous neither for industry nor ability made vast fortunes, a proceeding, the court de- cides, inimical to sound public policy. The public, how- ever, has yet to learn that the enforced attendance at any of our penitentiaries has thereby been increased. American investigators have the disagrecable faculty of making! discoveries too late. —_— Opponents of the Government ownership of railroads have received from a most unexpected but convincing source another powerful argument to support their cause. William Jennings Bryan has unloosed his energies in the Presidential campaign and announces that whether we will or no the Government must own the railroads. What more need be said? We couldn’t take the wrong road now if we tried. . TALK_OF THE AND, The Artistic Effect. He is a young artist whose striking Indian pictures and Arizona canvases are )’euly—hun‘ in the Bohemian an enthu- slastic member of the Arts and Crafts and herself an artist of recognized Club’s, exhibition; she is ability. Together they often go out in search of new “affects.” Not long since a moonlight journey on such a quest led the two lovers of the artistic into the byways of China- town—that Mecca of all brothers of the brush. Up one dark alley and fown another crooked lane they wan- dered, greeting their Mongolian friends cordially and keeping thelr highly sensitive eyes open for the “ef- fect.” They got it. Somewhere up on the edge of China- town—the exact spot must not be dis- closed—the twain came upon one of those decrepit old gardens that graced the mansion of a millionaire in the days of old. A wobbly iron fence surrounded it on three sides, with a broken iron gate giving access down in One corner. fillering light of the slender moon, with the shadow of the giant pepper tree cast athwart the whiteness of the staqne payement—here was an “effect.” The two art lovers pushed open the gate softly, turned into the shadow of | the pepper tree and seated themsetves on a convenient barrel. “Now do you catch the contrast be- tween the shadow over on the roof of the church and the high white light down on the side of that laundry over there,” he was saying. “Isn’t that one of the finest things ever for a ‘black and white?"” “Oh, dear”—dear must stand for the real thing she called him; it might have been darling or only Smith—"Oh, dear, I could just dream of that pic- ture all my life. Just see there where the rays of the moon slip over the edge of that water tank and strike so softly on the top of that fantastically broken chimney. “My-y-y. She gave what the novelists call “a long, shud- dering sigh.” “This indeed is a charmed spot,” her companion continued. “One could | imagine himself on Montmartre or be- fore Notre Dame. Now, if only- A hoarse shrilling and cackling broke the silence within ten feet of the artistic twain. It sounded as if all Gaul were loose. “Well, well,” he stammered, “T be- | lieve—yes, I am certain that we are at present sitting in nothing else than a chicken yard,” For You. For you the moon stilly imagineth Her loiterings and her soft vicissitudes; For you the Pleiades are seven, and one ‘Wanders invisible because of you; For you the snake is burnished in the spring, The flower has plots touching its mar- . riage time, The queen-bee from her wassailed lords soars high And high and high into the nuptial blue, Till only one heroic lover now Flies with her, and her royal wish is prone To the elected one, whose dizzy heart Presageth him of ecstasy and death. For you the sea has rivers in the midst, And fathomless abysses where it breeds Fantastic life; and eachrits tiniest drop Flung from the fisher's oar-blade in the sun Has rivers, abysses and fantastic life. For your sakes it was spoken of the soul That it shall be a sea whereon the moon Has might, and the four winds shall walk upon it— Also it has great rivers in the midst, Uncharted islands that no sailor sees, And fathomless abysses where it breeds Mysterjous life; yea, each its tiniest grop Flung from the fisher's oar-blade in the sun Has rivers, tempests and eternal tides, Untouched-at isles, horizons never hail And fathomless abysses where it br Incredible life, without astonishment. —William Vaughn Moody, in The Fire- Bringer. A Heroic Governor. Sir William McGregor, who has just been appointed Governor of New- foundland, is one of the most remark- able men of the British colonial ser- vice, both physically and intellectually, and, indeed, his herculean strength has contributed in no small degree to impress the savages, over whom he has been called to rule in the past, with a sense of the power of the Brit- Here, indeed, under the | Tomn ish empire. No more remarkable Ttus- tration of his muscular force can Be given than the feat which led Queen Victoria to bestow on him the Albert medal, granted to civilians for acts of extraordinary gallantry, which in the army or navy would have won the Victoria cross. In fact the Albert medal, which Sir William is the only Colonial Governor to wear, may be looked on as the civillan counterpart of the Victoria cross. It took place while he was High Commissioner and Addhinistrater of England’s possessions in the Pacific, with headquarters at Suva, the capral of Fijl. The Syria, with a shipload of Indian coolies on board, had struck on arock at some distance from Suva. The only way by which the vessel, which was stuck on @ reef at the foot of a precipice and being pounded to pleces by the surf, could be reachea was by means of ropes and a broken mast, which had fallen against the side of the cliff. Again and again Sir WiI- llam made the perilous journey to and from the wreck, either with a man or 2 woman on his back and sometimes with a child held by its clothes be- tween his teeth in addition thereto. The greatest tax on his strength was, however, in connection with the rescue from the wreck of a white weman, who had got at the spirits, was mad with drink and had fallen overboard. The captain of the ship and a police officer, who had gone after her, were being swept out to sea. Bir Willlam caused himself to be 1et down by a rope, caught the knot of the woman's hair in his te- h and with his hands seized the two men and dragged them all three to safety. Then he wrote his report of the disastef and of the rescue. Several of those who had taken part in the latter recefved the Royal Humane Society medal But as there was no mention in Sir William’s report of his own services, or, in fact, of his having been upon the scene at all, it was not until much later that the matter was brought to the attention of the Government ana by the latter to that of the Queen who, as stated above, conferred upon him the Albert medal—La Marqguise de Fontenoy. More Volapuk. Never does six months pass by with- out gome attempt being made to do away with the disadvantages of the diversity of tongues, but so far suc- cess has not attended any of them Struggle as they may, the inventors universal languages cannot get away from Latin, and the latest at Lmpet, that of Professor Peano of Turin, re- solves {tself into Latin without inftec- tions. The professor proposes to do away with cases, numbers, genders and persons and also with tenses and voices, using the ablative in the case of substantives and the inflnitive minus -re or -ri for the verbs. In fact, his system is the evolution of th~ Italian tongue carried to its logic: conclusion. Nearly every one learns Latin more or less, and it is difficult to see why the simple Lafin of tn: Middle Ages, without any: stralning after Ciceronian elegancles, should not suffice for .all our internationar needs during the few years which must pass before all the world speak: English.—London Globe. ‘Answers to Queries. COMMISSIONS—Subseriber, City. The sale of commissions in the British arm was discontinued many years ago. None such were sold in 1903. ’ SURVEYOR GENERAL—L. L., Guerneville, Cal. The Survever Gen- eral of California Is Victor H. Wood, address Sacramento, Cal. REPRESENTATIVES—A. 8., City. The total number of Representatives, according to the eleventh census, 1890, was 356 and according to the twelfth census, 1900, the number is 386 TWO ARMIES—Subscriber, Oakland, Cal. The Salvation Army, originally called a Christian Mission, was started in July, 1865, In the east end of Lon- don. Thirteen years later it assumed the name of the Salvation Army. The Volunteers of America were inaug- urated in March, 1396. THE WOODEN HORSE—Reader, Santa Cruz, Cal. It was the slege of Troy, 1194-1184 before Christ, that was raised by means of a wooden horse. The story goes that the city was taken by means of a device of the “crafty Ulysses.” Upon the plains in sight of the city the Greeks built the statue of a wooden horse, within whose hol- low body they concealed a number of their warriors. Then®the whole Gre- cian army retired to their ships, as though giving up their siege In de- spair. The Trojans e out on the plain and gazed in wonder at the wooden image. They believed it had been made by the Greeks as a pro- pitiatory offering to the gods, there- fore they bore it within the walls of Troy. At night the concealed Greeks issued from the horse, opened the gates of the city to the waiting army with- out and Troy was sacked and burned tc the ground. ¢ Townsend’s California Glace frufts in artistic fire-etched boxes. 715 Market st.* —_———— ;r«o alr::u m‘:‘n- (An:- °: ifornia sirest. Telophons _."\i".“‘