The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, April 13, 1904, Page 8

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, WEDNESDA APRIL 13, 1904. - | } | the tone to ¥, and making the notes | C, E flat, F, A, C. 1 | "When the pupil has familiarized him- | self with this he must change the ex- | ercise again, and this time the second | | finger is to do the changing. This will | make the notes C, D (E double flat), |G fiat, A and C. Tt will be seen that | in this way every finger in turn has | the benefit of the accent, and also that | every imaginable form of note group- ing that could be of use in arpeggios is brought in. The fingers are strength- | ,and stretched at the same time | are benefited in many ways be- es the mere simple finger practice | at an ordinary study of arpeggios can | giv | Next in order comes another arrange- | { ment of the exercise. In this the sec- ond finger raises the sound half a tone, making the notes to be played C, E | flat, G flat, B flat and C. | This must be taken through all the | accents, after which comes the next | form, in which the third finger is raised | 5.) half a tones~and the notes thus become BY ANICE TERHUNE ny series | C. E flat, G, A and C. { s After this comes C, E natural, G flat, ns in re- A, C. Then comes still another variety of udy arpeggio, in which both the fourth and | third fingers are raised half a tone, making the notes C, E natural, G nat- | ural, A and C Next ¢ es ( ready dealt with the or- is of studying the arpeg- ggi h our puwl s time goes yose 10 €x- >, D, F, A, C, which ar- is just the opposite of the it, as it lowers the fourth ngers half a tone. s two more forms, C, , B flat, C, and C, E before 1 third fi er this com G natura flat, F, A and C. These complete the | set of arpeggio exercises, and when the ¢ has mastered them all he will udied the arpeggio In practi- | conceivable form known in These different forms are nat- ally not all intended for practice at On the contrary, one form at| a time is quite engugh, and the pupil »uld not go from one form to another | 1 he has perfected each little de- step by step. for | u finger e scale once. tail, In the lesson to-day I have given | dent enough material to last him scientiously practiced, and | ar he has faith- | - studied his arpeggios along the es here laid out I am certain that he | and will keep right on practicing them as same he has anything to do with the and in ascend- | mentioned arpeggio forms are excellent h takes A, | helps to keep one in good practice, for flat and | they accomplish more things at once me until the than does almost any other branch of d back to the plano work. For instance, there is the arted finger actice. It must be just as ac-| be practiced | curate in the arpeggios as in the scales, | nome, if possible, as it e is mot the chance for slov- > a steady, e playing here that there is in scale | t the tempo ying, for one is naturally more if the metronome does exact and particular because of the in- s between the notes, which neces- | e care and concentration on the| part of the performer if the tone of each note is to be properly brought out. Then there is the strengthening | and stretching process already alluded ; to, and the practice in rhythm, to say | nothing of the familiarity with the dif- | speak etre gly accented, played a n before C should be exe end the firm- rms of the exer- reases rt tone intervals that is to be| htly ed in this way. Last, but not| d notes, Jeast, the alternating free motion of the | pivots on arms keeps the whole bo in a state relaxation,'and the rests, first in one | nd and then the other, make it pos- | ible to keep up these exercises for al- most any length of time without weari- ness. ayed the ex- moderate described moment on ga. This | In addition to this, the pupil's or-| ) the sec- | dinary scale playing jwill be gre&fly This arpeggio | benefited by-his arpeggio practice, for | I¢ 1:»1 study, it brings 'after the different stretches between ager in each | the potes comprising the arpaggln‘ forms the ordinary scale will be found | alws to run mest easily and naturally. The‘ reggio, and student of course, understand ood confrol “m be | that each arpeggio form must be fol- lowed to its legitimate conclusion and | that in every case the accent must be he notes allotted to it in a rapic eggio of ordinary form. The ac \& process does away carried up the four octaves. On this| with any tendency to slight notes, |point I wish to make myself quite however, and the value of p “ticing | Plain, lest after having raised the ac- arpeggios in this w will at once be cent four times and being brought by s this means to the point where the be- Next, the accent must be moved up | £inning of the accent comes on the C one note, bringing it on G flat. Bach |an octave above where he originally form muet be prac .d a certain num- | Started the pupil imagines that he has ber of times, after which the pupil | finished that part of the exercise, or at must move the accent up one note. least has pursued the accent as far as He must continue doing this until he i# necessary. On the contrary, his finds himself where C becomes the WOrk is at this point only one-quarter mccented note once more. done, and he must keep right on chang- > . ing his accent until he has elevated its starting point sixteen times, thus ulti- ¢ he progresses he will find the | o001y bringing the beginning of the | mathar, of accenting a little compll- |accent four octaves higher than it | cated, but it will not trouble him if started, and, in other words, to the he works it out ctly according 10 | ¢op of the arpeggio. the rules I have laid down for the| j¢ ype student is very enterprising first three forms. If he can realize and anxious to improve every oppor- tunity for advancement he may (after he has conquered all the difficulties in the arpeggios herein described and has worked each form upjto a high rate of speed, with the aid of the metro- nome) invert the whole exercise and begin all over again, working up grad- ually. By inverting I mean in this case beginning on low C, as before, but with the right hand this time instead of the left. By this change the right hand plays all the ascending arpeggios and the left hand the descending. It is twice as difficult as the other exer- cise, but it is magnificent practice when that the accent simply moves up the piano, while the exercise is stationary, and that though this brings apparently | @ shortage of notes at the upper end of the arpeggio, they all catch up at the lower end, he will have no trouble. The principle is really just like that of the old game “Going to Jerusalem,” which every one has, I am sure, played in his or her childhood. In this game, it will be remembered, there is ai- | ways one chair less than the number of people who play the game, and as each time one chair is removed, thus making it necessary for one person to | leave the ranks, those left out all con- | taken in conjunction with the first ex- gregate at one side of the room. So|ercise, for, as the student will readily while the number marching around | gee, there is thus no point left uncov- the chairs becomes steadily smaller | ered. I have purposely left this great thé company of people standing at the | arpeggio exercise until to-day,. because other gide of the room becomes pro- | this is to be our last lesson, and I wish portidnately larger until finally all are | 1o leave the pupil with plenty of mate- together again | rial to work on, 8o that his interest and This is the best imaginable simile for | enthusiasm may not cease with these the arpeggio form as I have just given | articles. it to you, for as the notes at the top | It seems to me that I pould write grow fewer they seem to congregate | forever on this limitless subject of mu- at the bottom, while the exercise, 10s- | sicestudy, but all things must come to ing no rhythm by the changing of the | an end some time, so I now take leave accent, goes on and on, being swung | of my pupil, with the earnest hope that back and forth on the éver prominent | he will not let his progress stop here, accent. |but will push on and some time' do great things in the musical world. In closing I wish to tender my grate- ful acknowledgment to the readers of these lessons, who have become to me almost personal friends through the many letters I have received testifying to their interest and appreciation. Rev. Dr. Rayne—] see they have not ordered your church closed. However, you consider your church itself a fire After this comes another form. In|escape, do you not? . After the pupil has conquered all the difficulties in this form of the arpeggio he must take the next. In this form the second finger changes half a tone, making the notes to be played C, E flat, G flat, A fiat this the second fiager goes back to its| Rev. Dr. Snow—Not at all, brother. first position on A natural, and it is;It is a fire extinguisher. the third finger that changes, lowering Tribune. | not the main object of farming. | waters. THE BSAN FRANCISCO CALL JOHN D. SPRECKELS, Proprietor . .« « . « + + . . Address All Communications to JOHN McNAUGHT, Manager Py Py PubBCRtIOn OMI0D 4.\ ¢isserssnvasssisasosesinsss @ tieeveseeseeinee.. . Third and Market Streets, S. F. S e SMALL FARMS. 1 to variorum farming: We are of the opinion that the fruit ment is to be in the foothills that border the valley. The red soil of the foothills is pre-eminently the fruit soil. has a capacity for holding moisture that is not found in If kept well filled, so that the finely broken surface serves as a mulch, the foothill soil is able to withstand any drought and pro- duce a crop without any or at most with a very little irri- The quality of the fruit is excellent. Industries develop on the line of natural selection and this is the reason that on both sides of the railroad, from Roseville to Applegate and beyond, stretch a series of fruit farms, small plantations, that make the most pleas- the sedimentary soils of the valley. gation. ing scene to be found in the wétld. orchards of deciduous fruits and olives and small vine- yards are orange plantations, figs and houses surrounded | with palms and ornamental trees, that make a picture that is hung upon no othér hills in the But on the plains in the valley are the best conditions for small farming, in which fruit may be an incident but Alfalfa, root crops, truck farming and berries, livestock of and dairying offer there the best rewards that rural labor The sedimentary $oil is alluvial and ri¢h and ‘when the various means of irrigation are in use it offers | every facility the small farmer can 'desire. gation it is by no means everywhere necessary to wait for the accomplishment of great projects for the diver- sion of rivers or the storage and distribution of storm Ground water is abundant and pump irrigation is cheap and easily applied. The late Dr. Blowers of Yolo County was one of the pioneers of this method of irrigation, and by its use he first proved the possibility of can win. | raisin production. That industry in the and been transferred to the irrigation and white ash lands of Fresno and the Sacrament8 Valley is being more and more devoted to variorum farming. The Bee is right in saying that our capacity for fruit advertises itself by its conquest of the Eastern market, and that we should turn to the pro- production abundantly saic but profitable bale of alfalfa hay as of the capacity of the valley to support dairying, live- stock and general farming. Eastern farmers are trained Fruit culture they | have to learn, and in the process they often encounter apply farming an experience already acquired. The Eastern man who is well located on eighty acres of land in the Sacramento Valley will astonish himself He wil! find himself in the receipt of a | net income from that acreage greater than his toil could for these branches of the business. discouraging failure. But they can by the results. wring from a half section in the East. and comes earlier to market, because it is not retarded in growth by a hard winter, and his work goes on unvexed by the hard weather which in the East makes many months of eachfyear a mere struggle for existence. Then he can here more easily change entirely or greatly The transfer of the use of his land from one crop to another is a matter of months only in- stead of years and he loses no time in the process. A country and climate that permit intensive and great- varied farming are marked by nature for the home of In that respect no part of the United States can compete with California and no part | of California excels the Sacramento Valley. | farmer can have his house shaded by palms and sur- rounded by an orange grove that supplies his family with His family garden and orchard will produce something for his use every day in the year and he may work easily, live well and secure a compe- tency sooner than anywhere else outside of California. It is an encouraging sign that the press of the State takes space from politics and controversy to devote it to This is turning the attention of the people from those things that divide to those that unite them and the State already feels the benefit of this When Eastern men know our advantages well and realize that here a farmer may pump water for irrigation by electricity, light buildings with it and use it for power in many operations, this, added to our other advantages, will increase the tide of desirable immigra- tion and the number of our prosperous and contented vary his industries. the small land holder. | that wholesome fruit. these economic matters. new impulse. citizens. An unfortunate man so evilly conditioned as to be an inmate of the Sacramento County Hospital was given carbolic acid the other day instead of a dose of salts it be possible that health authorities of Sacramento are seeking to emulate and he promptly died. Can those of San Francisco in one of specialties? E A DARK HORSE. Lizd VERYBODY in the United States who takes an in- terest in politics knows that the Brooklyn Eagle desires above all things to see Grover Cleveland re-elected to the Presidency. He also knows that the desire of the Eagle will never be gratified. easy for the American people to have too much of Grover, and they have had a great deal of him already. being the case, it may be interesting to watch the curves of politics to note that the Eagle, de- prived of all hopes of its first choice, turns aside with an easy flippancy and nominrates as its second choice a man editor of the New York Journal” and names as Arthur Brisbane. In advocating the claims of its second best candidate the Eagle says: “The justice of newspaper men every- where recognizes Mr. Brisbane as the Journal and the Journal as Mr. Brisbane. This is as true of the multi- plied forms and reissues of that paper in Boston, in Chi- cago, in San Francisco, in Los Angeles and elsewhere whom it describes as “the as it is in the borough of Manhattan. as simultaneous as the light, as pervasive as the air, as ubiquitous as a New Jersey mosquito, yet as impersonal as fate itself. His name nowhere appears in his productions. Many of them actually appear undervor quite another person. There are those who believe that he has made that other man, as the Lord made the world, by the word of his power, in the space of six days, and all very good, or as good as could be expected. But Mr. Brisbane has never claimed this. as he is anonymous or as he is, so to say, multi-nominous. This is already well nndernood. but it is bmd to b«o-l’ even better un: derstood.” Not w vd& W llr.@fi-hn as HE Sacramento Bee sounds the right note for Cali- fornia’s future in exploiting the small farm idea for the Sacramento Valley. In this connection the Bee says that fruit planting needs no further stimulus and that settlers may profitably have their attention diverted choice for first place on the Democratic ticket, the Eagle further says that if he fail to get the first place he should get the second. The argument is simple. The Eagle says Parker will doubtless get the first place and there- fore, in the interests of party harmony, Brisbane should be named for Vice President because “He stands for all there is against Cleveland or Parker in the Democratic party.” It goes on to add that the “brilliant” exponent of yellow journalism should be made to take off his mask and get into the ring in place of the dummy he has been trying to foist upon the country. All of which sounds excellent and smcere, but there is doubtless enough irony in it to furnish railery for a trans- continental railroad. ¥ planting develop- It An Oakland woman, acctused as a thief, slid down a house leader pipe twenty-five feet to the ground and escaped a few days ago. It was to be expected that Oakland would supply this startling demonstration of the versatility of the new woman. It is time for the masculine members of the protective order of thieves Set among the | to protest with appropriate resolutions. CHINESE EXCLUSION. E believe it is the experignce of our business W community that Chinese exclusion laws should | discriminate between the coolie laborer and the Chinese merchant. This discrimination is provided in our treaty with China which expires within a year. The real strength of coolie exclusion is in the opinions of those who reasonably regard it as wise economics. Its weakness is in the use of the issue far political purposes by those who have a demagogue’s fondness for appealing to prejudice instead of reason. The former class know how much our Chinese trade depends upon the Chinese merchants. They supplement our white merchants and | do not compete with them. If we exclude Chinese mer- chants, then our trade with their country must depend entirely upon sénding and establishing American mer- chants there. But suppese China act upan her undoubted reciprocal right to exclude American merchants? In such | case our trade falls at once. It is necessary to put some attention into this view of the case, inasmuch as Senator Patterson of Colorado, with a zeal born entirely of political ambition, is striving to include Chinese merchants in the provisions of the ex- clusion law. Such a policy does not affect his State, but it does directly and vitally affect California. section of the existing exclusion act has the clause: “So far as the same are not inconsistent with treaty obliga- tions.” The treaty obliges us to admit merchants upon proper identification. Senator Patterson proposes to strike that clause out of the act and if this is done mer- chants are excluded. This coast faces China and looks to Eastern Asia for trade just as the Atlantic seaboard looks to Europe. Does any one imagine that if Senator Patterson proposed a policy as destructive of Atlantic coast trade the commercial centers of the East would submit to such tinkering? If we submit to it here we must be content to see Chinese trade go to the Canadian Pacific 'Coast points. The exclusion of coolies is in the interest of American labor. Chinese commerce is in the American labor. To exclude the merchants that trade depends is to injure that commerce fore to injure American labor. It is easy for the zeaiot and the demagogue to go too | far and Senator Patterson is already over the line. A world, all kinds, poultry As for irri- valley has lapsed an advertisemetit to general His stock thrives on whom and there- convince any California working man, or business man, of the relation of Chinese merchants to our commerce with China. FEvery exchange made through theif agency is in the interest of American labor, as is all commerce, domestic and foreign. If we cut off that trade we obso- lete American labor and stop American wages to that ex- tent. All of our Asiatic shipping and commercial inter- ests should be watchiul of the propositions of the Colo- rado Senator and of similar propositions by whomsoever offered. O Great Britain have been undertaking an exposure of the excesses to which the exercise of municipal control of public utilities has been carried by some of the cities of the kingdom. The excesses, it appears, are nu- merous and costly, so that “municipal trading,” as the British call it, is evidently becoming a very serious mat- ter to taxpayers. A recent review of some of the results of the move- ment toward municipal control says the advocates of the system wish the city government of London to enter upon the construction and operation of 1000 miles of municipal tramways. It then adds: “On some forty miles, on one of the richest traffic routes in the world, the Council lost £2250 last year. What a cheerful result might we expect from te working of a thousand! No business man would think of managing a thousand miles of tramway by attending an occasional committee meet- ing. When Lord Claude Hamilton became chairman of the Great Eastern Railway he found it necessary to resign his political position, which was one of some eminence. But gentlemen like Mr. Burns and Mr. Benn of the Lon- don County Council would manage you a dozen railways while punctually occupying their places in the House of Commons and the Council chamber. We cannot get away from our scientific theory that radium is to be found, not only in pitchblende, but also in the brains of municipal representatives.” It is not worth while trying to figure out what the Londoners would lose on a thousand miles of railway through the city generally if they are now losing over $11,000 a year on a forty-mile system in one of the richest traffic districts. The significant point is that the repeated failures of municipal conitrol do fiot in the slightest degree moderate the zeal of the Socialists for further experiments. If the theory of our London con- temporary be true, and radium exists in the brains of municipal representatives, then the energy of that won- derful substance must be directed mainly to making wheels revolve like buzz saws. — That odors move with the air or diffuse throuqh it like gases and do not pass through it in waves, as sounds do, or in swiftly moving particles like the radium emana- tions, seems to be conclusively shown by recent experi- ments on the propagation of scents small tubes, “In such tubes there can be no general motion of the air hdth!fl“::omnl of an odor is extremely slow. That of ammonia took over two hours to through m,.mm;nnnou. ncpru—o?:em .m“ 'M . be detected chemically at w the that Ip smell was noticed. It seemed e in the speed vmenmfln hu There a RADIUM ON THE BRAIN. F late some of the most influential journals in the their recognized It is very Such those who like to Mr. Brisbane is over the name of He is as The first | interest of | study of the records of the custom-house in this city will | | Their I\_ih‘le Arcady. 'Way up on Telegraph Hill, just where the beginnings of Chestnut street waver along the verge of the quarry, there is a little old cottage of a weather beaten visage and cracked roof which stands there poised in mid- air over the bay beneath, a mere phan- tom shade of its departed glory. In that crazy old house there has lived for the last thirty-five years a little old Frenchman and his good woman. They moved in there in the days when some of the “nobs” of the city de- lighted to honor Telegraph Hill with their presence, and now when all of the old houses are becoming swarming rookeries and the streets are the prov- ince of an army of tiny, sun-browned Italians, old M. Cazat and neat little Mme. Cazat ars left stranded upon this inhospitable regf like some gallant ships of the “roaring forties,” speared | through on a desolate rock. Behind the house there is a little ‘garden, all laid out in tiny walks hedged with abalone shells. There, .\\ ith the hollies and the flaring nastur- | tiums, the sweet mignonette and the !marigolds is one solitary orange tree, | strange exile on this crag of bleak winds and fogs. Beneath the strag- gling foliage M. Cazat has long ago buflt him a little arbor, very small, very cozy, just a little lattice work with some Roman ivy trailing over it !in vagrant festoons and a rustic table propped up on grapevine supports set nicely in the middle of the bower. !Every afternoon in these long spring | days and in the later summer when the wind does not bite and the fog does not lift up its gray arms from | the bay below, M. and Mme. Cazat be- take themselves to their Iittle vine- (clad Tetreat, he with his Figaro or | Monde Illustre, she with her dainty em- broidery work or knitting, there to\sit | the whole drowsy afternoon throukh, as far away from the great roaring world below and around them as ever a Pyramis and Thisbe in old Arcady. “Tout le monde may go on an’ on la | bas,” chirps M. Cazat with his quiet smile as he waves his pipestem over | to where the murky cloud from the city smudges the blue sky through the { interstices in the bower, “but Mme. | Cazat and I myself, we are not of it. A rich man, a poor man down zare, he work morning to night for what— for gold, la misere an’ at last, la mort, the death. For us, Mme. Cflzat and myself, voila, we seet in za sun.” Knew His Man. Captain Drake, head of the ordnance department at Mare Island, is a firm friend of the man before the mast. This has been proven more than once, with the result that there is hardly a day passes that he is not compelled to listen to the tale of woe of some old salt who imagines that he has a grievance. It was only a few days ago that an old sailor named Murphy, whose coat sleeve was almost covered with service | stripes and who has for several months put been quartered on the receiving | ship Independence, found his way to { Captain Drake’s office. “Well, Murphy,” said Captain Drake | after the old salt had doffed his cap | ana saluted, “what can I do for you?” | | Murphy grinned, saluted again, start- ed to say something, stammered and commenced twisting “his cap around. Drake got busy around his desk in or- | der to give the old fellow a chance to | recover himself, and then after a short | silence _ picked up a sheet of official paper and began writing. In the mean- time Murphy moved uneasily from one foot to another, but uttered never: a word. It was only when Captain Drake, after writing rapidly for a few mo- ments; had blotted and carefully folded the sheet upon which he had been writing and handed it to the old tar that the latter spoke. Then he simply said, “Thanky, sir,” placed the letter in his cap, saluted and walked out. As he left a gunner came in. Drake laughed and said, “Old Murphy has been at sea so long that when he gets shore duty he gets ‘homesick.” I just gave him a letter suggesting that he be sent to sea again. The old rascal knew I knew what he wanted when * touch their drum ‘with indescribable skill. They have innumerable turns of the hand and tricks of style which one cannot help but admire. That the rhythm can very well depict of itself many things is self-evident. The dif- ference between joy and sorrow, be- tween the jubilance of victory and the depression of defeat is too obviaus a thing that few would fail to recognize it. The drum is not only an instru- ment of music, but the great Instru- ment of joy and social intercourse among uncivilized races, inasmuch as it is the constant accompaniment of the dance. We are not half such per- sistent dancers as our unsophisticated brethren. While we limit our revels to the small hours of the night once or twice a month, it may be, they are always at it—at morning, at midnight, in the afternoon or evening, it matters not. Wherever a shady spot presents itself or a frfendly company is assem- bled this offers a fair opportunity for a dance, and off they go dancing where we should only indulge in a lit- tle conversation. To accompany the dance, as we said, and to mark the measure of the feet, the drum is most useful, and, indeed, indispensable. With its strong accented rhythm it keeps all the dancers right and is as exhilarating and inspiring to them as the strains of the violin and orchestra to ourselves. Delayed Justice. The sentencing of Charles Cackley ts ten years’ imprisonment by an lowa court thirty-six years after he had murdered a constable, the prisoner hav- ing lived an upright, exemplary life in the interval, is a pathetic example of inexorable justice, and reminds one of the hapless fortunes of Jean Val- jean in Hugo's moving story. Cackley had married and had reared a family, who knew nothing of his crime and of the indictment hanging over him. His identity was discovered through an application for a pension, from whichi circumstance it is assumed that he had rendered patriotic service. He is now an old man, and the court, doubtless in recognition of his age, was merciful and gave him a comparatively light wentence. The law must be vin- dicated, no matter how strong may be the appeal to one’s sympathies; but many who read the narrative will re- gret that the prisoner did not remain a fugitive from justice to the end of his life. The incident shows, at any rate, that there is latent virtue some- times in persons guilty of grave crimes. The better nature of the Iowa mur- derer seems to have asserted itself for thirty-six years, but such a considera- tion could not, in the stern judgment of the law, atone for the grave crime committed in his early manhood. Answers to Queries. WEIGHT—C. R., Lompoe, Cal. In the United States a pound avoirdupois is sixteen ounces. The Prussian pound is 163 ounces. . FIVE HUNDRED-N. N. N, City. This department cannot give you any information relative to the playing of 500 other than what appears in the rules that are furnished with the score tablets. ALABASTER—Subscriber, City. The chief supply of alabaster, which is he came in here. This makes about the sixth letter like this I have written for him.” When Diamonds Burn. “Ladies to whom their jewels are precious should regard their treasures with greater regard to-day,” says the St. James Gazette of March 23, “for this is the anniversary of the discovery that diamond is but carbon like unto charcoal and blacklead, and at the proper temperature friable as either. It was in the Academy del Cimento at Florence that Faraday and Sir Hum- phrey Davy made the experiment, using the great burni:.g-glass of the Duke of Tuscany for the purpose. A glass globe was exhausted of air and filled with pure oxygen. The diamond was supported in the center of this globe by a rod of platinum, to the top of which a cradle or cup was fixed, to allow a free circulation of the gas about the diamond. The burning- glass consisted of two double convex lenses, each tant from the other about 3% feet. The heat from the sun was concentrated upon the dia- mond for three-quarters of an hour. When, however, an obstruction of the sun’s rays was removed, Davy ob- served the diamond to burn. It glowed brilliantly with a’scarlet light, inclin- ing to purple, and when placed in the dark. continued to burn for four min- utes. The flame having been ex- tinguished, the experiment was twice repeated, at the end of which the dia- mond was entirely co ed, and so we had the knowled:vmmd at price, that the gem is pure carbon.” Parent of the Orchestra. gypsum, from which plaster of paris is made, fromWyhich many artistic arti- cles are manufactured, is from Sienna and other places in Tuseany. The principal places where the articles are manufactured are Florence, Milar, Leghorn and Voltera. Alabaster is made in large quantities in Grand Rapids, Mich., where there are extens- ive beds of gypsum. . CHESS—W. M., Oakland, Cal. The origin of chess is unknown. Many learned scholars have written upon the subject, appealing to history and phil- ology to support their assertions and theories. It has been ascribed to a Chinese Mandarin named Han Sing. who, it is said, invented it as an amusement for his soldiers when in winter quarters about 174 B. C. It was called the science of war. Sir Willlam Jones, the t Sanscrit scholar, claimed that |Hindu traditions, the names of the pieces and other partic- ulars indicate that chess was played in India in its earliest times. In his works he set forth that a learned Brahmin had assured him that the game is mentioned in several of the oldest books of India, in which it is declarel that it was invented by the wife of one of the most ancient Kings of Ceylon to .amuse that monarch while *‘m was besleging his me- tropolis. 'This by the reckoning in In-