The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, April 9, 1904, Page 8

N otes on Mines Within the last ten ¥ immense emount of discussion has been going ng Celifornia mining men rel- to the effect of the decision by the Supren Court of California in the case of Yuba County against the Kate Hayes Mining Company. The matter ¢ before the Supreme Court | om the Superior Court of | A. Davis being the | Judge whe The action was| brought in t uperior Court in Yuba County by county, as owner of| certain lots of land in the city of| Marysville, on which are situated the | County Courthouse, County Jall, Hall| of Records and County Hospital, and | slso as owner of the wagon bridge| uba River from the foot farysville. | as sought enjoining the | »m discharging debris | from their mineral lands into Sweet- | land Creek and the Yuba River or any defendants f branch thereof, to the injury of the property of the county. During the| proceedings the action was dismissed as to all the defendants except the Kate Hayes Mining Company and Charles N. Miller, its superintendent. | The Supreme Court has denied the mo- tion of the mining company for a new trial The California Miners' Association, | through C. M. Belshaw, president, and Edward H. Benjam out a circular letter adc prominent mining man in Californi with which have been enclosed copies! of the decision of the Supreme Court. | In the allusion is made to the de- cision and the question is asked A'hat effect will this decision have upon the qu: z, drift and river dredge mining operations hroughout the State? A large number of pon: have been received, hundreds in all, to date With one exception every one of the writers—all practical scrt that the effect will be that it threatens great danger to ever branch of the mining industry in Cali- fornia . | Some time ago E. A. Belcher wrote an opir which was published in The Call referring to the Kate Hayes deci- | sion. As may be remembered, he took the view that mo danger was threat- | ened. Several hundred miners take the | opposite side of the controv Since | the famous North Bloomfield decision Do mining question has been ap- proached with more earnestness by California miners than that raised by the Kate Hayes case The essential point involved in the opinion of the Supreme Court is con- | tained in a paragraph in which it is set | forth: “It is true that the evidence failed to show that defendants were mining by the hydraulic process, but, admittedly, they were mining by the ground sluice process, which, accord- ing to the evidence, produced the same | effect in kind as the hydraulic process, only to a less degree.” | These words, in the copies of the Su- preme Court decision that have been circulated among the miners by Messrs. Belshaw and Benjamin, are set | in blackfaced type, that they may be | at once noticed by the miners. To| these words the miners in their an- swers to the queries have principally devoted themselves. Before giving extracts from the let- ters that have been received from the| miners by the executive officers of the | California Miners’ Association, some extracts from the Supreme Court de-| cieion are republished: “The complaint alleged that the prop- erty of plaintifi (Yuba County) is ad- Jacent to the Yuba River, which emp- ties into the Feather River at or near the city of Marysville, and that the | defendants are in possession of, work- | ing and operating by the hydraulic process and the ground sluice process certain mines and mining claims in Ne- vafa County and discharging the de- bris therefrom into Sweetland Creek, a tributary of the Yuba River, about three miles in length, whence said de- bris is carried down the Yuba River and i= deposited and lodged in the beds @and channels of the river and upon plaintiff’s property, and will continue to do so uniess restrained. The com- plaint Alleged the eral effect of such mining operations of defendants upon the Yuba River, which is, by the de- posits of debris therein, to raise the bed and channel of the river and cause the lands on each side therecf in times of flood, in the absence of | high and secure leve te be covered | with water and debris, 10 the great damage of said lands. “The material question here was whether it was near enough to the river to be damaged by such overflow thereof as might be caused by the acts complained of. The court was justified in concluding that the operations of defendants constituted a public nuis- ance, especialiy injurious to the piain- UMY a8 a property owner, and there- fore ope to enjoin which plaintiff could maintain an action. As to the county as a property owner, the nulsance is also a private nuisance. The county is not sulng to protect the rights of oth- ere, but purely in its proprietary ca- pacity, as the owner of certain real Extracts from other paragraphs in the decision are given, because therein are treated coasideraticns which seem 1o the miners to be of importance. “The decree enjoining defendants, their officers, agents, ete., from discharging the debric into Sweetland Creek, or Tubz River. or any of their tributaries, and from dumping or placing the game | amount of debris carried down the river | | miners | hibiting mining except by the | mining, where therefrom or removed thereto, and om suffering or allowing its or their s to be worked by the hydraulic ground sluice process and therefrom discharged into er, creek or tributaries thereof, rranted by the pleadings, evi- 1d finding®. The decree further ns defendants from suffering to use his or its water supply part thereof for the purpose | in such streams .or rocks, bowlders, solid nvaterial con- any other ground or mine, | h knowledge on the part of the said | s that the same is to be used | manner as to work injury to operty of the plaintiff described | compiaint; and also from s ieasing or in any manner cony transferring or disposing of e and mining ground, or any part of, or the water supply of the said | ndants or either of them, to any m whatever for the purpose of worked or used by the hydraulic process of the ground siuicing process and the mining debris discharged there- from into said creek or river or any ! of its tributaries, with knowledge of sald purposes on the part of said de-‘ fenda Z ixtracts from one of the letters that have been received by the officers of the California Miners’ Association are given herewith. A mining man in Butte Valley, Plumas County, writes: “Mining is carried on along the north fork of the Feather River principally by tunneling, but ground sluicing is being more considered. We have be- fore us a picture of vast proportions. The decision can lead to causing all forms of mining in this State ulti- mately to cease. It will in the next demand be easier to say that is but a step from ground sluicing to tunnel- i being ing, because the difference in effect between hydraulicking and ground sluicing is vastly greater in results as to the amount of debris discharged | than the amount discharged by ground | sluicing as compared with tunneling. | Hence we feel confident that if ground sluicing be prohibited it will be a mat- ter of but a short time hen an effort will be made to restrain the work of tunneling, from the fact that the will not have been materially Jessened | by restraining the ground sluicing. While it is an admitted fact that the debris of these mines gradually goes into the river, we can, without fear | of contradiction, say that by far the| greater amount of debris carried down the river is not from the mines, but from the mountain sides and ravines, whence it is carried to the river dur- high water periods; also from land- | slides, all without molestation by the | A letter from Downieville is in part | as follows: “If there is no law pro- | hydraulic | convince doing an claim by | process, it is impossible to the honest miner that he 1s unlawful act by workng his the ground sluice process.” | Part of a letter from Gibsonville is as follows “As I understand it, our | State laws have not prchibited any kind of mining, but has defined what was heretofore the only objecticnable kind of mining as ‘water under pres- | sure through a nozzie against a nat- ural bank.’ This is hydraulic mining and, under the Caminetti act, is legal under certain restrictions. No other kind of mining is prohibited under any | and all circumstances. There is no law against drift, ground sluicing or quartz | mining. It seems to me that the Su- | preme Court has gone beyond its sphere of authority. Under the court's de- | cision the hydraulic process, the ground | sluice, the drift dirt and the quartz| crushing processes are one and the | same thing, and all may be enjoined.” One of the most extensive operators in this State and abroad wrote that | “This is a subject of very far reaching | tendencies. California should lead the | way in the construction on concrete | dams and the Government should help | and allow mining to any extent.” | It is impossible to give extracts from | each of the several hundred letters that the mining men have written. As be- fore said, all but one of the writers predict serious interference with all kinds of mining. “Unquestionably,” so reads a letter from Buch, “the decision is a step further toward the final stop- ping of mining operatiotis in this State, | and if this course is followed it will | ultimately stop all operations in quartz in drift mining and in river dredging, aill of which produce the same effect in kind as the hydraulic process, only to a less degree.” The entire matter will undoubtedly be a live topic for discussion when the California Miners’ Convention is next assembled. Pezwter. Probably not all even of the enthu- elastic visitors to the exhibition of old pewter in Clifford’s Inn Hall realize what a very important domestic part pewter played in the days of our dis- tant ancestors. A peep at Bome of the household books of the Stuart days is quite a revelation on this point. In 1664, for instance, Sir Miles Stapleton, a Yorkshire baronet, took it into his head to replenish his stock of pewter, and here are a few out of his many purchases as recorded in Iris own hand- writing: “IL. paid for six lardge puter platters or dishes at 1s 7d apound, and they weighed 57 pound and a half wch comes to £04.01.05; paid for two dozen of puter plates at 1s 6d apound and ‘they weighed 37 pound, £02.15.06; paid then more for two puter stands for the table, £00.08.00; one gallon puter can and six porringers, £00,19.06; paid to William Hutchinson of Yorke for 17 mew puter dishes fcr table weighing 74 pound at 12 pence apound £03.14.09.” And ameng other purchases at the same time are two dozen new pEwter plates for 328; another two doz- en at 158 a dozen, and a large quantity of spoons, basing and candlesticks.— Westminster Gazette. Each fruit grower of New York will be furnished h a padded barrel by the State Commission to the Wi 's Fair. The barrel will be packed by the grower and shipped to the fair at State expense. P i soundly discussed and fiction and philosophy have a | restraint which meant the control of the majority by | the months immediately preceding the assassination of ! breeders of discontent.\ He did not exert that self-re- THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL JOHN D. SPRECKELS, Propriefo: . ...+ . .. ... Address All Communications to JOHN McNAUGHT, Manager Publication Office ...Third and Market Streets, 8. F. SATURDAY A CONTRAST. | RESIDENT ROOSEVELT has put mankind under an obligation by his clear utterance of those things which others think. Men have an unuttered sense of the duties which life imposes upon them. They hold views which are not formulated, but which become the better guides of life when put in plain statement. The true must depend for acceptance and the false for rejection, upon being stated plainly. In his recent address to the Periodical Publishers’ Asso- ciation, the President stated certain views of the re- quirements of good citizenship. He was speaking to men who represent what may be called a new force in our national life. It is a far cry from the original Harpers” New Magazine, the old Knickerbocker and Godey's Ladies’ Book, to the numerous modern magu—v zines and reviews, in which science, sociology, art and domestic and international politics are thoughtiully and place that brings them to the more thoughtful and leisurely attention of the people. Speaking to such an audience, the President said: “A iree people has merely substituted self-restraint for external restraint, and the permanence of our freedom as a people and of our Iiberty depends upon the way in which we shall exer- cise that restraint,” This puts government by law and by the majority on a different basis from government by that external an arbitrary will in whose working and direction they had no voice and no power of control. Self-restraint is that quality which refrains from exerting arbitrary control over others, and is devoted to a self-control that is consistent with the right of others and with their freedom to exercise the same self-restraint. The exposi- tion is admirable, and adds an important definition to the many homely truths that have been uttered by the President. Their utterance is timely. The vagaries of theorists and the visions of dreamers have done much to confuse the ideas of men about their duties as mem- bers of a free society like ours. Self-restraint runs not merely to the control of appe- tites and the safe harnessing of passions, but it puts bounds to the methods by which selfishness exceeds its proper limits, and when de a controlling force among men is the safeguarg’of all rights. It is self- worked out into science and called the law which lies at the foundation of our system of juris- restraint prudence and appears as the protector of the rights of person and property. President Roosevelt affirins the relation between self-restraint and civil liberty. When | that restraint is withdrawn freedom ceases and the will of the strong is the only law. By way of contrast, and, we beg to say, for no other purpose, this view of human duty may be examined alongside of the celebrated utterance, often rcpeated, of Mr. Hearst. The contrast is suggested only by the fact | that Mr. Hearst is a candidat® for the Presidency and is the favorite of such a considerable number of mem- bers of his party as to make necessary the examination of his views of public policy and of human duty. In President McKinley, when Mr. Hearst was sowing the seeds of anarchy and trying mightily to divert public tention from the rising prosperity of the country and its cause, he caused the frequent publication in his news- papers of this advice: “You should be, in as many ways as possible, a breeder of discontent among the human beings around you.” What kind of society may be expected from the fol- lowing of that advice? If we all, in as many ways as possible, breed discontent and each one gives and takes the influences which it and the suspicions and greeds and grudges which go with it, how long would life be tolerable? If each fluctuation in state and for- tune, condition and circumstances, be ascribed to externa! influences and men are made continually dis- contented with and suspicious of each other, how long will free institutions survive? lago followed the advice of Mr. Hearst and was a breeder of discontent in the mind ©f Othelio. cther, “as Mr. Hearst advises, then society and. civil liberty will meet the fate of Desdemona. The assassin of McKinley was a man, a human being, upon whom Mr. Hearst’s advice had done its perfect work. He had tuned his ear to listen only to the cause in 1f all gnen become lagos to each | straint which induces self-examination, in search of the cause he had for hatred of the social order and the Government and its representative, the President whom he murdered. Whatever had happened to impair his personal fortunes or to impede his rise was not sought for in his own lack of thrift, intelligence or industry. Mr. Hearst's recipe taught him to look upon society and government as his enemy, and he blindly struck at both. As so many read and admire Mr. Hearst and wish to make him President, it is proper to consider his views of life, government and duty. A party, a con- siderable number of whose members think him fit for the Presidency, must go to judgment and be weighed by its indorsement of his ideas, and by the contrast between them and the views of President Roosevelt. Huddled together like sheep for the slaughtering pen, fighting in desperate; pitiable helplessness with match- locks and swords, hundreds of Tibetans, innocent of wrong and inspired by every impulse of patriotism, were murdered 2 few days since by British invaders. And this is civilization, the boasted ornament of mod- ern nations. A SOUVENIR OF HUMBOLDT COUNTY. HE Humboldt Times has done a good work for the T rich district on the north coast which it represents by issving a new and enlarged edition of its souy- enir book upon the resources and industries of Humboldt County and Eureka, its seat. . In a well written, well printed publication of 210 pages the editor of the north- ern sheet, acting in conjunction with the county super- visors, has set forth as exhaustive a report on the topog- raphy, “natural opportunities and varied productive and manufacturing activities of this section of the State as- has appeared at any time from a single communi‘ty in California. The book should do good missionary work in the East for the county in whose interests it has been brought forth. £ ; % Should one leave the reading of the introductory chapter upon the history of Humboldt County until the last he v_voilid ‘marvel at the change which fifty years has wrought in the country which was a wilderness when in 1850 the Laura Virginia, with the first settlers ' whether triumph comes or mot of Eureka on board, dropped anchor in Humboldt Bay. At the present time over 130 sea-going vessels clear from this bay within” a year, freighted with millions of feet of Iumber, rich cargoes of dairy products and the fruits of orchard and farm for the markets of the world. Where the virgin forest stood there are now mills, hay fields, mines and cattle ranges, all sprung up within the growth of a few extra rings in the wood of the biggest redwood. Cali- fornians themselves, perhaps, do not realize to what im- portance the seabound county in the north has attained. The Times’ souvenir leaves no scrap of knowledge un- touched. The climatology of the county for the last seventeen years is introduced, the educational and char- itable institutions of the county and coun(y seat are thoroughly reviewed, an exhaustive compend of the ship- ping activity during the last years of the country’s prog- | ress is presented. dustry, Humboldt’s chief source of wealth, full fifty pages of statistics, lithographic cuts and instructive reading matter is devoted. Dairying is exploited in a comprehensive review. of hay, fruits and truck vegetables are not neglected. Everything which could make a strong appeal to the eyes of the would-be settler from the East is presented in a clear, attractive style in this eminently adequate re- view of what Humboldt County has of this world's good. The fishing season has commenced and the peniten- tial season, with its theoretic accompaniments of sack- cloth and ashes, has ended. Our sportsmen, therefore, with conscience cleared and imagination inspired, are ready for the fabled triumphs over the finny tribe. The fishing season has the one supreme power of making the most conscientious man on earth-a fabricator. T first installment of the most talked of, the most ] sought after and the most timely book of the yea(; “The Queen of Quelparte,” by Archer Butler Hul- THE SUNDAY CALL MAGAZINE. O-MORROW The_Su;lday Call will present the bert, who went all through the Chinese-Japanese war | and was for years one of the foremost correspondents in the Orient. It will be published complete in four installments—a $1 50 book for 20 cents. Truly a notable achievement in modern journalism. A long and notable list, indeed, has been presented exclusively. It will amaze even those who have read the whole series published by The'Sunday Call to realize that they have been given up to date twenty-four com- plete novels. First on the list was “None But the Brave.” Next followed “The Mystery Box,” one of the most thrilling stcries ever written by Mrs. C. N. Williamson. Then at a time when national “Alice of Old came “The Autocrat,” just politics had the country in a ferment. Vincennes” came next. Immediately after this “The Octopus,” that sterling masterpiece of California’s strife and struggle for exist- ence, by Frank Norris, and which is now coming to be regarded as THE American novel, was presented entire, | masking a veritable triumph in progressive journalism. Next came “Judas Iscariot” as a Yuletide offering, complete in two installments, in the Christmas and New Year's editions of The Sunday Call especially It was even more notable and timely as a great religious novel than the play 6 of “Mary of Mag- dala,” which Mrs. Fiske has just been presenting at the Grand Opera-house, and in which Judas is made one | of the most powerful characters. Then in rapid succession came “When Knighthood Was in Flower,” “The Girl Who Wrote,” “The Leop. ard’s Spots,” “The Thir.tccmh District,” “Tainted Gold,” “The Gentleman From Indiana,” “The Mississippi Bub- ble,” “Between Two Fires,” “The Spenders.” - Next came “Brewster’s Millions.” 1In rapid succes- sion followed “Lees and Leaven,” “The Golden Fetich,” ! “The Master of Appleby,” “ A Little “Traitor to the South,” “The Two Vanrevels,” “Crittenden” and “To- | morrow’s Tangle,” which latter has just been concluded | in this edition of the Sunday Call Magazine and which, next to “The Octopus,” is the most notable novel that has yet been written by a California author about Cali- fornia. And now, beginning in The Sunday Call to-morrow, is “The Queen of Quelparte,” the most timely and one of the most thrilling of the whole series. It is almost the very eve of the opening of the St. Louis Exposition and the annoying fact has been an- nounced that sufficient money with which properly to equip the San Francisco building has neither been sub- scribed nor appropriated. It will be a matter of the deepest regret to the people of this city if the structure i designed to represent them at the greatest fair the world has known be not what it should be nor reflect what we wish it to do. © We should remember that at St. Louis we will be on dress parade before the world. —i The flower fctes of California, those spiendid festi- vals in ~which plethoric and indulgent nature bestows her gorgeous gifts, have begun. Perhaps in no other country on the globe is there such a riotous wealth of flowers as there is in California at this season of the year. What is now commonplace to us is marvelous indeed to those of the rest of the world who have the good fortuge to enjoy our privileges. —_— Even the Dutch can win a glorious victory of blood in these modern days of the strong against the weak. In a recent engagement in Sumatra the Dutch soldiers, in civilized cruelty, annihilated hundreds of primitively armed natives. Yet the event will go into the record of a Christian nation as a splendid triumph of righteous arms. National morality is very largely a question of locality. : o —_— i« The stmfik of Dreyfus to secure vindication, long delayed, has assumed another phase in which officials high in the councils of the French nation are in danger of discredit if not of dismissal. Even if every other repu- tation in France be destroyed ‘in the process the inquiry should not end until this celebrated officer has restored to him the good name he did nothing to dishonor. General Yamagata, the distinguished organizer of the Japanese army, is emphatically of the opinion that the land forces of the Mikado must face the gravest diffi- culties before victory perches on their banners. This shrewd Oriental, whose trade it is to destroy men, “profitably reflect that the obstacles must be met ..APRIL o, 1904 To the grgat redwood cutting in- | TALK OF THE P ———————— His Escape From Death.. “Stop him! Stop him!" cried the pursuing mob. Officer Minahan, fleet of foot and fearing nothing, joined in the chase and rapidly overtook the fleeing man. When the officer came within a few feet of the supposed colored offender, who was alleged to have shot two times at a fellow countryman in Hinck- ley alley, the negro reached for his hip pocket. Minahan saw visions of a bloody encounter, his mind pictured fatherless children and a widowed | wife, and rapidly evolved a plan of life defense. With his six feet three | he closed on the dangerous individual. Thé man was still digging in his hip pocket when the officer's viselike grip iinclosed his arms. ! Quick as a flash the custodiay of the |law dived in the suspected pocket. iGruplng a round object, Minahan | pulled it into light. In the light the sus- | gleuth, as he departed, and the sur- rounding crowd gave him the laugh. Forgot Bride’s Name. “I have some queer experiences with people who apply for marriage li- censes,” said “Cupid” Danforth, “but the young man who came on that er- | rand recently and did not know the full name of his intended bride must be awarded first prize. | “When this young man came into the office he acted in rather a bashful way and I had to coax him a little to come up to the counter to make his affidavit. We got along very well and in re- sponse to my questions he said his name was John Jones, age 21, and he also gave me his address. But when |1 asked for the same information as | to the prospective bride, our troubles | commenced. | “‘Her name is Nancy,’' said the cung man. - “*All right said I, putting down; ‘that is her first name, what is her last? “‘I don't know her last name,’ said he now blushing applicant. ‘T just now her as “Nancy. | “Of course, T told him that it would be impossible to make out the mar- | riage license unless 1 had the * full | name of the lady.” He thoght for ! while, but had to give it up. He also | confided to me that he boarded with the girl’'s mother, whose name he like- fu'ise did not know. He left me, prom- | ising to come back with the necessary | information. He did return next day, | and, strange to say, the girl's name | was Jones, too, and he went away the marriage license i smiling with tucked safely in his inside pocket.” that now, Enlightenment. A little joke is going the rounds of the Supreme Court of this State at the | expense of an out of town law student | who recently wrote to the court the following letter: “Gentlemen: Will you kindly fur- nish me with a list of the questions | asked for the last two or three years | to applicants for admission to the bar, | and oblige, Yours, traly.” The answer to the inguisitive cor- | respondent was as follows: “Dear Sir: It is impessible for us furnish vou with the questions you k for, but better vet, we can supply vou with the answers thereto, which you will find in ‘Blackstone’s Com- | mentaries,’ two volumes: ‘Kent's Commentaries,” four volumes; -Par- sons on Contracts’: ‘Greenleaf on Ev dence’; ‘Lubaye’s Equity Pleadings' ! “‘Pomeroy’s Municipal Law’; ‘Gould’s Pleadings,’” and the codes of the State of California. “Hoping this is entirely satisfactory, | we are, Yours sincerely.” to A Homely Song. T've stayed out half the night to watch The winkin’ stars at play; I've laid beneath the trees 'm heard The breeze sing on his way, | Caressin’ all the purty leaves Till they fluttered shyly—much 'S any basifful gal'd do At some man’s lovin® touch. I've watched the flowers drinkin’ up The fresh 'n early dew, A-holdin’ of it like a cup Till 1 got thirsty, too. 'N the runnin’ streams like silver dreams, ‘With their tinklin’ spell of song, ‘Where the golden sunshine gladly gleams, As they dance their way along. he appul-blooms—all smelly-sweet, the vi'let buds in hoods, 'N the little, sassy, scamp'rin’ things A-hidin’ in the woods; ‘N the mother-robin’s cheery note, A-callin soft 'n low, It makes the ache come in my throat Jest lovin® of ’em so. —Everybody's Magazine. Last of the Troubadowrs. At Compostella there has just died a strange individual, half tramp, half musician, with a certain dash of the poet about him, who, even in a land of Old World survivals like Spain, may probably be regarded as the very last of the troubadours. His name was Adolfo Garcia, and he was a native of Galicia. Equipped with nothing but an old fiddle and a great umbrella that served against either sun or rain and did service between times as an alpen- stock, he had roamed through every province of Spain. Arriving in tewn or manhood and wealth, and then, plac- ing himself under the windows, played and sang the old, old theme of love and chivalry, mostly to airs ¢f his own composing. The ditties were not devoid or the purses of the gentle maids who had been selected for the serenade.— London Globe. Our Gold Exhibit. Perhaps one of the most interest- ing exhibits, and certainly a very im- portant one, will be that made in the mining building. A great <=m- i village, he looked out for youthful wo- i + which will stand in strange contrast to the great modern stamp mills and cyanide plants which will be in this 2 | pected weapon assumed the form of a|exhibit. These stamp mills will bs The farming and farm products | pottle of cough medicine. “Well, I had | operated throughout a narrow escape, anyway,” sald theland fifty tons of ore weekly will be the exposition sent through the batteries to show how California miners handle their quartz. A jar of oil from each oil well in the State will form a con- splcuous feature of the exhibit.—Sun< set Magazine for April. The Spread of English. The reports from France unité in indicating an apathy, even among ths educated masses, toward the English language. There are, however, som& hopeful signs. Thus, the University of Paris, the College of France and the Sorbonne give great prominence to English and their example is fol- lowed by the provincial universitiss, the lycees, colleges, ecoles superieures. These efforts on the part of the stats are seconded In various ways in dif- ferent cities. Thus, at Dunkirk, lec- tures and instruction in English are given under the auspices of the Cham- ber of Commerce: at Lyons similar struction is given at the Palais dea Arts, Mr. Covert, the United States Consul General, having been one of the lecturers during the last winter: there is a polyglot club at Rouleaux that gives prominence to English; there are numerous private circles de- voted to English at both Marseill and La Rochelle; and an English club of about forty members was recently organized under the auspices of the Societe Industrielle of Rheims. In each of these instances the members are French, the social clubs of the English and American residents of Paris, Nice and Tours not being taken into account. In addition to this, it is quite the habit of well to do fami- lies in France to send their sons and daughters to England for the benefit of the language. No report indicates, however, that any are ever sent to the United States for that purpose, al- though some are sent here to study industrial and economic conditions. English is taught in the institutions of higher learning in Switzerland. This is supplemented by organizations such, for instance, as the English Club of seventy-five members at St. Gall and an even larger one at Berne, which city, the Consul writes, was not long ago “English crazy.” There are similar organizations at Lucerne, Basle and Zurich. y There is hardly more than inci- dental recognition of English in the twenty-one universities of Italy, while English philology is taught only in the technical schools, such, for in- stance, as those at Milan, Florence and Venice, which are not university seats. At Florence the Circulo Filo- logic: nd at Rome, Naples and Genoa similar organizations devote at- tention to English. . In Germany the language is repre- sented in the curricula of all the real- gymnasia and of the universities. There is an Anglo-American club at Chemnitz, and one at Soligen, while there is an English club at each of the cities of Hanover, Frankfort, Prague and Dresden. There are stu- dents’ clubs, made up of English and American students, at Berlin and Vi- enna.—Review of Reviews. Answers to Queries. SONOMA COUNTY—R. C. D. B, City. The area’ of Sonoma County, Cal., is 1540 square miles. GOOD FRIDAY—C. S, City. Good Friday fell on April 1 since 1500 1831, 1836 and 1904. It will fall on that date ‘| between now and 2000 in 1983, 1988 and 1994, A VERDICT—A. P., Vallejo, Cal. For good and sufficient reasons the Judge of a trial court has the right to set aside the verdict of a jury in a case of manslaughter, or in any other case, without a motion for a new trial by the attorney for the defense. BRITISH SHIPS—H. the King Edward VII class, all of which are under construction. The which will be indicated horsepower The other vessels are of the same dimensions and power. The warships next in size are battleships of Formidable and Queen classes, which are of 15,000 tons displacement, 400 feet long, 75 feet beam, 26 feet 9 inches dra ught, and 15,000 indi-