The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, March 9, 1904, Page 8

0. CALL, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 9, 1904. B | i ‘I S SIS S le Exercises. ANICE F g ERHUNE. ¥y Dires of Music in John the Baptist York.) Eht Joseph . B. taking up anything new Jlets given in the former practiced in other keys. occasionally start this A (the A below mid- doing his tones » not wish to have BY Writ (song the st New 1804 Bowles.) the or by Before exercise in tri legson must | The p exercise as low C), unless b We dle lose quality E ng to do with -alled “chest t at present, for when the “head 1 are thoroughiy placed the chest will come naturally, and the change from head to chest be not advise starting othér exer- as A, but the one in ques- high that the low notes ivantage rather than a disad- r the student has Lecome familiar t et exercise in all keys v reach he must take an- which I will now ex- It is in groups of four notes, the note of which is to be accented. The pupil should begin singing on le C, taking next D, E and C again, making the first group of four. Next come D, F, D, then E, F, G, E, then F, G. A, F, and so on gradually up the scale untl C (on the third space) is reached. After this the exercise begins 1o descend, but'in a different way. It starts on E (fourth space), followed by D, C, then E once more. After this D, C, B, D ap C, A, C, and so on until the pupil at last finds his way back to middle C. The accent should be carefully fol- Jowed in this exercise, as on this liter- #lly hangs the success of the whole ex- ercise. 1 say “hangs,” because each group of four notes swings in the air m the force of the accent given the first. mote. This is the longest exercise we have vetgiven the pupil, and for that reason | he must be Very careful about thé Lreath. He must be careful to take just as much breath as he really needs, &nd no more, for the exercise must go on with no appreciable pause to the end, and with no difference whatever in tone. He must try to breathe as un- ostentatiously as possible, and it wiil belp him do this if he remembers for a moment that he is breathing every mo- ment of his life, and that when not singing he never thinks of regarding Lreathing as labor or as anything ne- sesitating time. The breath comes and goes of itsel and there is always enough provided for our ordinary needs. 1t will be so, too, in singing as soon as brain and body become used to the new | form of exercise. The pupil should re-{ slize this, and remember that overexer- tion is just as bad as underexertion, whether in the matter of too much’| breath or anything else. | Our next exercise is to be a regular | scale form. The pupil must start on | C (middle C) and cqptinue straight | up the scale until he has compassed | en octave. Then, striking D, he sings | the descending scale, coming back to | middle C as the final note. The accent | s most important in this exercise, as| it is in all forms of the scale. The first | note of each group of four is to be ac- cented, and the final note, A, is to be | held. The pupil must sing the whole exer- | « e with one breath, being careful to make each note round and perfect in jtself, yet letting the tones rum| smoothly freely, relying on the ac- | cent. As soon as the student has succeed- ed in singing the exercise as it should be, according to the instrrctions al- | ready given, he must accent only on the first and eighth notes of the group—in other words, on middle C and on D (above third space). The impetus given him from the accent on ¢ must be enough to swing him up the scale to the upper D, and the accent on D must be strong enough to send him easily down to C again. 3 As soon as the boy has mastered the exercise in the key of C he must take it a half tone higher, and as he succeeds on each key in turn let him raise the exercise, until the limit of his voice is reached—that is. until he| has carried the exercise high as his voice can easily go. Remember that the voice must never be st- “ined. The child will not be expected to do any pyrotechnics for years, and our aim is to preserve the voice, not to maim it for life. These exercises are de~l signed simply to teach the boy how | 1o manage his voice when singing unpretentious little songs and to di- rect the growth of his voice along the right channel, that js all. 1 have chosen the above form of the scale tirst infpreference io those that come after, hecause it is the easiest 1o sing. The scile seems to run of jteelf in this exercise, and if the pu- p L keeps his mind upon what he doing there is little chance of his go- ing wrong in any way. 3 The “inverted phrase” idea (men- tioned in a former lesson) can be car- ried out to good advantage in this ex- ercise, particularly in descending the scale. for the pupil's impulse will be *tmaginary inversion,” giv- ing the idea that each note is’leading while in reality it is leading { ! each besinning, each change of key, | ercises. . is |3 STUDIES | _AND A e the pupil's voice should be perfectly fresh and fexible. If it is not so he be sure that something is wrong r in his way of taking the note or in his m r of finishing the note just sung. The next scale exercise is very like the one already given, except that it does not carry the voice to upper D. | It runs up the octave, as did the first exercise, but uses B (next below third | space) for the top note of the descend- ing scale, and goes down to the B be- | low middle C before finally ending on middle C. It is considerably harder to sing this exercise well than the one before it, for the latter scale is not | auite so conducive to free action as is the first one. It is, however,a valu- ble exercise, and one that should be practiced as much as the first, in spite of the fact that the pupil must watch | or rather listen to every note with re- | doubled care. Let him call in the aid of the “inverted phrase” as much as possible, for he will need it here, even more than in the last exercise. Now we will take one more exercise, after which we will be through with | scales. In this the student must start on C as usual, but must hold it one beat, thus making a quarter note of it. By this means the ascending meas- ure ends on B, while C (third space) starts the descending scale. It will be well for the student to | change from one to another—for in- | stance, practice the first scale exer- | cise on one day, the second on the | | | next and the third on the next, after which he should begin on the first again, and so on. It would not be well | for him to practice all three exercises in one day. in conjunction with the | other exercises I have given. In the | first place there would not be time, for | in order to practice them all he would | be obliged to slight some of the exer- | cises, which would, of course, defeat | 2t the outset the end he has in view. | Now, taking the ground that the pupil has reached the point where he breathes naturally and well, starts the tone in the right place without having to be told and knows how to manage the tone according to our simple rules when once it is actually out, he-is ready to learn a little song. There is nothigg prettier to be found in the way of children’s songs, I think, than those in the kindergarten collec- | tions, which can be purchased at any reliable music store. These songs are purposely written within the compass of the ordinary child’s voice and the | words as’a rule are admirably suited to the child’s understanding. Play the song over to the child a few times, singing the voice part your- self. Then let him try it with you | once or twice, as a whole. Then read | the words to him, so that he may gather the full meaning of the song. . | Now take the first phrase and, let- | ting hini try it, alone, see what he is | able to make of it. For this first song study be sure to | pick out something that is very simple | in construction and something that has considerable repetition in it if possible. Take, for instance, that sweet, familiar | little hymn: There is a Happy Land, far away: Bright, bright as This is known to us all and, while there is much repetition in it, it is sweet from start to finish and the mel- ody is one that children love always. When the child has learned two lines | of this he has learned four. When he has mastered the fifth and sixth lines he has learned the whole tune, for the last line is just like the second and fourth lines. In singing this hymn (or a kinder- garten song, as the case may be) he must, as soon as he learns the actual notes, think ahead toward the higher | notes always, in order to keep his voice | from falling or becoming heayy. In| saying this I am speaking only of the children who are inclined to wander from the key when not under guidance. There are children, 1 am happy s?) say, who sing perfectly in tune ‘ways. Whether or no the child clings nat- urally in tune, however, he should al- ways be taught to listen to his own tones while practicing, whether in the case of song or exercise. In fact, the song must be regarded as an exercise until the boy knows just exactly how to sing it. ~ Be careful that he does not, the mo- ment he finds himself on familiar ground (that is, singing something that he knows), lapse back into all his for- mer careless and unintelligent ways of singing. Insist that he observe all the rules of breathing, tone placing, and so forth, here, just as he does the ex- tand, It will be a good thing to have him try an exercise pr two first, always be- fore beginning his song practice. This will put voice and mind in a properly receptive state. Before leaving this branch of the sub- ject I wish to say a word or two more about the pupil’s enjoyment of the “thinking high” method. I hope you quite understand how he is to apply it to song rendering. Take, for in- stance, the first line of the hymn men- tioned above—"There is a Happy Land.” Land is on the highest note in this part of the tune; therefore ne must think of that note as he starts singing the line. In this way he will unconsciously lift and hold the voice aloft, so to speak, so that when he firally reaches the higher note he will take it as easily as if it were no higher| than the first one. I have dwelt upon this at consillerable length before, but it is one thing to be able to apply the rule to exercises and another to apply it to a4 song, while paying attention to JOHN — I THE SAN FRANGCISCO CALL D. SPRECKELS, Froprietor « « « - - - - - - . Address All Communications to JOEN McNAUGHT, Manager ....Third and Market Streets, S. F. e SO feaiis bisasas ave win EARCH, 0, 3904 GORMAN ISOLATED. ENATOR GORMAN furnishes an example of judg- S ment and astuteness gone astray, when touched with ambition to be President. He had acquired a great reputation as the safest and wisest tactician of his party. He guided it through the breakers and over the shoals of conflict with exceeding skill and courage, dur- ing his former service in the Senate. When his State re- turned him, his appearance was hailed with great satis- faction and he was at once put in his old position as lead- er of the minority and chairman of its caucus. He lost no time in beginning to make politics, but he- was, consciously or unconsciously, making politics for Gorman the Presidential aspirant, and not for the party {or the country. His first effort was to make a party is- sue against the Panama canal. At the time he did this it was known that fifteen of his colleagues would vote to ratify the treaty. Still he persisted, and was driven at last to make an inglorious retreat, under cover of some meaningless resolutions. He then faced about and took up the development of the natvy as an issue, declaring it to be unnecessary, and | faworing the diversion of the money required to build wagon roads at the expense of the Federal treasury. Some of the minority in both houses followed him list- lessly. He made the issue at the moment when the death of William C. Whitney led to a review of his illustrious career, and brought out his capital service in re-creating the navy. Still Mr. Gorman persisted until he is prac- tically isolated and his leadership is without vitality. Senator Patterson of Colorado, who sought to secure | amendments to the naval appropriation bill, took care to say that he believed in the development of the navy until it was ahead of Germany and Russia, and next to Gfeat Britain in fighting tonnage and offensive power. He de- clared that public sentiment would not in the future per- mit the navy to again fall behind that of any nation it had passed. That is undoubtedly a correct reading of public opinion, and, is another way of saying that Sena- tor Gorman is not in accord with that opinion, and his party will not follow him. A review of the political situation as it is seems to confirm the statement that a powerful element in the De- mocracy is seeking enlightenment upon the sentiment of the people, only to discover that when they find what it is, and try to follow it, they are led directly toward the Republican party. - This was the case in the Panama mat- ter and is true of the naval appropriation. Of course, irom a partisan standpoint this is very disagreeable to the minority, but it proves that the Republican party re- mains the exponent of the hopes, aspirations and policies of the people. No change is in sight, nor will there be any until entirely new issues arise that run into both par- ties and either divide them, or destroy the weaker one to build a new organization out of its fragments, as the Re- publican party was built on the ruins of Whiggery by the hands of Democrats who followed Sumner, Wilmot and Giddings. The present situation greatly resembles that, and after the campaign of this year it may go forward rapidly. In making issues distinctivé and individual to itself, the ex= isting Democracy is not successful. It has been weak- ened by expediency and opportunism. It would probably be in control of New York to-day but for Mr. Hill’s plank in the State platform favoring the expropriation of pri- vate property to Government ownership. He supposed that the coal strike would popularize such a declaration, but it did not, and his opportunism proved to be a sacri- fice of principle to expediency, made all in vain. Mr. Gorman’s reasons are plain. He represents organ- ized capital, and it has been behind him in the hope that he could make an issue against President Roosevelt that would be the instiument of his punishmént for his en- forcement of the anti-trust laws. But this has been a failure and the President remains, the representative of anti-trust sentimeént and of the optimism and progress of the country. He is not making a campaign nor issues for himself, but is doing his duty as he sees it regardless of personal consequences. Senator Gorman, on the other hand, sought to make issues for the benefit of his ambi- tion and has failed. The people look upon these existing issues of peace exactly as they have always looked upon the issues of war. The administration represents the building of the Panama canal and the enforcement of the law equally, and while these issues are foremoSt in the public mind the people will not swap horses while cross- ing the stream. 4 There is less partisanship in the country than for many years, because the President has made himself the repre- sentative of great unpartisan issues in which the whole people believe. It is interesting to observe that in the canal matter he became the representative of a practical- ly unanimous Southern septiment, while Mr. Gorman an- tagonized it. In regard to the trusts, he represents the whole country. Why not let it go at that, and admit that the public interests require that he carry out his plans aligned with the interests of the country? That will be the result, no matter what excursions Senator Gorman may take among the prejudices of t'\e people, in the at- tempt to pipe them together in his support as a Presi- dentfal aspirant. A street car conductor ‘of Elizabeth, N. J., when ac- cused of bigamy frankly confessed that he had been mar- ried forty-seven times without submitting to the delay- ing process of a single divorce. How in the name of all that is logical could the Mormons have missed this in- teresting benedict? In a Utah environment what he might have doné would dazzle the imagination of a Turk, THE UNIVERSITY SUMMER SCHOOL. HROUGH the efforts of President Wheeler and T the heads of departments at the University of Cali- fornia the coming summer school at Berkeley is to be distinctive in the educational activities of the coun- try. From the largest colleges of the East, the uni- versities of England and the great centers of learning on the Continent there is coming a corps of teachers such as no one institution of learning has possessed be- fore. Professor William Ramsay, the leading chemist, and Professor James Ward, the acknowledged authority upon psychology, will represent the highest scientific thought of England. From France and Belgium there are coming to Berkeley for the summer session Professor Hugo de Vries, the botanist, and Professor Sante Arrhenius, the physicist. Professor Jacques Loeb, the biologist of in- | ternational note, who is now a permanent member of the university staff, will also conduct laboratory courses at the summer session. T The summer school, which will be presided over by men of such reputation in the scholastic world, will s | they were in the juvenile agonies of cutting teeth? Did | the acme of the efforts made in this direction at the Uni- versity of California. 1t was in the summer of 1900 that the first attempt was made by President Wheeler to inaugurate a vacation school for the benefit of ali whose labors prevented a regular attendance upon the university courses. The teaching staff of that first school was composed almost entirely of university professors. The number of pupils was less than five hundred. At the last vacation schooi of 1903 there were more than a thousand pupils enrolled, many of them from large Eastern _universities. The faculty scarcely fell short in point of numbers of that engaged in the similar insti- P i g e s s tution at Harvard. With the announcements of teachers secured for the coming session, the University of Cali- fornia*has placed a higher standard upon the educational worth of its proposed summer courses than thas ever achieved by Harvard or any other American university. The coming of such great lights in the world of knowl- edge, even‘though their instruction will be completed in a short six weeks, carries with it a profound prestige for our State university. It is safe to say that no such ag- gregation of master intellects in the realms of thought has been gathered together at one time in the annals of American culture. That such a gathering should be brought about on the far rim of the continent, away from the centers of intellectua:l‘refincmem and activity in the East, is a significant earhest of what our university is doing for itself and for the intellectual uplifting of the Pacific Coast. 3 What has become of the great municipal hue and cry for the remodeling of local theaters that they may be. reasonably safe to the public and that in none of them shall lurk the menace of widespreading death? Our play- houses are as unsafe now as they were when our authori- ties voiced a warning against them. Have we so soon for- gotte~ the terrible lesson of the Iroquois? P ter what his merits as a prophet. He admitted to the Senate that he’is the father of forty-two chil- dren, all living—twenty-one boys and twenty-one girls, and is proud of them all. Eleven of them have been added to the census since the revelation abandoning polygamy was communicated through President Wood- ruff. The race may suicide, but the Smith family has a promise of continuance. - Mr. Smith must be a thrifty person to support the ex-- pense of such an extensive establishment. Utah cannot make a more attractive exhibit at the St. Louis fair than thesaliorly-two children, their one father and their five mothers. 1f accompanied by a history of their bringing up, it would give the country valuable hints in domestic economy. Did Smith walk the floor with the batch when THE SMITH FAMILY. RESIDENT SMITH is indeed a patriarch, no mat- he help steer them through the chicken-pox, croup. measles, mumps and the other ailments of infancy? Does he support an exclusive family tailor, dressmaker, doctor and shoe cobbler? Of course he needs no domestic chap- lain, for he can do-all that business himself. Do they all run out to meet him and clamor for peanuts and candy and search his pockets for small change? How is it at Chiristmas? Do they hang up eighty-four stockings for him to fill with sweetmeats, mechanical toys and Noah's arks? Mr. Brigham Roberts, who had a little collision with the House of Representatives in which he was derailed, preached a fervent sermon last Sunday in Salt Lake, in which he expressed his joy that President Smith’s testi- mony to the Senate committee had put the great truths of Mormonism before millions who could not have known them otherwise. May we suggest that the presi- dent’s evidence aiso puts a little too much family before millions, in proportion to the sacred truths that decorate it? The world has feared that it would be overrun by Smiths, and here is this one leading the vast army with forty-two more Smiths. As his record is forty-two, his twenty-one boys may be expected to enter the competi- tion, and if they do as well the result will be 882 more Smiths.. At this rate the Jones and Robinson families will find no place to lay their heads. The name of Utah will be changed to Smith and the gospel trumpet will call Smiths exclusively to salvation. Brigham Young is not 1n it any more, though he flour- ished before the anti-polygamy law. His successor in the presidency has done quite well in‘spite of the law. He is president and prophet, parent at large, and also a director of the Union Pacific Railroad. As such he has transportation privileges. When these forty-eight Smiths, fathes, mothers and children, take a trip on direc- tors’ passes, what chance is there for the non-polyga- mous public to get a berth in a Pullman, or a seat in a day car, or room in the diner? Brigham Roberts may be .right about the advertising the truths of Mormonism are enjoying, but he may be wrong about the favorable effect. The Grand Jury in Salt Lake will have work on its hands when the presi- dent returns to the bosoms of his five families. In a recent debate in the United States Senate the in- teresting fact was developed that certain naval officess, high in the councils of the nation, want to retire the battleship Oregon primarily for the reason that she has .not stateroom facilities sufficiently gorgeous to suit the fancies and satisfy the luxurious tastes of some of our fighting sailors. The suggestién to retire the great ship is an outrage. « Let some of our esthetic seadogs re- TALK OF His War Rates. On the edge of the Oriental quar- ter in this city is a modest, old-fash- ioned gable-ended house, wherein is domiciled a club, so-called, of Japan- ese youths who are studying the lan- guage and customs and some of the means of livelihood among us Occi- dentals. In pursuit of Western knowl- edge the daly newspapers have been generously utilized by these ambitious Youngsters from Nippon. For a long time one of their bright a small fee by reading to classes of young Japanese from the American press and translating for the benefit of his less fortunate listeners, who have not yet mastered the English. Since the outbreak of hostilities the classes have increased and many boys and young men have flocked to hear the daily news from the East. The little reader could see visions of much increase to his income by the demand for his translations, but here the in- nate patriotism of the Japanese cropped up. He would not seize the splendid commercial advantage to be gained and compel tribute from his int-—-sely concerned fellows. Not he. Instead the translator gave notice that while the war lasted his services would be gratis in dispensing war news to all who could be accommodated in the dingy clubhouse. And of such is the kingdom of Japan! Robbing the Robbers. It was in the '70's, and not when Chief Crowley was in office, that a rob- bery occurred in Chinatown that was never reported to the “upper” office. There were reasons for not detailing the detectives on the case, which may be explained thus: It was at the time when gambling was rampant among the yellow devils, and when gambling was prosperous in Chinatown certain officlals in the old City Hall were fat. At that time $3000 a month found its way into an office on the ground floor through a back door under the stair- way. This $3000 was payable on the 1st and 15th of each and every month. The $1500 was placed in a canvas sack in a drawer at the residence of a Chinaman on Jackson street, through which it used to be taken through Fish alley during the early hours of night to the City Hall. On this particular night in December while the trusted agent was going through Fish alley with the booty un- knocked down by two fleet-footed men, who grabbed the bag of gold and es- caped through a building into Dupont street. Thence they went their way re- Jjoicing. The agent told his story of the rob- bery to his employer, whom he found sitting in the back office, with the safe door open ready to receive the swag. What was said there was never print- ed, but after that the percentage was not carried through Fish alley. Convenient, Deafness. A number of racetrack men were standing in the betting ring at Oakland the other day. One of them, who was rather hard of hearing, had just hit the books for a heavy roll of the green goods, and consequently he was the center of an admiring throng, especial- ly those gentlemen known to be in the tout class. The lucky one absorbed the flatter- ings of the multitude for a few minutes and then, becoming tired, started away to place a bet on another likely one. He had gone but a short distance when he was approached by a tout all out of breath and it a hurry. “Say, can you slip me $10 till to- der his heavy overcoat he was hit on | the head with a stuffed club and THE TOWN OF AHE - tober 24, 1902, and no officer could _hiu'e been assigned to this vessel while {1t existed on paper. The Bureau of Navigation is charged with supecvision of the Navy Register and the numerous errors are not those of misprint, but solely due to incom- petence and indifference as to ac- curacy. The continuous repetition of these blunders may be due to the fact that the Bureau of Navigation has been so much occupied with the gen- eral staff scheme, calculated to broaden its control of naval affairs, as to eg- tirely forget all about its present dw of publishing correct information re- garding the personnel of the navy. Handy Interpretations. A few definitions of Chinese geo- graphical prefixes and suffixes may be of service in elucidating the nomencla- ture of current war news. First, pre- fixes: Ta, as in Taku, means great, and siao, as.in Siaopingthou, means small. Pei or pe, nan, tung and si are | respectively north, south, east and west. Thus the Pel Ho 1s the North River, etc. Shang and hai are upper and lower. Pai, hei and whang are white, black and yellow. Suffixes are more numerous and familiar. Kiang, ho tchuan, ula, muren and tchu each | and all mean river. Thus Yalu Kiang and Liao Ho are simply Yalu River and Liao River. Shui, kou, thsuan, khi, gol and ussu are unfamiliar terms, meaning a brook or small river. Hu, nor and omo mean lake, as in the well known Lob Nor. Po, tse and tlen mean a small lake or swamp, or a town situated near such a place. Hai means sea; thus Whang Hal is the Yzillow Sea, Tung Hai is the Eastern Sea and Nan Hai is the South- ern Sea. Tao, and sometimes shan, means island, but shan more often means a mcuntain range. Ling is a | pass over a mountain range. Nearing the Limit."’ ‘When the sedate London Globe pub- lishes a story like the following it is time to pull down the blinds. Says that sheet: “An extraordinary effect of ning is reported from Lake Grand- lieu, 1n the Nantes region in France. A violent tempest burst over the lake, with vivid %ightning and thunder. A number of boats were on the lake, and while they were hurrying to bank, there was a tremendous peal of thun- der. Almost immediately there fell among the boats the dead bodies of a large flock of wild duck, some of them roasted to a nicety, and some charred to a cinder. Roast duck, cooked by lightning, reads like a.novelty, even ia the freaks of meteorology.” Answers to Queries. FOREIGNERS NOT WANTED—A Subscriber, Geyserville, Cal. The Jap- anese Government has announced that it will not enlist in its army or navy light- morrow,” said the tout. " “I need the coin bad and I have a live one in sight.” “What's that?” asked the one about to be touched. “I can’t understand a word you say.” “I said,” shouted the tout, “can you lend me $20 till to-morrow?” “Oh, I thought you said ten a minute ago,”. answered the lucky man. The tout strolled away to look for something easy. Sunbeam and Daisy. T ain’t a wantin’ riches—though they're handy as kin Ain't overstocked with wisdom—kaze ‘twould run away with me! Don’t hunger fer the hilltop, whar the stars an’ storms you see— Give me a sunbeam an’ a daisy! The hilltop’s high to heaven, whar it sees the break o" day, An’ tells the worl' about it in a halle- luia way, But—give to me the meadows an' the music o' the May— Give me a sunbeam an’ a daisy! Too high the hills above thunder trumpets call; A feller on the heights o’ them looks wonderfully small! The peutpl:nln the valley air.the happiest o Give me l_nnbeam an’ a daisy! ' ——Atlanta Constitution. ‘where the An Inaccurate Register. The Naval Register for 1904, giving the date of duty or leave of all the member that the Oregon has made history and that it 1s an honor for anyman to command her guns, in peace or war. . S — After all, the Albanian insurrection, that promised so much of the spectacular in fanatical war, was only a flash in the pan. The fight ic over, the Albanians are paci- fied and the Turk is trumplint. For a sick man the cynic of the Golden Horn has the readiest recupera- tive faculty of any fellow on earth. He is strong in the weakness of his neighbors. —_— Imoi'ng the many luxuries suggested as desirable for the Russian soldiers now in the frozen fields of Man- ‘churia none were more prominently mentioned than that valued article of commerce, soap. What in the world do the Czar’s men want soap for? Have they developed an extraordinary eccentricity in epicurean taste? —t— e A member of the House of Representatives, whose name fame has not yet seized with approval, has un- burdened himself of the opinion that the newly con- structed office of the President in the White House is not fit environment for a second-class lawyer. Let us hope officers in the navy to January 1, has been published and distributed by the Navy Department. As an official ree- ord it is of little value, owing to the large number of inaccuracies, many of which are so flagrant as to attract at- tention at once. This carelessness in preparation manifested itself two years ago and the blunders have appeared in five subsequent; annual and semi- annual issues. The errors are any foreigners. The Japanese fear the foreigners might be sples the enemy. The Russian has no desire to enlist foreigners, having plenty of ma- terial to flll the ranks of both branches of the service. ANSWERS—Call Reader, Salinas, Cal. This department does not under- take to publish answers to questions on a particular day. Such are printed as soon as space permits after they have been secur d. Correspondents who desire “a hurry answer” should accompany the question with a self- addressed and stamped envelope and request an early answer. EARTHQUAKES—A w.‘. City. The cause of earthquakes has never been discovered. F. W. Rudler, an emi- nent physicist, in an articie contributed to the Encyclopedia Britannica says: “Even at the present day, after all that has been written on the subject, bus little is known as to the origin of earth- quakes.” Numerous theories have been presented as to the origin of the quakes, but the prevailing opinion is that what- ever their origin, whether from one cause or various causes, the vibrations of every earthquake can be traced to a focus within the earth, and that this lies directly beneath the point of great- est disturbance. ENLISTMENT—Subscriber, Geyser- ville, Cal. It has been held that mere- ly enlisting in the military or naval service of a foreign sovereign does not by itself work expatriation of a citizen of the United States. Naturalization is the highest but not the only evidenca of expatriation. Such acts, in addition ‘to the selection and enjoyment of a domicile as amount to a re- nunciation of United States citizenship cially numerous in the list of the lower | #nd & Willingness to submit to or adopt grades, no less than nineteen lieuten- ants, nine junior the obligations of a citizen of the lieutenants and | country or domicile, such as accepting thirty-three ensigns being credited to | public employment, engaging in mili- wrong ships or other duty at dates | tary service, etc., may be treated by that were incorrect. Thus Lieutenant | the United States Government as af- Edward Woods, who appeared in the | fecting expatriation. By expatriation is Register of 1902 as assigned to the | meant the renouncing of the citizenship Monterey on April 4, 1898, is now |of one country to adopt that of an- credited to the Mayflower under date | other. A man may change his citizen- of April 4, 1898. Lieutenant C. T. sMip, but he cannot change his na- ~ Owens is recorded as attached to the | tionality. Hist since June 19, 1897, and yet this —t—ee vessel was not acquired by the navy| Townsend's California glace fruits and until May, 1898. A third mistake is in crediting Lieutenant W. R. Sexton | friends. 115 to the torpedo-boat Dale since ber 15, 1899. destroyer named Dale, launched July 134, 1900, and placed in commission Oc- candies. G0c A pound. in artistic fire- ched boxes. A nice present East. Mavhes st above Calt o mlhmm‘lfl to houses and public men the Press Clipping eau (Allen's), Trornla street: Telephone Main 1648 =