The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, March 5, 1904, Page 8

FRANCISCO CALL, SATURDAY, MARCH 5. 1904. IN €Philippine eh, 1908 seph 2. Bowles.) the gun fights the 1g-range arms the end of the ut it. And his nuous as that var correspondent, of the soldier d. He malke akes history, of a future rks for small at the end of his The r battle as an ¢ of the innate sense ading pub- rerican t is as much inte lic that in the nality and in the field trials of the nt as in se of the generals mirals who hold the center stage. Almost, but not altogeth This is 2 interest, of course, that is not catered to by the conscientd yondent in the dis- charge The correspondent, intent up his work, never puts him- self in the lim although the busi- ness e of the newspaper sending him to the front does sometimes, when he is a2 man who has made a big repu- tation. The correspondent is too busy throwing the limelight upon other peo- hie task has elements of heart in it. Get one of the tribe to after a campaign, a8 some alk when the mood is on, .rhaps be astonished to learn that the life they lead is as peril- STRUCTIVE <+ newspaper sending out the men may make a profit by it. Having selected its corps of corre- spondents, the newspaper heading the syndicate assigns each to the part of the field of hostilities he is to cover and then makes application to the War Office of each belligerent power for permission for the men assigned to accompany its armed force to the e of his assignment. This permis- n is usually given, although not al- Lord Kitchener, for instance, would not tolerate the presence of war correspondents with his force in the Sudan campaign. In cases of that kind the work becomes harder, but must still be done. If the commander of any fleet or warship does not desire | the presence of special correspondents 1 his Government will not foree them | upon him. Every correspondent on an | American ship during the Spanish war | was there by courtesy of the com- | manding officer of the ship. i Having obtained permission 1o ac- company the fleet the land com- mand to which h s beon assigned, the special correspondent is told where or to report and to whom and when. He imust give his word, on his part, to conform to the rules of the seryice, ! and to send nothing to his newspaper without first submitting it to the cen- s with the army, or to the e ship he is igned to h 1 he observes this pledge {he is allowed to come and go as he »sted almost | ig in no danger, so long as he sticks | | | | | ous as the sold and as ardu- ous as the life of lowest soldier in the ranks. There is nothing in the world more arduous than that To begin with, the war correspondent is not a rule, selected by the editor | of a great mewspaper from the bright young men of his staff and sent to the front et a good salary and all expenses paid as a step in advance in his pro- | fession and a kind of reward for faith- | Whether the action he has seen be one | That is | often it is| ful service to his newspaper. sometimes dor but more pot. It is not always even men who have graduated out of the ranks of the working news; r men who go to the front. The element of luck enters into the thing largely I have known a £mall diplomat who chanced to be on|he would soon find his managing edi- the scene at the outbreak of hostilities to become a gr war correspondent. I have known private soldiers-in the ranks of the American army to gradu- ate into it. It often happens that local correspondents of big newspapers find their opportunity by being on the spot. But a very large class of the special correspondents are those men who, with the news instinct and some news- paper ng perhaps, find them- selves at the outbreak of war with in- dependent means and adventurous " the special correspondent is car he career of ous. The man at the theater of a - great or a little war, free to go and| come d not held in disci- pline are, must meet adventures. He cannot help it. Ad- . wventures are always going about there looking for a chance to be met. A man of this class, ambitious to - £0 to the scene of war as the repre- sentative of 2 newspaper finds it not dificult, in the beginning, to secure credentials, if he is a man of known standing. He finds it easier the more - often he goes to the front, naturally. Being a bright —an, with the trained habit of observation, his letters and cablegrams become steadily more val- uable end presently he becomes known as one of the guild of war cor- respondents. Then when war breaks out editors send for him and he makes hie own terms. The investment he had made of his means in the first instance becomes profitable, yielding him a livelihood. 8till another class embraces those men of letters who have made a rep- utation in the fleld of literature and who are sent out by great journals and great syndicates and pajd high salaries because of the value of their names attached to newspaper articles. Rudyard Kipling, for instance, went to the front in South Africa in this way. John Fox Jr. is now at the front somewhere in Asia. Richard Harding Davis is always at the front. These men write high class stuff, of course. They are not the worse re- porters because they are great. And the investment in them pays. And vet it may happen that Pete Smich, who began as a police reporter and did not get much higher until a stroke of luck came his way, will give more vivid de- talls of a battle. His name, neverthe- less, will not command so much at- tention in black letters at the top of a page. Every great newspaper does not send 2 representative to the war, al- though every great newspaper is rep- resented in every engagement. A war is covered, in America at least, by the syndicate s=vetem. One great news- paper, for instance, purposes to cover an impending war at all points, send- ing out the best men available, and then arranges to sell the stories of thirst for an | adventur- | | | upon application and he has a recog- He is | lines | likes, within reasonabie limits. furnishes passes through the nized status as a non-combatant. He to his trade, of being shot if he falls into the hands of the enemy. On the other hand he is in very grave danger all the time, as will readily be seen. If he is on board a | warship—where, as a matter of form, | he is generally assigned to staff duty, =o that he will find his place and go to it quietly when the men are called to | quarters—he must, of course, share the fortune of the ship when she goes | into action. If he is with a land force | he must get as close to the front as he can. The front is where things hap- pen, and he is there to chronicle hap- penings. If there ever was a time when a war correspondent could sit in a hotel a thousand miles from the scene of action and write a description of a battle comfortably to be cabled | at his leisure, that time is not now. | The march of events is rapid. The | man who would see must be in the middle of things. After a battle has been won or lost the special correspondent must hurry to the cable station to get his report | of the action filed, writing the report, if he can, on the way. He has been working all the time the others were | fighting, but in reality his work only begins in earnest when they leave off. | | mile away from a telegraph office or | a thousand, whether he finds himself facing a2 desert or a stormy sea, he| must spare neitheér steam nor money, nor ~man nor horseflesh to get into touch with the home office. Of course, he must not spare himself. If he did tor sparing him. A great man may witness a great action and write of it most vividly, and vet see himself beaten by a $15 a week | local correspondent of the North China | Gazette if he be lacking in the talent to move on the eable office 2t the psycho- logical moment. A successful war cor- respondent, in a word, must be always | and at all times the man who is on the spot. As the spot may have a habit of shifting over a thousand square | miles of plane surface it will be seen | that he must be well nigh ubiquitous. | He must be impervious to fatigue, able | to do without sleep, careless of hun- | ger, reckiess of danger, yet warily alert against it in the interest of the news- paper that has sent him to the front at | £normous expense. i | | In the Days of Daniel. When Senator Bailey and Senator | Tillman were having their discussion | recently over paternalism in the Gov- | ernment Senator Tillman said: “I live | in the country, and I have always lived | in the country, and I know more about farmers than the Senator does.” “Ah ves,” said Senator Bailey suave- ly. “I do not think there is anything the Senator from South Carolina does not know more about than any other Senator, if we take his own opinion | on that point.” “I beg to tell my friend that a great many South Carolinians have gone to Texas,” Senator Tillman said to Sena- | tor Bailey. “Yes, and we put some of them in . the penitentiary, too,” replied Senator Bailey. “Which in them days was consid- ered repartee,” quoted Sehator Kean solemnly and loud enough for all to hear. In His Steps. C. W. Campbell, British Consul in | Wuchow, has written a very interest- | ing report on a journey made by him | in Mongolia, giving a remarkably in- structive account of the mode. of life | in the interior of China. One very| peculiar custom is noted. Mr. Camp- bell tells us that he was particularly struck by the numbers of pairs of | boots hung in separate wooden cages in the archway of the main west gate of Hsuanhua, the valedictory gifts of beneficent prefects. It is an attractive custom in China to invite a departing | magistrate whose rule has been pop- ular to leave a pair of old boots for suspension in a prominent place as a hint to his successor to follow in his footsteps. Bingenhovsky. A soldier of the Russians oth ‘which Might add to his ‘moments Bt 'Sto0d besidy hi m To hear what he might say. The japanned Ri faltered As he took that comrade’s hand, And he said: “I never more shall see "I some. %«m For 1 was born at 1 | the Booker Washington dinner. | facts about it are that Booker Washington had gone | practice is rewarded with honors. ! to the White louse fo promote the appointment of an A THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL JOHN D. SPRECKELS, Proprietor . .« « . .+ « « . Address All Communications to JOHN McNAUGHT, Manager SR N R SN @ eeetieeeeeev.....Third and Market Streets, S. F. ...MARCH 35, 1904 POLITICAL SMALL BEER. HESE are the days ior making politics in Congress. T o matter what may be before either house, the discussion runs at right angles to it and is irrele- vant. One of the late manifestations of a desire to make small beer politics occurred in the House, when Scott, a Republican, endeavored to counter and parry, by saying that Mr. Cleveland had a negro to dinner with him while President. Mr. Gilbert of Kentucky, a Democrat, admitted the charge and declared that it was evidence that Mr. Cleveland is a Republican. Mr. Cleve- land, somewhat satirically, but positively, denied the charge, whereupon the Democrats applauded very effus- ively, and Scott apologized, but sent a shot into the opposition by saying he had been the means of getting for Mr. Cleveland the first applause from the minority that had grected his name for many years. It looks now as though the only issue left for the minority in this year's campaign will be what is called As far as known the eminent Southern Democrat ta a Federal judgeship. The President was about to go to lunch and invited Washington to join him, in: order that the consultation might continue. The invitation was accepted and the Democrat ¥ appointed. He had been the Governor of his S!atfi and makes an able and worthy Judge. In tHe whole affair there was no thought of social equality, nor any other eclement except the securing oi an able and feariess judicial officer. But it occurred just as the trusts were beginning their campaign against President Roosevelt to. punish him for his fearless en- forcement of the law. Their organs in New York took it up and proceeded to divert attention from the trusts to the negro question. In this they have ever since been ably supported by their Democratic allies. The position of a certain class is illustrated by a story current in Washington City. A Southern gentleman met Booker Washington there and proceeded in a florid way to commend him and his wbrk, declaring him to be the greatest man in the United States. Washingion disclaimed such ascription, and said that he was only a humble man who had selected his duty and was try- | ing to perform it, and said that there were others by thousands, greater and more worthy than he. “Name one, sir,” insisted the Southern gentleman. “Well,” said Washington, “President Roosevelt occurs at once as an example.” “Well,” said the Southerner, “I did think that once, but when he invited you to dinner with him, sir, I changed my mind.” It is the opposition policy to spread abroad-the idea that the President is unsafe, adventurous, apt to involve the country in war, and that he ought to withdraw our outposts, let the Philippines drop, and do a lot of things that the President of his own motion cannot do. The Democracy, in broad outline, is divided into two camps that may be called, respectively, the Cleveland and Hearst camps. One of Mr. Cleveland’s most highly re- spected acts was his Venezuela message, which dropped out of a clear sky, and was a challenge to Great Britain to war. Has President Roosevelt, by any act or intima- tion proceeding from his administration, come as near involving us in armed conflict? We by no means mini- mize the importance of that message. It was truculent to the last degree, and the remarkable fact about it is that the services of Mr. John Hay were at once enlisted in London to break its effect and placate English opin- ion, with the result that a peaceful solution was reached and war was averted. While all Americans may be sure that President Roosevelt will not permit an affront to his country to pass unnoticed, he is as safe as Mr. Cleve- land, or any of his predecessors. As for the other camp; in 1898, Mr. Hearst was yell- ing in large letters in his several newspapers, “Nail the flag to the Philippines; don’t plant it there—nail it.” He was warning the country that it was about to be dis- graced by President McKinley refusing to take the isl- ands, and he printed columns of attack on the President on that account. Indeed, Mr. Hearst in those days, wanted the earth and the kingdoms thereof, and seemed Jikely not to be contented with mere islands. Now he says in his own newspapers that he is the idol of the people and the popular choice for the Presidency, and that President Roosevelt is unsafe! All of this continually crops out in the incompetent discussions in Congress. The Booker Washington din- ner is merely the text for attacking President Roose- velt because he has appointed a few negroes to Federal office. But the latest use of the dinner issue has served to reveal the fact that Mr. Cleveland went to the Demo- cratic State, of Missouri for a negro appointee, who was assistant City Attorney under the T emocratic municipal government of Kansas Cit;;, and who, he says, served in the Federal office, to which he was confirmed by the votes of Democratic United States Senators, “with in- telligence and with efficiency.” In view of this revelation and of the further fact that Mr. Cleveland probably appointed as many negroes as President Roosevelt has, and for the same reason, their | intelligence and efficiency, we suggest that the minority may as well regard the incident as closed. Our admirably balanced courts have decided that the Board of Fducation has exclusive control of the, public school buildings in this city. In fixing this serious re- sponsibility upon the members of the School Board we should always keep in mind the names of the gentlemen when we look upon the unsightly barns ine which we house our children. If San Francisco is famous for many things, she is notorious for one—her shameful neglect of the proper housing of her school children. THE SMOOT CASE. S The Call predicted, the wide excursion taken by Senator Smoot’s answer in the contest of his scat has brought into the case the whole polity of the Mormon church and the practice of its leaders. The testimony given by President Stnith is what we said it would be, proving him to be in the practice of poly- amy ever since the manifesto of 1890, and in violation of the pledges made to secure the admission of Utah into the Union. Not only does President Smith make confession under oath for himself. but for his cousin, John Henry Smith, and other apostles, and for various Bishops and officers of the church. He declares, also, that his relations with his plural wives, of whom he has five, were of common knowledge. He lacked precision on’ only one point. Aiter admitting that he had many children born sinca 1890, he was in doubt about the exact number belonging to one of his wives, but said he would find out and report later. He also admitted that i | | | | sent of the church to become a candidate for a Senator- ship. As directly pertinent to the original inquiry this is of more interest than the admissions of polygamy. Ecclesiastical dictation of the political course and con- duct of citizens is insufferable under our system of government. The church, in all forms, has its position distinct from the state. ~ Neither can interfere with the legitimate functions of the other with safety to civil liberty. President Smith makes a special plea that he had married his five wives before the church manifesto of 1800, and did not propose to degrade them by ceasing relations, though he admitted that such course was un- lawful. It appears then that the.church sanctions that which the state outlaws, for he continued in the con- fidence .and achieved the headship of the church, not- withstanding his violation of the laws of the state, in | a particular which is supposed to go to the very heart of morals and good conduct. What in another is held socially and legally to be a vice of the most serious character is regarded by the church as virtue and its 1f Senater Smoot had confined the case to his own qualifications the only issue would have been the exer- cise of authority by the church in the political action of its members. This would have been a most difficult mat- ter for the Senate to decide. But he chose to impinge upon his personal position the practices of his church, in ich he is a ruler .and an apostle, and it scems clear now that the Senate will vacate his seat, unless- the progress of the investigation relieve him of the situation in which President Smith’s testimony places him. The whole matter acquires increasing importance and leads | public thought back to the first Republican national plat- | | | 1 H Smoot had to get the con- | | tourists. form, which denounced polygamy and slavery as “the twin relics of barbarism,” suggesting the same treat- ment of both systems by making their eradication a matter of Federal concern. While it is yet early perhaps to determine the worth of the various correspondents that are operating with such disastrous consequences to the armies and navies of Japan and Russia in the Far East it is comparatively easy, by elimination, to determine the distinguished un- worth of some of the gentlemen of the quill. For spec- tacular prevarication the British correspondents. have almost made that trinmph of yellow journalism, Douglas Storyism, a venial sin. A SAN ]/OSE TAKES THE PALM. S an advanced missionary for the palm as a street tree, The Call desires to commend the people of San Jose, for the use they made of Arbor day. | On the suburban avenue leading to Alum Rock Park they used elms and the Monterey pine. But around the school buildings, in Naglee Park and on the streets palms weres. planted. In the future there will be shown in the East pictures of San Jose in the winter months that will present a tropical aspect. San Jose is becoming more and more a resort for An excellent hotel there has helped to bring the town into prominence, and Lick Observatory has drawn further attention to it. Now its palm- lined streets will add to ils many gifts and graces, which are a lure to travelers. It had always the finest material advantages. It is the center of the prune industry, which has’ made conquest of the American market and already is a factor in Europe. It is also the greatest seat of the field and garden seed interest in the country, and has a strong hold in all forms of fruit production. The coast line of the South- ern Pacific has put it on an overland through route, and its prospects are as bright as can be boasted by any town on the ccast. The determination of the San Joseans to make the best use of the climate by making of their town a palm city is a keenly practical matter. It will increase tourist travel, and travelers who go to enjoy the resulting grace and beauty will look through and beyond the palms to the material advantages of the region and will buy home« and rural lands and become residents. It is s‘mpl_ another use made of climate as an asset, and a most important use. No California town can afford to do ctherwise. The same principle applies to country property. If an owner wish to sell a country ranch he should Legin by surrounding his ranch house with palms and orange and fig trees. It is known that in the market men buy with their eyes. Given two lots of fruit, of equal quality, but one artistically displayed, while the other is a slovenly jumble, and the one well arranged to attract the eye will find a buyer, while the other goes without. So.it is with cities and ranches. As we have the advan- tage of a climate in which such ornamertation is easy and cheap, its neglect is an improvidence that cannot be excused. We again preach the palm to the cities of the plain and the -coast. All palms are good and quick growers and they are ornamental from the moment they are planted. San Jose has done well. Now let Oakland and all -gitjel do as well. and California will get fame not only as the Golden but as the Oriental State. Korea, overwhelmed by the armies of Japan, threat- ened by the forces of Russia and destined to the horrors of war that it neither caused nor invited, intends, it is said, to ask us for help. Under existing conditions Uncle Sam cannot even give the balm of his advice. The best thing for Korean statesmen to do now is to preserve a few of the current maps of the world as sou- venirs, for it is among the things reasonably certain tnat Korea won't be known to the new mapmakers. A few da;’s since the college community of Berkeley gave its thoughts to the observance of Memorial day, the worthiest of holidays, the inspiration of purposes without equal in the activity of men and women. It is well to suspend our work and for a day look back at the splendid figures that led in the march of morality and good deeds. And Berkeley has many such to honor, revere and emulate. Disgrace, conviction and sentence to imprisonment have closed the career of Machen and others involved in the frauds upon the postal service. How unfortunate it is that these men could not look into the future and strike a balance-sheet of the profit and loss of dishonesty. It is difficult sometimes to estimate the motives. of crimi- nals except on the theory that crime is a disease. RSSO President Castro has closed the Venezuelan embassy at JVashington. This is one of those little diplomatic incidents that relieve the tedium of the capital. The less we hear of Castro the better we are pleased and it cer- tainly will be to his advantage to hear little of us. v TALK O ey Brannigan's Nerve. John Mitchell, ex-sergeant of the army, scout and Indian fighter of the early days of Custer, Wade and Miles, takes care of the guns in the armory over at the University of California. To the chosen few whom he delights to honor he recounts stories of the plains which should find their way into a book some day. The other day he grew rem- iniscent. “It was in '67,” said he, “when I was still an enlisted man and was with my regiment out in Wyoming, where the Sioux were keeping everybody on the jump. There were fifteen of us, under a sergeant by the name of Brannigan, and we had been away from the post on a little scouting expedition and were returning when this incident happened. “We had been riding hard all day without anything to eat, for we were only fifteen, you know, and the Indians were out, and in that case a man don't stop tc take anything like a course dinner on the plains. Well, We came up to a little station called Cedar Creek just as night came on, thinking to spend the night there. We found about 150 Rappahoe bucks camping there, too. “Well, sir, you should have seen that sergeant’s face when he saw those Rap- pahoes. No sooner had we unsaddled when about twenty of those bucks walked gver to us. They were awfully arrogant and carried rifles. Said they to Brannigan, ‘Grub.’ That was all “And, do you know, that Brannigan stood there and ordered us to give them an antelope we had, all our coffee, sow belly and crackers. We didn’t have a thing left. Then he walked up to the chief and gave him his plug of tobacco. Still those bucks just kind of hung around, restiess and uneasy—there were 150 of them, you remember. “We boys grumbled some and had to get along without anything to eat. Then when it get dark we began to make ready to turn in for the night. Bran- nigan had been getting more and more nervous as night drew on, and when he saw us getting out the saddle blankets that fixed him. ““Boys,’ he said, ‘we won't turn in to-night. We will just sit up and tell storjes.’ " - His Retraction. The campaign had gone wrong, as usual, for the editor of a struggling Republican paper in a Southern Cali- fornia town. To make matters worse, the Democrats, as is customary with the victors after a hot political bat- tle, held a general jubilation and par- ade. One of the features of the pro- cedsion was a float carrying a huge bell, which was beaten alternately by a negro and a white man named Joe Jeffries. It was sounding the death- knell of the Republican party. The morning after the parade the Republican paper appeared with a brief account of the procession and stated that among other features there was a float carrying a bell, beaten alternately by two negroes. Jeffries, who like the well-known Jeffries of to-day was handy with his fists, immediately sought out the edi- tor and threatened to scatter his re- mains over fourteen counties. The editor, like Moses, was a meek man and promised a retraction. It appeared the next day as follows: “We were in error in stating that the bell carried in the political pro- cession was beaten by two negroes. It was beaten by Joe Jeffries and an- other negro.” The Life-Saver. A few days ago several members of a fraternal society after the meeting adjourned drifted into a discussion as to the merits and demerits of the to- bacco habit. One of the party, John Griffiths, a brakeman on the Southern Pacific, startled them somewhat by quietly re- marking: “I have been a smoker ever since I was in my teens and to that fact I owe my life.” " He was pressed for an explanation. “I was brakeman on a freight train not long ago,” said he, “and as the train pulled out of Truckee I jumped on the cab of the engine to have a chat F THE with the engineer and fireman. When ‘we were bowling along at a good speed I put my hand in my coat pocket to get a cigarette, as I wanted to smoke, but discovered that I had left the package in my vest pocket in the ca- boose. I climbed over the cars till I reached the caboose. Just then I was thrown off my feet and after I had gathered myself up I jumped out of the caboose and ran forward. The engine had been derailed and the engi- neer and fireman killed. If it had not been for my craving for a smoke I would have been in the cab and no doubt would have met the same fate. That’s why I say tobacco saved my life.” Charles, Martyr. The Westminster Gazette of London in its issue of January 30 recalls an old superstition concerning the relics of the firgt Charles of England. It says: ‘“To-day is the anniversary of the execution of King Charles I. The shirt worn by him on the scaffold, his watch, his white silk breeches and the sheet thrown over the body after the execution have been preserved and are to be seen at Ashburnham Place, the seat of the Earl of Ash- burnham, into whose family they came into possession on the death of the monarch. The relics were once looked upon as cures, as recently as 1860 a sick person being brought to Ashburnham in order that he might get some benefit by touching them.” Japan Calls for a Poet. TOWN a poet among us Yet, with this lofty ideal, entirely consistent with Chris- tian sentiment. the Japanese have no really definite religious faith. As Sen- ator Beveridge points out in his book, “The Russian Advance”: “The Jap- anese soldier goes into battle burning with the thought of dying in the ser- vice of the good Mikado, dying for the glory of the flag of the Crimson Sun"— not for the glory of one or many gods. Virginia Tercentenary. Considerable interest has been aroused in England by the proposal to celebrate in this country the tercen- tenary of the founding of Virginia, the historical record of the date of the turning of the first sod on the Virginia plantations being May 13, 1607. It was the first British colony on the Ameri- can continent, and there is probably no portion of the United States where more numerous representatives are to be found this day of old English fami- lies, the younger sons of which came over during the reign of King James, in the train of Christopher Newport, after whom so many towns and cities have been named. It is on this ac- count that Virginia enjoys in a very special degree the sympathy and the good will of the English people, and especially of the British aristocracy, and under the circumstances the pro- ject of holding a world's fair at Nor- folk, Va., the busy and presperous city at the mouth of the Elizabeth River, is likely to receive a very friendly re- sponse from the old country. The Night Attack, There's the throb of the screw in the darkness. And the throb of the wave at the bow, And the captain steps out in the offing, With a muttered prayer and a vow. Then the strife of the gods of battle, When Death stands grim at the wheel— A tale of the strife of the puppets That go down in the ships of steel. “Clang!” A jangle of bells in the engine-room, And the Hell-fires glare in the stoke- hole’s gloom; Foy Life and Death on the signal hang. The smitten steel of the furnace rings. And the pent-up monster sighs and sings. The stokers know not why the order rang. But the steam gauge leaps at the sum- mons—“Clang’™ “Port!" b ‘Tis Death speaks low to the man at the wheel; There's a thunder of guns. The great ships reel What matter if Death waits in Honor's court? There's a ringing cheer in the wild turmoil Of the grinding jar of the gun's recoil. Then the lauched torpedo’s quick retort, And the battle is over—the ship's in port. ‘Tis the strife of the gods of battle, When Death stands grim at the wheel— A tale of the strife of puppets That go down in ships of steel. —Stanford Sequoia. Answers to Queries. EXPORTS—Subscriber, City. The ex- ports from the United States to Russia during 1903 were valued at $7,518,177, and to Japan during the same period at $21,622,603. EMMA ABBOTT—J. and R., City. It was in December, 1890, that the Emma Abbott Opera Company appeared in San Francisco. It opened at the Bald- win on the §th of that month for a two weeks’ engagement. RECORD—Satilor, City. When a ves- sel running between San Francisco and Portland, Or., makes a record the time is reckoned as between the bar In San Francisco harbor and the one at the mouth of the Columbia River. GRAND PRIX DE ROME—Subseri- ber, City. The Grand Prix de Rome, or grand prize of Rome, is a prize awarded by the French governmem for the best work in sculpture, painting. music and architecture. It is confined to French subjects over 15 and under 30 years of age. RUSSIANS—L, City. Russians are called Muscovites from the fact that at one time Russia was Muscovy. The Slave are a race of people widely spread in Eastern, Southeastern and Central Europe.. The Slavs are divided into two sections, the southeastern and western. The former comprises the Russians, Bulgarians, Sero-Crotians and Slovens; the latter the Poles, Bohemians, Mora- vians, Sberaks, Wendts, etc. From the fact that the Russians are included in this category is the reason that they are designated as Slavs. Tatar or Tar- tar in the Middle Ages was the name given the hosts of Mongol, Turk and Tatar warriors who swept over Asia under the leadership of Jenghig Kahn. The name was afterward applied to the descendants of these hosts, now inhab- iting the steppes of Russia in Europe. Siberia (the latter with an additional intermixture of Frunish and Samoyetic blood) and the Caucasus, such as the Kazen Tatars (the remnants of the Kiptchaks, or “Golden Horde™"), the