The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, February 29, 1904, Page 4

THE RY 29, 1904. JUSTIFIES THE MUSCOVITE IN RETAINING MANCHURIA Frederick Wright Reviews Long Struggle for Predominance in Far East and China’s Failure to Safeguard Interests of Foreigners: yetween R and Japan is mark one of most Important 1 human of polfticians but is the re- binat tar-reaching 1t It 4 { three great and expand in Manchuria e natior Russia, with at meets fi- 149,000, te tocked states- Japan mpelled to do some- with her nlarging hick rmed tween the thres RUSSIA'S PJARLY MOVEMENTS. ut as Ru »earance of pretty gen- n ex men Amur River, st by nd by t h the rope claimed to b ¢ con wh ions of America the Rus: e valley of this great r The country wé t where sides ave aimed to China, and up to con- its mast y all the Am land River down their flag where on sed. Then, a= an the Crimean icipating would Gove measures n most impor geography k Aitic prov- head amchatka of 1854. The exiles « ad been bestowed. A large ges were built in the of the Amur and first steamboa that ever fieated upon the stream was The permission of China to transit through her ter The such wait qn its upon f did n but presumed ug hi# ex n o 3 FRENCH-ENGLISH REPULSE The sk was repulse a Vi nch His plans were successful. off fortress of Pe nglish s sastrous was their defeat, | k the English admiral com- mitted suicide from mere chagrin. But Muravieff did not land and France w Id renew the at- - { tack work to prepare for a similar expedition | implicitly. tory | o see that Eng- | in the following year. But he learned something in going down the Amur which led him to enlarge his plans. had learned that there were no Chinese 1 upon the north side of the , that China during the 170 years ty of Nertchinsk had done to settle, develop or pro- untry. He therefore took iberty of establishing Cossack set- ments upon the north side it down the river, that they might hand to render assistance in the of his troops in the autumn the river should be frozen over. nwhile he had ordered the evacu- n of Petropaviovsk and the concen- tion of the Russian rive since the tr hing return he was suce: the e ssful, completely baffling orts of the French and English erfere with his plans. The Rus- settlements upon the Pacific coast saved After the close of the Crimean war the work of diplomacy began, and China was induced, for what she | thought was adequate compensation, to cede to Russia all of the unsettled re- gion which Muravieff had brought to ight on the north side of the Amur River d on the st side of the Us- suri, a t nch which comes in from the south where the Amur takes its sudden turn to the north. On an elevation in ngle between these rivers the city Khabarovsk ar and in a most conspicuous place a statue was later erected ravieff, who for h services was decorated as Count A ski. Through these negotiati =ia obtained the magnificent rbor of Viadivostok, in about latitude 43 de- grees, hich is that of Portland, Me. This is one of the most magnificent wrbors in the world, to be compared with that of San Francisco and of Ta », and was so far south that from ice the larger part of Naturally the Russians at set about fortifyi another year and hence set at|the Russians were trusting the Chinese He | he | Cossacks and Chinese soldiers in small | fleet at the | orders uth of the Amur River. Here again | | | i vestchensk, on the Amur as the bombardment by the Chinese be- | gan, while the Russian soldiers had all this. Its hills rowned with forts cks were the Pacific fleet was en- livostok was for fifty n 1se center of vi Pacific coast, soldiers were gathered and protected and where a new door ned for commerce to reach | the i of Russia’s Asiatic do- nin But still it was a long and esome route to reach the interior, for the route d the transport of yverland and then of mor iiles of uncertain river navi- h Transbaikalia and the great military road passing through Si- But meanwhile the colonization n ter was proceeding with great ravidity. Tens of thousands of Russian sants had come in to settlements and bring n institutions into the valleys Amur and the Ussuri rivers. "ROPE BALKS JAPAN. Thus matters went.on until the war | 1894, | between Japan and China in »an humiliated the .Celestial tured her great fortres: 1d Port Arthur, on op- i of the entrance of the Pechili. But, in finally con- peace with China, Germany, posite Gulf of cluding - and Russia, with England as nt spectator, came in and ad- Japan to withdraw from Port ur, and to be content with the d of Formosa as her indemnity It was not thought best uropean powers that Japan hold upon the continent, hould disturb the balance of and lead to the subjugation of In the meantime France took ion to st 1 China, Germany to take pos- session of Kiaoehau, on the south > of the Shangtung Peninsula, and England to seize Wei-Hai-Wei, al- though this was not done until after Russia had obtained from Chin: sion of Port Arthur as 3 aft | Russians o the ined b; occurrences treaty pe to build railroad from T ilia ac Manchuria to Viadi- wigh a branch line running in 700 miles southward to 1ey also obtained the -5 Talienwan, afterward called Dalny, for a ial. port near by According treaty president of the railroad was al- ays to be a Chinar and the Chi- The immense sums of money already expended along the line of the road had created property values amounting to hundreds of mil- lions of dollars, which were complete- Iy at the mercy of the Chinese, while the lives of the engineers who were building the road and their families | were equally exposed. In the journey of 700 miles from Port Arthur to Har- bin we encountered at alternate points squads, and were guarded on our way from one post to another sometimes by mounted Cossacks and other times by mounted Chinese soldiers. But suddenly, before we were fairly out of Manchuria, the Chinese, obeying from Peking, suddenly turned upon the Russians without giving any warning and burnt and destroyed all the property within their reach and en- deavored to kill all the foreign popula- ! tion. We arrived at the city of Glago- River, just been sent away from the place, leaving the city in a defenseless condition. On | our way up the river two gayly dressed | mandarins boarded our steamer and| were put under arrest. It was found that they were loaded with placards | calling upon the Chinese to Kkill all ths | foreigners and destroy all property | within their reach and carried with | them detailed plans for the capture of | Blagovestschnsk, on theeRussian sids of the river. MANCHURIA GARRISONED. Of course there was nothing for the Russians then tg do but to send troops into Manchuria, restore the railroad and themselves carry out the provisions | of the treaty. The Russlans contended, and so far as I can see justly, that the Boxer war changed conditions and that there has been no time since that it was safe to withdraw their troops. Manchuria has for a long time been y a land of robbers, who have roamed about in bands which Chinese troops have never been able to subdue. A “robber trust” formed by the larger bands to put down‘the smaller ones has afforded about the only safety there | has been to travelers and merchandise | pasging through the country. For a cer- tain sum of money these larger bands | would agree to protect the property in | transit, that long trains of teams with the flags of these bands upon them 1 as a badge of protection was an or- | dinar ight. The promises which | Russia has made to -evacuate Man-| churia have never been unconditional, but have always been connected with provision that the Chinese Govern- | ment should be able to guarantee pro- tection of the vested rights that have grown up about the railroad.. They have never had the thought of allow- ing the railroad to be exposed again as it was in the 'summer of 1900. A second proviso, also inserted in these promises of Russia to evacuate Manchuria, was that they should be re- lieved from danger of attack from an outside party.. has ted clearly to Japmi,"gwgr er $: she was compelled to give up Port Arthur has been straining every nerve to increase her navy and perfect her army so as to be in position to regain the ground then lost. In propertion as Japan con- tinued to increase her military prepara- tion it was evident that the only hope of peace was for Russia to be so well | | prepared for war that Japan would not | \gthen her hold upon | dare to attack her. But the efforts of Russia to ward off an attack by means of ample prepara- | tion have been unavailing. The clash of arms has come. It is one of the great conflicts of the ages which has so long been gdlng on between the white and :llow races. Russia, which shielded Vestern Europe from the invasion of | the Mongol Tartars under the decsend- ants of Jenghiz Kahn in the thirteenth century, i now deciding the question whether a white race shalil be permitted to have a permanent hold upon an¥ | available portion of the Pacific coast of | nese were to give military protection to the road and to shield it from all extraneous attacks, while the railroad | company should preserve order and decorum on “the lands assigned to the ilway and its appurte The Chinese Government was to ve the lege of purchasing tiroad after the lapse of e ars, In accordan agreement, | the Chinese Eastern Railroad Compa- | ny set to work building 1800 milks of | railway through a region that hitherto | was inaccessible, and was on the ymplishing its work in summer of 1900, when the Boxer i evolution broke out. As I traveled through the whole length of the rail- | road under construction at that time {1 know from personal observation that It is easy to see that the inter-| of the vast population of Russia who are now in Central and Eastern Siberia, and who are to be there in still | greater numbers in the future, are| vitally at stake in this contest. It is Asia | hardly possible that the best interests of the world should be secured by hav-' ing the population of Central and East- | ern Stberia shut up to an outlet into the | Pacific Ocean by way of Kamschtka and the sea of Oksotsk. But Japan, too, is in great need of an outlet for her increasing population. | Korea and Manchuria open to her al-| most the only opportunities for expan- | sion. Behind both these governments | now in conflict there is the pressure of urgent necessities. Neither of the gov- ernments could resist the popular pres- | sure that is brought to bear upon them. | Any compromise that either wnuld‘ make would be distrusted by the peo- | ple. Those who have comprehended the | forces at work have for several years past seen that no settlement between | these two nations could satisfy either | party and be lasting, except one that was secured by the stern trial of strength on the field of battle. RAILROAL WAR 1S PROMISED Building of a Short Liae in Wyoming by an 0il Com- pany Presages Struggle sl h to The' Cail OMAHA, Feb. From present in- dications, the opening of spring will an old-time railroad war in the West, and when the smoke of the bat- tle has passed the Chicago and North- weéstern line mi be running into Ogden and Denver on its own tracks, the Union Pacific will have a line to Yellowstone Park and into Central Wyoming, the Burlington will have built into Sioux City and, together with the Hill roads, established a direct line from Duluth to Denver; the Milwaukee may have reached the Black Hills, and another line may have superseded the Northwestern in the Union Pacific's through line from Chicago to the Pa- Special I these changes are plainly in because of the action of the Belgo-American Oil Company in build- ing a comparatively short line in Wyoming in order that its oil may an outlet te a market. Th company made a purchase of immensc tracts of oll lands in Central Wyoming some time ago. A formal announcement was made last week through Governor Chatterton of Wyoming that the oil company would construct a railroad | from Casper, Wyoming, or Orin Junc- tion, Wyoming, along the Platte River to Lander, Wyoming, and thence north- ward into the Big Horn Basin country. | The first part of the route would en- | croach upon Northwestern territory, while the Big Horn Basin is laid claim to by the Burlington road, which al- ready has a line into that country. To protect its territory the North- western has announced that it will im- mediately construct a line from its present terminus, Casper, westward to Lander and northward toward the Big Horn, thus completely paralleling the oil company’s lines. When the Northwestern reaches it will be within 150 miles of Ogden, the esstern terminus of the Southern Pacificc, of W. A. Clark’s new road, San Pedro, and of { another new line which is being sur- veyed between San Francisco and Og- den. The Burlington road will un- doubtedly begin the construction of a line from Omaha to Sioux City in retal- iation. When the Union Pacific backed by the entire Harriman list of roads swings into the fizht its first move will , undoubtedly be to purchase from the Colorado Southern that segment of road running northward from Chey- enne, Wyo., to Orin Junction and form- | ing connection with the new lines of | the Belgo-American Oll Company { which it will probably purchase and | extend to Yellowstone Park, also fifty miles from the Belgo-American termi- nus. | As a trump card the Northwestern | will then extend its line from Lander into Ogden and in connection with the | new road from Ogden or Salt Lake to | the Pacific be independent of the Har- riman roads. | Heving a line of its own across the | country, the present traffic agreement { with the Union Pacific will be abrogat- |ed and the Northwestern trains will [\;s(- their own tracks west instead of the Union Pacific’s, Lander, Wyo., WOULD REFORM BRITISH ARMY Lord Esher’s Committee Sug- gests That Officers Teach War in Time of Peace LONDON, Feb. 28.—The second re- port of the Lord Esher committee has been issued and gives details of the proposed War Office reform. The most important recommendation of the committee is the creation of a gen- eral staff, which, in the words of the committee, “consists of a department devoting undivided attention to’ mili- tary problems in the widest sense and a body of officers occupied in time of peace in training all ranks of the army and prepared to direct operations in the field.” ' Other important recommendations are the organization of the army by brigades instead of army corps, the creation of five “generals command- ing in chief,” commanding troops in five districts, freed from routine work, which will henceforth be in- trusted to eight administrative dis- tricts under major generals, and the abolition of the linked battalion sys- tem. With a view to insuring the in- fusion of new blood the committee urges four years as the maximum period during which an officer shall serve as military member of the Army Qouncil. ¢ He would then resume active service least five to one. Men and women, who 1 If all the people in the United States, Canada and Geeat Britain who make daily use of Stuart’s Dyspepsia Tablets could be assembled together it would make an army that would outnumber our army of one hundred thousand by at only part of the thousands who use this popular preparation, the greater number are people who are in fair health but who know that the way to keep well is to keep the digestion per- fect-and use Stuart’s Tablets as regularly as meal time comes to insure good digestion and proper assimilation of food. 2 Prevention is always better than cure and- disease can find no foothold if the digestion is kept in good working order by the daily use of Stuart’s Dyspepsia Tablets. Mr. Thomas Seale, Mayfield, Cala.,, says: “Have used and recommend Stuart’s Tablets because there is nothing like them to keep the stomach right.” well by taking them regularly after meals. drugs, simply the natural peptones and digestives which every weak stomach lacks. lets.are sold by druggists everywhere in the United States, Canada and Great Britain. ADVERTISEMENTS. The Army of Health Are in Daily Use hy more than 500,000 People. are broken down in health, are The army of people who take Stuart’s Tablets are fnost]y people in fairly good health, and who keep They contain no opiates, = e =~ e % R s R Tt & o% G S . e s o ~ PR > = S o R R R e e LA eB A ey, SR s s A AN RS A (S s S D PN P s g L T Yaaks 32 b oy & Miss Lelia Dively, 4627 Plummer St., Pittsburg, Pa., writes: “I wish everyone to know how grateful I am for Stuart’s Dyspepsia Tablets. I suffered for a long time and did not know what ailed me. I lost flesh right along until one day I noticed an advertisement of these tablets and immediately bought a 50 cent box at the drug store. Iam only on the second box and am gaining in flesh and color. I have at last found something that has reached my ailment.” From Mes. Del. Eldred, Sun Prairie, Wis.: “I was taken dizzy very suddenly during the hot weather of the past summer. After ten days of constant dizziness I went to our local physician, who said my liver was torpid and I had over- heated my blood; he doctored me for two weeks without much improvement; I finally thought of Stuart’s Dyspepsia Tablets (which I had used long before for various bad feelings) and the first three tablets helped me. They are easily the best all-around family medicine I ever used.” cocaine or any cathartic or injurious Stuart’s Dyspepsia Tab- RUSSIA’S WAR RULES PLACE FOODSTUFFS ON LIST OF CONTRABAND ST. PETERSBURG, Feb. 28.—Rules of war were published officially to- night. An august decree had been re- ferred to the ruling Senate by the Min- istry of Justice for the laying down of the rules which Russia intends to follow during the war with Japan. The original draft of these rules was in dorsed by the ( r with the words: “It must be s0.” " According to rule 1, Japanese sub- jects will be allowed during the war to remain in Russia under the protection of the law and will be permitted to pursue peaceful occupations. Japanese living in the East under the jurisdic- tion of the Viceroy arg excepted. Rule 2 declares that Japanese mer- chantmen which were in Russian ports when war was declared will be per- mitted to remain there, but they must leave when they have loaded their car- goes, which must not include contra- band of war. Sufficient time will be allowed for loading, but in any case these vessels will be allowed not more than forty-eight hours after the publi- cation of this proclamation. Rule 3 says that subjects of neutral States will be allowed to carry on busi- nes: uninterruptedly with Russian ports and towns, provided they observ- ed Russian law and the principles of international law. Rule 4 points out that it is the duty of the high military authorities to take | all steps to insure the freedom of the lawful trade of subjects of neutral States, in so far as their commerce is permissable under the exigency of war, Rule 5 says that, ‘n regard to neutral trade, the following points must be observed: (a) The flag covers the cargo for a belligerent, excepting contraband of war; (b) neutral goods under the enemy’s flag, except contraband of war, are not subject to confiscation; (c) blockades, to be obligatory, must be effective, thgg is, they must be of sufficient force To cut off appreach to the enemy’s territory. ¢ According to rule 6, the following will be regarded as contraband of war: (a) Every kind of small arm and guns, complete or in separate parts, and armor; (b) parts of firearms and ammunition; fuses, shells and bullets; (c) caps, cartridges, cartridge cases, powder, saltpeter, sulphur, explosives, or materials for purposes of explosion, such as mines, dynamite, pyroxyline, various explosive substances, con- ductors and everything for exploding mines; (d) everything appertaining to artillery, engineering and troop trains. such as gun carriages, timbers, cartridges, ammunition boxes, field- GBI % i v v S for at least one year before again serv- ing in the Council. The same rule, the committee urges, should be enforced throughout the military staff of the War Office. In order to emphasize the allegiance of the army to the King, the committee recommends that nobody except the King, or his representatives abroad, should hold levees, and the committee also urges that no levees should be held except by royal com- mand. A feature of the report which meets with general aporoval is the final dis- appearance of the Brodrick system in- volved in the abolition of the army corps with the exception of the first, or expeditionary, army corps at Aldershot, which is still retained. for the enem under a neutral commercial flag, if | their construction and internal ar-| rangement or any other indication | make it apparent that they have been | horses, beasts of burden and any other ports, even if sailing | ‘f"‘ gt confiscated. Government part from the foregoing decis Traction Company’s road collided with | rooms at a field kitchens, instrument|animals intended for war purposes, if (a work train, carrying thirty laborers, wagons, pontoons, bridg trestles, | they are sent at the enemy’s cost or | near here day th irs were i ar 2 der. completely olished. Although the barbed wire, horse harness for trans- | rder | completely dem hort service, et (e) material for Neutral states are forbidden by rule | limited carried a number of passen- P ipment and clothing of troops, | 7 to transport the enemy’s troops, to |gers only one person on that car was St a6 banllollers knupancks. - sword y letters or dispatches for<the |jinjured. Six of the laborers were in- belts, cuirasses, entrenching tools, | SNeMY or to place transports or war- | jured, three probably fatally. drums, field kettles, saddles, harness, ";;‘;:‘Sflj“!‘p;’:Txl‘;‘"ec’z)‘r‘“:“‘}‘):l‘"‘;“‘;:; —e B0 Sl uniforms, tents, etc ; (f) ships bound | e ' DOWIE HAS EXCITING according to circumst not only be seized, but also can be TIME WITH HOODLUMS Australia, Feb. 28— Dowie’s meeting this to rule 8 the Imperial reserves the right to de- ms with According MELBOURNE John Alexander i arlike purpose: r are for E afternoon in the Exposition building B O o Soetinen 1o be nanded ovor | To8ard to a neutral or a hostile power | L ZFUR0 6 JI0 SrRee o te outing ito the enemy on reaching their desti- | WHICh for lts part does not observe | . 5 'singing comic songs. He was el e kind of ships' ma- | jis regulations suit especial circum- | cbliged to abandon the evening meet- parts; (h) every kind of fuel, such as ! stances. oAt :1}-: lé:‘n\"ih\) :(n:‘\ Tll“s;” : (-h‘aspd :rmmn‘. Foast n;\lv?sh':h:fl]::{t Tsteriuls; () | - Many Hurt by Collision. | yelling challenges to him to Justify him Brerything intended for warfare on| TIPTON, Ind., Feb. 28.—A limited | as a prophet. Public antagonism is land or on sea; also rice, foodstuffs, |interurban car on the Indiana Union | so strong that Dowie has been refused nable hotel. ADVERTISEMENTS. £ Porsseamio ers T ALSTEVENS T CutiEs. ) == et RurnHaroY gs# ¥ Ave, KNowLTON Dumll&xl Co., Chicago, TIL. 20, Jan. 30, 1902. DAt Sy oo, £ e o T l..fiunlm:!hm v'v-e mlmmedm 1t) about the same time, and which of us can. 18 the & at RTOWS. Aro We best advantage? Kindly answer Danderine will maKe your hair grow thicKer, longer and more beautiful than it ever was in your life. None Cax Be BETTER DANDERINE is prepared by one of the best chemists in the world, a man who has had some 40 years experience and is perfectly familiar with the medicinal properties of every drug known to medical seience, and he says that it is absolutely impossible for anyone to produce a better or mors efficacious hair tonic. Its use makes the scalp healthy, the hair strong and full of life and there seems to be 2o limit to the growth it will Prouuce. No other remedy ever discovered will give such brilliancy and individuality to the hair. DANDERINE alone produces that dainty softness and lustre so much admired. Just a few applications of it wiil make the hair fairly sparkie with new life and vigor. Miss Hardy the young lady whose photograph we show here commenced with a 25c. bottle, and she says that her hair, when she began with Danderine, was not over 18 inches long and it is now over four feet in length, a gain you see of 30 inches. Danderine shows results almost from the very start, and it has been proven beyond any question of doubt (in many thousands of cases) that it will not fail to produce the desired results in every case where the treatment is kept up with moderate regularity. : by return mai i to pfy ‘postage. (At all druggists in three sizes, 25¢., 50¢c. and ‘1,‘3 KNOWLTON DANDERINE Co., CHICAGO, FOR SALE AND GUARANTEED BY To show how quickly it acts we will send a large sample free REDINGTON & CO., Wholesale Agents.