The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, February 27, 1904, Page 8

THE. SAN . FRANCISCO CALL - INSTRUCT P———— Hozw Nature Acts. BEY W. R C. LATSON, M. D. (Bditor Health Culture Magazine, New York.) Copyright, 1904, by Joseph B. Bowles.) ‘Self-preservation is the first law of nature,” and in the workings of the human body this invariable tendency to seif-preservation initiates and dom- inates every one of the body's myriad activities. A cough, for instance, is merely a blast of air forcibly expelled from the lungs for the purpose of dis- lodging either accumulation of mucus or some foreign body that has found ity way into the upper air pass- ages Now, a cough seems a very trifling | act, but were it not for the cough which carries out with it the mucus or the foreign substance, the result would be grave injury to the body, if not death. It sometimes happens that through injury the nervous path from brain to lungs is broken, or the nerves leading from lungs to brain may cease to act eign substance is not discovered or if discovered there is inability to cough | it away. This condition always ends fatally. Secretions and foreign sub- stances which enter the lungs or air accumulate until the func- the lungs are destroyed either being clogged up or by inflamma- has happened that a man at- ng suicide by cutting his throat de by tion. 1 the mistake of cutting too nder the jaw and has suc- n dividing two of the leading to the lungs. A man in condition will live for several He will finally die of suffocation nflammation due to for- it be asked, can a considered of self-preservation, that is of conditions for life and he, Let us consider first a yawn. We know that in sleep or in a state wsiness ail the vital operations as a 2 sigh better W The beats more | 3 e lungs take in less oxygen, e around the internal | while the stomach, liver and other members all do less work than would be required for ordinary active life. Now if, after a period drowsiness, or of sleep, the rouses himself even to a slight ¥ instan ene; body there is an aded de- To support this en- more oxygen and more blood. How can this be ob- tained most quick Why by a deep, full and slow insp fon and at the | time by such a stretching of all 1scles, arms, legs, trunk, neck, of the jaws, that the blood shall be drawn from its comparative stag- nation around the internal organs to the muscles. 8o, among all the higher mammals, as well as among children and people of primitive habits, the yawn and the stretch are instinctive acts leading to relief from that vital slowing down which accompanies sleep or drowsiness. Now, the sigh in some respects re- sembles the yawn. When one concen- trates the mind firmly on some problem there is more or less tension of all the muscles. If the situation involves un- pleasantness or worry there is gener- ally motion of some kind—drumming with the fingers, fumbling or other movements. Body, then, as well as mind, is extremely active. But if the mind, instead of being concentrated, is merely contemplative, as in reverie— thinking of one loved or of one dead or of -any other great joy or grief—then there is quite a different state of the muscular system. The muscles of the limbs are not tensed, and there is little or no disturbance of the circulation. There is, however, in all contemplation, reverie, grief, sadness or meditation a tendency to fixation of the muscles of the chest—that is, to hold the breath. The writer has observed a woman deep- 1y immersed in grief over the death of & child who in the course of one min- ute stopped breathing twice, once for twelve and once for eight seconds. Then she sighed heavily. Why the sigh? Because the holding of the breath meant a diminution in the supply of oxygen, which after a time caused op- pression and distress. The sigh was sim- ply a long, deep. effortless breath, the object of which was to make up for the deficient breathing of reverie or contemplation. Snoring and hiccoughing often give rise to questions as to their causes. The former of these, snoring, usually occurs during sleep. The sound is produced by the flapping together of the soft tissues of the throat. The soft palate must have fallen back 80 as to nearly or quite close the posterior nasal ori- fices which lead from the nostrils into the throat. At the same time the base of the tongue must have fallen back so as to leave only a small opening between itself and the soft palate above. Under these circumstances the air passing back and forth causes a flapping mo- tion of thege pendulous soft parts, and this produces the snore. A very slight change of movement will cause a shift- ing of the structures and a stoppage or alteration of the sound. The so-called “degth rattle,” a peculiar sound fre- quently heard just before death, is merely a modification of the snore. The “death rattle,” like the snore, is caused by the flanping of the soft structures in the throat. The greater relaxation, bowever, due to muscular weakness, #nd the quickened, shallow breathing give to the sound emitted a sharper, quicker quality. Ciosely allied to the snore and the in such a case either the for- | <+ “death rattle” is the groan. The groan differs from the snore in the fact that under the influence of pain there is pro- duced a more general muscular effort, | and that the vocal cords are involved. Like the snore, the groan is made with full inhalations and exhalations of the breath. Hiccough is merely a mervous spas- modic contraction of the diaphragm, which passes downward so suddenly and violently as to cause a quick, in- voluntary intake of breath. Hiccough, like tremor, chill or other nervous twitching, may result from any one o(t a variety of conditions. Exhaustion, excitement, overfeeding, alcoholic stim- | ulation or exposure to cold may lead to | hiccough. Although usually a disturb- | ance of little moment, hiccough is occa- sionally so prolonged that through fa- tigue and fright serious consequences | may ensue. Usually, however, a hold- | ing of the breath for a few moments | will result in a cessation of the hic- cough. In severe cases the administra- | tion of an- anesthetic is sometimes | necessary. About Asbestos. BY MALCOLM McDOWELL. “Shop Talk on Wonders of Crafts."’) (Copyright, 1904, by Joseph B. Bowles.) Asbestos, one of the most wonderful of substances dug out of the earth, has been much in the public eye since the | Iroquois Theater disaster. Now, it is reported, the bulk of the world's sup- | | ply for many years to come has been secured by the Standard Oil interests | for the purpose of making fireproof | “timber” and tunnel sheathing. i The supply of asbestos is Hmfled.} Most of it comes from Canada, and it | i | (Author the is found in Oregon, Idaho, California | and other Western States, It also is mined in the Italian Alps, whence | | most of the supply came before it was discovered in Canada. | the later country, the greasy-feeling, silky-like fibrous stuff | are too thin to be worked with profit, | for the problem of mining asbestos is found in the disposition of the foreign | matter in which the asbestos is en- | tombed. In the Canadian mines only about 4 per cent of the material quar- | | ried is asbestos; the rest is made up of | rock and other refuse. Asbestos occurs in veins, varying from half an inch to four inches thick, | | between layers of hornblende crystals. | The longer, tougher fibers are found in | the deepest diggings; the less valuable asbestos—that is, the short, easily pul- { | verized fibers—are found near the sur- | face. The mining is much like rock quarrying. Holes are drilled and { dynamite exploded to blast out a layer, | which falls to the floor of the work- | ing. The workmen break out as much | of the pure asbestos in as large lumps | s possible, load the lumps into tubs | or skips and send it to the surface, where boys and young men ‘‘cob” or | crumble the rock away from the as- | bestos. | The lumps of asbestos are packed in | rough bales and shipped to this coun- | But, except in | veins of the| try to be manufactured into the fin-| ished product. The asbestos as it | provided they are properly treated and trained. The | citi ! youth. | comes from the mine is of a yellowish | or greenish color, the edges furred | | with loose fiber. The best grades of | | asbestos are white, and the fiber is | long enough to be carded and spun into yarn and then woven into a | | greasy-feeling, dirty white cloth, | which is fireproof, acid proof and | | { | weather proof. ! When the lumps of raw nmesloz;I reach the factory they are placed into | machines, which crush them until the | fibers are loosened into fluffy, cottony | masses. From the crushing mill the ' fibers pass into another machine which | separates the long and short fibers and | at the same time throws out any stones or other refuse matter. The short fibers are ground up into a pulp or powder, according to the use for which they are | intended, while the longer fibers are | gathered together to be woven into cloth. It is this cloth which is used for mak- ing fireproof drop curtains for thea- ters. The asbestos yarn also is made into gloves and mittens for glass and jron workers and a finer cloth is woven for acid filters. To catalogue the uses, of asbestos would be a long task, for within twenty years i{gs applications have multiplied =o rapidly that it now can be regarded as one of the most versatile of maaufactured products. Combined with colors and oils it makes | a paint which makes anything it coats | either fireproof or nearly so. Asbes- tos, combined with canvas, felt or like material, makes an excellent roofing or ceiling material, and the roofs of many factories, warehcuses, docks and like structures are covered with asbes- tos treated material. Wood pulp or other substances which can carry the asbestos is used for covering steam pipes. “Mineral wool” is the nearest thing to asbestos which man has been able to make on a commercial scale. As first it was made from slag, the refuse from blast furnaces, but the “‘wool™ was too brittle and melted at too low a temperature to be used as a sub- stitute for asbestos. Metallurgists took the matter in hand, analyzed asbestos, and made up the proper mixture from sand, fire clay, limestone, kaolin and iron slag to give a product which pos- sessed many of the characteristics of asbestos. Now limestone, broken glass, broken dishes, iron slag and pieces of fire brick ‘are melted down in a suit- able furnace and blown into the fibrous stuff called “mineral wool.” ‘When the mixture is melted into a liquid by the intense heat of the fur- nace a small opening is made and the molten stuff escapes in a stream about an inch in diameter. As it falls a jet of steam or compressed air, issuing from flat nozzles, is turned on to it and blows it, a fine spray, through a window into an adjoining room. The action of the jets upon the stream of molten sand, iron, clay and glass spins it out into beautiful white fibers, which on cooling look like washed wool. This material is used largely as a non-con- ductor of heat. It is packed around sjeam pipes and boilers to retain heat and packed around refrigerators to re- tain the cold. It also is used for “fire- proofing” buildings and for “deadening” walls and floors, but compared with as- bestos its uses are limited. | nothing. l SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 1904 THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL JOHN D. SPRECKELS, Froprietor . . . v+ ess .. Address Ali Communications to JOHN McNAUGHT, Manager Publication Office ... ..Third and Market Streets, S. F. vob b ssns NEREUARYT 7). 3904 JUVENILE INCORRIGIBLES. SATURDAY ... ... L UDGE LINDSEY of the Juvenile Court of Den- J ver attended the recent meeting of the Charities and Corrections of this State, and delivered several addresses thdt were of great interest. He de- veloped and enforced the necessity for such courts a: that over which he presides, for the number of juvenile incorrigibles has so increased in the last fifteen years as to present a most afflicting problem. In cities like Chicago and New York the arrests of boys aged between 16 and 20 years run into the tens of thou- sands every year. So the juvenile courts are created by law, to deal only and specially with that class of offend- ers. Of the necessity for such courts there is no doubt, but what of the cause back of it-all? From the record it appears that we have reached a condition in this country when it is not only a misfortune to parents to have children, but it is a menace to society and the State. In one of his addresses Judge Lindsey indicated part of his duty to be finding “jobs” for the boys who are | brought before him, work being the best means of re- form. Does not this open the door to the cause of it all? Much blame is put upon parents, but how, can they combat the results of idleness, for which they are powerless to find a remedy? The world is familiar with the vitai subject of child labor. Let it know also that child idieness is a burning question.. At the age of “thir- teen children, and especially boys, begin to feel the promptings of ambition and activity. They want to imitate men. Given the chance to. imitate the right things that men do, the useful work they see going on around them, and they will do it. But deny them this opportunity and it is perfectly sure that they will imme- diately begin to imitate the wrong things that men do, and will as readily pick up the adult vices as under hap- pier conditions they would the adult virtues. Whenever the experiment of sending boys into the | country to work on farms has been tried it has proved | a successful means of turning them in the right path, | difficulty does not exist solely in the slums of great | It is a moral disease in the communities that are not in the slums. An inspection of the records of | State reform schools shows that a large percentage of | juvenile incorrigibles, subjected to their treatment and | control, come from families in which the difficulty can be accounted for only by the idleness of boys of from 14 years to 20. Now in the various industries and occu- pations gainful in their nature and necessary to com- munity life, there is room for the employment of such Judge Lindsey says that he has bBeen greatly assisted by such business men as could find jobs for boys. Finding jobs is of temporary assistance, but lacks | the value-that is in definite training, with a definite pur- pose in the acquisition of skill that is to be applied for permanent self-supporting purposes. We have expressed the opinion that much help is to be found in the training in -handicraits that is to be furnished in the polytechnic or trade schools. In them boys have the opportunity to become finished and skilled handicraitsmen, and to acquire knowledge that equips them for seli-support and the duties of good citizenship. It will be finally found to be the policy of the States to amend the penal or reform features out of their re- form school policy and turn all of their reform schools into shops for teaching the handicraits, to which boys will be sent, not under semi-penal sentence, but in a fixed apprenticeship. As the evil of juvenile transgression: spreads, it is taken too much as a matter of course by the community. There is too much indifference to its causes, and too little attention to the profound social disease of whicp it is the mere symptom. Treating symptoms cures One might as well try to prevent an eruption of Vesuvius by putting a bread and milk poultice on the crater as to cure such an alarming social disease by dealing with its disturbing symptoms only. The extent of the evil may be estimated by reading the daily press of any large city and noting that a vast majority of the crimes reported therein are committed by boys and men under 20 years of age. It is useless to rage at parents. Few of them want it so, but they cannot be held to answer for the causes which lie be- yond them. in the restrictions and limitations to which society assents. The State owes to parents the duty of supporting domestic discipline by removing restric- tions upon opportunity for the young. Finally, the moral disease under discussion increases with the tendency to abandon rural for urban life. Con- tact with the soil and skill in the industries related to it offer ideal conditions. Always when the race has been enervated and morally broken down in dense popula- tions it has risen to its feet by contact with the soil. The lure of great cities should be put less prominently before thg young, and the ideal life of the country should have its wholesome charms displayed instead. S. The plot to destroy a Salt Lake theater, fortunately discovered before human life was sacrificed, reveals the existence of a spirit of diabolism almost incomprehensible to the normal human brain. It is daily becoming more ap- parent that communities, in sheer protection, must de- vise new punishments to fit new crimes. In crime as well as in civilization we have that which would have appalled the ancients. SENTIMENT WORTHY OF ACCEPTANCE. nier resorts. It is a sentimental feeling, pure and simple, !that prompts our efforts. Even in the workaday world there is room for more ennobling influences than those of the mart and 'change. One whose sentiments are not altogether corroded must feel that living trees which have watched the ice melt away from our continent, have seen volcanoes cease their spouting and grow cool, and to whose lives the coming of the white man to their feet has been only within the cycle of a few dropping cones, should be per- mitted to live ‘on to the fulfillment of their natural des- tinies. History records that the Colossus of Rhodes was sold bit by bit for paltry pieces of silver until only the memory of it remained. Let us hope that sentiment will prevail over a hard materialism in the matter of the preservation of our giant trees, which are more majestic- ally wrought than any, monument of either ancient or modern art. The Hague has decided that the powers which made a show of force against Venezuela must receive prefer- ential treatment in the payment of the debts of the of- fending South American republic. However much we may dislike this decision of the court of arbitration we cannot but be pleased in the fact that it teaches Castro a lesson even in the efiicacy of force. : THE OLD STORY AGAIN. RECENT dispatch from Washington announces A that Senator Heyburn of Idaho has presented to the army appropriation bill an amendment au- thorizing the Secretary of War to purchase a tract of land described in the report of General George M. Ran- dall, on May 13, 1902, situated partly in Spokane County, Washington, and partly in Kootenai County, ldaho, com- prising 20,000 acres, to be used as a site for military instruction and maneuvers. The amendment carries an appropriation of $300,000. The submission of this amendment is of direct interest to California, because if it be carried and the purchase be made, there will be an end to all prospect of having a camp ot military instruction and maneuvers in Cali- fornia. Moreover the loss of the opportunity will be due to ourselves alone, for the original proposition was for the gstab.ishment of a camp in this State, and an army board recommended a site for it. No sooner was the recommendation made, however, than the cus- tomary local opposition to local advancement broke forth, and as a consequence there is now a fear we may *lose the camp altogether. > At the time the question of a site in California was under consideration three large tracts were offered. board of medical officers of the army investigated them— one was rejected because it was without an adequate water supply; another because it has near the center control could not be exercised; but the third site, known as the J. H. Henry ranch, was approved, a report of the board: addressed to the adjutant general at Washington saying: “The ranch fills all the requirements for the establishment of permanent camp grounds for the in- struction of large bodies of troops, inasmuch as it has large area with diversified surface, soil draining quickly after rain, sufficient timber for fuel and shelter, appro= priate climate, plentiful supply of pure water with natu- ral inclination lines for drainage and sewage.” Upon that showing we should get the camp. ences of opinion as to whether or not it is the best site in California should give way in face of the fact that it is the site that has been approved by the army board. While we are wrangling the representatives-of other gations in Congress will, of course, stand together in support of the amendment proposed by Senator Hey- burn, znd if the representatives of California be divided we shall lose the camp. The story is an old one, but let us hope it will have a different ending from that of for- mer years, and that when the issue comes all Californians will be found standing together for the interests of the State. The Iroquois Club, affectionately and familiarly known as the Society of Old Squaws, has met, resolved and ad- journed in this city. Its meeting stirred the pulse of no Democrat, its resolutions enlightened nobody else and its adjournment came with no more agitation than a ripple upon the political sea. The Democrat, nationally considered, doesn’'t know where he came from, who he is or where he is going. O bank the humble potato has jumped into the public eye. He has made that esculent tuber to diminish and to enlarge, to blanch and to blush, vntil it has come out in a new dress of such a char- acter as to make recognition by its plebeian ancestors impossible. He has crossed and crisscrossed the clumsy tuber until finally it is said to be materially increased in size and that its substance is delicately sweet and pos- sesses color of the warmth of auburn tresses. From the homely “spud” in its wild, untamed state, buried with its eyes full of dust in the Andes Mountains, where it justified the ignominious name “small potatoes,” iL has at last come into its own and is worthy its title of Solanum tuberosum. Tn the past its virtues have been many. From food to drink—for in some countries spirits are brewed from it—from starch to stew, it has stuck to us and rounded out our beings, and now who may THE NEW POTATO. NCE more under the magic touch of Luther Bur- ROM the Springfield Republican, one of the leading F' editorial organs of Massachusetts, comes the lat- est strong plea for the passage through Congress of the bill which will preserve for us one of the noblest manifestations of nature in California; the Calaveras grove of big trees. Says the Republican: “Only the nation should be the possessor of these glorious surviv- ors of a geological antiquity. It is really absurd to think of pigmy men, mere ants in stature beside them, having the power to sweep them from the earth for a few dol- fars profit. The United States, which spends millions and millions upon things that are of the moment, can well afford to spend a few thousand dollars to save such treasures from so ignominious a fate.” When so strong an editorial utterance comes from the other side of the continent it is significant proof of the interest which is taken in our venerable ‘trees by the whole nation—an interest which must express itself strongly enough to make Congress ready to turn a will- ing ear to the petitions of those who would see the giant trees continue to watch over our destinies as they once guarded the good fortunes of the man with the stone ax. It is not a selfish claim which the people ‘of California advance for the big trees. We do not desire the preser- vation of the Calavem/"u.nfi as an advertisement to hold out to tourists, nor as a boon to proprietors of sum- predict its possibilities? The clinging pea and the pendent bean may lift their heads with hope, the onion rise up in its strength and the sour, wrinkled visage of the pickle look pleasant, in anticipation of being brought by the wand of this wizard of the vegetable kingdom to the dignity of the navel orange, the seedless grape and the new podato. Populism, that absurd development of American po- litical extravagance, has been executing another ghost dance upon itself. The middle-of-the-roaders and the fusionists, after intense squabbling, have agreed upon a time and place to hold their national convention. To most of us the proper thing to do under the circum- stances is not to hold a convention but a funeral with its necessary incident of speedy and decent burial. Those very wise observers, the military critics, that shed the light of their learning from a vantage point several thousand miles away from the seat of operations, say that thc military organization of Japan is better than that of any European country. When one thinks of the Boer war the suspicion arises that after all the decision of the critics is no particular compliment to the Mikado’s tacticians, Al of it a tcwn of considerable size over which military | Differ- | TALK OF +— THE TOWIE Worthy of Shylock. It was just after Theodore G. Cock- rill was elected Chief of Police in 1873, wMn one morning after taking office as he squatted down in his official chair in the old City Hall Officer Blank, then a bailiff in the Police Court, slip- ped in through a side door to congrat- | ulate his new Chief on his victory and the satisfaction it gave him to defeat the enemy. Then he quietly approached the Chief and, with the index finger |of his right hand placed alongside his nose, remarked: “Say, Chief, your friends who are mine, recognizing the great expense you have been at in win- ning this fight and knocking them Crowley fellows, gives you this. Say nothing about it; but keep mum.” Blank slipped out as quietly as he had got in, closing the door after him. Cockrill was so taken by surprise that he had no time to protest, but placed the package, which contained $500, in a drawer. Two days afterward Blank again slipped in and with bated breath inquired if the Chief had men- tioned the transaction to any person. The Chief responded in the negative. “Just sign this by the way of a blind,” said Blank, placing a note in front of Cockrill. The note was signed, and nothing more was heard of it until the Chief’s term expired, when a collector walked into his Front street liquor store and presented the note for pay- ment, with interest at 6 per cent. Cock- rill used language not found in good society, but he had to pay the note, which was assigned to the collector. The sum and substance of it all was | that Blank held on to his graft in the {hall and cozened the Chief out of the money that he thought was given him by his friends. Misplaced Charit With his clothing dripping from rain and a sad and hungry look upon 1 his face, he walked into the Emer- | gency Hospital, holding a card from Dr. Caro, recommending him to the !attention of the surgeon of the hos- pital. | On being asked what he wished he | briefly stated that he had been only | | two weeks in the city and on this par- | ticular day he was on his way to | Golden Gate Park to see Superin- | tendent McLaren when, stepping off a ! car, something snapped in the back of | his head which took away memory. He claimed to have had a when he was conflned in a lunatic asylum in the East. At that time his desire was to kill somebody. no matter to him who the unfortunate victim might be, as he lost all con- trol over himself. He feared a simi- {lar desire might now seize him wish to kill an innocent being. | * A consultation #vas held with Chief | ! Steward Bucher, who recommended that the man be placed in a ward for observation. This was done, his clothing were dried and he was pro- vided with hot food and made com- | fortable. He remained in the hospital for | three days and when the rainstorm | passed off he got up and thanked the attendants for their courtesy, re- ! marking as he walked out of the door that he was dead broke, had no place to sleep or money to purchase food States are at work. The Washington and Idaho dele- | and as he was wet, cold and hungry | he had bluffed through the ruse of |lost memory in order to get shelter | and something to eat. Paid in Trade. “What's the matter, Judge?" asked |2 newspaper man of Justice of the Peace Lawson the other day. “You seem to be out of sorts.” “Well,” retorted the Judge, “you would also be out of sorts if you ran 'up against scme of the people I meet in a day. Just listen to this for a tale of woe. About an hour ago a man and a woman came in here with a mar- riage license and asked me to marry them. I tied the knot all right and gave them the usual blessing. When it was all over the groom shook hands with me, thanked me and then told me that he was a bricklayer and would be pleased, in payment for my kind- ness, to come over to my house and Lrepak my chimney any time it need- ed it.” 4 Choral of the Y ear. Hear, bubbling through gray hours, The trills of water-folk arise; Their home in newly fallen showers, ‘Their notes as liquid as their skies. The locust's whistling rigadoon Shrills to the noon itg sibilance, To wake the woodlafds from morning their swoon And set the weary air a-dance. Leaves gasping from their breathless chase Follow the footfaii of the gale, Into the pallid twilight race, And sigh and sorrow as they fail. The snows that stilled the forests’ surge As down the heaven they flew and fell, Now mourn the year with frosty dirge, Now clank. o' nights, his passing-beil. ‘With all the seasons, stern or kind, Out of eternity there sings Into eternity ulu rlnd‘ 's mercy in its murmurings. —Wallace Rice in The ‘nefldel. None Need Appiy. Few business men will employ a left- handed person as a clerk or bookkeeper, et ta e Govecesmnt o ent 0 the ment at Washington. The chiefs of fl:'-:edn:t partments are entirely willing to over- look bad penmanship on the part of a really good and industrious clerk, but it is the man or woman who writes with the left hand at which the balk is made. The deadline is drawn just the moment it is ascertained that a clerk is left-handed, and he is forthwith in- formed that if it is his desire to con- tinue in Government service it will be necessary for him to write with his right hand= This information is always a bitter pill for the left-handed pen- holders, but there is nothing to do but begin to write with the right hand or “throw up the job,” and few are anx- ious to quit Government service even for this cause. No matter how perfect a hand a left-handed clerk may write, there is no alternative but to learn to all his | similar experfence- six years previous | It made | in | this, a strange city, and he did not| * write with the right hand, and some- times it takes months to get to the point where even a legible hand is written by the clerk who is forced to “learn the business over,” but during this period of making the change the chiefs are easy and patient and make the work as light as possible on the un- fortunate clerk. A Hard Worker. Kittredge of South Dakota has set out to make a career for himself in the Senate. He is one of the youngest men there, just turned 40, and he has only held his seat for two years, but he Is al- ready edging into the influential group that determines what shall and what shall not be done. Kittredge Is a bach- elor, weighs considerably more than 200 pounds and has a face that would be a fortune at a poker table. He graduated from Yale in 1882, and he is a great chum of John Kean of New Jersey, an- other Yale man. He has made up his mind that he will stay in the Senate as long as South Dakota remains Re- publican, and he sees no immediate prospect of a change in the politics of the State. He spends more time on the floor of the Senate than any other man there. It is a rare thing for him to be found outside the chamber unless he is called out by the card of & visitor. He | watches every piece of legislation, and he knows what is going on all the time. i No Excitement. In Panama under the Colombian | regime one could get up a “revolution™ | almost at a moment's notice. Such | slight matters, says the New York Times, scarcely interrupted the routine | of business. | One day a number of American trav- | elers had taken their seats at breakfast | when they were startled by loud shouts }in the street. They hastened to the | | | window and saw a crowd of men in greasy, ragged clothes rushing along, brandishing machetes. “What is the trouble?” onme of them asked their Colombian host. “Why,” he said, apologetically, “I am | afraid it is a revolution.” The travelers began to be excited, but were calmed by the sweet voiee of ! the hostess addressing her husband in ordinary tones: “Dia I put enough sugar in your cof- fee, Gabriel?” W here Macbeth Was Born. Robert J. Burdette, wife of can tell a good story herself once in a while. Mrs. Burdette travels around the world a good deal—when- ever she is not running for some wo- man’s cluh office—and her journeyings one time brought her to the Scottish Highlands, where she was “personally conducted” to a cave, In which Mac- beth was said to have been born. Aft- er listening attentively to the eloquent tale of the guide, Mrs. Burdette sald: “But, tell me now, truly, is this really the place where Macbeth was born” The guide smiled awkwardly, shifted about a little, and finally blurted out: “Well, it's one of the places.” 19 Answers to Querles. SPEAKER—Subscriber, Oakdals, Cal. John G. Carlisle of Kentucky was Speaker of the House from De- cember 5, 1883, to March 4, 1839. LIBERTY CAP—Subscriber, Liver- more, Cal. It is a mistaken idea that the United States adopted the liberty cap from France. The symbol was not used in France until 1790. The liberty cap was used on many of the State coins as early as 1785. The Jacobin cap of France is red, the British liberty cap blue with a white border and the Amer- jcan blue with a border of gilt stars on white. CIVIL RIGHTS BILL—A. E. S, San Jose, Cal. The civil rights bill was an act passed by Congress April 9, 1866, over President Johnson's veto, aiming to place the negro on the same civil footing as the white. A contro- versy over the constitutionality of the act led to the framing of the four- teenth amendment to the constitution of the United States, passed June 12, 1866. After this a more stringent act to secure the rights of the negro was passed in 1875, but the Supreme Court in 1883 declared its most important sections unconstitutional. FRANCISCO—A Subscriber, City. The territorial area of San Fran- cisco is 47 square miles. Along that line it js exceeded by New York, 3264 square miles; New Orleans, 196%; Chi- cago, 191; Philadelphia, 129% St. Paul, Minn., $81¢; San Diego, Cal., 75; Wash- ington, D. C., and Duluth, Minn., each 69%: Denver, Colo., 65; St. Louls, 61%; Taunton, Mass.,, 50. The popula- tion of San Francisco, accord- ing to the latest census, was 342 782. The cities larger as to popula: tion at that time were: New York, 3,437,202; Chicago, 1,698,757; Philadel- phia, 1,293,697; St. Louis, 575,238; Bos- ton, 560,802; Baltimore, 508,957; Cleve- land, 381,768; Buffalo, 352.387. The esti- mate of population at date of January 1, 1904, was 400,000 for San Francisco. ————— Townsend's California glace fruits and Sc a pound. in artistic fire- hed boxes. A nice present for Easte em(c nds. 715 Market st.. above Call bld;.": ——— e Spectal hlntorml:’n -:»pus: daily to business houses a: public ‘men by the Press Bureau (Al '8). 3 . (Allen’s) sn&.u- SAN