The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, February 9, 1904, Page 8

F THE NCISCO CALL, TUESDA FEBRUARY . INSTRUCTIVE,.STUDIE-S | i | i | e Age of Ice in North America,” | and the Glacial Period,” etc c ht, 1904, by Joseph B. Bowles.) Before the glaetal period the plants| which now flourish in the latitude of | Virginia and North Carolina were| growing in a happy family in Spitzber- gen, Northern Greenland and on the Arctic shores of North America. Argtic expeditions have repeatedly brought ack from the midle tertiary deposits rth of Disco Island the embedded | aves and fruit of magnolias, sasafras, | kories, maples, poplars, birches, lin- dens, southern cypress and several spe- cies of sequoias, including the gigantic forms mow found only in California, three kinds of nko trees nu\\'f peculiar to Japan. The evigence of | fossil plants is conclusive that just before the glacial period there was | a warm climate all around the nur:hl pole these 1 the theory of the origin of spec by natural selection was ac- cepted and the facts about the glacial period brought to light this distribution | f trees and plants was a profound | mystery. For the solution of the prob- | e are largely indebted to the late | »ssor Asa Gray, who in 1859 read a | per before the American Academy of | Arts and Sciences on the flora of Japan | attracted the attention of the| > world and opened‘the way;to ! 1 exposition of his theory, which | set forth in an address before the rican Association for the Advance- | of Sclence at Dubuque, Iowz, in 2. The way had been prepared for by the fact that the large | of Japanese plants ga(hered] mmodore Per expedition in which opened Japan to the world, | ed in his hands for examina- | . The result was that it appeared | t there was a striking similarity be- | iween the plants of Japan and those of the Altai Mountains, of the Hima-| layas #nd the eastern portion of North erica, and a striking dissimilarity cen the plants of these regions and | of the Pacific slope of North| jca, while the most re kable re- ce was between the plants of and those of Eastern United Pacific coast of the United | in coniferous trees like | =, sequoias and redwoods,’ but is y lacking in most of the | r on the Atlantic slope example, there are not half as es, or ashes, or poplars, or r birches, or oaks on the | y)pe as on the Atlantic slope, e of such inferior quality is said “a passable wagon wheel be made of California wood, really good one in Oregon.” The c slope has four times as many of non-coniferous trees as the | slope, but only a little more alf as many coniferous species. be first step in the solution of this problem is found in the relation of the | Jand continents in the northern hemis- to each other. Whereas, the | southern ends of the continents project { far out inte deep seas so that they are widely separated from each other, the north they all approach each ther and are separated by shallow seas. The water in Bering Strait is only 150 feet deep, and that in the sea only a few hundred feet, so that a slight elevation of the bottom of the ocean there would join Asia to Amer- ica, and permit the migration of plants and animals from one continent to an- other. That these continents have been recently joined by such a change in land level is proved by the fact that| bones of the mammoth have been found on both sides of Bering Strait, and even the Pribyloff Islands, far out in Bering Sea. A similar belt of shoal water extends from Greenland by way of Jceland to Norway. It is therefore to suppose a continuous land con- nection clear around the north pole enabling plants and animals to migrate y. On the other hand, the gen- resemblanc~ of species both of ts and animals in the lands sur- ng the ..cth pole is proof that been such opportunity for migration. Whereas there is this great similarity in species in the northern hemisphere, there is a total dissimilar- on | ccw in South Carolina. There were also ity bet\.cen the species occupying the southern extremities of the continents in the southern hemisphere. But with the coming on of the glacial period this happy family of species around the north .pole was rudely disturbed by the new condi- tions. The lowering of temperature and the slow accumulation of glacial jice made it impossible for trees of a temperate climate to maintain their existence on those inhospitable shores. If they were to exist any longer they must emigrate to milder climes. But how shall a tree which is fixed in the s0il remove to better its fortune? Of course, a single tree is helpless in such @ situation. But, as Professor Gray wittily says, when a tree is driven to en extrenaity it can *“take to the woods,” znd the forest can begin a majestic movement toward better climes. - s As the conditions favoring the for- st became severe along “its northern belt they would become favorable over @ corresponding belt stretching to the south. Over this belt the seads would be graduzlly scattered by various “gencies. Some secds would be blown by the wind, eome carried by streams ©f weler, some by birds 4nd squirrels | | and other animals. Whereas formerly such stray seeds had failed to find fa- vorable conditions in these new fields, now they would be the favored ones, and thus the species which they rep- | resented would slowly spread south- ward until the glacial period had ex- hausted itself and the extreme limit of | favorable conditions had been reached. Thus it would result that the same species would be driven down to cor- responding latitudes on both sides of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans and we shouid have what now appears— namely, the same species of plants in Japan, the middle United States and and Northern Asia. But it still would seem to be a puz- | zle why the plants were not the same in corresponding latitudes on both sides of the American continent. Why should the species of plants in Cali- fornia be so different from those in Pennsylvania and Virginia? This is answered considering the different conditions which prevail on the east and west sides of a cbntinent. Be- cause the world turns from west to east the prevailing winds in the north- ern hemisphere are from the south- west. The breezes of the Pacific coast | are therefore sea breezes, laden with moisture, while those in the Eastern | | { i | | i i Atlantic States are 1land breezes, which have been largely bereft of their | moisture and are subject to greater alternations of temperature. The con- ions stant action of these diverse cond would have a direct effect to some species on the Atlantic coast that would not be favored on the Pacific, | and vice versa. Thus we have every- ' thing accounted for in a most natural | way. p | The reason why these plants have | not returned to Greenland and Spitz- bergen is that the glacial period Is | not vet over. It still prevails in those | northern regions. But they have start- ed on their partially recovered Some have aiready attaired their orig- inal homes, leaving, however, manj stragglers cn the way. The main body of Arctic vegetation is the same with that which covered the country on the Middle Atlantic States during the cli- max of the glacial period. Of the str: gling remnants still left in fav situations one of the most interesting Scotch heather, which is found not only Labrador, but in a few places in Massachusetts, like Andover and Cape Cod. In ail the rocks gorges cpen- ing into Lake Erie remnants of the glacial vegetation are preserved in the sequestered and cool shady nooks. Some such are also preserved in simi- lar narrow, cocl gorges opening into the Ohio River below Cincinnati. But the mountains formed the best northward journey and have the ground lost. retreats for the Arcti¢ plants, which | were following up the’ receding ice sheet. Alpine plants are found on the high elevations of the White Moun- tains and on the high peaks of the Rock and Sierra Nevada Mountains as far south as New Mexico, but are ab- sent over all the intervening areas. | These nies of Arctic species on the tops of the mountains of the northern hemisphere are related to the atmos- phere, as the plants on islands are to the water of the ocean, and are most important witnesses to the reality and extent of the continental ice fields which characterized the glacial period. A mountain top 1s an island in the air. One can reach Arctic conditions by go- ing up as weH as by going north. In some respects the effect of the glacial period upon animal life and dis- tribution was even more peculiar than that on plants. During that period a large number of Arctic species were crowded down into Central Europe and | into the Middle and Northern States of the Atlantic coast and Mississippi Val ley. Ip company with man's remains | there are found those of the grizzly bear, the Irish elk, the reindeer, the musk ox and the Arectic fox, while the | ibex and the chamois, which now oc cupy the high mountain crags, descend ed to the valleys. Several of these | northern species now extinct were also | present in those temperate regions. The indirect effect of this incursion | of Arctic animals into the temperate zone was to cause the destruction of | many animal forms which already oc-[ cupied the region. Just before the gla- | cial period there were living in America | two extinct species of the cat family | as large as lions, four species of the dog | family as large as wolves, while the | walrus was found in Virginia, the sea living six species of horses, the South | American tapir and llama, a camel, two | species of buffalo, three species of | sheep, two species of elephant and two | of mastodons, a species of megathe- | rium, three of megalonyx and one otz mylodon—huge terrestrial sloths as| large as the rhinoceros or even as the elephant. All these and several more species were either destroyed by the competiton of the northern animals or | were driven back into South America. The destruction of so many widely spread species of animals occupying, North America just before the glacial period is one of the most startling rev- elations of geology. Insects also, as well as plants and the | larger animals, were compelled to reckon with the glacial period. Among the most interesting illustrations of this occurs in the White Mountains, where various Alpine species of butter- flies are found mear the summit. In| ascending Mount Washington one sud- | denly encounters near the top whole swarms of butterflies (Oeneis Semidea), so that, as Professor Samuel Scudder has said, so far as insect species are concerned, “in l.ls:ndlng Mount Wash- ington we pass, it were, from New Hampshire to Northern Lebrador and the southern extremity of Greenland.” Simflar species occur also on the sum- mit of the Rocky Mountains. The story ! is the same. Dispersed far and wide during the glacial period, these insects have at last been compelled to take refuge on the summits of the high mountains, where alone glacial condi- tions perpetually prevail. _ Struggling Artist—What will you give me on this painting?- Pawnbroker—Fifty cents. Struggling Artist—Why, my dear sir, the canvas alone cost me §2. Pawnbroker—Yes, but you have spoiled it by daubing paint all over it,.— Chicago News. : J { of the conf Jport upon the rest of the world. T THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL JOHN D. SPRECKELS, Propriefof « .+ « « -« » . . Address All Communications to JOHN McNAUGHT, Manager Pablication Ofiice ....... c@ teevereeseiisesiens...Third and Market Streets, S. F. TUESDAY NEWS OF THE WAR. HE attention of the world is now fixed upon the Far T st, where Russia and japan are locked in the ter- fic struggle that possesses so many elements of menace to the civilized world. In this duel of Hastern nations the world is vitally concerned and news of every incident of the war, great or small, is of impor- wance. As a ‘newspaper of the first rank The Call has taken every precaution to report completely the progress 1 Ar and the best reports. rangements have been made to secure the first news Seasoned and intelligent corre- | spondents have been placed at the scene of hostilities and | the readers of The Call may be assured that this paper will be true to its traditions and publish the best accounts of the momentous happenings of the Far East. Every reliable news agency in Europe and America and at the scene of war has been called into service by The Call, and it willghe the purpose of this paper to sus- tain its reputation for publishing exclusive news of inter- national events. The expense to which The Call has been placed in its desire to be first in the presentation of accur- ate news is naturally great, but there is ample compensa- enterprise in the confidence of the public tion for | that this journal gives nothing to sensationalism, colors nothing for profit and contributes nothing to the bias of whatever interest may be involved. There is hardly a capital in Europe that is not deeply concerned in this clash of the Eastern giants. Affairs in the Orient have moved rapidly to international complica- tions, and the commercialism of Europe as well as of America has drawn many nations within the danger line of this controversy in which Russia and Japan have re- sorted to the arbitrament of arms. The diplomatic re- fiections of this Eastern struggle are, therefore, of equal ! if not more moment than the progress of clashing armies and navies, and The Call has enlisted the energies of capable special correspondents in every European capital to follow faithfully the course of diplomatic criticism and influence that may be exerted during the strife of the actual combatants. That no avenue of news opening upon this Eastern field of grave events may be neglected The Call has se- cured the services of Oscar King Davis as special corre- spondent in the Orient. Mr. Davis is a man of high in- telligence and wide experience. He is completely familiar with Eastern Asia, having served with distinction as a special correspondent in the Philippine war and in the advance of the allies upon Peking. His reports displayed a marked ability and a rare judgment, and his activity made him first in the exploita- tion of important news. He has, therefore, much to be- speak his fitness and to promise a splendid performance. In connection with the complete news service The Call will fortify its presentation of Eastern events with appro- priate illustrations. * This journal has won the enviable distinction of being thegbest daily illustrated newspaper in the United States, and it is now prepared to present pictorially as well as graphically the great affairs that arz agitating Asia and throwing shadows of portentous im- It is with confidence, therefore, that The Call pledges to its readers a service that will be surpassed by no other newspaper in the world, and which will be equaled by few. he world has been informed that the rebels have won a glofious victory in Uruguay. This as far as it goes is in keeping with the traditional rights and privileges of South American republics, but what is it all about? The ebels probably know or care no more about the cause than we. It is enough that the worthy people of Uru- | guay are contributing measurably to civilization by mur- dering one another. CONFESS THEIR OWN SINS. HESE wintry days are occupied by the Democrats in Congress in making political speeches, in which they frecly, and with much unction and vocifera- tion, confess the sins of ‘the Republican party. They usually erect a background of their own virtuous inten- tions and then throw wupon it moving pictures | oi Republican transgression. Their careful omis- sion of seli-examination and confession of their own ‘sins reminds one of the new convert in a religions revival who, in his first experience meecting, dwelt at length upon the sins of his neighbors. Finally the preacher said to him: “Brother, confess your own sins.” The convert replied: *“Brethen, I can’t, while the | grand jury is in session.” They attack the President for everything he has done. But that is the fate of all Presidents who by great cir- cumstances have been called to high action. Jefferson, Jackson, Poik, Lincoln, Cleveland, McKinley, and now Roosevelt, within the constitutional limit of their power, were compelled to prompt use of executive authority, and the same system of attack has been used on them all. After such a President is seen in perspective history. with the approval of his countrymen, writes that he was the savior of his country’s honor and the promoter of her glory. The present Democracy is repeating a tale oft told, but it follows so closely upon similar attacks on Mec- Kinley that it falls upon unappreciative ears. Without consistency or coherence of policy, or accord upon a candidate, the minority is composed of leaders each of whom is leading in a different direction. Their condition was illustrated in an ineident in the House. One of them was extolling the merits of Judge Parker, during a polit- ical speech, when a Republican member asked him if he knew Judge Parker’s postoffice address. that he did not. He was then asked: “Do you know Judge Parker’s given name?” and was compelled to ans swer that he did not. The rest of that eulogy remains unuttered. Another, wiser than that to g9 into a bill of particulars, uttered the reason for keeping the party in the field at all by sayiné they “could already smell the fruits of victory.” That savory smell from the of- ficial kitchen is mighty attractive and without it the ranks would be thin, indeed. 4 Their treatment of the President is most unwarranted. It is known that he has frankly disclosed everything known to him and the State Department about the Pan- ama matter. The Democrats know that Panama has been in active or repressed revolution against Bogota for sixty years. No outside aid or comfort has been needed to, start a revolution there at any time, and none was needed nor offered now. The conditions on the isthmus have always been intolerable and it is a com- pliment to the isthmians that they have ceaselessly re- sisted them by continued and chronic revolution. Under such circumstances to accuse the President of promotion of revolution and then to imply that he has concealed anything from iquir;(udakept back informa- He admitted | «.....FEBRUARY ‘9, 1904 tion from Congress is insulting to him and disgraceful : to the country. But the grand jury is in session. It is ! composed of the American people, who distinguish clearly between patriotism and proper public policy, and a de- sire to manufacture an artificial issue in politics. The | people understand why the minority leaders so volubly confess the sins of their neighbors. The imitative faculty of the Chinese, marvelous in its | power of adaptation, has taken a new form in its con- tact “with occidental civilization. ! in this city on the ground that she was\a minor when | avedded. The name of the gay Celestial Lothario who put the sting of knowledge in her brain has not been di- vulged. A R OF PALEONTOLOGY. N Eastern paper girds enviously and with a show of wit at the discovery in South America of a perfect fossil specimen of the ichthyosaurus. The the find was made by an astronomicai expedifion under i its auspices. The wit is exploited because astronomers i discovered something novel embeddéd in the earth. The Eastern critic regretfully and economically remarks that | this “tiny bit of fun is not a fair offset to the cost, in money and time, of these utterly useless bones.” It is strange that in this day an intelligent newspaper man should take such a view of discoveries in paleon- tology. 1f a new fact in the life of Alexander or Caesar or Napoleon, bearing upon the career of either and ac- counting for things that had heretofore been the despair ‘of history, were discovered, probably the same news- | paper would regard it of such importance as to give it columns of space. But it would be a discovery clearing | and illuminating human history, which we are making | and adding to every day. On the other hand, the revela- | we live. They reveal its physical changes and bear upon its origin and the eternity in which the natural laws of | matter and motion were fitting it for the Alexanders and { Caesars and Napoleons, and the countless generations of men, | Fossils, the remains of ancient life, are not a modern | discovery. They were known anciently, but were mis- understood and taught man no useful lesson. The reli- gious teachers of the people declared that the fossil forms of beasts, birds and fishes and of the mighty amphibians were manufactured by the devil and placed where men could find them in order to discredif the account of crea- tion in Genesis and throw doubt upon the data finally used in Bishop Usher’s chronology. But astronomy and geology combined to emancipate the mind of man from these superstitions. Geology read the.mighty inscrip- tion carved on the granite by the glaciers. It revealed the life that was upon the world when it was trodden by animals ard its atmosphere cleaved by the wings of | birds extinct vast eons before the time fixed in pious chronology for creation, according to the story told in Genesis. To Treverent reflection this vast extension of time, giving to the solid earth an age so venerable that years are useless as.units in its statement, instead of be- littling the source of the spiritual aspirations of man, dig- nified it inexpressibly. The great lizards and winged serpents and grotesque | monsters that lived and fed and fought and died upon the earth befdré man was, and whose mighty bones have been preserved, are the chapters in the history of the planet. They tell the story of the evolution of life, of that biological succession which is unbroken, from the first pulsation of existence that quivered in the procrea- tive mud slime, up to man. Instead of detracting from his dignity it put the ages under his feet, as the founda- tion of his spiritual self-consciousness, the pedestal on | which he stands as the noblest manifestation of life, the physical finality, in which the fervor @f evolution, the unchecked impulse of nature forward, has caused the as- piration to a further step, by evolution into a spiritual world and a life raised above this, as it is raised above that of the great monsters through whose mighty fibers it was transmitted to us. Politics, partisanship and the slapbang of political | buncombe appear to have the field at present in Congres- sional debates. their zeal for their party in the cooling thought that we know as well as they that this is a Presidential year. Works, not words, however, make the strongest and most convincing appeal for votes. THE CANAL AND OUR MARKETS. AST year Liverpool and London took 600,000 cases I of California canned fruits, shipped around the Horn, crossing the Equator twice. When we have rope cheaper than right here in California. The shorter voyage will mean lower freight. These fruits are canned in duty paid tin and sugar. When these are re-exported the Government pays back to the exporter g9 per cent of the duty. That drawback will pay, the freight, and our canned goods will be landed in Europe at a prite that will not only hold the market we have but will indefinitely ex- tend it. As the reduction of our perishable fruit to a form in which i‘ls keeping capacity is unlimited is of the highest value to our horticulture, so facilities for reach- ing market "as a means of encouraging and increasing such reduction become of first importance. It is believed that with proper storage arrangements a large part of our fresh fruit crop will also find a profit- able market abroad. Pears and citrus fruits may surely go by way of the canal, and the superior quality they have should make their market. It is hardly possible to overestimate the favorable effect of putting every or- chard and vineyard in Calfornia more than 10,000 miles nearer by water to a market. It is as if every tree and vine and the climate that makes them productive were moved and relocated that much nearer to the con- sumers. 2 Not only should the fruit-growers of California con- template this with the liveliest expectations, but the.y should in every way sustain the President and hold up hid hands in his brave effort to give us the canal at the earliest possible moment. A warning has been sent to the counties of California to hasten their exhibits at the St. Louis Exposition. The time for preparation, shipment and installation is very short and the exhibitors of California should not forget that first impressions are generally the standard of comparison. California shouid le able to open the doors of her building on the first day of the fair with a complete display i ] A young Mongol ma- | tron is suing her coolie “native son” husband for divorce ! cuvy 1s directed at the University of California, because | | tions of geology write the history of the planet on \vhich: Our worthy lawmakers should modify’ the Panama canal we can sell our canned fruit in Eu-! Only a Picture. ' The bent, black-clad form of the lit- itle old woman who for an hour had been slowly walking up and 8own in | front of the big furniture warehouse seemed to become infused with new life when she heard the voice of the auc- | tioneer calling for bids on various ar- !tlcleu of furniture and bric-a-brac that | strewed the floor of the big building. At the first sound of his voice she straightened up, gazed furtively | around, darted into the building and did | not stop until she had pushed her way | through the crowd and secured a posi- tion at the feet of the auctioneer. Once there she resumed her bent at- titude, occasionally raising her eyes | and peering sharply through her veil jat the articles the man with the loud | | voice held up for sale to the highest bidder. When he offered for inspection a frame containing the picture of a | bright-faced boy about 5 years of age the little old woman raised her veil and took from beneath her tnttered‘ shawl a lean purse. “This is a valu- able frame, gentlemen,” said the auc- tioneer. ‘‘Selected wood; made years ago after a fashion now extinct; add it | to your collection of antiques; take the i picturé out if yon do not want it; give | me a bid.” - “Sixty cents,” came from the back of the room. “Seventy” from the right of the auctioneer. “How much did you say, madam?” sald the auctioneer to the little old woman at his feet. “Speak up. ‘ “Seventy-five cents,” came the re- sponse from the thin, quivering lips. | And as for a moment there came no | other bid she raised a wrinkled, palsied yhand containing the amount she of- | fered. It was all she had and the auc- tioneer was about to hand her the picture when from the back of the room came a loudly uttered bid of “One dol- | lar.” i The picture was knocked down for iSl to a great, burly fellow, who walked ! rough shod over every one in his ef- | forts to reach the auctioneer and his | purchase. He did not see the sobbing | women close to the stand: he did not ! hear her pitiful cries. Neither did he isee the expectant look in her tear- | dimmed eyes as he took the picture | from the auctioneer. Only the latter {saw the little old woman dart to the | rubbish heap where the purchaser, sat- jisfied with the frame, had thrown the | picture of the boy. Only the auctioneer | saw her pick it up, furtively kiss it and i put it under her faded shawl. He said | nothing, but when he called for the ! next bid there was a quiver in his voice. | | | Several attorneys who happened to meet in the District Attorney’s office the other day were discussing the | peculiarities of judges of the criminal | courts. Two good stories were related of ex-Judge D. J. Toohy. Two prisoners had been convicted of | robbery, and as they had both served | terms before the Judge sentenced each to serve twenty years in Folsom pen- Judicial Clemency. |itentiary. One of them remarked in a | surly tone: “You might as well make it life.” The Judge quickly replied, | “Very well, I will be glad to accom- ! modate you,” and the sentence of the prisoner was changed to imprisonment | for life. The one who got twenty years |1s again a free man, but the other is i still in the penitentiary. In another case of robvery the pris- oner was the son-in-law of a ward pol- i itician. His father-in-law called upon { the Judge and begged him not to send ! the young fellow to San Quentin for | the sake of his family. “Al right,” | replied the Judge, with a twinkle in his | eye, “I won’t send him to San Quentin.” | When the day for sentence arrived the | Judge ordered the prisoner to be con- 2 . L of fusion. Now this statement is chal- lenged by some geologists, who con- tend that petroleum is the result of putrefaction of animals who have been swallowed in some enormous cata- clysms similar to Mont Pelee. This upheaval, says Professor Engler, buried milllons of prehistoric quadru- peds, lizards, serpents and sea mon- sters, and during all the cycles of years that have elapsed since then the bodies of these animals have been dis- tilled by Mother Nature in her im- mense laboratory beneath the earth’s surface. The result of this distilla- tion Is the valwable product that we know as petroleum. Some Keppel Anecdotes. Many are the stories to?d of the late Sir Harry Keppel, the old English ad- miral, illustrating the extraordinary daring and bravery of the man. Once when commanding a frigate about to sail for the Cape he conceived the idea of transporting the statue of -Queen Victoria at Portsmouth te Cape Town. With a party of his middies he landed at night to carry the statue off, but the vigilance of the town police, who sur- prised and arrested the marauding party, frustrated the plot. On another occasion his ship, the Raleigh, was in danger of sinking, and he ran her into a French port. As the ship entered the harbor a French vessel fired a salute. Sir Harry, notwithstanding that his ship was fast filling with water, ordered his men to respond to the greeting. With the wuter rushing in at the portholes, the sailors manned the guns and every gun on board fired round after round of ammunition, until all the powder In the magazine was ex- hausted. ~ France’s Farmers. In France, as in the United States, agriculture engages fully one-half of the population. Since 1822, when the Institute of Roville was founded by Dombasle near Nancy, the French free training system 'has, with many ups and downs, gradually extended until it covers all’ France and all forms of soil culture. French children, under government training, are first put in primary schools, thereafter to pass up through all departments to the National Insti- tute. It must be admitted that the term “French peasant” means some- thing vastly more than a farmer of any other nation. When the French boy emerges from the institute he is no yokel, but an educated man who can make the most of the smallest area of soil. He knows familiarly all life on the farm, animate and inani- mate; also all objects, organic and in- organic. He is fully equipped to cre- ate wealth from the smallest means. Through him we understand the vast combined wealth of the French peas- antry. Were such a system in vogue and compulsory in America, forty fined in Folsom penitentiary for twenty years to the surprise and disgust of his father-in-law, through whose efforts he was pardoned, however, after serv- ing three years. One on Senator Lukens. At a recent session of the Legisla- iture, on a certain occasion, Senator | Lukens of Alameda was making a scholarly and forceful argument in | behalf of a bill which he had intro- ! duced and, as was usual when the | gifted young legislator from the City of Oaks was speaking. he had the un- | divided attention of the Senate. His colleague and seat mate, Senator Ed- ward K. Taylor, toward whom the speaker slightly turned as he address- ed the President of the Senate, was closely following every word, and as Senator Lukens finished one branch | of his argument Senator Tayler whis- pered a few words to him. Sfllvwr Lukens, who is blessed with a nose of Napoleonic proportions, con~ tinuing his speech, said: “Mr. Presi- dent, another point has just been sug- gested by the Senator who sits under my nose.” Senator Oneal of Santa | Clara was on his feet in an instant. ““Mr. President, a point of informa- tion: Which one of the Senators?" ‘Whereat the pent up attention of the members of thie Senate relieved itseif in a roar of laughter that must have been audible over in the Assembly Chamber. Dazon. the heavens indwelling, A silence®profound; In the darl arising and swelling, A drgn o’l n’lound. s Low whisp'ring it comes and its passes, Returns then and lingers; The slumbering leaves and the grasses 1t lovingly fi l-.te_th!n' scorning. The deep o ngers, To_rouse them—no Day" yh' 1d. llhtt ’:ind of the mornin; s herald. e 3 !;rwedlu the dawn. - Then slowly. night'’ compelli; e e Tiars T gl compeling ¥ Of a glowing. a darkness-dispell A“I g i ing. ~—The Critie. Origin of Petrolewm. Chemists at one time believed that petroleum was formed in the depths of the earth by the action of water Wkflnmfikmhanflo million farm workers would be elevat- ed from a homely and commonplace existence to an educated mass, capa- ble of wresting untold riches out of a vast soil which to-day is often worked in the most ignorant and hum-drum manner, producing a mere living per family and generally mortgaged be- yond its present worth.—Harper's ‘Weekly. Answers to Queries. SECRET MESSAGE—A. E. S, San Jose, Cal. ¥ was by John Andre that Sir Henry Clinton sent a secret mes- sage concealed in a bullet to Benedict Arnold. IMITATION LEATHER—Subscriber, Fruitvale, Cal. “Any first-class uphol- sterer can furnish pantasote, an imita- tion of leather, and give all informa~ tion relative to size, cost, ete. NOT PUBLIC MATTER—F. §., Ven- tura, Cal. What the wages are in the two institutions inquired about is a private matter, and is not given out to satisfy the curiosity of any one asking. BIBLE—A. E. S, San Jose, Cal. The American Bible Society was organized in New York City, May 11, 1816, and soon thereafter commenced having the Bible printed and distributed. The first Bible printed in America was the El- liot Indian Bible, by Samuel Green, Cambridge, Mass., 1660-63. NEW YORK BUSINESS MAN—A Call Reader, Smith River, Cal. To as- certain when a man was engaged in business in New®ork City in a certain house on Broad street, write to Trow's New York Directory, giving about the time the person was at the place asked about. LETTERS—Constant Reader, Tas- sajara, Cal. There is nothing in the Federal laws to prohibit the convey- ance or transmission of letters or packets by private hands without com- pensation. There is a penalty against any one carrying letters_or packets over a United States ma® route for compensation. —_—— Few days 79 4th (front of Key's. —_—— Townsend's California giace frults P :rhnt e ni present for Special imformation supplied business houses and public Press Clipping Bureau (Allen’s foria. street.® Telenhong Main