The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, January 27, 1904, Page 8

1904. * _ INSTRUCTIVE .S TUDIE.S - - young pupils to work up a little reper- toire as soon as they begin to have pieces at all. They should be taught | to memorize everything, and as they ’ progress from one piece to another the old ones should be reviewed im order, at least once every day, that they may | not be forgotten. By doing this a child | | may acquire a very delightful lttle | repertoire, and =o be able to play at a moment’s notice any number of pretty | pieces ana studies correctly and music- |ally. The more accustomed the child | becomes to doing this sort of thing the, | better he will do it, and as he gains confidence he will be able to throw! | more and more soul into his rendition of the music, and will become in truth | | |a veritable little artist. 1 3 The training that he gets in this way nin, t t ' MEMORIZING besides ma £ : Ipare notes between numbers as to | emorizing is reduced to a ! DI WD RS e T e | direction will | | 3 my instruction | | { nw infailingly | | ¢ memorization | | I person hears a | tune, and immed seems to sing | itself his mind without any con- ~ | scious on his part. This is a ‘ most tf of memorizing, | 11 but it t we tery unrelia- | | 11 ble liable to des | ' | one at t yment. Fo | | f a jes upon h { 2lone is T ore a number of i people and be nervous his mem- | ory may A little nervousn a-lirtle lac eptration, a mom H ! of absent-mind and all is_lost | another way of memorizing, j d this is the true and prop- | | | er way), which ne iIs—to “photo- | % =y graph” the music upon or ‘This PLAYING WITHOUT®NOTES. 1 ! is sometimes difficult at nd re- i quires _something of a brain to start| < = 3 o b with, but if ch will be of pricel value to him in later years, too, for by practice the *“photo- graphic” method of memorizing be- | comes second to the musician | natur be | and requires even less effort than the | iy method of “playing by ear.” ! Joseph B. Bowles.) The two methods do not conflict al‘ ke mccompaniment |l by the way, although some people | The musig student COntend that they do. I have used both | methods all my life, playing by ear be- ery gy TICE | Ly s D EhA Al R Al | t to which he not help it, and memorizing by way of | g as his Jess fortunate | the “mental pictur also. i » whom memorizing i8S | 15 connection with the subject of | 3o cax S Teturn | memorizing there is another point | ich I wish to bring up and that is way in which a child shoald be taught to listen to music. | The technical side of this we dis- cussed in one of the earlier lessons, where I urged parents to take their children to hear good music, but in ad- | | | dition to the technical the imaginative | side of the music should be made to mean something to the child, and hi | | |fancy should be taught to paint pic- | | tures descriptive of ev: piece of music he he: J Tell him that the composer had a | certain picture, or rather, a certain | scene in his mind when he wrote the | music and that he (the boy) must try | to find out what it was. Tell him that | the music will describe it to him and | he must listen well to what the music | . is saying so that he may find what it —% | is all about. Listening to music becomes intense- Iy interesting to children when pre- | |sented in this manner, and the way in which they sometimes grasp the idea | of the composer is truly astonishing. | Never laugh at the fancies the music | may suggest to a child, no matter how absurd they may seem to you. As| long as you can get him to think about the music at all you are educating him, and the power for clever musi analysis will grow the years ad- | vance. It is always a good thing to take a child to a concert in company with ome other child and let the twp com- AWAY PIANO FROM » and play the dif- tif. he just this in »is n has way stored up for fu- s him to bec find me out for istics of he lis- ossible for him bit of the con- | the members of as king it little @ trained to it are | what the music seems to means to | each of them. | | from the begin it does not troubic ”‘1’2 e ake one “measure” of a| It i8 not at all necessary (nor at all s ot i Jok 2t it carefully, then | 1kel¥) that it should mean the same shut his eves or look away, and try to thing to both. L\'f'_n gr.o“n people piay what he s in his mind’s eye. At Farely interpret music alike, and its| Aret he awill probably fail to see any- | Erandéur and breadth is shown in that | G at o, b after trying a few|VSY thing—that one piece of music times he will be able to see at least a | /V4Y SUEgest an entirely different pic- B i e iy This P sttt ¢ 1o each person in a vast audience, | b e fgadagpetagrdl and yet the picture in the mind of each ) . . d e % will be absolutely corréct and not com- yeads in his mind. As soon as he is able | . h £ | i g Cosspiduninn iy l‘lrl with the ide ..r. the composer him try the next, and o on, until he is | €ither. It is all according to the mind | able 1o play a whole bar of music by | C the listener—a broad, receptive mind | this method. When the bar of music is| "1 8ee things in a large way, will re- ceive an impression of greatness and | —<f+ mearness to nature in music like Bee- thoven’s, where a smaller soul will see only what his mind can grasp. Some children are born with musical | insight and some have to acquire it. | | In either case they should be helped and | |encouraged to give their views and | | |ideas in regard to what they hear, and | should be listened to with unfailing | | attention by .their elders, for it is not | | easy for them at first to acquire the | | habit of putting what they feel into | | words, and they must be made to un-| | | | derstand that the doing of it is worth | while, and that “‘mother” is interested, heart and soul, in the music as it | interpreted by her little poy. | In our next lesson we will take up | ensemble playing—which should have its place in the life of every music | ystudent. ] MEMORIZING AT THE PI- | PN fixed in his min of committing n ay it will alw how 2, be at t béTore out his music. a large company of people with. | s Somewhat Mixed. ANO. Says a London newspaper: “Cases of bigamy do not, as a rule, attract attention, but at West Ham Police Court recently there was re- vealed a matrimonial tangle which re- quires the most curning brain to un- ravel. Florence R. Redhead is the wife of William Gamble Redhead. Suppos- ing him to be dead, she married nry Foster. Her mother, also assuming Redhead’s decease, married Redhead's | father. When Redhead turned up he | found (1) that his father was his step- d he should proceed to the mext, and so on until he has the whole piece at his command. When he has once acquired the knack nusic to memory in this ays remain with him, nervous and ill at ease he thought of playing All he has to do is to | ter Genera), under the Confederacy, until now it has | ness of t | particular. fat | price of letter turn his mind resolutely away from his audience—forget them entirely, if possible—and fixing his mental vision on the picture of the music as his brain opens it before him, he will play as eas- ily from it as he possibly could from the actual printed sheet, without fear of a breakdown. in this way the pupil may memorize the most difficult music, and in the course of time even the intrfcate har- monies of Bach's “Fugues” will not be beyond him. After tainly was a pretty wedding, everything was so.nicely arranged. She—That's just what I think; the music was especially appropriate. He—-1 don’t remember. they play? \ She—"The Last Hope."—Lippincott's | father-in-law; (2) that his mother-in- law was his stepmother; and (8) that his wife was his stepsister (not his half-sister).” . the Wedding.—He—It cer- and and ‘What did It is an excellent thing for even very' Magazine. l ~1ITHE SAN FRANCISCO CALL JOHN D. SPRECKELS, Proprietor « « « o « « « « « « Address All Communications to JOHN McNAUGHT, Manager teresesiess..Third and Market Streets, S. F. ..JANUARY 27, 1904 GOVERNMENT IN BUSINESS. A 2 WEDNESDAY ... HOSE who advocate public ownership of public T utilities by municipalifies are in the habit of pointing with pride to the Federal administration of the postofiice of the business of receiving and send- ing mail to its destination, and the transaction of a bank- ing business in the sale of money orders. As we have already pointed out, the greatest public scandals we have had have occurred, and under all parties, in the Post- office Department. The next greatest have been in the Interior Department, and bol?\ are handling property, buying and selling, in business. . From the time that Benjamin Franklin was Postmas- been the dream and the struggle of every Postmast General to make the business pay. In annual reports we have rosy predictions that were never fulfilled. No mat- ter how greatly the revenues increased the deficits have appeared with all the regularity of seedtime and harvest, and every session of Congress finds them the largest in the annual deficiency appropriation. It is interesting to observe that as we recede from the government departments that are handling property and doing husino:;; and approach those which are engaged in the legitimate purpose of government, which is gov- erning, a political function entirely, the scars of scandal grow less frequent and less pronounced. If this be the case in the Federal government, what can be expected from municipal government in busines: The answer is found in the revelations in New York and Philadelphia, in Boston and Chicago. The report of the Postmaster General every year is an interesting history of the incompetence of government in Twenty years ago the postal deficit~yas $20,000,000 annually. Three years ago it ran down to $3,000,000, and the department had great hopes of mak- ing %otl ends meet, and ventured again to promise that the business would be made self-supporting. But the last report shows that the deficit at the close of this fiscal vear will be $7,000,000, and that of the year ending June 30, 1003, will be $8,000,000. As deficits, like the first statement of liabilities in bankruptcy cases, never grow less and usually grow larger, it is safe to say that this $15,000,000 may be trusted to be $20,000,000. It is all the business. | time plain that there would be no deficit at all if those who use postal facilities were compelled to pay what they cost. favor But, as it is a mixture of business and poli- 1ght with the users of those facilities by m cheap and the deficit is charged off to the we have had letter postage reduced to s. znc¢ have been promised a one-cent rate, but the resuiting deficit comes out of the taxpayers’ pockets. There are those who contend that the control of its mails by a country i§ necessary to government, and that its political interests require that it have that power, and that, therefore, the syst>m is no more to be expected to support itseli than Congress, or the Department of State or of Justice. This view was not accepted in the begin- ning of our government, for then it was the general view that th¢ pos political func tics, is makm taxpayers. two cer business was a business, and not a proper In the result, in the constant deficits, in their fluctuation to a minimum and then their steady rise to a maximum, we Jhave cumula- tive on of government. for Why make it self-supporting when losses can be taken out of the taxpayers? The record is the best evidence of the validity of our testimony to the incapacity of government business. contention that if municipalities insist upon going into the business of selling water, light or power, or running street railways, they be prevented at the start from charging off deficits to the taxpavers. The postal busi- zovernment is a sufficient warning in this if a municipality issue -bonds to enter upon he | the public ownership of a public utility, let them rest upon the plant they create and be paid by those who use In that way only can we hope for an approach to an honest and business administration of the utilities. Suppose that the Postmaster General were empowered to provide for a prospective deficit by adding to the stamps, of money orders and of the par- cels post, is it likely that we would have as many defi- cit The users of the facility would feel it at once, and they would be moved to demand a more careful over- sight of the business. But the deficit is paid indirectly by taxes, and only the few who read the annual report know that a defcit exists, but they pay it just the same. Carried into municipal administration of a business, the losses caused by incompetency and dishonesty would have to be made good by increasing the price of water, light or power to the rate-payer, and of street railway fares to the passengers. It would hit them directly, and be felt, instead of being taken out of them indirectly and practically without their knowledge. The people will do well to join the most enlightened advocates oi public utilities in demanding that every plant carry its own bonds and the cost of its admigistra- tion. o One of the strangest accidents in American railroad- | ing in recent years happened a few days since at Mar- shall Pass. Purely by an accident of being two minutes late a crowded train was not sent down a cliff two hun- dred feet to destruction. Every precedent in our rail- way management warranted the wrecking of this train, the death of its passengers and the customary subter- fuges to evade responsibility. The railroad people will probably censure the trainmen for being late. ] Government is striving to add largely to the agricul- tural areas of the national domain. Each of them is worthy of the careful attention of thinking men. On the one hand it is proposed.to reclaim vast wastes and liter- ally to “make the desert blossom as the rose” by the ap- plication of water flowing in ditches and irrigating oth- erwise dry sands. On the other hand, the agriculturists at the head of a national department seek to wash por- tions of other great “deserts” clear of the objectionable substances now in the soils that are a preventive of strong vegetation. T. P. Means of the Bureau of Soils of the United States Department of Agriculture is conducting an agri- cultural experimental drainage flnrm in the Salt River valley in Arizona. He says that/demonstration is better for the farmers than tons of reports and manuals, so experiments are being 'tried with various crops, includ- ing citrus fruits. Mr. Means says that some of the crops that are common in the valley of the Nile ought to do well in the Salt River valley. He believes Arizona wiil yet put out a good grade of cotton, but there is the alkali in the soil that has first to be eliminated. “In reclaiming a piece of alkali land,” says Mr. Means, TRANSFORMING THE DESERT. N two great forms of endeavor the United " States “ordinary drains are laid under the ground and water is applied until the alkali in the upper layer of soil has all been dissolved away. After that the problem is to irrigate to just such a degree that, while the crops have plenty of moisture, the lower alkali will never be stirred up. If the land is irrigated too heavily the alkali that lies deep will be disturbed and then the land will be spoiled.” . How shall the agriculturist find out just how much water to place pn alkali land to leach it to just the right extent? That is what the United States Department of Agriculture is trying to find out for the farmer’s bene- fit. Wherever there are deserts, generally speaking, there are high temperatures in the season’when there are agricultural crops to mature and-fruits to ripen. Heat and water, with only fair soil, are sufficient to pro- duce rank vegetation. Mr. Means says that there is a mistaken notion that Egypt is irrigated by turning loose the whole Nile. The greater part of Egypt is freshened by methods similar to those in use in Southern California. Quite a large amount of land in Arizona may be reclaimed in the pri- mary work of the Department of Agriculture. It is esti- mated that possibly but one-thirtieth of Arizona can be irrigated with the present water supply when fully util- ized, but still that area will be respectable as measured by standards supplied by Eastern States. The Tonto dam, which is being constructed” above Phoenix, will supply water for about 200,000 acres. Thei dam on the Colorado River will irrigate a similar area. | It is safe to allow 100,000 acres more to be irrigated by small streams in the Gila River drainage system, so that half a million acres of Arizona lands that are now waste may be turned into farms. Incidentally it may be said that the comparative lack of water in Arizona sup- plies an incentive to the Government to ascertain the | minimum amount that is necessary to sustain certain crops. Hawaii is in another turmoil of ;olitical unrest and apparent unreason. The island Sugreme Court has de- clared the county act void, and meither the legislative enactments nor the laws of the counties are now opera- tive. Why there should be a hubbub in consequence it is not easy to understand. During her interesting career as an American Territory Hawaii has displayed a charm- ingly complete disregard for new laws of whatever sort by whomsoever enacted. J Mountains” and gave to Oregon its nickname, “the Emerald Land.” California has named itself. | This is “the Winterless Land.” Through its length of nearly a thousand miles it knows no winter, except on its mountain summits, where the snow is everlasting. Cool and bracing weather comes to the valleys, but no | winter. There no freezing of the ground, none of the keen biting of the frost which nips the East for nearly half the year. As a result even pov- erty here enjoys comforts and conditions that plenty cannot buy for itself i the East. OQur people read in the daily news of cities racked by storms and held in the grip of a zero temperature or bhelow, and of the check to business and the sufferings of the poor. Then they read of a rise in temperature, cold rain and epidemics of pneumonia and other acute and deadly diseases of the respiratory system, and can hardly com- prehend iz ail. 3 We published recently a description of Marysville in mid-January, with the children dressed gingham, flowers in bloom, ripe oranges hanging on the trees along the streets, and the foliage of the palm and banana gleaming in the sunshine. The same description would fit Chico, Colusa, Red Bluff and Redding, towns stiil farther north and all of them in latitudes which in the ! East present the most forbidding winter aspect. The phrase, “the sunny South,” has become a fable. Hard winter sweeps through the Carolinas, Georgia, Alabama and Florida. The changes are acute and the fluctuations in temperature great. On the same date the difference between the highest and lowest temperature in San Francisco was 10 degrees, in Florida the fluctua- tion was 20, in Arkansas 34, in Tennessee 20, in Louisi- ana 28, in Mississi;;pi 24, in Texas 16. In the Northern States there was but little fluctuation, for they weke ail near to zero, and there was no let up. But a daily fluc- tuation of 40 to 6o degrees is not uncommon in New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago and at other points in that Janus-faced climate. g These great fluctuations breed diseases, abridge the comfort and impair the enioyment of life. Every day they subject the system to a violent wrench and finally men break under it. Their effect upon industrial produc- tion is seriously felt. In California the climate and its equability are factors in the production of labor. All in- dustrial operations may go on here, uninterrupted by violent changes of temperature or the embargo of winter. In the East peoplg think that we boast of our climate only because of its ever-blooming flowers, and the physical beanties with which it garnishes our landscape. While we by no means ignore this contribution to the refined tastes and to the pleasures of life, and appre- ciate that satisfaction of the spjrit and senses in the fadeless beauties which garland California, we are by no means left to count them as all we have in our endow- ment of climate. It does for our materialities quite as much as for our pleasures. Kindly to man and beast, it feeds them all with a generous hand and with its capacity untaxed and unexhausted. The people of Marysville have done well to emphasizs the characteristics of the winterless land. Let others follow their example, and let each make the story stronger by stating the latitude of the place. The Call goes and is read everywhere/ It goes to every State in the Union, and these articles descriptive of California are widely read. When an Eastern reader who knows his latitude sits down by a red hot stove with a blizzard hooming outdoors, the country school closed because the children cannot reach it through_the snow, the dis- consolate cattle with baeks arched Yo the storm, and reads that in the same latitude in California the school- children dress in gingham and pick wild flowers, while the fruit hangs ripe on the orange trees, and palm and banana gladden the eye, he will fall into deep reflection and long to see the Winterless Land. ——— The Alameda man who wrote his own funeral ora- tion, chose his own pall-bearers, provided a feast for them and then gave up a peaceful but eccentric life de- serves a place of honor in a temple of suspicion. The man who can’t trust his friends to' bury him with fitting respect either had pretty bad friends or deserved them. A WINTERLESS LAND. OAQUIN MIL R named Idaho the “Gem of the is in Autiomn Love. Slowly and with great caution “Old Tom,” the patriarch of the patriarchs who have purchased for themselves a comfortable resting place for their age wearied bodies at St. Mary's Hospital, picked up his campstool. With great stealth he peered around the yard sur- rounding the hospital, and then, feel- ing assured that his movements were not noticed by his hoary-headed com- panions, who, contentedly smoking and reading, were sitting about in the glorious sunlight, he slipped quietly around the corner of the building. Once out of sight of hjs companions his age seemed to drop from him as would a cloak. Almost sprightly be- came his step and his age-bedimmed blue eyes seemed once more to be lighted. His cane did not bend and creak under the weight of his body as was its wont when he “paraded up and down with the old homers™”; neither was his big slouch hat pulled down low on his forehead as he usually wore it. The cane now swung almost juant- ily; the hat sat rakishly on the side | {of his head, and as he walked he faintly but gayly hummed a love ditty of the long ago. Suddenly the humming ceased and Old Tom stopped short in his walk. The cane lost its jaunty swing, and with a shaky, wrinkled hand he reach- ed up and pulled the old slouch hat down over his eyes just in time to hide the big tears that bedimmed them. Totteringly he walked te the side of the big building and leaned against it for support and then with a groan he placed his campstool and disconsolate- ly sat down. The sunshine in the bright, black eyes of the sweet-faced, little old lady of the Old Ladies’ Annex, in which old Tom was wont to bask, was not for him this time. Another campstool stood where his had been and another “homer” was seated thereon receiving the $miles that Old Tom considered his very own. As Others-See Us. . J. Calvin Ewing, owner of the Oak- land baseball team, has a fund of good stories to tell about the things he sees and hears at .the league matches. One of the jeollection is a faithful recounting of an Englishman's estimate of the great American game. “Cal” overheard the Englishman ex- | patiating on the demerits of the sport to his friend, another John Bull, on a Sunday afternoon last season when the ,amenities between the opposing teams were not closely observed. In fact, a good deal of “rough-housing” was go- ing on and it was simply dessert for the Britisher's theme. As near as “Cal” can remember this is what he said: “It's quite extraordinary,. don't you know, the way these Americans treat their baseball umpires. I have at- tended one or two of these beastly games, and why, really, it's as much as a man’s life is worth to be an umpire. As T understand it, the umpire must please both sides and the people, too— ‘fanatics’ they call them. Why, very often, you know, he can’t please any side. Then the players rush at him 1 shake their fists and bats in his face and curse him roundly. In the meantime the audience shouts the most extraordinary things. such as, ‘You robber!" ‘Give them the game!" and ‘Rotten!' "It quite tries vour pa- tience, don’t you know. Sometimes, if the d m seems to be flagrantly ‘rotten they call it, the spectators bolt their seats and rush out to help the players assault the umpire. You see, the umpire wears a sort of coat of | mail, but this affords the unfortunate man little protection against the mob, as they drag it off him by main force. “Why, I was informed by a gentle- man recently that from fifteen to twenty umpires are kilied annually in America by these so-called ‘fanatics.” I should think the police would pro- hibit such exhibitions of barbarism, for it is barbarism, really.” A Sable Philosopher. Ain't growlin’ at de winter, Or raisin’ of a row, Kaze ef it wuz de summer time Dey'd have me at de plow! Wid a “Gee—haw—ge En de white man atter me— En de hot sun des a-blazin” Lak Hereafter gwine ter be! Ain't a growlin’ at de winter— Though de win' a-blowin’ so! Kaze ef it wuz de summer time Dey'd hitch me to der hoe! Choppin’ cotton fur en free, Wfd de white man atter me— En de hot sun des a-blazin’ Lak Hereafter gwine ter be! —Atlanta Constitution. Royal Children. Whatever may be charged as to the faulfs and foibles of the ruling fam- ilies of Europe, it is to be said to the credit of most of them that their home life is of a high and pure order, and that the children, of which they have many, are not neglected or turn- ed over exclusively to the care of ser- vants. -~ The ruling sovereigns of Ger- many, Russia, Sweden and Norway are devoted husbands and fathers and set an excellent example in these re- spects. Nicholas of Russia and Wil- liam of Germany are men of strohg domestic tastes and lovers of children. The same is true of the members of the present royal family of England. Queen Alexandra is devoted to smail boys and girls, and, as Princess of Wales, she started the fashion of en- tertaining her children’s little friends at Marlborough House. Prince Ed- ward of Wales, his brothers’and his little sister are the rulers of the nurs- ery kingdom i England now. They often have occasion to do the honors of their home to their small relations and contempornfle-,—‘ Leslie’s Weekly. The Waiter. See the waiter. He is divided into three distinct types —automatic_majestic, supercilious. Observe the captivating qa'c- of the automatic waiter, spreading a napkin, proffering a bill of fare, removing imag- ‘| inary crumbs from the cloth, platters with swift but delicate ac- curacy, needlessly indicating the salt and pepper with faint touches, setting forward the tabasco a thousandth part of an inch—all impersonally executed while thinking backward into the past or forward into the future mechanical- ly. The automatic waiter accepts 1 tip like ‘a slot machine, smiling an instant, perhaps registering the amount on an unseen indicator. i Behold the majestic waiter! Whiskers adorn him. He moves with a kingly air. If he wore medals and gold braid who would dare remain seated while order- ing porterhouse and Bass' ale? Imagine any one telling the majestic waiter t> hurry. Tipping the majestic waiter s a task to be accomplished humbly— and it must ZP done by adepts if at all. Tt is no small thing to offend an Emperor. The supercilious waiter wears a sneer which sensitive people foolishly arro- gate to themselves. How many have hastlly ordered $15 worth they could not afford to pay for after ome glance at that cold sneer! How many have paid the tribute of the tip, watching the dread countenance for some indiea- ticn that the amount was not insuffi- clent. A waiter who had been constantly eriployed for three years loaned a cus- tomer $10,000 on mortgages. Whether he had accumulated this fortune by au- tomatie, supercilious or majestic means is immaterial.—New York Tribune. Natwral History Lesson. The Boston Advertiser seems to be- lieve that skunks climb trees. Upon the strength of that assumptiom it prints the following lament: “Members of the Massachusetts Au- tomobile Club are telling this one: A pair of black and white cats of the va- riety whose close acquaintance is never sought, and who are sometimes called American sable, sat on the Himb of a tree by the side of a country road. And as they sat in silence there dashed by an automobile, leaving behind it the usual dark green atmosphere. And one of the animals turned to the other and said mournfully, ‘What's the use?" " To Protect Birds. The Audubon societies, through their organ, Bird Lore, make an urgent ap- peal to the women of America to ab- stain from using aigrettes. It is claim- ed that the herons from which these aigrette plumes are iaken are rapidly approaching extinction. The dealers’ offer of $32 per ounce for raw plumes tempts hunters to defy the law, and it is believed that if. woman does not abandon the use of aigrettes the white herons throughout the world will be exterminated. Bird Lore publishes a detailed statement of the facts in the case by William,Dutcher, Answers to Queries. THE INDEPENDENCE—Subscriber, City. The steamer Independence was wrecked on the lower coast of Cali- fornia. February 16, 1853. The vessel after striking took fire and 140 per- sons were either burned to death or drowned. GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION— . J. N, City. If you desire the Govern- ment publications named in letter of inquiry, make application for the same to the Representative in Con- gress of the Congressional District in which you reside. ACCREDITED SCHOOLS—The roll of the University of California shows that the recommended graduates eof 118 schools, 99 public and 19 private, are admitted without examination in subjects specified. This department has not the space to publish the list of such schools. The recorder of the yniversity can furnish the list. POTOCKA—A. O. S, City. The Countess Potocka, so the story goes, was a rather pretty Russian peasant girl. who attracted the attention of a Russian family that adopted her. When she grew up to womanhood she eloped with Count Potocka. A Jong account of the Countess has been pub- lished in the periodicals and such ean be seen in the periodical room of the Tree Public Library. THUG—Subscriber, City. Thug, a term applied to a criminal, IS taken from that name which is given to men in India. whe claim Devi or Kali, the wife of Siva, as their goddess. They live by plunder and to obtain it they neer halt at violence, even murder. They band together in gangs mounted on horseback, assuming the appear- ance of merchants. Some two or more of such gangs meet as if by accident at a given town where they ascertain when some rich merchants are about to journey and either join the party or lay in wait for it. This being ar- ranged, the victom is duly caught with a lasso, plundered and strangled. Thus, in the United States, a criminal who resort to trick and violence to obtain plunder is called a thug. ———————— Townsend's California glace fruits and 50c a pound, In artisti Stohea boxes. A nice for Eastern friends. 715 Market st.. above Call bidg. * e e . We are closing out siveral odd lots of st