The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, January 9, 1904, Page 8

— 4 | > Railroad Monopoly. BY 8. PRATT i E r Na reet Journal, New York.] H t by seph B. Bowies.) Railway transportation,” said Inter- | state Commerce Commissioner Prouty to | the Amer nomic Association le’ 2 monopoly it is important monopoly it needed other months to Not If this fact is. to a ati n ere none equa is continental in | scope and The raiiroad touches smerican | American business and | Americar jon ry point | There a e 1 siles of raflway—th any other country [ miles are owned by 2000 compa- | nies, of which 1015 are operating u;m~§ n wh n 1,000,000 stockh h there are more ders. These com- ymbined in nineteen differ- | controlled practicalty by n. The railroads in in dividends and ages. They aftorded live- 000,600 persons, employes and It is not too much to that in every seven persons country has a more or less di- ncern in the railroads. then this is a monopoly, it is a »poly on wheh millions depend for bread and butter. Moreover, it 5610 hood to heir fam sa) one if moen a monopoly tempered by certain eco- | n mditions that have the force of competition, that is regulated by a ertain degree of governmental super- vision and that is subject in no small restraining influence of | ments. 543,581,425 senting ealth ocks and bonds, repre-| ne-eighth of the estimated United States. The capi- | s and bonds is equal al government debts of France, ain, Italy and the United Last year they carried 655,000,- s, a number greater than | Mongolians in the world and | -half as great as the earth’s | population. ons of freight moved were 1,192,- | more than five times the| the coal, iron, steel, cot- | i copper produced In the The gross earnings from were in 1902 $1,720,814.900, and the erating expenses $1,160,788,623. The | eipts we per cent greater than | receipts of the United States Gov- | and it cost twice as much to railroads as it does to run | The traffic earnings in the United States ates 0 passee th Unite traffic money in France. d comparisons give stupendous interests decision te be rendered e Court in the Northern for if that decision is company the | hese figures ax dea of the th some that ture of the railroads Will ed, inasmuch as the con- | these vasts interests might be one great securities It might be a and its opera- t the commerce of favorabie nopoiy f emphas of trol company monope ¥ be the country, but it would constitute a power in some respects bigger than the Government itself. In! the Northern Securities case the fact that the combination has the power to restrain trade is held 10 make it a combination in restraint of trade, aithough its attorneys claim that it is a combination designed ac- tually 1o benetit and expand trade. Before 3 the raiiroads as a rule were cheaply built. They were oper- ited, for the most part, on a hand-to- mouth basis, floating debts had to be created in order to obtain the neces- ry working capital, there was gen- eral demoralization in rates and dis- astrous traffic wars. Much of the dis- lress caused by the panic of 1893 was due 1o the weakness of the railroad companies, many of which went into bankruptey In the past ten years there has been a wonderfu! transformation. The physical cotdition of the railroads, their bridges, roadbeds, pails, rolling stock and the like have been largely renewed in a most substantial meas- ure, ®o ihat construction has become e permanent character, par- largely of the solidity, of the English railway Moreover much of this has been accomplished out of earoings. ghere have heen notable ecomonies in operation. The system of getting- the most and the best out of the raiiroads al the jeast cost, with- out im ring their efficiency and pub- lc service, has been carried almost to the point of ar exuct science. dent James J. Hill of the Great North- ern Railroad, who has been largely in- strumental in reducing the cost of operation to the Jowest possible point, ; #nd at the same time of raising the efliciency, now says that the limit of economy has been reached and that rates must be advanced unless prices of supplies and wages of labor are re- duced. The railroads command the best talent in the world and pay salaries so hiigh that men who formerly would have drifted into public Jife as afford- ing ihe best vehicle for the display of ibeir talents now enter the railroad field, wherein the opportunities for advancement are practically without limjt. In the last ten years the gross earn- ings per mile have increased from 36963 to $5696 and the m.m 82069 | the trans-Missi | decision struck a blow at railroad de- | nexation of Hawali to look upon the | any particular prince or princess of | | Prince Kuhio, | he represents, ar to more than the | P | had net -armd»nl to a strangely mixed political | | | the Home Rule. Presi- | to $2890, a striking evidence of the! benefits of progressive munaxemen!. with high-class labor and rreedom from speculative tendencies. . Un- ‘ doubtedly the strength of the railroadl is one of the most feasnurmg teaturn of the business situation at this time, | when there is so much talk of a re- action in trade. The development of the railroads has called for a vast sum of money that has in large degree caused the congestion of credits in the | | money market, but the railroads—to | their honor, let it be sald——ha\(- beenl remarkably free from the speculative | excesses of the past few years. | Most of the advance which the rail- | roads have made in the last ten years | has been achieved since 1897, when | pi decision was ren- { dered. That decision, it may \be re-| called, made railroad pooling illegal. It was thought at the time that the velopment, from which recovery would be difficult. But as a matter | of fact, while the decicion changed the direction of railroad development, it did not prevent it. Peolitics in Hazwail. It has br—mmp =0.much a matter of course in the short time since the an-: islands and their inhabitants as belong- ing to the United States that it will surprise many readers to learn that the native Hawaiians have newer been entirely reconciled to the absorption of their country This is, nevertheless, the fact. We ! are holding Hawaii, so far as the na- | tiveg are concerned, as a conquered country. We are holding it by moral | force, it is true, for the army .of oc-! cupation is small. Camp McKinley, | near Honolulu, the only military pos on the islands, could not long survive an attack by the natives in force. But the Hawaiians know that thg shores of | the American mainland are not far away, and that with the vessels at| the command of the United States it | would be a matter of a few days oniy before a force large enough to exterm- inate them could be landed. It is the moral force of this knowl- edge that holds the Hawaiians@from open rebellion against the United States, not any love for this country or its people or its institutions. As a matter of fact the native Hawaiian has no love for us whatever. He loves his own beautiful island, and he dreams of the day when a kindly fate will re- | store to.the throne some one of the line of dusky Sovereigns whom he wor- ships. This sentiment is not a matter of | personal loyalty to Liliuokalani, nor to her line. The Hawaiian wants a king | or a queen, and it chances that at the present moment Liliuokalani represents thts racial want. That is the secret of her strength with her people, just as it would be of the strength of the present Hawaiian delegate in Congress, commonly known as Prince Cupid,” if Liliuokalani were | out of the way and he should chance | to be the next pretender in line. In| fact Prince Kuhio is in Congress now, | not so much because of his personal popularity—although he is personally very popular at the islands—as because | in some measure, this Joyalty of the Hawaiians to the idea | of monarchy. Prince Kuhio was elected | as a Republican, it is true, and in op- | tion to the candidate of the ex-|; Queen, who was conceded to represent | the native desire for independence; nevertheless he would not have been | elected if the natives who voted for him | believed that the Prince, though not of the blood royal, must | still stand in some sort for the mon-'| | archical idea. i That election, however, was only an | condition. There are but two political | parties in Hawaii, the Republican and The last name is most significant. Home .rule, in Hawali, stands for native rule, and a condition | as nearly answering to actual political independence as is pos-ible under the Goevernment of the United States. More than that, it stands for the burning and | ever-present desire of the natives of | the islands to be really Independen(,! with their own native ruler on the throne and no closer relations with this courtry than obtained in the good old days of the lamented and seldom sober Kalakaua. Party lines are drawn in l{tuuh part of the United States. Far more, in fact, than in the South is the political line there the color line, and as in most other places the color line is more jealously and more sharply by the dark race than by the whites. ‘White men, indeed, have smal! reason for drawing lines. They are placed by the fact of bfrth in the superipr vosi- tion. It is the men below the lle who must 2ssert themselves without an as- scrtjon of inferiority. The Republican party in Hawaii is e party of the administration natur- It was to the Republican party on the mainland that the first appeal of the annexationists wag addressed, and the annexationists aré not ungrateful. The annexationists, likewise, represent the whole sentiment hostile to the na- tive monarchical idea. It is natural, treretore, that all the elements hostile to this sentiment should drift together d become wedded into one poiitical party. | Electricity in Abbey. The Pyx Chapel, in Westminster Ab- bey, is about to be lighted by electricity and thrown open to the public. . The chapel, which is now under the control of the Office of Works, was at one time the depository of the regalia of the Secottish kings. Access to this remark- able apartment, with its double doors of oak, was possible only by the aid of ‘en keys, which were in the posses- sion of as many officials of the Ex- chequer. In former times the Govern- ment standards and assays of gold were deposited there, and among the other contents of the place are a cu- rious stone altar and some ancient chests, in which state documents, Ex- chequer tally sticks and other things | group, which | groan that goes up in the final moment. ! horse on the stump and gallops him around it. T much more sharply than in any o!her, drawn | THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL JO!ND SPRECKELS, Prmictor..........MdussAfl"CommmkafloubmlclAflflfl Manager = ..Third and Market Streets, S. F. SATURDAY... R R AR AR 0. a0y CALIFORNIA IN FORESTRY. HE Call has szid that the forests of the continent I are mazking their last stand on the Pacific. Like the Indians who cared for them, and for whom they were a home, the forests have fallen before advanc- ing civilization, and have yielded to the a%x and saw and fire, from the Atlantic Coast clear to the Sierra Nevada, and now they are attacked in their last stronghold. The truth of our observation is certified in the current report of Mr. Gifford Pinchot, chief of the Buread of Forestry, at Washington. California gets more space and consideration ‘in that report than any other State. The nobility and grandeur and economic value of our forests justify this attention to their welfare. Nowhere elsc on earth are such trees | found as beard the cheeks of our mountains. In the moving pictures which are to illustrate the resources and industries of the State at St. Louis is one, in the lumber | shows the felling of a giant sugar pine on | the ‘slopes of Mount Shasta. The ax men appear and cut | the saw clef, and the sawyers put in the great crosseut | saw, and finally the autocthon falls. ! The scene is thrilling enough even without the d)mg Immediately | upon the falling of the tree a man jumps a big black‘} In no! other way can strangers be as fully impressed with the | size of our timber. They read the measurement in girth and cross section, but the figures make but little impres- sion. When they see a tree felled and a horse ridden on the stump, they are not looking at figures, but facts. These moving pictures in the group of lumber indus- tries will not only impress the country with the great- our forests, but with the rapidity of their de- struction. When they are gone the beauty of the moun- s and the fertility of the valleys will be destroyed. Well may the valley rancher exclaim, “I look to the mountains whence cometh my help.” In of Mr. Pinchot's report, it seems as if the | State has official duty and responsibility in the matter of | saving forests. Lumbermen themselves are im- pressed with the desirability of making the timber crop | permanent by careful harvesting. It is probable that legislative concert with them would producé results in the way of a State Forestry Commission, with such juris- diction and resources as will enable it to co-operate with | timber land owners in theé prevention of forest fires. Fire is the first enemy of the timber to be fought. If only the saw and ax were used the forests would go on repeating themselves. But when the blazing besom of a timber fire has swept the mountains they are left bare and blear. Last year millions of fine pines from twenty to fifty feet high were burned and destroyed. From the rail- road this destruction may be seen on both sides of the track from Auburn to Colfax. Between the North and Middle. forks of the American River, square miles of such trees were burned during the summer. The pres- ent and prospective value of the timber destroyed would pay for a forest patrol on every township of timber for the next hundred years. No doubt if such commission is proposed in the next Legislature, men will run and look into the treasury and say it will not stand the rexpense. Let them instead run and look into the future; let them see the mountains stripped of their timber by fire and then of their soil by erosion; let them see the water lost in torrential channels and the valleys turned again into deserts; let them see the baked earth where the grapes of Eschol and the fruit of the gods‘once grew, and then say whether the expense of preventing all this is too great for the treasury. Just what such a future would be is now on view in Montenegro and in Palestine. The soil of Montenegro is washed off and the terraced rocks remain; barren sand glistens where the daughters of Shiloh danced in the vineyards. Ii California is wise we will not destroy our mountain forests, no matter what it costs to preserve them. ness of | | | view our Complaint has been made that the California build, | ing at the St. Louis Exposition is in an isolated, most in- saccessible place, and that, in caring for the interests of the State, our representatives have been derelict. Let us take satisfaction in the fact that if we are not in a good place we have good things to show and that when they are seen our triumph, because of our enforced modesty, will be all the more complete. A NOVEL SUGGESTION. HE Stockton Independent has started on a crusade to have permanent exhibitions of the products of California maintained in several localities in the State, these to take the place of agricultural fairs. The purpose of the Independent would seem to be to have laws enacted by the Legislature at its next session to provide for the most effective form of exploitation of the State’s resources that can be devised. Whether its plan is effective or not may become a matter of discus- { sion, but the views enunciated, proceeding from the city at the tidewater of the San Joaquin Valley, and in a community intensely.devoted to advancement on all | lines, merit the attention of all. It is advocated by the Independent that “the commer- cial organizations and promotion agencies of the State, which rely almost entirely on the products of agricul- ture as the basis for their campaign to secure immi- grants and investments, shall make a determined move at the next meeting of the State Legislature to get laws that will place this particulatly modern’ type of public duty on a sound and legal basis.” Coming to particulars, after a general attack upon the agricultural fairs, the Independent says: “What should be done is to evolve a plan by which the State money appropriated to promote agricultural competition and exploitation: may be expended along modern lines, by agencies equuppcd for the purpose, and that will maintain permanent and standing exhibits at the points in the State most frequented. That means that the $50,000 or $100,000 which the State usually ex- pends annually should be put in service to fortify the promotion work of organized societies that display the most enterprise at the several chief points of distribu- tion in the State.” The method of raising money that the Independent proposes is an annual State tax of one half mill for agri- cultural purposes, the proceeds to be distributed, under proper safeguards, among the cities of San Func!,sco, Los Angeles, Sacramento, Stockton, San Jose and Fres- , “for the purpose of mamhmmg permanent agricul- hll’al exhibits to which ‘all ‘counties shall have constant access for a reasonable display of products under cer- I were stored. The woodwork of the in- ner door was formerly covered wi human skin—a warning, no doubt, the eriminal classes tain conditions.” This sort of show at central points, the lndcpendem says, would “help the whole State.” The orovosition is too mel to be Jiudged w:flibtn full O consideration. To the interior counties it would be of course a matter of great importance were it brought up for anything more than an academic discussion, and if the Independent sticks to the issue the debate on it will soon become interesting to the whole State. Four of our torpedo-boats demonstrated on an At- lantic run the other day that they cannot stand thé test of ordinary weather, and for the purposes for which they have been comstructed would be useless. Incidents of incapacity in our fighting craft are becoming so frequent that it is about time for the nation to insist upon a peace party and intrench it absolutely in power in Washington. OUR COLONIAL POLICY. Janyary 4 there occurred two events which have a strong significance in the still unsettled problem of what kind of government is to be eventualiy bestowed upon our possessions in the Pacific and the Caribbean. Chief Justice Fuller pf the Federal Supreme Court on that day passed dow decision to the effect that Porto Ricags are not aliens, but are en- titled to free access to this country. Upon the same day, away off on the other side of the globe, there was put into effect the Hawaiian county government act, | providing the Hawaiians, for the first time in their his- tory, with a machinery for local government outside of | municipalities. With the institution of the county government system Hawaii is now as full-fledged a Territory as Oklahoma and higher in the scale than Alaska. With the decision by Chief Justice Fuller that Porto Ricans are exempt from the provisions of the immigration law we are confronted by about 053,000 new citizens, for if not aliens what else are these residents in the territory of the United States? Here, then, are two peoples, citizens of the United States; not States; not colonies; not protectorates. In a recent speech the Hon. Whitelaw Reid vigor- ously condemned the idea of ever admitting to statehood any of the islands of the sea which are now ours or which may become ours. This is right in line with the expansionist policy which Mr. Reid has supported from the time he sat with the Peace Commissioners at Paris. It is no retrograde movement from the policy of the party which carried through a successful war with Spain and has successfully provided provisional governmepts for the lands wrested from that power. Yet at the re- cent McClellan love feast in New York, when some Bour- bon voiced a rumor that President Roosevelt had in mind the formation of a colonial Cabinet and that leading Re- publicans in Congress favored the idea, the dining-hall shook with Democratic denunciation. We have entered upon a colonial policy once and for all. A change in politics could not effect a reversal to the old order of things. Should the Democrats get into power, what could they do to change the colonial policy? Either they would have to hold out a promise of state- hood to our island dependencies or imitate Cleveland in his policy of dealing with Hawaii. The futility of Cleve- land’s effort to restore the Hawaiian monarchy is, how- ever, too fresh in the public mind for even the most blundering of Democrats to venture upon a similar pol- icy. We may therefore conclude that the policy adopted by McKinley and followed by Roosevelt in dealing with the islands will continue, no matter what admmntrallon comes into power. ¥ Democrats in Washington have seized upon the Pan- ama treaty as a vehicle with which to “do politics” against the administration and a purely partisan war- fare has been planned against the measure. 1t is this unfortunate faculty of the Democracy of doing the wrong thing at the right time that serves as a guide post to the right road to the rest of the country. T to Colfax and then ride on the connecting train that runs up to Grass Valley and Nevada City will find himse!f in an extremely pleasing and picturesque region, stimulating to imagination and satisfactory in actual contemplation. It, however, remains for a home observer, one acquainted with its almost infinite variety, to adequately speak for Nevada County. Such a person is found in the editor of the Nevada County Miner, who writes that “at some time of the year, when the denizens of the upperlevels are reveling in the joys of snow- shoeing, coasting or skating, their neighbors of the lower foothills are picking flowers and strawberries and the like in their house yards.” Seeing the picturesqueness of the situation the editor again writes: “It is in this same wonderful county where the people gather the most luscious fruits from the sur- face of their lands and, tunneling under their orchards and vineyards, dig out th® gold bearing rock and gravel.” 4 e There are several claims that Nevada County makes through the Miner. “It may seem paradoxical, but it is no lie to say that Nevada County has as many kinds of NEVADA COUNTY'S ,CHARMS. HE traveler who will take the ‘Central Pacific line i climate as can be found in any one State of America. It | has every variety of scemery from the most rugged mountains and precipitous canyons to the peaceful pas- toral pictures of valleys where eternal summer reigns. It is the banner gold mining county of California. Its dairy products are first winners at the State fair. Its fruits are among the best flavored and most luscious grown in any county. It is the best watered county on the Pacific Coast. Its people are the most hospitable, progressive and happy to be found anywhere.” This would seem to be sufficient to attract the atten- tion Nevada County people think is dué to their home precincts, but the Miner adds to the picture the following touches: “Just at present the natural ice crop is being har- vested at and around Truckee in the eastern part of the county. At Pet Hill, in the southwestern portion, oranges are being gathered. At the town of Maybert, which lies snugly down in the deep canyon of the South Yuba River, the mighty mountain on the south has shut out every glimpse of sunshine for more than two months past, and old Sol will not be able to cast his effulgent beams into the depths until about the 2d of February.” We have the assurance of the Federal administration, most positively and emphatically given, that we will keep our hands off in the great affair in which Japan and Russia mtend to settle their \mfortnnate differences. This is all very well as far as it goes, but will the other feliows keeo their hands off us? -~ . Some. of the critics have found fauls with Patti's upper register and others with her lower register. The diva's 'maugur ‘however, snnp}y looks n the box office cash{ just the sa. | did I would never have anotfer day | Her Pets. She was dressed in blue serge and wore, a skirt that would have covered i a fifty-vara lot. Her umbrella was of a delicate pea green tinge from long usage. The bonnet she wore in a rak- ish manner on the back of her grizzled | Psyche knot was of the Civil War period. Altogether she was a relic. ‘When she had made her presence known to Dr. McElroy she stated that she wished to be taken into the City and County Hospital because she had nervous troubles of a rare sort. She said that her complaint was so bad that no lodging-house keeper would { allow her to stay longer than a week —they didn’'t like her sweet little pets. The urbane doctor was about to ac- commodate her when she expressed the greatest solicitude for a battered old valise which she carried in her | hand. “My little pets are in here,” | quoth she, “and I would not be sep- | arated from them for a minute. If I| of good luck, and Lord knows I have | bad enough bad luck.” “May I be permitted to see your | pets?” asked the doctor. “Yes, but you must not make faces at the little dears and scare them.| The ashman made faces at them once and one of them died within a week. 1 had the ashman arrested and he is now in San Quentin for murder in the | second degree.”” With this introduc- | tion the old woman carefully opened | the satchel and after unwrapping a bundle of tissue paper and old rags she brought to view a tin can, per- forated with holes. Tenderly she opened the can and there within dis- played to the doctor a squirming mass of six young rats. “Their father was a kangaroo,” said the battered old woman, “and they never knew who their mother was. - I know, however, but I will| never tell them the history of their | birth—the shame would kill them.” She leaned toward the doctor’'s ear and whispered in an awesome voice: “Their mother was a sea anemone— a lovely sea anemone, who was cast up on the beautiful shores of Mada- gascar, where—" “Excuse me one minute, madam,” said Dr. McElroy, and he stepped into his office and called up the Central Emergency ambulance. Misery Loves Company. Two cots stood side by side in the Emergency Hospital. On one was the form of a man, a great big strong lboking fellow. On the other was the figure of a boy, a little fellow not more than ten years of age. The head of each was swathed in bandages, and while the man bore his suffering inh silence the boy cried and moaned and sobbed. “What's the matter, sonny?" asked the man, as the boy cried aloud. “I fell off a roof,” was the answer the lad returned, between his sobs. “Hurrah for you,” returned the man; “I fell down a ship’s hatch. Let's shake.” An hour\later the nurse came into | region. Henry Richard Gibson struck a high treble note. flared and stopped short His vocal chords failed to vibrate and produce sound. The House held its breath while Rep- resentative Henry Richard Gibson took a long one to clear his throat. The suspense, which seemed to last for full» | a minute, was more painful to auditors than to orator, for every one was won- dering whether the Hon. Henry Rich- ard Gibson would say ‘‘trousers” or “pants,” and some .even thought that he might say “pantaloons,” inasmuch as he comes from a remote mountain Even “overalls” would be bet- ter than “‘pants,” which is most ynpar- liamentary. But all fears were without founda- tion, for the Hon. Henry Richard Gib- | son would be guilty of no impropriety. Finally, when he had cleared his throat and recovered his voice, he continued, “his running expenses— The words which followed for the rext half minute were forever lost in the shouts of laughter coming from members who had never before heard | Uncle Sam’s trousers referred to as running expenses. The Expensive Drunkard. From a suburb of Brusseéis has issued a mandate likely to strike terror through the heart of the loeal wine- bibber. The authorities of this enlight- ened district have been examining their acccunts, and they find that one of the heaviest items of their expenditure is the direct outcome of a selfish intem- perance. Many accidents and a vast smount of illness are caused, they find, either directly or indirectly, by the al- coholic habit, and the expenses of these accidents and these ilinesses are, in a great majority of cases, borne by the ratepayers. So they have determined that from this time forth the expenses of any illness or accident brought about by intemperance shall be borne by the person responsible; in other words, the ratepayers wash their hands of the drunkard and leave him to perish or save hinmrself as best he can. This is a view of drunkenness, with certain modifications, which is likely to com- mend itself to the electorate of our own country, if the time ever comes when | they can be made to take an interest in the bookkeeping of their govern- the ward and walked over to the cots. Both the patients were sound asleep, | and in the hairy fist of th> sailor rested | the tiny hand of his little companion | ! in misery. i Shadotw of a Feast. The employes of the Health Depart- ment who are now engaged in clean- ing up Chinatown cccasionally discover some strange relics of the brave old days gone by when millionaires used to live in' the houses which are now occupied by the yellow horde. While they were tearing down an old wall at 1022 Stockton street the other day an old piece of paper, wrinkled and yellowed by age, fluttered down from a niche where it had lain for years. One of the department officers ex- amined it and found it to be a bill of a famous old-time restaurant for “sup- per and attendance” amounting to $215. Upon the back of it.were réceipted names which were once upon every lip in the old days cof the mining kings. Besides those of John McCullough and Lawrence Barrett, the famous actors, the following well known signatures were on the old bill: Sam Wilson, Joe Hoge, W. C. Ralston, William Sharon, Judge Lyons. F. L. Pioche, I. Friedlan- der, Newtcn Booth, Dr. A. J. Bowie, M. S. Latham, Dr. Toland, Sam Bran- nan, Judge McKinstry, Hall McAllister and Eugene Sullivan. His Compensation. I'm “kep' in” when hen I'm “tardy,” An' I'm “kep’ in” when I'm “late”; I'm “kep’ in" for “position”— That means not settin’ straight. I'm "kep’ in” on my jo(‘erl). My readin’ an’ my writin’, An’ I'm “kep' in" some for laughin’, But I'm “kop in” most for fightin'. m “kep’ in” when my marbles Come- rattlin’ from my pockets, An’ sometimes when my matches Gets mixed up with my rockets. I'm “kep' in” ef I whisper. An’ I'm “kep’ in” ef I chaw The piece of gum I've borried An’ am warming in my jaw! The truth is, "at 'm Most everything I do! But one jolly thing about it the teacher's “kep’ in" too! —Leslie's Monthly. “kep’ in" Suspense. Henry Richard Gibson comes to Con- gress from one of the mountain dis- tricts of Tennessee, where they make moonshine whisky and vote the Repub- lican ticket with such persistence as continually ‘to keep the internal reve- nue officers busy and the Democrats out of office. He is short of stature. He has a weak, squeaky little voice which sometimes gets clogged in the midst of what might be an eloquent peroration or a flight of oratory calcu- lated to bring forth the anplause of his auditors. Gibson was addressing _himself to tie idiosyncrasies of the Democrats in general and their position upon the tariff ouestion in particular, when he execlaimed: “Why, tariffs are like a pair of sus- penders, som: I‘iwl tight and some- times loose Uncle Sam needs them keep up his— Right here tne voice ol the Hon. ments.—London Globe. Answers to Queries. CLARA MORRIS—M., City. The home of Clara Morris, the actress. is | at Riverdale-on-the-Hudson, N. Y. MINING CLAIM—A. C., City. A for- eigner may make a mining location and dispose of it, provided he becomes a citizen before disposing of the same. QUAIL SEASON—Hunter, City. In the State of New York the shooting of quail is permitted only from November 1 to December 15, while on Long Island quall must not be taken from January to October 31, both inclusive. EX-PRESIDENT—A. 8., City. Wash- ington is the “name of the ex-Presi- dent of the United States that contains ten letters and is the name of a city in the Union and the only one in which the inhabitants do not vote for Presi- dent.” THE BAG LIMIT—J. and K., Ala- meda, Cal. In California the bag limit or the number of game that a sports- man may capture in a day's hunt is as follows: Quail, grouse, snipe, ibis and plover, 25; doves, 50; ducks, 50; rail, 20, and deer (male), 3 in one season. NAMES OF WRITERS—A Call Reader, Wheatland, Cal. In the lit- erary world Rev. Charles W. Gordom is known as Ralph Connor; Sara Jane Lippincott, formerly Clarke, as Grace Greenwood; Charles .Herber Clark as Max Adeler, and Susan Chauncy Wool- sey as Susan Coolidge. S MASTER OF THE ROLLS—Reader, City. The Master of the Rolls in Eng- land is the president of the chancery division of the High Court of Justice, and in rank stands next {5 Lord Chief Justice of England and the Lord Chan- céllor. He was ancient ¢ ~ or of the ceurt and was formerly the chief of the masters in chancery. He derives his title from having the custody of all charters, patents, commissions and deeds entered upon rolls of parchment. A AND AN—Subscriber, City. The following froni the Century Dictionary is the explanation of the usc of a and an: “A is used before the initial vow. el sounds and a before ‘nitial consonant sounds. But an is sometimes used be- fore a consonant sound, especially be- fore tae weak consonant = and in writ. ten style and more formal spoken style, an is by many (especially in England) required before the initial h of a wholly unaccentec syllable, as if h were aito- gether silent; as an h tel, but a hos- tess: an historian, but a L. iery; an hypothesis, but a hypoth:tical. In col- loquial speech and inc-easingly in writing a s used iy all these cases alike.” These quotations may serve to indicate to the correspondent to what exten. the irregular use o the indefi- te article is sanctioned. Towrsend's California glace i toxes. A nice jends. 15 Market st a