The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, January 1, 1904, Page 8

THE SAN l‘RA\’CISCO CALL FRIDAY JANUARY 1, 1904. Some. Ship Canal MAl ht, 1004 by Joseph B Bowles eers'and centractors are saying *Look out for a $hip canal boom in the T'nited States.”. Some of them declare hat the- evénts in. Panama are but he beginring of an era of canal build- ing” is this country. They base this rediction on the interesting fact that z ship caual, on which work be- gan in 9 and which was first filled | with water in 1869, started canal build- | schemés all- over the civilized world, and ‘¢laim that Chis movement gave to commerce the Cronstadt and St. Petersburg ship canal, the Corinth ship ca the Manchester ship canal, the ‘K Wilhelin .ship canal,” the North Holland ship’canal and the £n= largement. of the Welland ship: eanal and the Sauit-Ste. ‘Marie canals. o e Ship ‘canals. or frem’the ordinary artificigl. water s in that they con- nect large ho ter and-are-large enough “to- Hccommodate “maodern ves- According: to- thé- United States bureau of sfatistics théreare only nine artificial ‘waterways's in the world which cen’ properly. Ve ‘catled “ship: canals” Thesé Sues canal d. i -186: stadt -and St Petersburg .canal; and completed in: 1890, al. begun-in 1854 and com- sels, begun -in 1859 and ‘com» Corinth pleted i 18 Manchester canal, completed Gegun-in 1887 ang i 1884 Wilhelm -¢anal -bégun in 1887 " buiit:in 1835 and en- | 71.and again in19800. Marie canals—two in num- in 1853 dnd improyved in 1887 I thivse.- canals Wave figured more “or - Je:s prominently: -in -thé. dis- cussfons: - and “-cofitentions: over tlie Panama - and - Nicaragia' -routes and the contemiplaied routes: o - provide short .cnts from The Great Lakes to Océan and “the Guif of anti Mexicd There has been much said- and written . conce the. ecoinomic- ef- s of ghip « % -and of ‘their mil- 4 political -importance. but t g0 o the engipests and con- the: puilders of dredging and cltting- machinery. - -and... .the knock-about hohg te gather the inter- esting tares of thie greéat works. Pic 30006 Taborers of and and.-suff the desert whese sixty huge dredging machines and “1ho Hds -of Darrows, dump cars, carts’ and othér material moving vehitles scooped out the 80,z 000,000 cubjc vards of sand; edrth and ry fe 4 bréed - sweat roek- 1o -make -an. - eighty-sight mile chan from™ -the - Méditerranean: 1o, the Red Sea. That was the Suez £anal, whén the ‘work was in.full-blast. The fresh “water for'the laborers had 1o he from the Nile at iro and brought necessity at all Yimes. . - The. Siez traverses A com= paritively: flat co ori Port, Siid on the Mediterss anean 10 § Red Sea. The line jaid o vantige of .valeys and. depressions calied kes, but - which; befare -ihe canal was filled with wafer, were low- Iving- tracis -of Jand,- in - sbme. cases bélow the sea level. Neither 1ovks ner. gates impede navigaiion ‘on the. St canal. The whole length of i is- eigh ight miles; of which- sixty- six-miles are rexl canal, fourtéen miles are - drédged -.chaanels . through -the Jukes and eight miles- ndatural channel through. the la The canal now has a depth ¢f -thirty-one feei and is 108 - widie ‘on thke bottom and 420 in width on the su g Electric lights illuminate the -éntire length . of . this ] men-maie strait, so that Vessels can te at night. “The length- of time ing through'the canal Although imp o alu of the ship canals; e number- - of -vessels which pass| through it @haua . the. number of ve tonnage the samn canalts siv lerfll lnnn.xgv of. l'l M" . . the: Guir Aegini. Adriatic ports. .-buu'x 175" mile from. Mediterranean poris:al 5 not " regarded ; ce of work by American ‘engineers. 3 u’url\ |boul 3\\ 200,000 @ mileé.-. s twenty-six feet “and- 3 five -feet, -and “the total exca- vation > 10,090,000 cubic yards. The -¢anal known as the Cronstadt andl 5L Petersburg ship- canal “con- . nects <he Bay of Cronstadt in the Gulf Jof Finlaxd with Russia's ¢capital. It is of ron-ideral.ne commercial import- ance,” but seenis to ‘have .been buiit with an eye more %o it= strategic value han to its- freight carrying possibil- aties: The’ capal and sailing course in the Bay of Cronstadt are about six- teen miles long. +he canal proper be- ing about six miles in length. This canal was opened in 1890 with a nav- ieable depth of twenty-one feet, the rge ‘corps of-doctors was dn urgent | considérad | four miles’ rong' it t'ooL |THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL JOHND SPRECKELS, Ptopnctor..........AddussAllCommunkzflonsh]OflNMAUGET iznaxu’ Thlnlmdunrmsms.r. FRYDAY. = b A vevn pedes JANIIARY - 1, ‘1904 BEE MBS o R SRR ey THE YEAR IS GONE. width varying froin- 220 to 350 feet. RN ST R Its total cost was $10,900,000. Probably no ship canal was opened under more favorable auspices or with such elaborate ceremonies as’th Kiel or Kaiser” Wilhelm canal, which con- ccts the Germar Ocean and the Bal- HE year now past has added to the world’s basket and store, and has incréased the sum of man’s knowledge. The most important scientific accom- T ment of the uses of radium. -This new agent, provified In June, 1895, this magnificent Oy work beeame the reslization of a plan | to invade all fields of human thought and speculation. long .c hed by Germany and Den-1 Jis Juminosity and storage of heat, and emission of both mark. . The German Emperor, his without reduction of its capacity- or volume, make it a ana the warships of all nations problem in chemistry and in light. Connecting it with assembled at Kiel and dedicated it to:commeree and 160 war, --| the theory that our planetary system was originally This: stupeiideus and magnificent | oy off from. the body of the sun, and that the picce. of work is remarkable for one unusual fai t$:total cost fell with- in the original estimate made by Herr sch, its chief engineer, who was g2 of the work from its start planets partaké, therefore, of the physical nature of the san, consist of radium and that its exterior husk, which, ex- 1 stands as | pelfed into space, formed the planets, contained that an example of high class engineering. | clement in a less degree.- Theological speculation is in- It begins near Holtenau, on the Bal-!y,lved also in the radiym problem, and the quality of the tic, and terminates at Brunsbuttel, on ! | the North S It is sixty-one and a | €W force projects it into mcdvcme, for expcnmcnt as a | half miles long, and its total cost was | therapeutic agent. 7.440,000. The total excavation nounted to 100,000,000 cubic yards, In 1900 the number of vessels which | i passed through it was 21,571, ok T his kite. The progress of the knowledge of electricity : was - hindered by the dogmatism of the theologians. As {, It is a gea level canal with tidal locks. | jate as 1755, Rev. Dr. Prince, -of: the old South Church, The line was lald -principally u\rn,gh: Boston, in a sermon ascribed the great earthquake of marshes and shallow lakes and along i | river valleys. The deepest cut is the ! that year to God’s desire to punish Ben Frafklin for in- venting the lightning rod. He proved this to his own Gruenthal cut at the ‘divide between | | the Elbe and the Eider. At this point tisfaction and the terror of his congregation, and cried the canal banks are sixty-five feet| ok : 3 g5 igh n high: the bridge over the canal at this| "}‘L » by l‘hc‘:e.h nogettmgput ofithe mighty havfi of point .- has a- single span 513 feet long | God. | and the lowest chord of the roadway is| Now science is no ionger obstructed by theology, and | 128 féet above the surface “""h" canal.| the wider intelligence of the age justly differentiates-the A il BapThvl iy (atoptad | St spiritua] from the 1aterial, so that more rapid progress constructing :the canal- banks across & e ; the marshes.. Light tresties were erect- | is made in prying [into .the great plans and segrets of ed and - sand -was dumped “into -the | nature, and we'will soon know al{ about radiam, marsh from ‘smali dump -ars which the -world of ‘civics great.progress was made in The great peace: of the world had its guarantees ¥an over the trestles” The sand grad-| oo nally .displaced :the “saft. mud,. sinkin i 3 beel o il thé- work of the. Hague .court, and the en ~France and England, by 1o ‘the. hard clay- beneath. Then the| Strengthened by’ ‘composed- that had. -existed In srrl‘;rmd\\as excavated l)e(;v\esn para‘lhai[l treaty of “arbitration :be san. ams, - the - scoeped-up: material é being déposited -outside the sand banks. ‘;“I"Lh anmgnmsmsr wer S 1o 100 tne jbe and Trave ship canal, | since- the battle of “Agincourt. connecting the. Baltic and rih seas, | the prospect :of ‘an: arl was’ opesied. by ‘Bmperor ‘Willlam... -Ft|and ‘6t oy _country, which “will. greatly énhance the “‘blfm:l“'e:e [":"“r'“"g' 3“ 2 ’f““g | prospect of ‘peace’in ‘this. hemisphere; : It is gratifying to ‘a“(:: l:fllx"mgu elnl c(:;‘l i:rgarll:' :Z‘O::Kw Americans . thatone. of .our...countrymen, thongh alién and is crossed by ‘twenty-six bridges;| | born, Mr. tarnegm. dufing the year gave-a m\ll'on do- W l;gh l\x;st ;nother :nlhon et t lars to”erect at the Hague 4 temple of peau:\ to ‘serve : e - Manchester : ship caral, - w i RN ket (i m“w M ok ]tha courtroom i for the ‘Hagne triburial. { ter England, a seaport, aithough it | {‘more significance for-mankind than all-the millipns-spent is fifty “miles from- salt:watel; is al-. 0 warships and { fication. Though sues uwohuvg ways. spoken’ of by engineers -as “one' national: henor -and existence will alw ;’:u‘shf fyr{“:‘;m,‘:::qrmms r’i %‘;’(ngfs; battle, there is:a. great ‘class-of questions,:. uwol\mg ex- ! pediency -only;. which -herétofore have. been pofent pro- comimercially; but because it is a work | full of interest to’ €ngineérs and con-!moters of war, that: will be. ennfely e]:mnmted b) tmns- bigthing which- was bullt 2y a bng‘ near ta realizing the asp:ra.non for a Parliament of ‘man. independence .in the: pnrsult of hap moted.thereby.: - The only “shadow fa.lb near lhc cln:e of the. s the appalling railroad disasters’ yards -of “concrete and: 2 1-yards: of ‘rhasonry. . At one. sere engaged on -this work 1%3 locomos tives, 194 eranes, 182 “steam’. engines 212 sieam -pumps; 6360 ‘wagons, 5% pile drivers, 16,361 . workmen-and 228 mil‘eu' of Failway: At phe point “fhe -6ld canal ‘crosses the ship:can Vcarried ‘over on a swing. bitdue | bridge ig -feally.-a huge 12 iong.: ‘19 feet” wide - and When {his pivoted aquedir the canal boats pass over it me theére ZIVEN. ‘OVEF. m ‘joy and-pleasure: Thefie d(saflgr are in dgewe atér éannot. meet-it, or comempl;m: it, unmo ed The rca»nn reels at’ thespectacie. . But. th da_v is aohe by when rwl deép. t ks closed Fut:when Famieay; in the it is- swung: 1o permit ships 107 .pas: through Water-tight ga(es are 1t down'| arc pre- at' each énd,’ changing the mer-(hn.f “thousands ship-canal” section of ‘the old capal’ 10.a tank wh Tevilvas on e M'nler Thé. ship canal proper:is-about thirty- | five: miles-1ong; and gives Manchester, | Which is “about sixty.feet uhc sea | Jevel,. salt" water. conpeétion .with” the | ['Mérsey. River;. Liverpool and’ the Ai-1 {Tantic -Ocean.’ : Four --groups-of ‘locks - provide the required- sixty-foot lift:.- Bie e : aed bie 1o Imxgu ]eEL at”the mercy of.a. dcfectno rivet ‘or-the Faste or:; carélessness. 6f 2 plumber 2 cery “day ‘in-all- of . our great cme: 1hou~and~ ‘of lives are-exposed ‘to dinger in audiences in theaters, churches and other places of popular assembly. Tn all respects mot only such but all buildings in a city should be under such experf ‘official inspection that no bad.-joint, nor weak - boiler, .gas holder “or flue ¢an endanger ‘life. The Chicago disaster is a-lurid torch, lighting the new year with a_warning that life must be made safer in our cities, by a better public administration. California is happy in a year of plenty and prosperity, and free from great calamities -or misfortunes. by drought or flood or fire. Nature makes the State a New Year's gift of gold by filling our stockings ‘with water, the element that here promotes more fortunes and pro- ducés ‘more plenty than elsewhere on the earth. So, | with hail and farewell, California condoles with those:in sorrow and rejoices with those in gladness, and girding her -with gold and._ fruits, :teps into the new year on a path of flowers. 7 Three ship ctanals - give contifuous asfage -to vessels' from. the head of | Lake Superidr to Lake Ontario and th: St: Lawrence - River: - -They .are the | Welland “Canal, the $it.‘Mary's = Fails Canal, at Saulte Ste. Marie, Mich., and the Canadian canal on the othér side. The Welland canal connects Lakes Ontario and Erie; and the.“Soo™ canals provide a’lift. from the lévels of Lakes Michigan-and Huron to Lake Superior. These are not ship: canals in- the sense that they.are “short ¢uts” or. artificial straits, -but were. built- to overcome s and waterfalls. 00" "is probably the. oldest his- toricalty of any of thé modern shix canals, for as early 2s-1797.a canal with | locks was built to ‘overcome the Sault Ste. Marie_ rapids by . the Northwest | Company -to take. up- loadéd canoes. The present “Sod’’ canal ‘was begun in | | | I | | England, it is feared, may seek to extend her East- ern influence while Japan engages Russia-and :both do each other immeasurable harm. There is what is called by the ‘State .of Michigan and diplomacy -in international affairs, and a mixture’ of opened {wo years later; the. length be- cowardice, treachery and deceit in_the code whlch go - ‘s.| erns the honorable relations of men. THE TEACHERS San’ Francisco is the ‘meeting '0f school teachers. Perhaps no great public interest -gets as little a 4 _enm‘m from th: people as the schools ‘and (he teachers |its tw!nty five 1ocks- Gverceme. a differ- ence of 327:feet inlevels, . Thlu cnnal cost about $25,000,000. - I view of .the probabi U'nited ‘States wiil build-ar - maintain the Panama canal the cost of construc- ‘tion -and ‘maintenance of some of the big ship canals is o interest. As thera are no locks ‘in-the Suez canal - lock- | keepers” are not an item of. expense, but the.drifting and shifting sand re-’ quires constant dredging to Keep the- channel clear. An easterly current also ‘carries th¢ sand and sediment dis- charged from the Nile to the Mediter- ranean terminus of -the Sue« canal; and this must be dredged. The annual! cost of operation and. maintenance is about $1,300,000 a year, or $13,000 a mile. ‘The Kaiser Withelm canal costs in operation- and maintenance annually about 38600 a mile, and the annual cost of maintenance only of the Manchester canal is $8500 a mile. thelr nh n | training unparte_ future citizen. We seem to need ‘more. touch wnth the schools. curriculum is - evidently overcrowded, and this is the. re- sult &f inattention on the part of the people. Teachers will have fads and our children are _experimented with, 'through the agency of school bnards and compulsory '::hon toward teachers. If less were taught and better, tions of an overloaded course, we would meet more teachers in other than teachers’ conventlons, and they would have vigor and leisure to impress themulvu and their work more upon the community. If this were the case, such a convention as that of this week would not meet without an audience composed of the public. The 'parenu of the cluhfi-en vh are being uhoohd would plishment of the last twelve months was the develop-- by nature, unlike any other creation discovered, seems: except in the quality of self-luminosity. and heat, science gets the suggestion that the body of the sun may It must be remembered that radium is nfiw in the | same stage that electricity was when Franklin sent 1ip: ‘Shortly aff;r _appeared: tration ‘treaty” between England ‘That. gift ‘has ] tractors and: to- people” who like to see | fer to: that grem mlernaflonal court; which will - come }i way. It tock Six: yeéarsito- baild’this i canal, and in 1894, when_it Wwas opened | In our own: country great moral ‘an material prngrcn fo¥ traffic, it Had cost: $77,002,000, The [was made:. The laws which fix and. limit and protect ‘the ¥ (4“(3[ amount of excavation was i 500,~ rights.of the .people have been ‘invoked: and cnforced on_ 00 cihic.yards. There. werd: over |'the” several new .lins that. have been developed by ouir| {900 _cubic. yards. of brick work; i \ " T I qiiiring 50,000,000 brick: 50,000, cul rapid - material “ddvance, and <ivil liberty and personal '»expendx(nre a true- economy.’ life;:and so-productive of misery and sorrow;at a season } { peat in. the twcnnclh “centur) Y far the most lmportant gathcrmg of the year. in | ¢l an.-. The fu(u.re o 'tim country alls, . as “far as . the, - The | by teachers whose ='wrgaes are not sapped by. the exac- | give up un hour to meeting with the teachers and listen- ing to the narrative of their expcneuces and lhe mter- change. of their profess:onal opinions. 1 No life in oui country should be made freer from care and apprehension of the future than that of the teacher. But as a matter of fact, there are few of us who carry more of more constant cares than the teacher. ‘It is a chipter in the great history of.the glory of womanhood that so many women charged ivith the support of infirm parents or dt’pendcn't relatives,. some toiling to pzy. debts and* burnish again -with Honor the name of their family. | carry it all by the insufficient pay of overwork in the schoolrool_n There is no need ‘to" go to revelation. for | descriptions of- the angelic’ spirit, for it shines in the fuces of scores of women who train our children and | i B IO B et S l;tar our responsibilities, while bcndmg under their own. | front of the aged watcher. One of the uch dhcrve the place of honor and the high seat 'in’ party o boy not- yet out of his teens, the community, and should have every assurance of re- | poked a fresh, fragrant branch of ever- spect in propurnon to their sacnfue and their-service. | green into the age-bedimmed eyes. An- : other, a girl about the same age as the | youth, threw a handful of confetti over ie Cld Year Out. paraded up and down Market street. and -scenes that only regale the eye dur- | ing the last hours of the departing year. the men, women and children passed | and repassed the spot where stood an | aged man. The long locks that showed above the collar of his threadbare coat | were ‘smowy white, and the hands that tightly grasped -his heavy cane were ‘seamed by the years that had frosted | ! his hair. - Oceasionally. a. smile lighted up the {old man’s face, but it disappeared as | quickly- as it came. O]nev of Massachusetts looks kindly, it is announced, upon any effort the tendency of which is to boom him for’ the Democratic nomination for the Presidency. Honors i - th 9 | party passed on. It had not proceeded certainly are not easy in-these days of strenuous compe- | o0 S0 0 "o Clang, clang of a bell at- tition, when men such as Olney .will jeopardize the good | tracted its attention. An ambulance Santa Claus. The old man only smiled, and the opinion in. which they are held to grasp at such adashed El) k’l‘hedj(;llyat:fl“l;uz!;e;e;\;l: a 1 ?y 1 corner, lackenes Y shadow of reality as Democracy’s empty gift. IThe Jouth and the two girls. saw two 3 i 2 7 burly -police officers lift a limp figure A NEW OAKLAND MOVEMENT. from the sidewalk. Again they saw the LIS _— snowy locks and the threadbare coat. MONG the many popular movemeits -running.) “Rush,” the officers cried to the ambu- lance driver. “Carbolic.” A through Oakland in diverse channels, but tending A all of them to the improvement of the city, there is neme more interesting just now than the proposal made by the Aloha Club to. establish a spacious- play- | g‘:mnd for-the enjoymeni and beneh( of the youth U”s:uuth Fark College Setfioment (e W West Oakland. | dies who had devoted thelr time to the As it has been reported, the plan-appears quite feasi- | amusing of ble. The city owns in that: district 3 tract of land con- | about putting out the lights prepara- taining ten acres available for the purpose, so that there | tory" to closing the doors for the night. -of them stepped up-to the front will. be no difficulty in obtaining’ the. ground. Council- »“m‘;':;‘ i Io:l?:d mp“ oo, g man Pgndleton, in. <pea|flng at-a recent mass . meefing | dark square,: she .noficed a little figure called to ..co "der lhe pmpmmon descnhed the tract | “a(;mg :l i:fl fromn: out of the shadow nder the' trees. 44 heutg o and A ’.MDY.C :ng she called out toknow.what was He went o 0. say it vanted. might be fiHe.d in’ and ieased ‘or - =old by: the: ¢ifyi or.it “Cum out - hére; - M might be comerlcd into " the- prnposed park and - play- | | nobody can’ see youse, ground, and concluded by arguing * that it would’ be |, Hisper from: under -the - treck. 'Mary accordingly ran-down the steps | vmuch _moreé valuable ‘to-the city:.and: beneficial - to “the "'and. over the pavement.to where -the .commmmy asa p[a)ground lhan by applymg it.fo"any |littfe “urchin: of 10 or.1l years other ‘use. nnd'ing, z e “Well, what is"it, Jeemsy > she in- uired in-a kindly voice: **Well, -Miss Mary, I dunno how -youse Tt is now:; up to fhem | going to take. it ‘began ‘the. little tike, | 0. tak i !he favor le ‘opportunit “Theré squurmxn; about.-anxigusly -upen. one] i “d‘lantage 2 3 pp o s foot dnd- holding :a shleldmrg arm: over can .be'nq question of the ‘benefits of ‘playgrounds. - Fhe £y are beneath’ his-coat. “But- youse ca pmgn of ‘education on that issue has been. long since ! give me a present Christmas, an’ it | So..important is: the ] wuz the only present I got Chrisfmas. 'ht’ahhf\tl out;of door sport-upon - thie mental At an'-owell, . Yoube: 80 . JUEhLy. ‘Seod | = to-me I wanls fo . ¢ - youse a New and moral:as well as the physical development: of ‘boy Year's present, 1 didn’t ave no. dough, ‘and young men that inthe greaf cities of the Gld World an” my old ‘man had six ball pups, an' are being,: expended’ in providing 'L us’ natehally ‘swiped one to bring § ‘e for. your: Ne ear’ ft, an such, recreano.n grounds; and- the resulis show. t. the _hfl S e Tharn gt ake it.” ‘diminution in_ sickness, destitutjon and. crime make< the | Jeemsy suddenly -{hrust into -~ Miss It is cheaper ‘eveén as a Mary's hands a’ tiny warm bundle of wriggling: skin, and. was away around the corner: before she could make -an; pm!ésls Belinda's - ‘Belinda's heen a- “shopping: She's Tooked at silks. gaiore And hats and-hose and velvét ‘1003( a st ‘A New Year's Gift. After all had gone from the New Year's entertainment down at the old Mary,.- where vas the -tense £ i obtain the n"act ufion eas) ‘térms. ‘money:proposition to- bring up boys pmpzrly w )} ampte- “recreation than to’let them grow:up in vice or in: weak- } and then care: for- ‘them' aitrrward in ho:pltals or& : 3 a he priceof ‘bronzes, \Tld potnt ‘lace. collarettes: She's Tooked at. Persian priyer rugs And-torteise. ers. of citie -shell ‘lorgnettes. years, thie: hoqt Tesitation. inch } ¢ hmg at:thel - hmost dead. Slie- bought and had delivered “Two gpoals of cotion: tiread, park: shington Pest. start, but- the exn Rri‘ak g, Dos'\'u Barriers. Onb twice in’ hls life. has the “Emi- | ' péror of Japan been greeted by his sub- > Jects in the way in. which ‘the white | fl'man is arcuammed to’express his loy- alt One."of - these occasions was on ‘the recent -celebration-of- the Emperor’s .| birthday, -on “November 3. when, ac can make: Oakland cla ms t'hc s th(- penple are érowdmg more and more [into “citiés is; therefore, more _important - than ‘ever 1hat m provided -with 'amp\e playgrounds and " Oakland 'should rejoice in her oppormm( to-get a ‘good athletic field on: easy terms’ and give cordial support | to the pro)ect of “the Aloha Club for proudmg one at the carllcst da!c po:ilble : | people were unableto repress their | feelings at the sight of his Majesty: the { ofher ‘was whén thé Mikado returned to | Tokio from the seat of -the military | headquarters -after. the - Chinese - war, ‘when he was greeted for the first time in Japanese history . with .a: roar -of “Banzai!” - by immense.- crowds - who lined the ‘whole route from Shimbashi to the palace gates. Nothing is more The Iegation of the United States of Colombm at Wishington will soon be ‘a memory of-vanished hopes and thwarted ambitions. Uncle Sam will probably try to console himself for the loss in the gratification of the- fact that we havé a new isthmian-nation with which to deal, and one with whom our relations, for many appar- ent reasons, must be friendly. It is better to be friend]y with a fellow who can't fight than at odds with oné who won't be iriendly. come over Japan. In the old days the person of the Mikado was 'so - sacred that when he passed every subject had to leave the house and kneel on the ground, without daring to look at the imperial person: and to-any.one who swiftly. tion was so far advanced that the E: Ina rerent election at St. Pierre and Miquelon. a candidate who openly and - aggreiswely favored annexa-| tion to the- Umted States falled of success only by a few remembered’ that; -in. accordance with court ‘etiquetté, he carefully. turned his back 0n the' vesséls and their . crews | who were, sal m[ng: hlm r-of-the m\}on press £ necessary to'make editorial pn £ainst the “preposterous clains. The Kaiser's illness has. not ‘impalred _his love’of & joKe., The toast. soands very much.Tike a good-natured -vdi‘ o but; of course, England; beln; a bit. | denise on. the joke question, c; real- ize that in all ‘probability the Kaiser dfd. not. mean that his® jovial remarks should “be. taken'so -erwu.v —Baiti- 'l'he menda e has gone. forth" Oaklgnd that pohae oflicfls must pos:ess some cipac»ty more appexhng than a political pull to hold !hur positions. - This_is probabry one of the reasonl ‘why" Oakland.is not a congeénial win- ter resort fot’ the army of rascals swho move upon our cities after: the summer lm'vest of country cn.mes lr“ b:an pthered'. o 4 ‘New discovered “"a’ man . of person of a shoemaker. TII. “cobbler By authonty of Congress we wilt soon.have in the rnext in power to- Great Bmmn. : 1§ expenence can rea- wmbly be accepted( as a vrecedent. will ‘be wise for the builders to expend as much money and perhaps more care upon the construction and convenient distribution ofre’urlhorlmdvudsuumthewum‘oith: fighting m ¥ conduets a factory square, He calis it a :wflihuu- Four. after hour the merry ‘crowd | Oblivious of ‘everything but the sights | Once a party of | the threadbare coat. A third called him | their guests were going & Going. to. -the- fromt | Miss - was V | supply it: : L - cordinig” to the London- Chroiiicle,. the | significant of the change which has l'uttered a sound dedth would have come 4 Even- when Japanesé civiliza- peror heid his first' naval review it is’ :|‘ameda, Cal. Q lhel I 1] H N l fpr— et gl - New York Mail and Express says: “The wearing of these $1000 shoes is, in the main, a hobby. and is based on nerves gone wrong. For there are some. per- sons, it seems, ‘who are plagued with sensitive nerves in .their feét which ache so excruciatingly that nothing can assuage the pain but shoes ‘pré- scribed’ by a physician-cobbler. The learned cobbler listens to a tale of toe- ache, with attending nervous disturb- ances, and examines the patient's feet with critical scrutiny. Every hill and dale of the foot is inspected and stud- ied, and especially is a sharp lookout | kept for the semsitive nerves, which ul- timately are sure to be found. A vol- ume of notes is taken and the prospec- | tive customér naturally becomes im- pressed with the severity of his ailment, Rise of the Penny. The Omaha Bee seems to think- that we Californians: are losing. our pride. It says: “The maligned and hitherto insignifi- cant copper coin bearing the almighty fiat of Uncle Sam has at last conquered the Pacific Coast and secured a perma- nent place in the circulating mediam: of the tidewashed States. Ever since Cal- ifornia ‘was born with a golden spoon in its mouth the éopper piece has been an outcast in that locality: When ex- hibited as a curiosity it commanded some: ihtereat, but whén it saught to do business it was given a Sierra frost. The. department stare, however, ‘ wrought a change to make change and | the ‘despised - copper comes _rolling to the front. Treasury “officials report Ihea\v shipment of ' eoppers San | Francis¢o, Los: Angelés. ~and . other | points_on the coast, and a bill has been Fintraduced. in- Congress authorizing the coinage of one-cent pieces at the San Francisco mint, [ “The demand ‘for cents from the Pa- cific Codst has been so great during the last few months that the Sub-Treasur- ies” in’New . Yerk, Baltimore, Philadei- | phia, New Orleans, Chicago, Cincinnati | and St. Louis have been called on to The bill referred to is con- | ‘gidéred by Treasury officials as certain [ to. pass -and preparations ‘are alréady. being made to supply San = Francisco with- the necessary dies. stamps -and other-apparatus for the colnage of one-. | eent pieces. I Apist I to wers ta Queries. THREE-DOLLAR BILLS—Inquir- ler, City. The.United States Govern- ment never {ssued three-dotiar bills. ! SPIRITS—Subscriber, City. Whisky “|:contains from 45 to 53 per cent of l'alcohol. ale from 6 to 9 per cent and | beer- fram’ 4.6 to 5.9 per cent. HIDALGO—Subscriber. = City. mosmng of the Spanish word hida is“a person of noble birth, a man ut consideration: werthy of considera- tion"; it is a compound. of the words hijo de algune, a son of somebody, as 'opposed to those who dre terrae -filfi, literally; sons of the earth—obscure persons; sons of nobody. TEMPERS THE WIND—S.,, Mar- 1 tinez, Cal. ~ *“God tempers the wind to the shorn:lamb” is not-from the Bible, This phrise, in. English, was first used | by Sterne in his “Sentimental Journey.” It is an adaptation of the French pro= | verb, “A brebis tondue Dieu mesure le vent,” litérally, “To the shorn lamb | God measures the wind.” LATIN QUOTATIONS—A. O. S8, ‘Oxklnnd‘ Cal. “Hic niger . est, humne |-tu, romane, caveto,” is from the Latin Lof Horace: and means: “This man (fel- low) is of a black character; do you, ' Roman, beware of him: be on your \guard against him. This fellow Iis black of heart; shun him, thou that hast the spirit of a Romam.” The word “niger” was used by the Latins to denote that which was deemed either wicked or unfortunate. The | quotation is frequently used as a con- I clusion after summing up a bod m;- qualities, AL Am\nzuv—s\xu@ ber. Al- The United States Naval Academy was founceéd during the pres- NAV, stance of George Bancroft, then Secre- tary of the Navy. The first act of Con- gress regarding it was that. ‘of August 1 te “piug.” a om tern applied to the fashionable dress hats, but it is be-. lieved to have eriginated in York City. In the €arly days of the volun- teer fire department of that eity each member of ‘a company wore a dress hat and by reason of its resemblance to the form of the-fire plug or hydrants of those days they were valled-plugs.” " “Plug” hats wera brought prominently ‘to public attention when the.character of “Mose,” a nfe depnntmt hero, was