The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, December 29, 1903, Page 6

BY G. FREDERIC (Author of it 10 h B, « Bowles.) Ice is a rock. At §ny rate, so long as it lasts it performs all the functions of rock. As one st ms up the Yukon River he will often see ahead of him a forest growing upon a high bank with precipitous face which at first sight would Seem to be the enduring rock of the region. But upon near ap- proach it will turn®out to be an ice cliff covered with a few fext of soll] which has been washed oat upon it in sufficient quantity to support vegeta- | tion, Lange forésts are growing up wne Malaspina Glacier in Alaska, eral miles back from its front, | where the ice is 1000 feet thick under it. | In numerous places in the vicinity of existing glaciers large streams of water | mey be found running both wpon the | carfage of the ice and along _a high elevaflon between the ice and the ad- | joining highland or mountali mumi which hems it in. Large lakes of water are also found at high elevations where they are held in by ice barri these barriers suddenly bu as they sometimes floods of water devastate the valley below The Mattmark S in Switzer- | land, and other bodies of water held up behind alpine glaciers have been a constant source of menace to the psace- alleys below. But great as are the direc flects upon the drainage of ice of existing glaciers those brought to right by study of the glacial period in Northk America surpass them all in wonderful measure. | Naturally the accumulation of ice dur- ing the glacial period began at the north, and early clogged up the great lines of drainage which lead in that direction, while after the ice had reached its farthest limit and began to | melt back the northerly direction of | the drainage could not be resumed un< tii the ice had all melted awa Thus for long periods the drainage of the greet lakes, which now ‘passes down the St. Lawrence River, was turned over to swell the volume of the § quehanna and the Ohio rivers, while all the drainage that now enters Hud- son Bay was turned over into the val- ley of the Missouri and the Mississippi. This, any one can see from a slight study of the man, must have been the case. It has been a most interesting work of geologists to find these actual outlets of glacial drainage, and to trace the effects of this great addition of volume to the south-flowing streams over the northern part of the United States. . In general the effects of this great increase of the volume of the water poured into the valleys of the Connec- ticut, Hudson, Susquehanna, Alleghe- ny, Ohio, Mississippi and Missouri riv- ers are evident in the extensive gravel terraces which line the banks of all these streams and of their northern tributaries. Not only were thesd lines of drainage compelled to carry off the double portion of water annually fur- nished by the rainfall of the two drain- age basins, but they were charged with several times this amount through the final melting of the ice which had been accumulating through many thousand years, If the spripg freshets of each season are great, the sprigg freshet of the glacial period must have been eno mous, furnishing probably four or five times the amiount of water furnished by the annual rainfall. The terraces of the Connecticut River have long been famous, consisting of deposits of gravel and sand rising upoa either bank of the river from fifty to 100 feet or more above present high water mark. In the Hudson Valley they exist as brick clays, extensively worked in various places above Ne York City, but spreading out into ex- tensive gravel deposits where the Hud- son River comes out from the Adiron- dack Mountains. The sandy plains of Saratoga were spread out during that stage of the glacial period, while im-] mense streams of water were turnad over into the Hudson Valley through Lake Champlain and Lake George. The Champlain cansl has appropriated a portion of this glacial channel, and passes froen the lake to the Hudsen River with a lockage of less than fifty feet. . As one passes up the Mohawk Valley upon the New York Central Railroad INST RUCT_JTUDID\S‘ { abo he cannot well help noticing extensive deposits of well-rounded pebbles and gravel, rising from fifty to 100 feet above the river and marking the glacial floods which poured over from Lake Ontario into the Mohawk Valley through the low pass at Rome, which is only 200 feet above the lake. During the period of this overflow inte the Mohawk Valley Lake Ontario was greatly enlarged, and its shore line, marked by a ridge of gravel and sand | lever. { THE SAN ERA 1SCO CALL,: TUESDAY, DECEMBER 29, 1903. g glacial floods in the S@squehanna Val- ley are clearly seen at Harrisburg and other places farther dowi. v el Before the ice had melted from Cen- N York the drainage of the Great Lakes was held up to the level of the passes from Lake Erie and Lake Michigan, leading into the valley of the Mississippi. At first, before the jce had melted from Northern Michigan, where the lakes are united, were several independent out- hese can be easily traced from Chautaugua down Conewango Creek into the valley of the Alleghany, | and down French Creek to a similar destination, and from Grand River in Ohio into the Mahoning at Warren, aching the Ohio, through Beaver | , twenty-five miles below Pitts- The Ohio River all the way | burg. down is lined with gravel terraces, fre- quently rising more than 100 feet the river, which furnish build- ing es for the most of the cities along its course. Fourth street, in Cin- cinnati, is on one of these terraces, feet above the river. . . . As the over the was slowly retreating ccupied by Lake Erie back to the Niagara escarpment, the main outlet for the ever-increasing | glacial lake was through an opening at Fort Wayne, Ind., ieading into the Wa- bash River and thence into the Ohio. This outlet is 200 feet above the pres- ent level of the lake. Consequently the watep submerged all the land on the south and west sides of the lake line of ice below that level. The shore this great bod »f water, to which the | name Lak n has been given, | can be ¢ d for hundreds of | miles, and, like that south of Lake On- | tario, was early chosen for a highway and for building site Approaching | ch other from Ohio and | Michigan, | two gravel ridges come nearly together | | it Fort Wayne, leaving there an open- ing from the Maumee into the Wabash River about a mile wide, revealing an bandoned river channel, which is still t as distinct as when the migh current of Niagara, increased by the innual melting of the mountains of >, made this its course of exit to the 1o Bullding, opyright, 19 Joseph B. Bowles.) In a street fight, nine times out of | ten, your opponent will lead with his | right ipstead. of with his left. The knowledge of this peculiar | should give you a great advantage over Bim. because to the average untrained man | the use of the right hand in striking cémes more natural than does that of the left. Be prepared then for a pre- ponderance of right-hand blows and study beforehand how best to block and counter them. The street fighter will usually (es- pecially if he be a workingman who is strong but does not understand box- | ing) strike downward from above in| preference to seading in a straight| blow. = All you have to do, thus, is to catch his blow with a high guard and | land on him wherever you please with | by hand vour other hand. Here is where a knowledge of the straight counter | (described in the previous lesson) | should stand you in good stead. He is also likely to be clumsy on his | feet, which will make your footwork the easier and the more effective. B Speaking of feet brings me to a very dangerous trick in the street| fighter's scanty repertoire, namely, | the kick. If a tough gets a chance to do so he will kick.| If his kick lands as he in-| tends it to your share of the fight will | be at an end. Therefore do not allow it to land. Be on the lookout for a kick. When one is aimed at you you can do one of two things: First, jump in, too close to him for the kick to have any effect, and floor him while he | is on one foot and consequently off | his balance; or jump back out of reach and seizing his foot as it is ex- tended pull him over; or else, pulling the foot upward with both hands you car. whirl about, bringing the man's whole body over your shoulders to the ground by bending suddenly over and drawin, e imprisoned foot sharply forwardfo do the latter a knowledge of leverage is necessary. 1 will deal v ith this question of leverage a little further on. % For the present let us go back to the subject of the hip lock. . Th . » The hip lock is of use at all times and has many variations. But its chief value occurs when your oppo- nent leads, especially if he is also rushing you. You can work the trick either on tie right or left side, according as he Jeads with right or left. The one grip is obtained in like manner with the other, except that it is tried from op- posite sides and with opposite hands. Let us suppose, for instance, that your antagonist leads for you with his left. Bring your head far enough to the right to avoid his blow and step for- ward past him with the left foot. Step far enough beyond him to allow your left hip to come just behind his Jeft hip. As you step forward throw your left arm around his waist and bring up your right hand across your body until it lies across his throat. Now you are in position. Push for- ward simultaneously with both arms 4nd bend the upper part of your body forward, thus throwing him across your left leg, your hip acting as a He must fall, and fall hard, thrown up by the waves, can be traced | especizlly if you do the whole thing continuously from the Niagara River | 100 quickly to permit him to steady along the level of the Rome outlet | himself by catching hold of you. through all the towns and ities of Cen- tral New York. This ridge has been known from the earliest settlement, Should a man try to work this “hip lock™ on you simply move your left leg to the left far enough to prevent since it furnished a convenient location | him from stepping past you. This is for roads and building places. an absurdly simple guard for so clever But before the ice had melted from | a trick, but it is absolutely effective, the Mohawk Valley there was an enor- mous amount of glacial drainage car- —— e — “Mamma, I don’t think the people ried off through the Finger Lakes and | who make dolls are very pious people,” over the higher passes leading into the | said a little girl to her mother one day. Susquehanna Valley. The stream pass- “Why not, my child?" “Because you can never make them kneel. I have always to lay my doll hagns at Horseheads was specially |[down on her stomach to say %her moteworthy; while the marks of the; prayers.”—Glasgow Evening Times, He will lead with the right |/ THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL TOHN D. SPRECKELS, Proprietor . . .+ ... ... Address All Communications to JOHN McNAUGHT, Manager Pubneauonom.....................Q..........@...............---.mm and Market Streets, S. F. ..DECEMBER 29, 1903 OUR FRIENDS, THE fiUGS. HE account of the insects beneficial to California T horticulture, written by Alexander Craw, and pub- lished in The Call, is the story of victory over the minute ememies of the State’s prosperity. Time was when insects, from grasshoppers down to the chinch bugs, and still down in the scale of measurement, assailed crops in the United States, the farmer and planter folded his hands and lamented, borrowed money to sub- stitute his Jost crop and waited for the pest to pass by. The country owes to Horace Greeley and the New York Tribune the first impulse to the study of ento- mology which is now making man the master of the petty enemies of his prosperity. The Tribune had for | one of its most interesting writers Mrs. Tupper, widely known as “the bee woman,” whose studies of the bee were the beginning of all our modern honey industry. Out of them issued the Langstroth movable comb hive and all of the beneficial devices which have taken the place of the old haphazard way of robbing the bees and | leaving them to their own devices, without assistance against their insect enemies and without protection against famine, Those studies in entomology turned attentioft to the ravages of our insect enemies, as well as to the labor of our insect friends, and now the Agricultural Department in Washington has in Dr. Chittenden and its other ento- mologists a skilled corps of scientific men who devote themselves to the study of every insect known in the country, and California has in Mr. Craw a scientific in- sect quarantine officer, who stands guard over all im- ported trees, vines and fruits, to see that foreign insects injurious to us are kept out. He is the most important of ail our foreign immigration agents, and the aliens he excludes and to which he denies asylum are among the most dangerous of immigrants. To the subject of insects, harmful and beneficial, more attention is given here than in any other State in the Union. IHere was first applied the discovery that there were insects that feed upon and destroy the various white, black and purple scale insects that kill the orange, olive and other fruit-producing trees. This d_iscovery has resulted in importing and breeding the various lady- bugs which have made our citrus crop safe. We have learned the use of another kind of useful insect. The ladybugs swarm upon scale covered'trees and keep up a perpetual picnic, increasing as they go, until the orchard is cleaned entirely. Then Mr. Craw found that we have a minute insect, a native son of the Golden West, which properly encouraged moves into the black scale, inhabits it as a place of residence and proceeds to eat up its habi- tation and then moves with its increased family into others. This little friend of ours does not increase fast enough to entirely overtake the black scale, which out- breeds it, but it does destroy from one to three quarters of the black scale every year, and the black ladybird from Australia does the rest. We got the San Jose sale from*China. It arrived be- fore we had our immigration laws against such aliens, and was unfortunately named the San Jose scale, to the injury of the good name of that splendid fruit region in the Santa Clara valley. It is now nearly exterminated here, thanks to another internal parasite and a ladybird hearing the royal name of Rhizobius Toowoombae. The San Jose scale was carried East, and as the use of bene- ficial insects is not as well understood there as here it has in some sections becomeythe terror of horticulture. The enormous benefit of such work as Mr. Craw’s is seen by a glance at the statistics of our fruit export, | which during the last year has been a thousand carloads a week. It is estimated that this season’s orange export will reach the high water mark of 36,000 carloads. For weeks past the tonnage capacity of regular freight trains out of the Northern California orange belt has been ex- ceeded, and special orange trains have been resorted to to carry the fruit to market. The land around the county poorhouse of Butte County is planted to oranges and the crop supports the poor of that county. The courthouse park in Merced is planted to oranges and the crop this year is 300 boxes. Think of what this means, not only by way of showing our obligations to the entomologists and the beneficial insects they have discovered and applied, but as an evidence of our climate. Eastern courthouses are surrounded by a few decidu- ous trees. which stand bleak and bare against the cold winter sky at this season, while in California the statue of Justice queens it over evergreen orange trees on which the yellow fruit and the white blossoms for the next crop appeal to the eye and the taste for the aroma of flowers. Even the pauper in this State basks in the sun of Decem- ber, in the midst of orange trees laden with fruit, which provide for him the comforts he requires, and relieve the taxpayer of a burden which is borne by our climate and the ladybird. The rest of the horticultural world will come to California to learn how to fight bugs with bugs, and out of that knowledge the grasshopper, the chinch bug and the Hessian fly, the weevil, and perhaps the terrible boll worm that threatens to make cotton growing impossible, will finally be overcome. The Paris Government is hopefully of the oy\)inion that the French people can never again be excited over the Dreyfus affair, but will tire of it quickly and drop it lan- guidly. If this opinion may be strengthened by the posi- tive assurance that everybody else on earth has tired of this case long ago the French Government should circu- late it immediately. * THE CANAL FUND. F the Panama treaty is ratified, we will immediately l pay to the new republic $10,000,000 and to the French company $40,000,000, which takes over all of its rights in the canal and also its interest in the Panama railway, the use of which is an economical feature in the con- struction of the canal. These two sums are the first pay- ment which assures the canal. It has been supposed in some quarters that a bond issue, adding to the interest- bearing debt of the United States, would be necessary to raise so quickly that large amount of money. But the treasury has a cash balance available of m:las on hand, of which $168,132,055 is in depository bonds and drawing no interest. The administration does not pro- pose to carry this dead capital unused and borrow money on which interest must be paid. So the $50,000,000 re- quired will be drawn from the depository funds. Once when finances and appropriations were under dis- cussion in Congress, John Randolph of Roanoke sprang to his feet and cried out: “I have fogud the philosopher’s stone. It is, pay as you go.” Presid:ng Roosevelt has found the philosopher’s stone, and by paying as we go will do more than merely start the canal. He will use- fully reduce the surplus, so as to remove from Congress the temptation 8 lavish mflm d will saye to the country interest on t )vg'l Itis a i Isubject for congratulation and should appeal to Ameri- i can pride, because this is the only nation on earth at this moment that can reach into its surplus for the money to pay for such a purpose. Besides this it is clearly possible that the treasury will be equal to the task of supplying the money for construction of the canal as the work progresses. What more forcible object lesson for the world could be given expository of our resources and our power than this? Another fact equally gratifying is that this money, re- leased from the treasury to pay Panama and the French company, will remain with us, because of the large bal- ance of trade in our favor and against Europe. The money will simply be turned over to the agents of the recipients and become a large transaction in interna- | tional exchange, and our own money is used to pay the | balance Europe owesus in trade. This is another fea- ture which could exist now in no other country. It comes as near as possible to eating our cake and keep- ing it. American patriotism is inspired by the appearance of | such possibilities, at a time so favorable for the in-! crease of our prestige. Other nations are girding and | belting for destructive war, and are making overtures | for loans in the bourses, to be spent in destruction, while we reach into our own pockets for the many mill- | ions which will begin construction of a work for the benefit of every nation and the use of the peace promot- ing commerce of all the world. It is one of the con- spicuous triumphs of republican-democratic institu- tions, and will long stand in history to the honor of an American President and his administration. The Russian Government has endowed the Governor of Finland with new powers, arbitrary, exacting and un- | just, over the people of this sorely oppressed land. Some day the Czar will inflict one cruelty beyond the limit of the endurance of the Finns and then we will see one of | those dread spectacles where a downtrodden race fights for existence, the world giving sympathy but no sup- port. L New York appointed a committee to investigate the decline of American shipping in the foreign | carrying trade of the country and to report upon the best i means of promoting the industry. The committee has | now submitted its report to the President and the facts “disclosed show a condition of affairs that is by no means creditable to either our patriotism or to our reputation | for business sagacity. The facts disclosed by the investigation are briefly summarized thus: “We find that despite the quadrupling of our foreign commerce our tonnage under register has | declined from 2,496,804 tons in 1861 to 873,235 tons ini 1902, and that while American vessels carried 72.1 per | cent of our exports in 1861 they carried but 6.6 per cent in 1902.” The extent to which our shipbuilding industry has declined by reason of the sweeping of our merchant | marine from the deep seas may be estimated from the | statement in the report of the committee that the inves-i tigation was undertaken “at a time when American ship building is in a state of unprecedented stagnation, when not a single new steamship has been contractcd: for in an American shipyard for nearly three years.” The report goes on to say: “We find that American vessels engaging in our ocean trade are to-day compelled to meet a more serious and a more destructive competition than ever before, largely | through the vast subsidies and bounties that foreign Governments are now paying to their merchant ships. | We realize that the purposes for which these subsidies and bounties are paid to their merchant ships by foreign Governments are chiefly military in order that there shall be available auxiliary cruisers, scouts, transports, col- liers, supply ships and such other vessels, with their COMMERCE WITHOUT STRIFE. AST June the Maritime Association of the port of | tial to the uses of the Government in time of war. And we further realize that the unprecedentedly low,freight rates resulting from these subsidies and bounties re- ceived by foreign merchant ships render successful and profitable competition on the part of unprotected vessels built in the United States and officered and manned by our own citizens absolutely impossible.” R&erring to President Roosevelt's recommendation that the Secretary of the Navy, the Secretary of Com- merce and Labor and the Postmaster General be in- cluded in any commission Congress may authorize to investigate ways and means for promoting our merchant marine, the committee recalls the interesting fact that under the administration of Washington Congress asked that Jefferson, who was then Secretary of State, prepare a report on “the privileges and restrictions of the com- merce of the United States.” The report made by Jef- ferson at that time is in many respects pertinent to the situation to-day. Among other things he said: “If particular nations grasp at undue shares of our commerce, and more especially if they seize on the for their own strength and withdraw them entirely from the support of those to whom they belong, defensive and protective measures become necessary on the part of the nation whose maritime resources are thus in- vaded, or it will be disarmed of iits defense; its produc- tions will be at the mercy of the nation which has pos- sessed itself exclusively of the means of carrying them and its policies will be influenced by those who com- mand its commerce. /If we lose the seamen and artists whom it now employs we lose the present means of marine defense and time will be requisite to raise up others when disgrace and losses shall bring home to our feelings the disgrace of having abandoned them.” Jefferson is renowned among men of his time as a far- sighted statesman. More clearly than any one elst of high station he foresaw the coming greatness of the Union and the difficulties that would perplex its people. Rarely, however, was he more far-sighted than when he wrote those words. Indeed they now appear almost like a prophecy. Our commerce has been made to serve as the support of the merchant marine of other nations who have grasped at undue shares of commerce. We have seen our country deprived of the merchant fleets that should be rightly counted among its maritime de- fenses. The situation is such as to call for the imme- diate 'urnest attention of Congress and the matter should be taken up at the present session. English statesmen Z.’ evidently exercising every pos- sible element of statecraft to find a way out of the diffi- culty into which their alliance with Japan has involved them. It is not particularly gratifying to throw one’s self into a row for new found friends, but it is a reasonably safe wager that England will find a way neither to of- fend Japan nor to harass Russia. i A | tion,™ trained and experienced officers and men, as are essen- | means of the United States to convert them into aliment | Remarkable Justice. can be found the records of a case un- paralleled in any but a real frontier American State. It was in the sixties when the city had a genuine rowdy, Tip McLaughlin, who never left his gambling quarters without having his pistol cocked. This rough had killed several men in his day, but at last he was jalled and forced to stand trial for the shooting of a reputable citizen. His popularity was such that he was admitted to bail, it being considered only a mere matter of form to place him on trial. His itria.l c@me off, however, and, much to his astonishment, the jury found him guilty of murder in the first degree, which meant hanging. The rough was seated in the courtrocom when the jury rendered its verdict. ‘While the verdict was being recorded he coolly walked out of the room and went to his quarters, where he packed his trunk and, after treating all of the friends whom he met about the hotel, took the first river boat to San Fran- cigco and there tock passage on a Pan- ama steamer for Central America. He died there a few years ago. In the meantime the Judge set a day for judgment and when that time arrived he ascended the bench and was about to pass the sentence of the court on the supposed prisoner, but there was no prisoner. The Sheriff was called upon, but that official stated that the man was on bail and had not been placed in his custody. The District At- torney was next interrogated and he, too, showed that no order had been given by the court remanding the pris- oner into custody. A convicted mur- derer had simply walked away from justice through the laxity of its officers. A Sure Game. “I was taking a kodak snap of the election count in a booth in the western portion of the city on the day of elec- said Professor Marcus Blum, usher to the Mayor, the other evening. ‘when a big colored fellow whom I had met some place but could not place bid me good evening. I gave him a cor- dial greeting as if I had known him very well. ‘Mr. Blum,’ he said, ‘who going to be our next Mayor? I replied that I thought Schmitz would be re- elected. “‘Do you think so?" he said. “ ‘Why, I certainly do.” “‘Well, there is a big coon down at the corner who wants to bet me $5 that Crocker will be elected,’ said the negro. I told him to go and bet the $5 on Schmitz; that it was a sure bet. ‘Go and bet him the $ and if you lose I will make you a present of $5," said L. “The colored fellow left the booth and I did not think gny more about the incident. In about a half-hour after- ward I was suddenly interrupted by some one prodding me in the ribs. I looked up and there I saw my colored friend in an excitable state. "Mr. Blum,” he yelled, ‘I bet that coon the $5; will you give me the number of your office?” Supports Commissioners. The Call is pleased to publish communica= tions from its readers in these columns, pro- vided that they do not contain any persomal sting_which would compromise the paper in any way. It further wishes to make the res- ervation that the publication of the sentiments of its readers does not indicate that the paper concurs in them. Editor of The Call—Dear Sir: Inves- tigation of the methods of the whole- | sale and retail dealers, the brokers, the | jobbers, the speculators, all middlemen | between the producer and consumer of | food products, notably fruit and veg- | etables, in your city has clearly proven | the wisdom of the Woodward law and | the necessity of its execution by the | Board of Harbor Commissioners, who | will unquestionably have the encour- ! agement and support of a vast major- ity of your citizens. They already have that reporesentative of business men, the Board of Trade, and the far-reach- ing and powerful influence of the news- paper press in their support. Among the most interested consumers | are those working for low salaries, as shown by your reports, and many of them have more than ordinary intelli- | gence, and having such powerful in- | centive will soon become capable lead- | ers of those of less ability and educa- tion. All others of limited means will sympathize with them, and some of | them will become hctive workers in | educating and enlightening the ig- norant and poorer classes upon the sub- ject of the abuses that you have un- | earthed that deprive them of food that | ought to be easily within their reach. All churches and benevolent institu- tions and associations will naturally | sympathize and eco-operate with a | movement having for its main object | the help of the needy, and will see in lthls a broad field that is destined soon |to become ripe unto the harvest, and | will enter in and work. Politicians, who !are good when it is convenient, will scent the battle from afar and begin to trim their sails, ready to fall' into line with the majority, and if made an issue in a political campaign it will elect | every municipal officer from the Mayor down. That a mere handful of men—a moiety of the population of your great city—should have succeeded by com- bined action and unscrupulous methods in so manipulating markets as to buy fresh and dried fruits at 2 or 3 cents per pound from the producer and sell it to the consumer at 10 to 15 cents per pound would be incredible if you had not proved beyond question that it was ! so; and when it is also shown that in furtherance of their nefarious schemes large quantities of fruit ‘were allowed to lie and spoil and be dumped into the bay, while what they delivered to con- sumers was at a price that put it out of the reach of many poor families, whose little children, pinched with hun- ger, cried for food that had Tuthlessly been thrown away, we have an exhibi- tion of unfeeling, selfish greed that is intolerable. Let us now hope that a keynote has ‘been struck that will eventually sound the requiem of all such doings. If so it vu\domm!vrthmo(mm- ducersand consumersof deciduous fruits all over this blessed land of sunshine, fruits and flowers than all the fruit &rowers' conventions that have ever In the musty archives of Sacramento | been held, its example and influence will be felt :and heeded in all the large cities and towns of this State and, in a degree, eéverywhere that deciduous fruits are grown. JAMES D. LADD, Vacaville. Chance. The hours creep or fly as fate ordains. The seal of man is vassal to his mood; Perchanece o'er secret sorrows she may brood Or revel in the court where reigns. Pleasure Perchance he suffers love's sweet-bitter pains, And famished, finds his heart the only food To keep alive the hope in dreams he woved— Perchance a draught of Circe’s cup he drains. We live for life, and ‘tis in life we find Or solace or the pangs of woe and care; We may not choose, but must accept the lot That chance provides; were kind, My love, I would know better how te bear This saddening solitude, where you are not. —Porter Garnett in Sunset. and yet, if you Chamberlain at Home. Apart from his occasional attention to gardening, Mr. Chamberiain is prob- ably as busy when at Highbury as dur- ing his heaviest official work. His cor- respondence and public duties have rather increased than otherwise with his relinquishment of official life. Two hundred letters on an average are re- ceived by him each day; all are read and answered personally, with the aid of a private secretary and competent shorthand writers. This correspond- ence has to be dealt with most care- fully; for artful opponents are forever laying cunning traps for the Birmins- ham statesman, and too faithful friends are but little less troublesome with their suggestions and conundrums. The House is beset with newspaper correspondents, with whom Mr. Cham- berlain is always popular. He talks freely with them and fully appreciates the power and influence of the press; yet no correspondent has ever extract- ed a secret from him. He works far into the night, Parliamentary life hav- ing accustomed him to late hours. Three in the morning often finds him still at his desk. His speeches are care- fully prepared, and are privately de- claimed to his secretary the day before delivery, the statesman meanwhnile smoking a brier pipe or a fat black cigar.—Booklovers’ Magazine, Answers to Queries. A BET—¥From a subscriber, City. It a man makes a bet that a certain pu- gilist will not fight another named pu- gilist, and he does not fight him, why the bet explains itself. AN OLD TIME MURDER—San Franciscan, City. The strangling of Caroline Prenel, in a house on Waver- ly place, for the murder of which Charles Mortimer was accused, oce curred on the 25th of May, 1872. SLEEP—R. N., Ketchikan, Alaska. “Does a brain worker or a physical worker require most sleep?” is a ques- tion that cannet be answered in a gen- eral way, as age, condition, eclimate and occupation and a variety of inci- dental causes must be taken into con- sideration. As a rule tall and bulky people require more sleep than short and thin ones and men require more sleep than women. In extreme old ags much sleep is needed. COMMUNITY PROPERTY—A. O. S., City, On the subject of commun- ity property the Civil Code of this State says: “The husband has the management and control of the com- munity property, with the like abso- lute power of disposition, other than testamentary, as of his own separate estate; provided, however, that he cannot make a gift of such commun- ity property or convey the same with- out a valuable consideration unless the wife, in writing, consents thereto.” VARIOUS ANSWERS—S.,, Suisun, Cal. California at the last held Presi- dential election had nine electoral votes and Nevada three. The ratio of representation in the TUnited States House of Representatives, according to the census of 1900, will, up to 1913, be 194,182. California’s Representatives to Congress are J. N. Gillette, Eureka; Theodore A. Bell, Napa; V. H. Metcalf, Oakland; E. J. Livernash, San Francis- co; W. J. Wynn, San Francisco: J. C. Needham, Modesto: J. McLachlan, Los Angeles; M. J. Danigls of Riversida. The Senators from California are George C. Perkins of Oakland and Thomas R. Bard of Hueneme. The manner of Electogs meeting and casting ballots is"provided for by article XIT of amendments to the Constitution of the United States. The time and place for meeting of such is fixed by each State. W. H. Beatty is the Chief Jus- tice of California. Melville W. Fuller is the Chief Justice of the Uhited States. ———— Townsend's California glace fruits and etehed boxes. 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