The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, December 24, 1903, Page 8

BER 24, 190 INSTRUCTIVE .STUDIEAS 'EB-MEN AND h B. B Wy g pelieve ht. 1903, & rts Many gas expe time 15 not gas will be fifty to a hur rom the point of it duction. This means that prog ve engineers are planning to give rs and the inhabitants of small towns and villages the blessings of illuminating and fuel gas. | 2 ural gas has been carried long distances. initial well pres- h no pumps or gas were required. in the natural lds and in towns and cities with- were given the which goes with ny gas wells in out, and mers have been 1 back on coal and wood 1 return to kerosene lamps. dvent of high-pressure artificial gas ) restore to those people the they have lost. promises t fue d 1 par C which distrib as under pressures ranging from twenty to thir- ty pounds to the square inch. One of them, the North Shore Gas Company has ite works at Waukegan and sup- p a territory 1e sixteen miles in which are half a dozen good- long. rest University »s and several schools and acad Intervals of two or thre= miles between to%Wns occur, there are occasional farmhouses. The line is over fourteen miles long, exclu- sive of branches, and is constructed of four-inch pipes, fhrough which the gas is forced at an initial pressure of twen- ty to thirty pounds to the square inch, with surprisingly small loss in pressure at the terminal of the line fourteen miles away The plant has been distributing high- pressure artificial gas for several years and the results led its general man- ager, George F. Goodnow, to write as foll ws . Constant observation of this meth- od of distribution leads to speculation regarding the field of operations and the use to which it may be put. Large cities and towns may be girdled with high-pressure mains, and distant regu- lators branched off to feed existing low- pressure mains at points where the supply is adequate, and much expense be saved in construction of large feed mains and a much more even distribu- tion be maintained. The reason does not appear why coke oven plants or other cheap methods of manufacture cannot be located mear coal fields or near mavigable waters, where cheap coal or oil may be secured and the pro- duct piped long distances under high- pressure to centers of population. The extent of gas compression has not yet Leen determined, and whether thirty or forty or 1060 pounds is the limit only careful study and experiment can dem- onstrate, but that twenty-five to thirty pounds’ pressure does not commercially deteriorate the quality of the gas for lighting or heating purposes I feel con- fident.” Great care is taken in putting togeth- er the pipe for high-pressure gas. The pipe is stronger and heavier than or- dinary pipe, and all fittings and valves sre specially made. Several hundred feet of the pipe line is coupled up on the bank beside the trench and tested with an air pressure of sixty pounds to the square inch—at least twice as much pressure as the pipe ever will be required to carry. If it is found tight the pipe is lowered into the trench, handled very much like a long line of large hose. There are several ways of distribut- ing gas under the high-pressure sys- tem. One way is to build gas holders, or reservoirs, in each center of popula- tion; the gas is sent from the central plant under pressure to these holders, but is distributed from the reservoirs under ordinary pressure. Another way is to install what are called “district regulators.” A regulating device which reduces the high to ordimary pressure is put in between the main line and the system of branches which make the district, and all gas in this district is supplied to consumers at ordinary pres- sure. The other method carries the high pressure to the individual meter. Just before it reaches the meter a regutator reduces the pressure so that the gas enters the meter at the ordinary pres- sure used in houses. Devices are placed which allow the gas to escape to the outer air should the regulator be broken or disarranged, so;that it is practically impossible for the gas to enter the house under high pressure. An air com- presser, slightly modified, compresses the gas to the required carrying pres- sure, and daily observations and care- ful comparisons fail to show that con- densed gas loses any of its {lluminating powers by being compressed. * o ® This is what is coming with artificial gas distributed under high pressure: The principal country roads lighted from end to end by incandescent man- tie gas lamps; farm houses with gas in every room and a gas stove in the kitchen; crossroad villages illuminated; thrashing machinery, hay choppers, dairy machinery, farm pumps, the little village factories and isolated industrial establishments operated by gas motors, and far out suburbs with sparse popu- lation enjoying all the benefits which The | the military reservation of | in which | their city friends possess because of il- luminating and fuel gas. Rough and Ready Defense. New York Evening World, uscle Building,” Ete.) pyright, 1903, by Joseph B. Bowles.) The golden rule for street fights is: “Keep out of them.” The man who wantonly provokes a fight of any sort is a rowdy. The man who willingly indulges in a street fight is doubly so. (Athletic E: A pert of Moreover, these lessons are for the| purpose of teaching the graceful and strength-imparting art of boxing. Slugging or rowdyism *has no part in them. Yet one of the main objects of box- | ing is to teach its devotees how to de- | fend themselves should the occasion | arise. inclined you may be the time may come when you will find if, necessary to fight. | Therefore it is well to &now how to fight. The man who is carrying $10,000 | to the bank alse carries a revolver. | He does not carry it with the idea of | firing into the crowd or of taking pot shots at any enemy he may sec on the | opposite side of the street. He is armed ’ in order to defend himself | should the treasure which he is guard- | ing be attacked. There is the same difference between | the boy who fights merely in self-de- | | fense when forced to do s and the| | rowdy who goes around “looking for | | trouble” as there is between the armed | bank messenger and the cowboy des-| perado who used to rejoice in *“shooting | up the town a whole lot.” | If a man or two men should attempt to “hold you up” it is well to know a | few ways of protecting yourself. If a | tough, drunk or sober, should take it | into his head that a thrashing would do | you good, would you not like to know | | how to,utilize your boxing lore in such a way as to avert that thrashing? Now, let us get to work, beginning as | asual by going over all the various| nts we have thus far studied, from | | left lead for the face down to pivot | | blow and back swing. | | | | In the first piace let me reiterate that | it is always best to keep out of a street | fight when you can. Do not do any- | { thing to provoke one, and keep out of | such a row even at the risk of incurring the charge of cowardice, ! But when a fight can no longer be aveided do not give up whils you can | stand. Keep at it as long as an atom | of life remgins jn your body. Poor, | pottering, Yerbose old Polonius -knew | | for once what he was talking about | | when he saia: ! Beware of ent | B entrance to a quarrel; but, bel | Bear it that the opposed may beware of Sooe _ Coolness is next ia valr: to courage | in a fight. If you lose your head and get “rattled” your knowledge of box- |ing will forsake you ana you win be [Jusz a trifle more helpless than i new | born baby. If, on the other hand, you | keep cool-and bring into use the box- ing tricks I have taught. you the chances are in favor of your conquer- | ing a fellow twice your size. | For one thing, the tough who goes | around picking fights is often more or | less under the influence of liquor. In | such condition a man cannot do jus- | tice to his muscles. Drink often makes | |2 man long to fight, but it always less- | | ens his fighting powers. You may thus | find assailants of that sort far easier to dispose of by use of a little skill and coolness than you would imagine, | ' | | Another point in your favor in such | | ;a contest is that the tough or ho]d-up] is seldom in condition. His style of | life and choice of recreations do mnot | conduce to athletic form, endurance or | great science. The athlete who is a good boxer and who trajns and exer- cises regularly is not ag’a rule the sort of fellow who holds people up or tries, to pick quarrels with them on the | street. The street fighter is usually a | drink-weakened tough, a loafer whose muscles are flabby and whose wind is poor, or else a longshoreman or work- man whose science is ill developed, and who, while frequently powerful, is slow and heavy in his motions. Against all such men the trained box- er has an incredible advantage. Cool- ness, speed, precision, endurance and science all fight on his side and help | him to win. Up to thig point, as you will see, the 0dds are all in your favor, and they may be greatly increased by free use of that Yankee attribute commonly known as “bluff.” 5 You know, for instance, what cards your assailant is likely to hold. You know he is vicious and quarrelsome, you know he is likely to be out of training or else slow and unskilled. He, on the contrary, knows nothing alout you, He does not know whether you are a weakling or a famous light- weight pugilist. If you can impress him at once with the beltef that you are the latter he will often be as eager to quit the fight as he was to begin it. Don’t, therefore. wait for him to as- sume > aggressive ~-d rush you. When vou see that the fight is inevit- able and that you have no chance to back out attack him at gnce. Next to avoiding a street fight the first, last and best rule to observe on such occasions is this: Always strike the first blow; strike it with full force, full skill and with full speed. Aim it at the point of the jaw if you can, and follow it up by an unceasing volley of other blows. Don't stop long enough to let your opponent assume the ag- gressive. Keep him on the defensive, and at every stage of the game let him know you are there and that you are there to stawy. Don’t rush wildly, swinging your arms like flails and wasting the breath you ma: need for a long fight. But plant every blow as skillfully as if you were in a prize boxing bout; be as wary in guarding and make each motion count in your favor. Take ad- vantage of every opening. You will find the work easier than a boxing bout with your sparring partner, for = ‘he chances are that the latter knows much more about boxing, is in better condi- tion and will leave fewer openings than will your street foe. And remember throughout to keep on attacking and to give your enemy no chance to recover frem the surprise your first blow imparted to him. | the course of the United States. THE SAN HiIANGIRCO CALL SO SN e S S JOHN D. SPRECKELS, Proprietor « « « o o « + « + Address All Communications to JOHN McNAUGHT, Manager Publication O™ce.......ouue ..Third and Market Streets, S, F. THURSDAY . PANAMA AT THE HAGUE. HE CALL said recently that the qdestion of sov- T ereignty and the right of revolution, involved in the Panama matter, could not be submitted to the Hague tribunal. This view is now approved by the for- eign diplomats, and is expressed by one of them at Washington, who says: “Nations can hardly be ex- pected to settle questions of sovereignty and national honor at the Hague. Moreover, in my opinion, it would not be within the province of the Washington govern- ment to grant such request from Colombia. It is to Pa- nama and not to, Washington that Colombia should taxe such a proposition.” % The Call also said that the assumption, of her due share of the Colombian debt by Panama could properly | ! go to the Hague, if not otherwise adjusted.” The same | last year produced commercially $22,000,000, while diplomatic authority indorses_this by saying: “There is, however, a question between Colombia and Panama And no matter how peaceably | which with all propriety might be referred to the Hague, | and to which reference the United States will scarcely offer objection. It is the question of the assumption by Panama of a part of the Colombian debt. If General Reyes should ask the United States to use its good offices to have this matter brought before the Hague, Panama might safely acquiesce in such a proposition.” Our views being so *far entirely indorsed, we venture further to say that the United States will effectively use its good offices to prevail upon Panama to vol‘untarily assume a just share of the debt, and we have no doubt that the new republic will readily assent to that course. Tt has merit that is not found in the alternative propo- sition, that Panamz pay directly to Colombia a part of the $10,000,000 she will receive from us for the canal, equal to her share in the debt. She will be far safer to assume the share of the debt directly, because, with her future prospects of prosperity and stability, she can easily refund it, on longer maturity and lower interest, and enjoy the use of what we will pay her, in the estab- lishment of her nationality and institutions. The diplomats also agree that when the European powers recognized. Panama, they sealed \\'it_h approval cognition of our right to realize the commercial needs and expectations cf the world, in the building of the canal. Colombia’s crude ideas are disclosed in the dispatch to Reyes, in the statement that under the treaty of 1846 we Tack the right of initiative in protecting isthmian transit. The language of the treaty is this: “The United States guaranty positively and efficaciously to New Granada, by the present stipulation, the perfect neutrality of the before mentioned isthmus, with the view that the free transit from one to the other sea may not be interrupted nor embarrassedsin any future time while this tfeaty ex- ists.” How can we make that guaranty good if the ini- tiative be left to Colombia? In transmitting the treaty to the Senate for ratification, President Polk said: “The importance of this concession to the commercial and ! political interests of the United States cannot easily be overrated.” In 1835 the United States Sénate by resolution called on the President to consider the expediency of opening negotiations with New Granada, for the purpose of “ef- fectually protecting, by treaty stipulations, such com- panies or individuals as may undertake to build a ship canal across the isthmus, and of securing forever by such stipulations the free and equal right of navigating such canal to all nations.” The treaty made that reso- lution effective. Mr. Polk said of it: “We are more deeply interested in this guaranty than New Granada herself or any other country. Such a guaranty is almost | indispensable to the construction of a railroad or ship canal across the territory. Neither sovereign states nor individuals would expend their capital in the con- struction of these expensive works, without some such sccurity for their investments.” It will be séen by all this that if we had no right to protect the isthmus, except when requested by New Gra- nada or her sovereign successor, Colombia, our guaranty was not worth the ink in which it was written. In fact the concession to us was absolute. Our guaranty was not subordinate to Colpmbia at all, for if it were it wo: 1d have been a vain thing and the treaty an idle trick. 1f we did not acquire the right of initiative we acquired nothing. As Polk made the treaty, and it was ratified by a Senate in which sat members who voted for the reso- lution of 1833, there can be no doubt about the meaning of the guaranty clause. We a:e particular in developing this history in which the purpose of the treaty must be sought and the inter- pretztion of its text found, because of the vast interest of inis city and coast in the construction of the canal. We winh the readers of The Call to know that the steps taken by the administration are not only essential to the success of the canal, but have been taken clearly within our rights to secure that end. While we regret that par- tisan spirit has appeared to block the way in the Senate, we are persuaded that such spirit has no.sympathy in the country. The administration needs to know that its efforts are indorsed by the commercial interests of this coast, and we again suggest that our commercial bodies assert themselves now, when their influence upon the Senate may be necessary and useful. The judicial authorities of Sacramento have exoner- ated from all blame the brutal prize-fighter who killed another m the ring a few nights ago. This decision ap- pears to be in perfect accord with the notions of right and wrong that prevail at the capital city. Public opinion that has been educated to the point of refusing to punish a criminal such as the convict Woods cannot be expected to find harm in a violent :ath in the prize- ring. T forpia as an investment made by nature for man far greater in value than all the gold of the conti- nent. The State Board of Trade responds to this senti- ment in one of our recent issues throu," its president, General Chipman, to the effect that “the matchless cli- mate bestowed upon California is an asset of greater money value to the State than the combined wealth of ail its present inhabitants.” = -General Chipman improves upon our terms. “Agset” is the proper characterization, and he proceeds to dem. onstrate the unchanging and invariable value of this asset, which no draft can exhaust, for he says: “As far back as we have any recorded history, and behind this, embracing traditions com: g through the early mission fathers, we learn of the_same equability of t“"l"““lfi, the same balmy atmosphere, the same luxuriance of vegetation. Our soil may require renewing by fertiliza- CLIMATE AS AN ASSET. HE CALL recently referred to the climate of Cali- This was done in re-p | municipality would be dear at fi It A tion, but our climate is as constant as tie sun. The con- ditions which have produced the result are themselves unchanging, and so maust be the result.” It remains to reduce the value of this asset in climate to terms understood. Mr. G. M. Wooster, director of the State Board of Trade, does. this in, speaking of irriga- tion.” Irrigation is one of the results of climate. The ests, and releases it at the precise season when it is needed. The profit of irrigation, as well as the water. to supply it, depend on the climate. We need the equable heat and dry season of the summer to get the highest results and profits from the use of water. Our climate permits the growth and gathering of many crops from the same land in a single season. Mr. Wooster says: “Three million acres in wheat and barley, non-irrigated, the | product of 300,000 acres of irrigated land sold for $5».000,000.” + These are facts, such as the State Board collects in fulfilling its function of giving reliable statistical infor- mation about the State. What could more startlingly | develop the value of climate as an asset? The climate, | by furnishing water supply and heat and other produc- ' tive conditions, makes possible the irrigation of the three million acres which yielded cnly $22,000,000 with- out irrigation. If our climatic asset is used, it will be seen that the three million acres would yield three hun- dred millions ‘of dollars, and, added to the product of the 300,000 acres already irrigated, would make the total product of three million three hundred thousand acres of California land $330,000,000 per annum. In that pros- | pect what ample scope is offered to the enterprise of the future! Is there a State in the Union, or a country in the world, that can by reason of its®assets in climate offer that certainty to the immigrants who will till the soil? 5 The imagination is always captivated by contempla- tion of gold and silver, and the fancy paints sumptuous pictures when gold and silver mines are mentioned. But the average annual value of gold and silver produced in the world since 1492 is only $213,000,000. So our asset in climate in California has put a potential annual value into the product'of three million three hundred thousand acres of land that exceeds the annual average value of the world’s whole product of silver and gold by $1y7,- 000,000. Tell this to the world. It is in figures of money and not figures of speech. Berkeley, well equipped in all the advantages that en- dow and adorn the intellect, is now determined that she will place her shoulder to the wheel of effort and make | herself physically good to look at. The pretty town lends itself so well to decoration and adornment that the new movement justifies already the high hopes of its success. Tand to the head of the Kings River Canyon that will make it easier to reach those famous places. The Thyo Independent tells of the Mount Whitney trail. The people of Lone Pine, it says, “have made a direct trail to the top of Mount Whitney from Lone Pine, which is easy of ascent with saddle horses and pack mules. It is a two days’ trip by this trail from Lone Pine to the summit and back, but the trip can be made in one day with a good saddle animal.” The informant of the Independent is E. H. Edwards. While he reports that the trip can be made in one day he suggests that to do justice to the scenery a longer time should be devoted. “Parties not in a rush and wishing to admire the beauties of nature should take three days for the trip, camping at Lone Pine, Whitney Canyon, at the Panaway Falls in Ibex Park, also at Deer Glen Mead- ows, near the timber line.” PATHS TO GREAT SCENERY. HE lover of the picturesque in nature will joy to learn of pathways to the summit of Mount Whitney Other plans are in view to make Mount Whitney's lofty peak accessible from another direction, the route to con- nect with the present trail by way of Visalia or Porter- ville. It is also proposed by the people of Visalia, Porter- ville and Tulare to make a trail from the Saw Teeth Mountains, gradually ascending the summit of Mount Whitney, there to connect with the Lone Pine trail. Those who wish can then descend to Lone Pine and complete the circuit. Mr. Edwards writes to the Independent that “if any party is not satisfied with being at the place nearest to heaven in the United States, the summit of Mount Whitney, it will be able to secure animals to Lone Pine and a guide to lead in two days into the sink of Death Valley, 500 feet below sea level, nevt to Hades.” The Visalia Times describes the new means of access | to the head of the Kings River Canyon. A new road will probably be completed by the 1st of July next from Happy Gap through the General Grant National Park to the head of the canyon at Copper Creek. “This,” says the Times, “will make a direct route from Visalia and from Sanger to the Kings River Canyon. The grade from Happy Gap into the park being eliminated, the trip from Visalia or Sanger can be made to the canyon in two days. The projected route from the park is by way | of the Tornado Meadows to Bubbs Creek.” - These localities are familiar to the thousands of active Californians who have at one time or another penetrated to the Kings River Canyon to contemplate its indescrib- able grandeur. A hint of other path making to great scenery is suggested by the Times, which says: “When the proposed road has been completed to the | Kings River Canyon it will be in order to coastruct an- | other from the latter to the Giant Forest, so that the circuit could be made by conveyance, the road into the forest having been completed early this fall.” Police sergeants seeking promotion in the local de- partment have expressed a very well defined fear that the Civil Service Commission is being manipulated by politicians to defeat the law and show favoritism to men with the required “pull.” It would be in‘eresting to dis- cover anybody who could prove that the Civil Service Commission has ever done anything else or has been ‘subject to any other influence. President Roosevelt has promised that if Wood be confirmed by-the Senate as a major general of the United States army no further honors will be showered upon the ambitious surgeon during the Rooseyelt term. Mr. Roosevelt might clear the atmosphere of this con- troversy materially by infogming theé"public what other honor he has it in his power to confer. Registrar Walsh says in his annual report that of all American cities we are the most economical in the con- duct of our annual elections. Walsh has .not taken into consideration the interesting fact that some of the people we elect in our wisdom to be office-holders in the : | climate stores the water - the mount4in snows and for-. Suggesting an Answer. In his law college, days Prosecuting Attorney Isidore Harris was the envied of many of his classmates because of the marvelous capacity he possessed for absorbing the hard dry stuff in the books. It is a college legend that Har- ris could memorize forty pages of Blackstone without an effort 2nd serve it out to his lecturers and quizzers as fast as the questions could be put. Best of all, Harris wasn't' a ‘bit mean in classroom and if a fellow student was caught he was always ready to supply an answer. It got to be a common oc- currence for the boys to depend on Harris. But one day Harris and his well-in- tended effort came to grief. Burbank Somers was standing a *“quiz” before Judge Charles W. Slack. Slack was a bit hazy qnat day and was floundering about as best he could. “Now, Mr. Somers, what is a leading question?” queried Judge Slack. “One that can be answered by ‘yes’ or ‘no,’ Blithely replied Somers. “No, no,” excitedly whispered Harris. “One that suggests the answer.” Unfortunately, in his haste Harris had raised his voice too high. Every student in the classroom heard the correction. Somers hesitated, looked at Professor Slack and waited. “Well, well, Mr. Somers,” added Judge Slack. “The one who suggested the answer suggested the right an- swer.” ‘A Poser for the Jurist. None ranked higher at the bar of California than the late Judge E. W. McKinstry. In many respects he stood head and shoulders above his fellows in the law. His counsel was sought by men who handled millions in money and property. But the great jurist was badly stumped once and was compelled to go forth for wasist- ance to save a humble Chinese cook. It was in this wise: .Judge McKinstry was trying a cele- brated land and riparian rights case, involving $1,000,000. With him as as- sociate counsel was Walker C. Graves, who was a relative of some of the liti- gants on McKinstry's side of the bat- tle. Just before the noon recess one day word came to the eminent attorney that Ah Gow, his favorite chef, an apparently peaceable toiler in the McKinstry domicile, had.been arrest- ed on a charge of murder. Now Judge McKinstry could imperturbably wage fights that took him into the deepest intricacies of land titles and what not, but a police case completely floored the distinguished Blackstonian. He showed his mental distress so keenly that Graves queried. “See here, Graves, my cook has been arrested for murder. What in heav- en’'s name shall I do?” pleaded Me- Kinstry. “Do?"” echoed Graves, not a bit sutr- prised. “Do? Why, get him out.” “Get him out? I can’t get him out. I don't know anything about this sort of thing,” declared the now thorough- ly e%cited lawyer, “Well, I'll see what I can do then,” said Graves, leaving McKinstry to wrestle with the million dollar trial Off posted the associate counsel. When court reconvened after recess Graves returned. “What did you do?” queried McKin- stry. 8 “I got yours Chinaman out and he will cook your dinner to-night,” re- plied Graves. “Thank heaven for that.” came fer- vently from McKinstry, who buckled to work with evident satisfaction. A Broken Sky. A downtown merchant has a little boy whom he rates as one of the brightest youngsters in this city. A few days ago, while at lunch, as was his custom, he began telling how bright the little fellow was. “Why,” he said, “you remember, here a few weeks ago, we had a light thunder storm. I happened to be in bed when the storm began. Just when the storm was at its height and the rolling of the thunder loud enough to fright- en most any one, my little boy rushed in. His eyes looked as big a saucers and he certainly was frightened. He crawled into my arms and commenced to sob. Finally he got his breath and told me he was frightened because ‘the sky was all broked.”” The Queen. December brings the Northman's snow, And winds that from the ice-pack blow, Harsh is December to the earth, Yet sweet and tender is its birth. O, sweet and tender! as a rose That blooms against the trampling snows, And smiles into hoar winter's sky, A summer gift that will a0t die. Bring snow or ice, we greet thee still ‘With a right merry Saxon will, For still thy honest North Wind blows To English air the Danish rose. And all our hearts with music stir For happy love and joy of her, Dear to the North, to England dear, The rose of all the changing year. —London Globe. Hour of Deaths. A French physician has utilized ex- ceptional opportunities for noting the hour of death of 880 persons of all ages in a mixed population and during a pe- riod of several years. The statistics col- lected by him show that the greatest number of deaths occur in the hour be- tween 5 and 6 o'clock in the the smallest between 9 and 11 o'clock in the morning. From 0 a. m. to 3 p. m, the mortality is not high, and the most Z the consequences of insufficient nour- ishment and diminished care. Wanted: Man Friday. The presence of the Boer prisoners in St. Helena caused boom times on the historic island. It is suffering se- verely from the reaction, so that the local paper, the St. Helena Guardian, one of the smallest sheets in the world, is tull of pessimism. Now that the 6000 Boer captives are all gone, there is no longer a remunerative market for St. Helena produce, and “vegétables are left to rot.” To make matters worse, the visits of ships—the principal source of income to St. Helena before the con- struction of the Suez canal—are getting more and more angellc in their infre- quency. The editor of the St. Helena Guardian C:clares .that “everybody is getting disheartened, the island is very dull, and there Is very little amusement beyond an occasional cricket match.” Really, Robinson Crusoe on Juan Fernandez led a more strenuous life than the hopeless individuals on St Helena. Spain and South America. It is declared on the authority of the Madrid correspondent of the London Times that the movement for closer commereial relations between Spain and the South American states has reached a stage which is attracting attention. It is a movement In which the United States is directly concerned. Racial and linguistic ties pilay their part in commercial affairs, and it is probable that the issue which has arisen with Colombia over the canal | does not tend to improve the relations of other South American communities with the United States. The South American countries would find it con- venient to appeal to the United States to assert the Monroe doctrine against European aggression, but the political relation which the doctrine implies has heretofore contributed but liftie toward the commerce of the United States wit' South America. Ancient Claim Revived. ‘When the United States Government was an infant just setting up shop on the banks of the Potomac there wasn't enough money in the national strong box to build a shelter for it. The com- paratively venerable commonwealth of Virginia helped the struggling young- ster out by lending it $120,000. The loan was authorized by the Virginia Gen- eral Assembly on December 27, 1790, and the money was to be used by the young Government for public buildings. For sixty vears the creditor made no ef- fort to collect this loan from Uncle Sam, but in 1850, the Federal Govern- ment appearing to be prosperous enough to justify it, Virginia asked to be reimbursed. The Washington au- thorities didn’t pay, and now Senator John Warwick Daniel has taken up Virginia’s claim and introduced a bill in ‘the Senate for its payment with in- terest since 1850. The creditor State is willing to have Uncle Sam deduet from its claim any money due him, but it believes it is time the advance was re- turned.—New York Sun. Answers to Queries. HORSEPOWER—M. 8., City. No ves- sel of the United States navy has a greater power than 23,000. 1 SAN FRANCISCO—J. L, Point Arena, Cal. San Francisco is in lati- tude 37.47.35 north, longitude 122.24.15 ‘west. COLUMBIAN FAIR—A Subscriber, City. The World's Fair, or Columbian Exposition, in Chica; was opened May 1, 1893, and it was officially closed October 30 the same year. CIVIL SERVICE—Reader, City. Ap- pointments to the insular civil service in the Philippines are made under an act passed by the Philippine Commis- sion and rules promulgated by the Governor of the islands. The municipal service of Manila is also classified and subject to the provisions of the act and rules, which are similar to the United States acts and rules. The United States Com- mission, under an executive order, as- sists the Philipp'~ board by conduct- ing examinations in the United States for the Philippine service and in all other practicable ways. These exami- nations are held only for positions for which competent natives cannot be found, the natives beinm preferred for appointment. The United States rules permit the transfer pf classified em- ployes who have - for three years from the Philippine to the Federal ser- vice, For further information address the United States Civil Service Com- mission, Washington, D. C. Nut and fruit candies at Townsend's. ® ——————— Glace fruit cream bar at Townsend's. ¢ —————————— Thousands of packages ready 1t Town- send's. v Choicest candies and chocolates in fire- etched boxes. Townsend's 715 Market. * ———————— Townsend moved from Palace Hotel to 718 Market, 3 doors from Call building.* ———————— Townsend's California glace fruits and i