The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, December 22, 1903, Page 8

THE FRANCISCO CALL, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 22, 1903. - B INSTRUCTIVE STUDIES ‘ER-M AND A from these same ledges have also been found as far southwest as Keokuk, Ia. Armed with these facts concerning the former extent of the Swiss glaciers, | Agassiz went to Great Britain and me to America and initiated those in- vestigations which have spread of glacial jce over the areas al- ready mentioned. Scandinavian bowld- ers cover Northern Germany, and are fo 700 miles southeast at Kief, Rus- sia: found at Tuscumbia, sixty miles up the Osage River, which comes down from the Ozark uplift to the south. They are also found on the south side of the Kansas River as far west as | Lawrence and Topeka, while windrows of them are found in Central Dakota, which have been derived from ledges in | the vicinity of Lake Superior. | e gy of these ice-transported is certainly surprising. Sev- n Switzerland which have been moved more than 100 miles would weigh more than 1000 tons apiece. The celebrated Pierre-a-Bot, a bowlder E = Neufchatel, Switzerland, meas- 50 by 20 by 40 feet, containing ca size Its wonders anout 40,000 cubic feet, while another s g every day. It is the near Monthey contained more than 60,- niia ogical epochs, and | 000 cubic feet. Ship Rock, near Pea- \ away. Greenland body, Mass. is a glacially transported | = ¥ B S bowlder estimated to weigh 1100 tons, shivering under the rigors of | D0 IEL o0 P ey ke in Montville, onditions. With the excep- Conn., near Norwich, would weigh 10,- tons. At Madison, N. H., there is a bowlder measuring 30 by 40 by 75 feet, which can be traced to ledges of Con- way granite, about two miles away. The so-called Judge's Cave, or West tock, near New Haven, Conn., is formed by a transported bowlder weigh- belt of mountains whole miles beneath deep, while with a still the southe end, some 0,000 square is still buried ice le to two mi continent, a, is so comy IV €D ing 100 tons, which can be traced to e that explorers have yet | well-known dykes of trap sixteen miles | penetrate ly the merest | to the north. A granite bowlder near ¢ o 'or Biree polnts. Lebanon, Ohio, which was brought by . . . the ice from Canada, measured 17 by 13 But the glacial period proper | feet, with eight feet out of ground, and . ok & B evidently a much larger mass under the ground. But Professor Orton has 000 = described a mass of Clinton limestone in Freeport, Warren County, Ohio, which is three-fourths of an acre in area and sixteen feet in thickness, which has been brought several miles. The central part of Northern Iowa con- tains a great number of bowiders of exceptional size brought from several hundred miles away. One of them fur- nished building stone enough to con- struct an entire church. P Although these transported bowlders 500,000 square North America of this ice fis ocean off the d Europe. In with many minor the Ohio River above Cincinnati, wnd Southern 1 lare such striking witnesses to the slow \‘nd”‘g but majestic movement of glacial ice during the glacial period, they are by » means the only ones. As the ice slowly crept over the surface fragments of rock became frozen into its lower strata, and bowlders, gravel, sand and clay were dragged along beneath it, furrowing and scratching and polishipg vers to Topeka, rd across the and Nebraska, Dakota to near al ; it 7""‘"““"”}:‘! the surface of the rock to an aston- 1g loop where it crossed the | jeping gegree. Almost anywhere over Mountains and the Sierras) to this glaciated area the removai of the Puget Sound the Pacific Ocean. | g,y will reveal scratched and polished If one had approached this line dur- y,cus underneath. The direction of the ing the glacial period anywhere from | . atches and the %grooves shows the the th he wouild have immediately struck the conditions of Greenland and found them continuous for thou- x Alaska still retains direction in which the ice was moving at the time they were made. This was, in the main, outward, toward the mar- gin of the glaciated area which we have described, but they were many curious variations. In Central Ohio the direction of the glacial scratches southwest, whereas on the islands in the western part of Lake Erie it is very nearly west. At Logansport, Ind., extensive grooves and scratches have been found where the movement is to- ward the north. This variation in the miles. s great glacier. miles being cover glacier nd a alor down from Europe the ice comes In indicates that there were eddies in the _ice, such as are found in the current t of a deep, slow moving stream of wa- that | ter. The grooves on the islands in the | glacial ice is simply compressed snow. | westérn end ¢f Lake Erie are among | Gl are formed wherever there is|the most remarkable in the world. One a s 11 which exceeds the melting groove, in hard corniferous limestone, power of the warm season. Every one | was about twehty feet broad and eight is fam with the fact th: now- | feet deep, extending for a long distance ball may be de as hard as ice by across Kelley Island. The surface of sufficient pressure in the hands. Where’ this groove is most finely polished, cor- snow accum tes its own welght ¥ als and other fcssils being cut off as duces the necessary pressure and trans- | Sharply as could be done by any grav- e o i er's tool. The direction of these grooves Ths in great masses could flow 1D the bed of Lake Erle is evidently Mie cold tar or molasses of any other due to the fact that the depression of the lake H.veited the ice movement in its closing stages in the direction of its longer diameter toward the natural cut- let on the west. A Good Yarn. fluid seemed, until a short time imy ible, and did not enter into thought of mankind. But about cars ago it was Cemonstrated nd that the ice was actually th in moving down the s, preceeding s an avalanche, but <reeping| spe Rugsian family of the Tolstois, with a true flow and carrying on its to which the great novelist belopgs, owes its rise, according to one of the pilgrims to Isnaya Polyana, to a cu- rious episode. The founder of this fam- ily was, in Peter the Great's time, a simple dcorke before the apart- ments of the Emperor. One day, as he was standing at his post, a noble- man approached and asked to be ad- mitted. The doorkeeper, hewever, re- fused to let him in, declaring that the Emperor had given him positive orders that no one that afternoon was to be admitted to his presence. “But,” said the noble, “I am the Prince”— back and frozen into its mass frag- ments of rock of varying sizes, some of | them being as large as a smail house. Under the lee of one of these rock masses on top of the Aar glacier Agas- siz buiit him a hut and conducted many of his most important observations. | il e The great extent of this glacial move- ment in former times was shown by the distance »which some of these bowlders had been carried. Many large masses of rock from Mont Blanc were found more than a hundred miles away on the flanks of the Jura Moun- 3 tains, which border the opposite side | “Still, I cannot admit you, sir,” said of the main valley of Switzerland. ' the doorkeeper. Bowlders froin the same region were Exasperated, the noble struck the doorkeeper across the face with his riding whip. carried as far east as Zurich, and as far west as Lyons in France, and are sprinkled freely over the east coast of England, nearly as far inland as Lon- don. In North America the transportation of bowiders by glacial ice has been =ven more remarkable. The backbone of Cape Cod and Long fsland, a line of hills from one hundred to two hun- | dred feet high, and two or three miles tjeman for obeying my orders. Here, broad, ie simply a pile of bowlders and | take my stick and strike him back.” small fragments transported from New | “But, your Majesty, this man is a England and Canada. Plymouth Rock | common soldier.” is a glacial bowlder which journeyed | “Then 1 make him+g captain,” said from its/ northern home thousands of | the Emperor. years before the Pilgrims set cut from| “But I am an officer of your Maj- Holland. Bowlders from the Adiron- | esty’s household.” dack Mountains are found upon the 1 make him a colonel of my Life summits of the Alleghenies in North- Guards.” eastern Pemnsylvania. In Southern| My rank as your Majesty knows, Ohio there are long belts of Canadian .:l 'J’":; of general,” protested the no- bowlders which can be traced to ledges | D eman- of rock north of Lake Huron. Even in | th Thf: lx:e hir a gzner'::. too, and Boone County, Kentucky, a few miles | - v g dhos. 5 o i | come from a man of your own rank."” south of Cincinnati, 2 number of red | he noble now took his punishment Sasper conglomerate bowlders, some of | phijosophically. As for the young sol- them two or three feet in dizmeter, | gjer, he was next day commissioned a have been found, which came from general and made a Count. From him well-known ledges in north of ' the present family of the Tolstois is ek Huron. of large size' said to be descended.—Boston Post. the other, “but nevertheless I cannot let you in.” | The tumult had been overheard by the Emperor. He now opened the door and asked what the trouble was. The noble told him. He listened in silence, and then he said: : shown the | is | direction of the grooves and scratches | “Strike away, vour Highness,” said | “You, Tolstoi, was struck by this gen- ; THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL JOHN D. SPRECKELS, Proprietor. . « - « + « . . . Address All Communications fo JOHN McNAUGHT, Manager Publication Office . (@ L veetvesssuessess Third and Market Streets, S. F. TUESDAY . ... ossesoesassetessssssssassbasesss ssosobomsnsiessspsonsipesagosinssssssnciorss DECEMBER 22, 1903 THE CALIFORNIA FIG. E desire to impress our readers with the im- W portance of the statement made by Mr. Roed- ing yesterday in regard to the production of the true Smyrpa fig in California. When Smyrna figs were first planted in California the trees were obtained with great difficulty, because of the indisposition of the Greeks to permit them to be taken abroad. Some plan- tations were made by sprouting the seed of the dried figs. When the trees grew and set their fruit it withered and dropped without reaching maturity. An inquiry into | the cause of this was made by Mr. Maslin of the State | Board of Trade, and the discovery was made that alone ! of all the fig family the Smyrna requires fertilization, and | that service is performed by a minute insect of the ! wasp family, called the blastophaga. pii : Efforts were made then to domesticate this insect in | California, but they failed, and the effort was abandoned | until the State Board of Trade brought it to the atten- tion of Secretary of Agriculture Wilson. That gentle- man, with his usual energy, procured a scientific exami- | nation of the matter, which disclosed the fact that the | blastophaga breeds in the fruit of the wild fig, or capri, and emerging from it, smeared with its pollen, enters the | immature Smyrna fig, fertilizes it, and breeding there | migrates again to the capri fig. Then the capri trees were imported with the fruit on them inhabited by the | insect. Mr. Roeding took charge of them in his nursery | at Fresno, where he had an orchard of Smyrna figs. The capri fruit passed through the winter months, and about eight hundred figs survived up to the time of emer- gence of the insect. The Smyrna figs were then ready | and were entered and fertilized, and in due time the in- | sect migrated back to the capri figs, which had then set | another crop. The problem was solved. Since then the | capri figs have flourished and the insect has increased | and seems to be entirely at home. That first crop produced six tons of dried figs, in i 1900. In 1901 the crop was twenty-five tons. In 1902 it | was thirty-eight tons, and this season it was sixty-five | tons. The fig, to distinguish it from the imported crop, } has been named the Calimyrna. As we have the Smyrna ! trees now in abundance for propagation by cutting, and the capri trees capable of multiplication by the same | process, another certainty appears in the horticultural | history of California. We are now capable of controlling the orange, prune and raisin market of this countty, and |in a few years we will control the fig market also. It | reads like a romance,’and it is the romance of produc- tion. Mr. Roeding says that the white Adriatic fig may be budded or grafted over intd the Smyrna, and this being | s0 our progress may be more rapid than if it wait for the propagation of new trees. The price we pay annually for | imported figs is nearly two millions of dollars, and is in- | creasing. All of this will finally come to California. Our iCalim)’rna fig has the advantage of reaching the con- | sumer fresh, without being filled with worms,\as is the l'case with the imported fruit, which passes through many | hands, and by reason of primitive methods in drying has | its ‘merits as a delicious food offset by infection. It is destined to meet the same preference into which our | raisins have grown. The Spanish raisin exudes its glu- l cose, which crystallizes on the skin. But not being suffi- | ciently saccharine to be antiseptic, this glucose molds and destroys the raisin, making it a short keeper and bad | stock to carry. The ‘California raisin retains its glucose within the skin, where it performs its proper function in giving character and relish to the fruit, and our raisin is the favorite in the trade, because it is a long keeper. When consumers discover, as they soon will, that the Cali- myrna fig reaches them fresh, with all its excellence upon it, it will take the market. Our climate is entirely adapted to the fig. The different varieties grow all over the | State. So abundant is the crop that the purple fig is a common food used for fatteming hogs, and there is no resh pork finer or more wholesome than the fig pork of California. The next conquest of our horticulture will be the do- mestication on the deserts of Southern California of the highest quality of dates, the Deglet noor. This has al- ready been accomplished in a limited area in Arizona, where the conditions are less favorable than here. The next generation of Californians will see the mar- ket of this country supplied with California dates, of the highest quality, and this State will then have command of the most valuable special productions in fruit known to the world, in table grapes,. figs, oranges, olives and dates. What more can be desired? Let it be remembered, too, that no other part of the world, of similar area, produces all of these. Their pro- duction here embosses upon California the highest hor- ticultural capacity that has ever been found anywhere. This fact cannot be too often emphasized nor too widely published. At St. Louis next year it will be impressed by the presence of the actual products. | The glad tidings of an impending revolution in Hon- duras have come to us from the volcanic civilizations of the south. What a splendid opportunity now presents itself for unloosing the colony of crooks which we in- flicted upon the little republic. Force the rascals to fight and we may get some of them back for merited punishment. | | | 1 THE CHICAGO STRIKE. T would seem as if industrial war has reached its acute stage in Chicago, where the removal of the bodies of the dead from the homes of bereaved peo- | ple is forbidden and their burial prevented by the strik- ers. The Board of Health has suspended its interment | regulations and forbidden the publication of deaths, be- | cause the house of the dead is at once surrounded by pickets, who deny the right of ingress and egress. When | armies are in battle they #make truce to bury the dead, but in this great city of the United States there is no truce, and the dead must lie where the breath left them. Such incidents cause grave doubts of the supremacy of the law and of its capacity to protect individual rights. A new issue entirely is raised, that has no right relation to labor questions. Tt is entirely an issue between law and lawlessness, between the enjoyment of the most | primitive and necessary of personal rights and their ar- bitrary denial. b Just at present there is no better -missionary field for cool-headed labor leaders, who feel the impulse of Amer- ican citizenship first of all obligations, than Chicago. The lawful authorities seem to have retreated or surren- dered, and left the field open to such missionaries. If the dead may not be buried, and the right to use for that purpose private vehicles is withdrawn arbitrarily, as it is now in Chicago by making such use too dangerous to | | be attempted, and if there be a force strong enough 2 5 driv’e out of the hearts of men that respect for the dead who can work and war no more, there is present an is- sue the most peculiar and the most painful that has ever been joined in civilized+society. It goes far beyond ar- bitrary deprival of the means of living. Such use of power heretofore has been somewhat indifferently opposed by those who administer the law. Heretofore human enmity, in savage and civilized con- ditions, has been under the rule that when God’s hand is on a man and his breath is gone man’s hand is with- drawn. The violation of this rule, and acts that go fur- ther in violation of what has béen universal usage, is a most portentous circumstance. ¢ golden harp; The interesting fact has developed in connection with the New York inquiry into the affairs of the ship-build- set aside two hundred thousand dollars with which to bribe and subsidize the French press. This appears to schemers which did not materialize. THE SEASON’S RAINFALL. R fall of the season show that while it has not been | equal thus far to the desires of the farmers, it needs of the time. San Francisco, with a total rainfall this season of 6.02, as compared with 5.13 4t the cor- 11,53 last year, are the only points that show a heavier rainfall this year than last. Everywhere else there has sufficient to occasion uneasiness. Most of the reports are of a satisfactory nature and Thus from Stockton comes the statement that the weather this season “has come just right for San Joaquin thus far has been a good average, that the ground is well moistened, the country looks green with growing grass, chard and vineyard districts the work of the season is well under way. are glowing. One of them says grass is making a splen- did growth and is almost large enough to nurture stock. culating on exceptionally fine grain crops from the fact that their fields never looked more promising at this sea- compared with last year, but there has been enough, it seems, to keep the ground in good condition for the hopeful feeling prevails and some of the weather-wise farmers are reminding one another that the seasons in beneficial. In the southern counties the situation appears to be have been rains in the counties both north and south of Los Angeles, but in the belt which includes Los Angeles, been as dry as it was during the years of dought. Prac- tically no rain has fallen here since the first week in Oc- ing which wet the ground so as to make the ranchers cease irrigating. As yet the conditions cannot be said to badly needed.” { The tenor of the reports throughout the State is to | ation is by no means alarming, even to those who are most prone to look on the dark side of things and to The season, moreover, is not yet far advanced, and there | will' be time enough for abundant rains later on. In more than those of the fall and early winter, so that there is nothing in the present shortage in some locali- look forward to a year of average prosperity, and that means a prosperity which in?ny other State would be THE FALL OF WADAIL T HERE appeared in the press recently an insignifi- the independent states of Central Soudan, had finally passed into the power of France under a pro- far greater than the trivial import that it may carry to the diplomats, for the fall of Wadai marks the eradica- tinent of Africa. In the year 1442 Prince Henry the Navigator, King' of Portugal, became the first African nameless dhow of the Soudan marks the passing of the last one. human chattels was made. The place was the English House of Commons and the men who sounded the cry the moral sense could not yet override vested interests; it remained for the King of Denmark to be the first 1792 to prohibit his subjects from all dealing in the bodies of black men. Then the British Parliament overcame the famous act for the abolition of the slave trade. From that date England assumed the leadership in the the last of her possessions in Africa were cleared of it a few years ago. own country is writ too large in our history to make a reference to it necessary. Comparatively few, however, ence in our Department of State from 1815 down to the passage of the thirteenth amendment which does not con- the subject of the slave trade. Upon the close of the civil war our Government united coast and the slave evil began to be hunted down in its lairs. By the partition of Africa among the Europeam of the dark continent were opened to purging. The Brussels Congress in 1903 declared for a complete scour- Free State, German East Africa, the French provinces below the Sahara. Piece by piece the man hunting ing trust that the dishonest manipulators of the concern be one of the very few dishonorable plans of the EPORTS from all parts of the State on the rain- has nevertheless been ample in most localities for the responding date last year, and Santa Rosa with 15.07 to | been a shortage, but in very few places is the shortage show a sanguine and hopeful spirit among the farmers. County.” The report goes on to say that. the rainfall there is an abundance of food for stock, and in the or- Sonoma has had ample rain, and reports from there Early sewn grain is doing splendidly, farmers are cal- son of the year. Santa Clara has had a short rainfall as fall plowing. Salinas Valley needs more rain, but a which the rains came late have been as a rule the most more serious. A report from Los Angeles says: “There Orange, San Bernardino and Riverside the season has tober. There have been a few slight sprinkles, but noth- be very serious except to owners of s(pck. put rain is the effect that while more rain has been desired, the situ- | suffer from fears of evils that have not yet befallen them. most of our counties the spring rains count for much ties to disturb anybody. We may confidently indeed regarded as a record-breaker for abundance. cant paragraph to the effect that Wadai, the last of tectorate. This bit of news has a humanitarian interest tion of the last vestiges of ghe slave trade from the con- slave trader. In the year 1903 the submission of some In the year 1776 the first move against the trade in of warning were Fox, Burke and Pitt. But in England successful champion of the cause of humanity and in the resistance of the slave owners and in 1807 it passed opposition to the noxious traffic and never ceased until The story of the bitter struggle over slavery in our know that there is hardly a file of the year’s correspond- tain some diplomatic negotiation with Great Britain on heartily with Great Britain in the patrol of the African powers at the Berlin conference of 1885 the slave states ing of the whole east coast and Central Soudan, Congo dhows were forced to relinquish their territory until the fall of the potentate of Wadai marks the disappearan of slavery from the theater of civilization, ’ The Maestro. - It was in a little wine shop up un- der the shadow of Telegraph Hill. The noisy crowd of fishermen were sitting about the tables with their pint pots of wine before them, laughing, chat- tering, pounding their tin cups on the stained boards. One big bearded fel- low in the corner was engaged in a highly heated argument with his fel- low over the relative merits of so- cialism and democracy when he was interrupted by the entrance of a little, bent old graybeard, bearing a heavy golden harp on his shoulders. One casual glance in his direction and the laughter, the vociferations of the bearded man and the drinking went on. * The stranger with the harp slipped timidly over to a dark corner and there unslung his burden. Placing the tarnished gold base of the instrument between his feet, the aged musician bent caressingly over the strings with his cheek laid in tenderness against the dark sounding board. Then his knotted fingers began to slip over the chords. At first there was the faintest ripple of harmony and then stronger and more surely the melody swelled into some wild, uncanny Hungarian rhap- sodie; the wailing of the restless spirts of the steppes, heart cries, sighs, breaths of anguish. Then the thrum- ming almost ceased and drop by drop there sounded sweet, liquid rain notes —the smiling of a summer shower in Po Valley. Then a song, far off some- where, sounding echo-like, as of a spirit voice. The half raised wine mug was stay- ed midway there in that dingy wine shop. Men sat with mouth agape, forgetting to breathe. The anarchist with the shock of whiskers was bowed over on the table in front of him, moving not. The barkeeper stood with arms rested on the bar, his hands cov- ering tightly both of his eyes. And over there in that shadowy corner beneath the smoking lamp was the olg musician, head bent in reverence, eyes closed, nursing the sounding board with his withered cheek. Still on and on sounded the whirr- ing and the organ pealing of that plaintively beseeching at times, again ringing out with war's alarm, then dropping to the croon of a lullaby. At last with a shuddering sigh of anguish the music halted and ceased. The bent old man arose with- out a word, shouldered the great gold- en harp and slipped out into the night. “Ah, he was a maestro once,” whis- pered the barkeeper. Queer Kleptomaniac. Kleptomania as an excuse for theft is accepted at most police headquarters with mich reservation. But once in a while poliee detectives run across cases that give such strong evidence of abnormal mental processes that they are set down as remarkable psycholog- ical phenomena. In point is the follow- ing: From .a prominent society leader complaint was lodged at police head- quarters that a number of valuable Jjeweled rings had been stolen. Investi- gation by detectives centered the theft upon a young woman who was a close friend of the loser of the gems. The | missing jewels were traced to a pawn shop, where, it was proved, the sus- pected girl nad pledged them. Thence the fact was uncovered that the thief had bought other jewelry with the money received from the sale of the rings and had sent the purchase to the friend from whom she had stolen. Still farther the police went and to their astonishment uncovered the fact that Miss Blank, the thief, was a con- firmed chloroform “fiend.” Physicians studied the case. Opinion was unani- mous that the degenerating effect of the drug was responsible for the girl's action. Doctors and police accepted the facts as conclusive that a real mania existed. Of course the disclos- ures barred prosegution. Collected His Fee. A well known up country storekeeper was in this city a few days purchas- ing holiday goods. While chatting in one of the wholesale houses he told the following story of an old attorney in his town, who did a thriving business as a collector of bad debts. “About a year ago,” sald the mer- chant, “I told this lawyer that if he could collect from a resident of my town a bill of $20 he had owed me for several years he could have half of it. He accepted the commission. I did not hear from him for months, and one day, a few weeks ago, I met the man who owed me the money and told him I had engaged the lawyer to collect it from him. ‘I know you have,’ he re- torted, much to my surprise, ‘and I have paid him." “The next day I sent for the attor- ney-collector and asked him why if Blank had paid him he had not turned the cash over to me. “The answer I got nearly staggered me. ‘Why,” he said, ‘I was only able to get my half out of him.” ™ Radical Deputies. Of a recent order of the French Chamber of Deputies a European dip- lomat speaks as follows: “Ever since the first Napoleon re-es- tablished the Roman Catholic church in France—100 years ago—and relegat- ed to oblivion the Goddess of Reason, set up by the Terrorists;, the crucifix has always figured in every court of Justice in France, on the wall just be- hiad the seat of the presiding Judge, adding a certain solemnity to the scene. The French Chamber of Depu- ties has, however, now passed a vote by a considerable majority, providing for the disappearance of the crucifixes and of the paintings of Christ on the cross from all the courtrooms and tri- bunals throughout France. This is to be regretted, for in courts where so as many judicial errors are cent of wrongdoing, to death upon the cross, the victim of his error being the founder of Christianity. Fortunately, | the vote of the French Chamber of Deputiés has still to be ratified by the Senaté, which, it is hoped, will with- hold the necessary approval which is needed In order to convert it into a law of the land.” Ice in Jerusalemt. From a recent consular report it de- velops that the ice business in Jerusa- lem is growing. The first plant was established at Yafa, the seaport of Je- rusalem, in 1890, but it had a rather precarious existence until 1899, when there was a boom In the business, and the plant began doing a paying busi- ness. It took nine years to acquaint the natives with the delights of ice, and now it Is used in all the hotels and by the foreign residents as well as the wealthy natives. In 1899 another plant began operations and has since been successfully running in Jerusalem. The price is 5 cents per kilogram (nearly 21-5 pounds). When the works were first established the price was 10 cents per kilogram. The water in Yafa comes from wells and, owing to their proximity to the sea, is brackish. The ice is never clear, and when melted leaves considerable sediment. The wa- ter used in Jerusalem is rain water, from cisterns, and the ice is like crys- tal. No natural ice is taken to that country. Invisible Uniforms. Noticing that the gray winter unie forms of German troops and the blue clothing of Chinese spectators could not be distinguished from each other at long distances, a German officer in China experimented on the visibility of uniforms. A column was divided into five sections, each with its special clothing, and was placed in close for- mation behind bushes without foliage. At about 1400 yards the section in gray and that in overcoats appeared like uniform dark posts, while the section in khaki and that in canvas were hardly visible. At 500 yards the gray began to look lighter than the dark blue. The gray overcoats, like long dark stripes, made very good marks, but both khaki and canvas were difficult marks at all distances. Answers to Queries. IMMIGRATION—S., Livermore, Cal. The immigration to the United States during June, 1903, was 98,821; during May of that year the number was 137,- 514, and in July following 67,538. The figures for each month are from the first to the last of the month. THE OREGON—Subscriber, City. The steamer Oregon, which brought the news to San Frauacisco of the admis- sion of California into the Union, crossed the Golden Gate, Inward bound, October 18, 1850. The celebration of admission day was held October 29, the oration being by Nathanfel Benmett of the Supreme Court and the poem by Mrs. Willis. WOUNDED KNEE—Ex-Volunteer, City. At the battle of Wounded Knee, Nebr., amber 28-29, 1890, when the United States military authoritles at- tempted to put down the Indian ghost dancers, troops of the Seventh United States Cavalry took part. Captain George D. Wellace, Lieutenant J. D. Mann and twenty-eight of the troopers were killed and thirty were wounded. Two hundred Indians were killed. PATCHES—Subscriber, San Jose, Cal. The custom of ladies wearing black patches of gummed taffeta on the face with the idea of heightning the brilliancy of their complexion dates back in England to 1653. In “Artificial Changeling,” published at that time, a writer contributes the following: “Our ladies have lately entertained a vain custom of spotting their faces, out of an affectation of a mole, to set off their beauty, such as Venus had: and it is well, if one black patch will serve to make their faces remarkable, for some fill their visages full of them, varied into all manners of shapes.” The fash- jon of wearing patches on the face was common with Roman dames in the lat- ter days of the empire. LUMPY JAW-—A New Subscriber, Mayfleld, Cal Actinomycosis, also called “lumpy jaw” and “hold fast,” is a parasitical, infectious, inoculable dis- ease observed in cattle and also in man, characterized by the manifestations of chronic inflammation, with or without suppuration, often resulting in the formation of granulation tumors. The disease is due to the presemce of a characteristic micro-parasite, the ray fungus, actinomyces bovis, which is composed of fine mycelial threads and club-shaped bodies. The most frequent and most curable form is when the ab- scesses form about the jaws or teeth. The only treatment of the disease !s removal of the infected tissue. When the parasite has found a nidus in the lungs or digestive tract all treatment is useless. » e e— Outfits for oil painting, water color, drawing. and taking photographs are de- &I* for Christmas. Sanborn, \'nl‘..& "A mice Brepent Tor Eastorn DPresent for Easte 715 Market st., above Call bids. * Pt ot 2 Sl