The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, December 17, 1903, Page 8

at the Fair. Louis Ex: Commission nnial Stute k on their World’s time lost by past in- imission Las e than made up, and in no the Commissioners an ate king more in harmony with and various The ion in the officials we the cit industrial or- ganization The ag exhibits in the warehouses 1¢ s+ shipment repre- sent an outlay of $10,000. In th de- partme C ado wi make a more representative exhibit than she has ever made at any exposition. On peach day, melon dey, strawberry day and epple day Coiorado fruit growers will | send fruits to the Wor Fair in | trein lodds to be distribute free that the excellence f h duc may be practically demonstrated Grain wil > be exploited. A Monte Vista farmer has sent an exhibit of oats that are eight feet iall. Some epecimens of the Pe ola foraze piant that has attained a height of twelve feet will be shown. Tobacco as fine as can be grown anywhere wili be 2 part of ‘he exhibit. Jerusalem corn be g the agricultural novel- ties An interesting feature planned is Colorado’s exhibit of wild animals One or more animals of every species in St esented by living specimens, will be shown. Eight acres be allnged to this feature. The il be shown in cages where the gentler species being pens. In addition to the live animal display splendid specimens the taxidermist’'s art will be exhibited. The fear that Colorado would not have a building has proven unfounded. the seven members of the State declared themselves g and plans for as will be sion have ture lected £ ont's recent official decla- World’'s Union, New ware, have failed e Universal Exposition. being made in these uce participation, and when the fair opens it is quite within the range of possibilities that they will be represented by creditable ex- hib . Verment Legislature failed to provide any fun the State’s par- ticipation, but the inent manufac- turers were called together by 'Gov- ernor McCullough and it was deemed | essential that some concerted action was necessary. Assistance from tae Legislature could not be obtained, and it was decided to raise a'fand of $15,000 to defray the expense of a State exhibit. Vermont's granite and marble indus- tries are extensive, and her displays in this line will be the largest and most complete that she has ever made at any exposition. Other resources will be shown as well. Vermonters are anxious for a build- ing at the World’s Fair. Governor McCullough is interested in this phase also, and at cne time he considered the advisability of erecting such a struc- ture himself. An additional fund for a building will likely be created and a etructure creditable to the State may yet be built. The Digestive Tract. BY W. R. C. LATSON, M. D. (Battor Health Culture Magazine, New York.) (Copyright, 1905, by Joseph B. Bowles.) In one sense the most important act of life is digestion. Without digestion life would be impossible. For the life of the human body is, in reality, a pro- cess of combustion, a slow burning up, and digestion is the operation of pro- viding fuel by which this slow combus- tion §s maintained. N The human body appears to be a fixed and unchangeable mass of flesh, blood and Yome. As a matter of fact, how- ever, the body is no more stable than a cataract, which in form remains un- changeable for ages, but changes the water composing it uninterruptedly. The human body presents an appear- | ance of identity which is quite illusory. Constantly the individual cells are dy- ing at the rate of many million every minute; constantly are they being re- placed by new born cells. Every year an amount of matter equal to one and & »aif tons in weight passes threugh the human body. And at this rate there must be an entire renewal of the body in from two to four years. . We have said that the new cells are born to replace the worn out and dead cells. Now the material out of which the mew cells are formed is provided by digestion. The process of digestion may be de- scribed in a ‘word by saying that the alimentary apparatus is a complex and convoluted tube passing through the body, and that the food. as it moves onward through this tube, comes ip contact with various fluids, which con- wvert it into matter capable of passing through the walls of the tube and en- tering the blood. For our present purpose foods may be divided intc three classes—firs: carbo-hydrates (starches and sugars); second, proteids, and third, fats. The first act of digestion is performed in the mouth, where the mastication of the food in the presence of the saliva causes & portion of the starch to be changed inic suger. This change (amy- INSTRUCTIVE. B el {lacteals. creditable | f the opportunities | lolysis) and the ferment (ptyalin) to which it is due were discussed in the last article. The food mass, then, as it passes | from the mouth by being swallowed and enters the stomach through the esophagus, is changed in that part of its starch which has been converted into sugar. Thus far’the proteids and the fats are unchanged. In the stom- h, however, the food mass becomes mixed with the gastric juice. Now the gastric juice has the power to change proteid matter fnto peptone. The im- portance of this will be understood when it is stated that mere proteid cannot pass through the walls of the alimentary tube, but that peptone can do so just as water soaks through a sponge. The peptone as quickly as it is formed soaks through the walls of the stomach and is collected by the tiny | blocd tubes (capiliaries), which wind ! their minute coils just under the sur- face of both stomach and intestines. | During the interval of gastric digestion | the band of muscular fiber called the | pylorus (from a Latin word meaning | “gatekeeper”) remains tightly closed. After a time the pylorus opens and al- { iows the food mass to enter the intes- | tines. The *food mass consists at this | time of starch, converted starch—that | sugar proteid—part of which has | been changed to peptone and fats, ! which thus far are unchanged. In the intestine the food meets with a number of important and powerful | ferments, the bile from the liver, the | amylopsin (starch converter), trypsin | (peptone maker) and steapsin (fat | emulsifier) from the pancreas and the is, | invertin and other ferments of the in- testinal fluid. The combined effect of | these enzymes or ferments is to con- { vert the remainder of the starch into sugar, to change the rest of the pro- teids into peptone and to convert the fats into an emulsion. An emulsion is | merely a separation of a fat into very minute drops. The absorption of these matters in the intestine is a peculiarly interesting and beautiful process. The inner sur- face of the intestine is covered with minute structures known as villi. These villi average about one-fiftieth of an | inch in diameter and are set close to- gether, giving to the surface an ap- pearance like a fine plush or velvet. Fach villus is made of epithelal cells, like a tower built of bricks. And the duty of each individual cell is to ab- sorb from the food the digested pro- | ducts—sugar, peptone and emulsion— as soon as they are made. RETRERS Inside of each of these tiny towers or villi there is a complex coil of blood vessels and little bulb-like bodies called The blood vessels of each vil- | lus are, of course, part of the general blood stream. The lacteals combine into larger and larger trunks and finally empty their contents into the great blood tubes near the heart. Their ac- tivities will be more fully explained when we come to discuss the lymphatic | system, of which they are a part. ow, the little epithelial cell which | covers the villus is the real worker. | Each cell vasses the sugar absorbed | over to the blood vessels and turns the fats absorbed over to the lacteals. The peptones absorbed by the epithelial | cells are taken up part by the blood v (capillaries) and part by the | 1acteals, all three, sugars, peptones and fats, thus finding their way finally into | the blood stream. sels Mark Twain C, m[/’.ncxcs. Before sailing for Europe Mark Twain took occasion to tell the follow- ing story on himself at the Authors’ Club in New York: “I have found this dealing with law- yers an expensive undertaking,” said he. “It has cost me four umbrellas al- ready, to say nothing of the onslaught upon my morals. I have done nothing but buy umbrellas and leave them in my lawver's office. The other day I stopped at one of the umbrella coun- ters in a big downtown office building, where there were three piles of um- brellas. One pile was marked $1, the second pile $2 and the third pile was marked $2. I did not look beyond the third pile, because this contract was not yet signed, and 1 wag not certain | how much money I could afford to spend. I said to the man in charge of the umbrellas: ‘I am’a stranger from west of the Mississippi, all un- used to the effete ways of the East. | 1 came from the wild and hoping West, and I appeal to you, as man to man, whether, in your judgment, you being an Eastern man, and I a stranger on his first visit to your great city, yvou would advise me to buy this $1 um- brella for $1, the $2 umbrella for $2 or the $2 umbrella for $3? 1 ask you this as a pilgrim and a stranger.’” And the man, leoking me straight in the eye, eaid: ‘As man to man and speaking heart to heart to you, a stranger, I would advise vou to buy the $3 um- | brella—Mr. Mark Twain.’ ! “Which shows that a man with a past !rnn't get away from it—even if he has become honest enough to buy his own { umbrellas. That is the trouble with me. 1 can’t fool anybody, I am too pure, too innocent. Everybody takes advantage of my innocence. It is a lmixhly good thing I was not born a { girl” Driven From France. As a result of the recent seculariza- | tion of property beionging to religious lorders in France a movement has taken place which resembles the self-imposed exiie of thousands as the result of the { famous edict of Nantes of Louis XIV three centuries ago. The London West- minster. Gazette gives some interesting figures upon the exodus of the monks and nuns from France. It says: “As a result of the French interdic- tien of religious orders England, it is said, has received about 6000 monks and nuns. Some 1800 have gone to the United States and about 1100 to Can- ada. Monks and nuns have come in about equal numbers to England, and the convents and monasteries have been increased by about 602 by the in- flux. In the diocese of Southwark alone thirty-one new missions have been opened. Throughout the country forty-seven new convent schools were established last year. The exiles have brought a connldnrq,bu ~sum of money with them.” R E NCISCO . CALL, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 17, 1903. THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL Y All Communications 1o JOHN McNAUGHT, Manager ey g 5 .+.Third and Market Strects, S. F. “itesestiioness.... DECEMBER 17, 1903 THE GEARY-STREET ROAD. THURSDAY. DVOCATES of municipal socialism are not satis- A fied with two trials at public ownership of the Geary-s@§eet road, but return frequently and fran- tically to that subject. Other cities have had the pre- liminary experience of San Francisco. In 1893 Detroit voted for public ownership of electric lighting, and g2 per cent of the vote cast was for the plan. The present year, with the experience of Detroit to admonish them, the citizens of Cleveland voted on the same proposition and it was beaten by an actual majority of 6000. This refusal to embark in municipal socialism was dae to the campaign made by the Citizens’ Association against mortgaging the city to pay for a public utility which only part of the taxpayers could use. It was in- sisted in Cleveland that if the city were going into busi- ness the business should pay for and support itself, with- out falling back on the taxpayers to make up its deficits. It will be observed that between the two propositions is the difference between socialism and business. The Cleveland campaign was expository of the whole issue, and every voter was furnished with the straight busi- ness argument, which developed the principle involved. At the last election the State of New York voted on a proposition to bond the State for $101,000,000 to en- large the Erie canal, going into the pocket of every tax- payer for money to put into a business project of doubt- ful utility, since it is for the benefit of canal hoatmen during that season of the year when crops are but little moved. The canal is frozen and dormant during the winter months, but the debt is drawing interest every day. The situation is very different from that existing when the caral was built. No other means of transpor- tation existed then except by water, and on common highways. Now the vast majority of the commerce is carried by railways, at the cheapest rates in the world, and they are open in the winter season when the great crops of the West are going forward to market. The project was carried by the votes of Buffalo and New York City, and it is significant that the farmers of the State were against it, their vote being overridden by the cities. In San Francisco the people have twice rejected the proposition to build a street railway which only part of the people can use and pay for it out of the pockets of all the people, The Call insisted that the business in which the city proposed to engage should be eStablished and administered on the income derived from its users. The Examiner is now trying a physic of figures on the case. It finds that the gross income of the present Geary-street road is $170,000 per year, and that the net income is $20,000, or equal to interest on $570,000. This being so, is there the shadow of an excuse for taxing the whole city to acquire the property? "According to figures and admissions of the advocates of the scheme it can support itseif. The Call has tried to carry on the same campaign of education on the subject that was so successful when promoted by the Citizens’ Association of Cleveland. The same principle applies to every form of municipal trad- ing. Let each kind of business support itself. Oakland and San Francisco are greatly concerned in demanding that this principle be insisted upon. The citizens of both’ cities are going to have ample time to instruct them- selves for intelligent action. The recent decision of the Supreme Court upon the ownership and use of ground waters has put out of focus the proposition to imme- diately resort to the ground waters of Santa Clara County, for the owners of the vast orchards of that county, dependent on those waters for irrigation, have taken steps to prevent the destruction of their property by diversion of the water on which it depends to make a pofable supply for cities that have other sources upon which to draw. The people will have abundant opportunity to ex- amine the enthusiastic or prejudiced statements of theorists, and when they conclude to seek a public sup- ply they will take good care that its permanence and sufficiency shall make it so valuable that it can pay the cost of its acquisition and administration without bur- dening the general fund and depriving them of revenue needed for the proper purposes of government. Events in the East, hotwithstanding the New York canal matter, indicate that in respect to municipal social- ism deliberate examination is turning the tide away irom that policy, and that hereafter if cities go into business it will be by exactly the same methods that are followed by private individoals. An Indiana physician submitted himself the other day to the knives. of his surgeon friends, and although the operation, according to the custom in such affairs, was eminently successful, the patient died upon the table. An examination revealed the fact that the dead doctor had a pair of forceps in his abdomen, the result of an opera- tion, almost as successful, which happened two years ago. If there is anything in professional fraternity this should teach us that physicians do not make these mis- takes maliciously. as supposed. COLOMBIA SELLS OUT. VENTS are moving rapidly to a conclusion of the Panama affair which will assure the permanence of the new republic and the speedy construction of the canal. When part of the territory of a mation by force separates and achieves independence it is not bound to pay any part of the existing debt of the original state. But Colombia owes a foreign debt, said to amount to $10,000,000. Recognizing not the law of the case, but its equity, President Roosevelt advises that Panama bear one-third of this obligation, and pay it by turning over to Colombia one-third of the $10,000,000 we will pay for the canal right of way. This satisfies the foreign bondholders of Colombia, and the indications are that Marroquin and Reyes are willing to sell out for that sum. As a matter of caution, gained in everybody’s experience with Latin:American countries, it is adyisable that President Roosevelt ar- range for the payment of this money directly to the for- cign bondholders, for when the cash goes to Bogota it is doubtful if it ‘will ever be appiied to redemption of the bonds. The United States, by this action, sustains its good credit abroad for fair dealing and also brings the canal nearer to accomplishment. The Democratic Senators have held a caucus and voted to control the votes of all the Senators of that party by caucus action. Expe- rienced members like Cockrell objected to this, and the power of the caucus was limited by requiring that a two- thirds vote shall be required to bind individual sqn;iou As Bacon and Clay of Georgia have already declared their intention to support the Panama -t , and Cock- rell is believed to intend the same, it is ably kn that more than one-third of the Democratic Sena {22k oope o Bogota. will vote for the treaty, so that the caucus can offer no impediment to its ratification. The Democrats have three over one-third of the mem- bership of the Senate, and voting solidly could defeat the treaty. But with the Senators from Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, one from North Carolina and one from Missouri voting for it, their own caucus is under control and the treaty will win. This is as it should be. The issue is not partisan, and the Demo- cratic Senators who support the treaty are doing the best thing for their country, and incidentally for their party. There are no signs of Republican defection at all, and when the canal is completed men of all parties can feel an honest pride in the action of their representatives to secure it. When the United States Senate investigation into the character of General Wood, personal, public and private, is concluded the general will be able to say with the rest of us. when he foots his totals of liabilities and as- scts in reputation and strikés a balance, that if he has any reputation left surely he didn’t win the bauble at the cannon’s mouth. THE WOODWARD LAW. HE Harbor Commission, as we predicted, is doing T its full duty in enforcing the Woodward law, to se- cure free market privileges in this city to the pro- ducers and consumers. The law is very exact and specific in its requirements, and under it the commission has now canceled the permits of nine of the largest wholesale commission firms dealing in country produce. These firms have taken the next step left open to them by beginning judicial proceedings which will test the constitutionality of the law. This is very desirable. If the law stand the judicial test, but seem to fail in accom- plishing its whole object when tested in practice, it may be amended in the line of its' purpose until its effective- ness is secured. It is a long time since The Call began an agitation for such a law, but the necessity for it has appeared to exist every moment until now. There has appeared to be all the time an influence intruded between producer and consumer inimical to the interests of both. It was easier to arouse the feeling of the consumers than of the producers, for they are city residents, in closer touch | and easier to combine in a common purpose. But the lack of contact and organization on the part of the pro- ducers made them more needful of legal defense of their interests, and this has been furnished by the law, which will now go to judicial judgment. The producers of the State need to be waked up and | infused with the spirit of self-help in this matter. Widely scattered, they have no common means of com- munication by which they may compare experience and devise means to help themselves. It is believed that the State Board of Trade presents such a common medium of exchange of opinions. But when it sought to equip itself with facts that would expose the extent of abuse of the producers in the home market and in the East it discovered a disinclination to furnish information, and its labors in obtaining it are greatly increased thereby. Perhaps when the producers find that the Woodward law is sustained the certainty that their rights may be protected will remove their reticence and timid- ity, and facts may be furnished which will put their in- terests beyond the power of any one to harm. A German military officer now on trial has been ac- cused of a thousand specifications of cruelty toward his subardinates. To one who thus is guilty of crime in wholesale it seems a travesty of justice to be permitted to escape on retail punishment. The authorities should make of him a modern, not a mythical, Tantalus, and torment him by an unending prospect of punishment never fulfilled. OUR CHRISTMAS SUPPLEMENT. HRISTMAS is the holiday which demands the ‘ best of everything—the sunniest of skies, the lightest of hearts, the acme of good cheer. The Call feels that it is able to do its part in the festivities by carrying into the homes of its readers the length and breadth of the coast the best of modern newspaper art. It is therefore as a Christmas greeting that The Call will present on Sunday next a holiday supplement of unusual attractiveness. Artistic excellence will be a notable feature of the number. The red and green of the holly is thrown into striking prominence in the colored plates which adorn the covers of the thirty-two pages of holi- day cheer. Two full page photographs, emblematical of the season, and a striking front-page drawing are all re- produced in a manner as perfect as the engraver's art can make it. The reading matter is made of more than usual in- terest by Christmas sketches from the pens of promi- nent local divines. Father Sebastian of the Greek or- thodox church has contributed “The Madonna of Alaska,” and Rev. Ernest Waltz writes of “Sunshine in the Moonshine Country.” “A Circuit Rider's Christ mas” is irom the pen of Rev. George W. White. “The Boy Immanuel” is the work of Rev. L. J. Sawyer. Other stories full of the spirit of the season there are by Josephine Dodge Daskam, Madge Morris and thh-! eryn Jarboe. A page is devoted to the discussion of that delectable subject, the Christmas dinner, and timely hints are given upon the giving of gifts. : Errors in court procedure may yet unlock the peni- tentiary doors which after extreme difficulty and only the most persistent endeavor have been closed upon the officials that have dishonored the civic history of St. Louis. The prosecutors should have courage. So widely spread is the intelligence of the American people that even by accident some of it of necessity must find | residence in our courts. A second trial might result in an accident of justice. ———— Recent dispatches hold forth a suggestion at least of hope to the English antagonists of the Mad Mullah, who, it is said, has now resorted to the indulgence of a de- praved taste and eats his foes killed in battle or other- wise. This spectacular warrior will probably not muti- late his victims so horribly as has been his custom for the sake of the integrity of his feasts. ' General Reyes, the ¢ ly elected President of the United States of Col who is now in Washington, says that he will stay with us a short time longer, al- though he feels that his mission has been a failure. If events develop no change of tendency General Reyes ot have long to wait to have an escort of Ameri- In the Shadoz. They did not know—that poor old couple—that at the Almshouse there are separate wards for the women and the rhen. Brick, the driver of the ambulance, {drew up at the door and lifted the shriveled old lady to the ground. Pa- tiently she waited until her husband steps of the conveyance. Then hand in hand they stoed there before the door of the poorhouse, waiting to be taken in. up and started to lead the beldame away; the palsied husband attempted to follow after, when an attendant stayed him by the arm. Then they told them. 5 The piping cry that startled the shadows lurking there in that fore- boding place had helirt agony in it The bent old man hebbled a few steps toward his helpmate with his shaking hands outstretched, but she had brok- en from the grasp of the matron and was now in his arms with her white head pressed against his shrunken cheek. One trembling hand reached up and patted his snowy pate with frenzied, yearning strokes. Broken whispers, choked with sobs, came halting from her throat. He could do nothing but strain that frail little figure to him. Fifty-six years—fifty-six long years of comradeship. Those days long ago when the children, now but misty re- membrances, had been there about that fireside. Those days of sickness, common suffering. Those days of free and spirits light. Fifty-six years, long years, together. Now these ghostly shadows of the poorhouse—a other. Sorrows of Clarence. Clarence was thrown out into the wet because he had no money to pay | for his ride on the street car. He land- {ed in the slippery mud on the Hyde street hill and did not hurt himself imuch; Clarence was used to being }thrown out of empty box cars on rail- | road trains and that was much worse. at 10 o'clock has none of the earmarks | for a warm bed. Now that wooden leg which had brought him in many a good nickel from the charitably inclined came to the help of Clarence in his cmergency. He sat there by the car track and un- fastened the joint of the leg from its socket upon his knee, allowing it just enough swing so that it would pro- trude against his pants leg in a start- | ling fashion. Then Clarence set up a wail which was calculated t> reach to high heaven. .The cop who came up to the scene with a single foot stride took in the sit- { uation immediately; nothing less than a compound fracture of botn bones of the leg. -So the “hurry up” wagon was rung up from the Central Emergency {and Clarence was | hike to the opersting table. There the plot thickened. Clarence was taken to the Central police station by those cruel doctors and “vagged,” but a cell was better than the side of Hyde street hill in the rain that dripped-dripped. Jordan Joshed. Clerk of the Supreme Court Frank Jordan joshes. Once, though, he didn’'t. But through. native timidity he has never made the story public. Jordan went to the old Chutes with | Ea Stover, ex-president of the | Press Club, accompanied by two la- | dies. Upon leaving Frank whispered ! to his friend to pay the car fare, as | his money happened to be exhausted. Stover saw the long looked for chance and whispered to the ladies to watch the fun. When they boarded the car, which was crowded, he quietly point- ed Jordan out to the eonductor as a | stranger who had been annoying his party and said he did not wish fur- ! ther molestation. When fares were | asked for Stover said “Three.” The conductor turned to Jordan and said, “Fare, please.”” Frank blushed and motioned to his perfidious friend. The | car man only said again, but louder: i “Fare, please.” Then Jordan an- swered: “That gentleman pays for me.” “Excuse me,” spoke up Stover, “I don’t know you! following these You have been ladies and me all { evening. I don’t know you Jordan stammered, “Why, FEd, I—" “Den't ‘Ed’ me, sir!” replied Stover, “I | never met you before.” In the midst ! of his desperation and the repeated ' demands for fare Jordan finally cried out: “Is there a Mason in this car?” | There was a pause; then an old gen- | tleman stepped over and handed a nickel to the’ conductor. The “com- | paniow piece” to the story is yet to be told, but Jordan says there’ll be one. Wilds of Ecuador. W. H. Staver, a mining man, with | interests in Central Ecuador, who is now in New York, speaks interestingly j of the wilds of that wild country. He says: < “I left the mines on November 13, and, though they are only fifty miles in the interior, I was two days mak- ing my way to Guayaquil. , I covered fully 200 miles by trail and water, two stages on muleback and three trips.by boat to get to the start- | ing point for the vessel to Panama. In February I togk a trip on muleback 'from the southern part of Ecuddor to : Quito, in the north, a distance of 300 miles, and was in the saddle twenty- seven days going and coming. About a day's journey south of Quito, and only half a degree from the equator, I was in sight of the snow-capped peaks ot Chimborazo on my left and Coto- ‘paxi on the right, and two degrees south of the equator I was in a snow in thela of Guayaquil are of about equal from 6 to 6—and there is no twilight—the sun rises in fifteen minutes and the change from dark- mess to daylight is as complete as it is in this latitude from 4 o’clock 4 in the morning. Three days’ jour- TALK- OF THE could clamber tremblingly down the | A kind faced matron came when their hearts had been welded by | golden’ happiness, when the air was| door for the one, another door for the | But Hyde street hill on a rainy ni!hl‘ of hospitality about it. Clarence longed given ‘a breakneck | It is dif- | ficult country in which to travel, and | TOWN | | -+ | ney back in the interior from our mines, in what is calied the Oriente, |on the disputed boundary between Peru and Ecuador, is the most sav- |age and unconquerable band of In- | dians in existence. They are known as | the Jivaro, and were the only natives | that Pizarro and the Incas never sub- | dued. They have no tribal relations, | nor family relations, and no religion, and through their savagery are exter- | minating themselves. They once num- bered hundreds of thousands, and are | now said to be reduced to from 8000 | to 10,000. The white man who comes | within their domain is not only mur- | @ered and beheaded, but his body is subjected to the most horrible mutila- tion as a warning to others against the unwisdom of trespassing.” Iilinois Distinction. | Ilinois can at least claim one dis- tinction. It holds the proud position of contributing each year toward the 1mtnl of the internal revenue receipts |a far larger amount than any other | State in the Union. Last year the fig- |ures for that great commonwealth | amounted to $50,562,455. Indiana was | second with $28,123.610. New York fol- |lowed with $26,749,648, while Kentucky | was fourth with $21,115,626. The pay- ments of taxes on spirits, tobacco and | beer make up the biggest proportion of | these impressive figures. How to Study. Dr. Edward Everett Hale of Boston recently delivered a lecture to young people on how to study. He said the | nine hours of study necessary in some schools was too much. Too much time, | he believed, was given to languages, es- | pecially to Latin. “I want to tell you how to use books,” said Dr. Hale. “Se- | lect a book on each side of any great | controversial question, especially in | history. You will see the whole a great | deal better by seeing both sides. Get back to original authorities. They are 80 accessible now that it is easy. Work | on one subject at a tihe and not on {a dozen. Don't be a siave to books. but have more than one on each topic. | Trust your memory, and memiory will | trust you. When studying don’t study books alone. Agassiz’s teaching was not so valuable because of the facts he taught as what he told teachers about the way to learn for themselves. Before all and above all, study nature. | Failure in Liberia. | A negro colony sent out to Liberia | frem Georgia last January has failed | and the members have returned to this | country. A number of Georgia plant- | ers capitalized the scheme, thinking | that a favorable soil for the growing iu( cotton and corn had been found in { the African state. They furnished the | colonists with provisions, farming tools, seeds and cther equipments, but the experiment could not be conducted to success, being one in 2 long line of such almost it not quite invariably winding up calamitously. There seems nothing for the Southern black man to do ex- cept to stay at home and work out his salvation as best he can, accepting his difficulties as part of the common bur- den, and not to be avoided by chang- ing his base and going off to another country.—New York Tribune. Scholarly Peddler. Manchester has just lost by death, says the Westminster Gagzette, its most remarkable match seller, a scholarly Armenian, who spent his days in translating and study at the Public Reference Library and his evenings in selling wax matches in the streets. His richest possession was Williams' Sanskrit Dictionary, which | he had purchased out of his earnings as a match seller, and he knew also ancient and modern Greek, Russian, Latin, Italian and German. The lit- erary match seller was known only as John Light, and why he came to Man- chester nobody ever could find out. He was a devoted Tolstoyan, reading and comparing the master’s works in Russian, French and English, and he knew much on the subject of com- parative religions. The literary fa- cilities which he found in Manchester aid much apparently to sweeten his exile. 4 Race Swicide. France had almost 26,000 more deaths than births last year, a record variously interpreted by her publi- cists and statisticians, but looking to outsiders much as if the nation was in need of an able corps of lecturers on race. suicide to stump the couniry from the Pyrenees to the British Channel, the Government backing them up by offering premiums for large families and decorations for larger ones, with public honors for those who play the limit, as it were. and surfound themselves with a dozen or so of offspring in the cop{o;.u man- ner of Germany. where nothing in particufar is thought of it. —_———————— Townsend's California glace fruits and candies. .pound.. in artistic fire- etched boses, A mice present for Eastern friends. Market st., above Call « 5 Special information supplied daily business houses and public men by the '8). 280 Cali- Bureau »lfl ) Pocketbooks. .wrist bags. letter and card cases. billbooks, cigar cases and