The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, December 8, 1903, Page 7

TUESDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1903 . " & h \ ‘ RIGHT TO BEGIN THE WATERWAY UNDERTAKING AUVAILABLE. | E VERY effort has been made by the Government of the United States to per- immediately offered to negotiate a treaty with us. This treaty I herewith submit. | suade Colombia to follow a course which was essentially not only to our By it our interests are better safeguarded than in the treaty with Colombia which tinterests and to the interests of the world, but to the interests of Colombia was ratified by the Senate at its last session. It is belter in its terms than the | itself. These efforts have failed, and Colombia, by her persistence in repulsing the treaties offered to wus by the republics of Nicaragua and Costa Rica. At last the i advances that have been made, has forced us, for the sake of our own honor, and | right to begin this great undertaking is made available. Panama has done her { of the interest and “well-being, mot merely of our own people, but of the | part. All that remains is for the American Congress to do its part and forthwith A people of the isthmus of Panama and the people of the cidilized ~ coun- this republic will enter upon the execution of a project colossal in its size and of tries of the world, to take decisive steps to bring to an end a condi- well-nigh incalculable possibilitics for the good of this country and the nations of tion of affairs which had become intolerable. The new republic of Panama mankind.—Excerpt from President Roosevelt's Message to Congress. B -+ - | experienced 4 efficient men. Surveys and | s wer inted th h itiv v dol 11 their part b: { the stipulati L 1t the isth- tant sty ¢ flux. o Praise of TDork| S mere aim e | S g, S, cmti | cus.ot e ei7 s, Solte, wol Sof P17 | o, 00, S, 248, 0 0"l oion | SR e e Tt 0 o | arid States and Territories, plans for reclaim- | This was 12, more than during the preced-'llcl.s akin to those of actual warfare. Our of- | power only."” Panama during the perigd in question as re- "-nl' works being prepared a passed upon by | ing year. and 40 per cent of those whe passed | ficers and enlisted mecn are learning to handle Attorney General Speed, under date of No- | ported to us by our Comsuls. It is not poesible bo engineers before approval by the | the examinations. This abnormal growth was | tiie battleships, cruisers and torpedo boats with | vember 7, 1865, advieed Secretary Seward ae | 1o give a complete list, and some of the reports Done at 1 he | of the Interior. In Arizona and largely occasioned by the extension of classifi- | high efficiency in fleet and squadron forma- | follows: that speak of “revolutions’ must mean unsuc- \ ities where such work is pre-em- | cation the rural free delivery scrvice and | tions, and the standard of marksmanship is be- “Fiom this treaty it cannot be supposed | cessful revolutions: | construction has already been | the appointment Jast year of over 9000 rural | Ing steadily raised. The best work ashore iS | that New Granada invited the United States May 22 1550—Outbreak: two Americ ' In other parts of the arid West vi- | carriers. A revision of the civil service rules | Indispensable, but the highest duty of a naval | to become a party to the intestine troubles of | killed. War vessel demanded to queil outbreax. | Hague.- Chinese Treaty Important to Trade. Arid Lands Show Beriefits of Ir- rigation. Progress Is Rapid f in the Philippines | | ive Urges Con- | See to It That the | rtisan politics dition of the felan er than ever t ntellectual and with their mat No one people ever benefited an. more than we have benefited the | ¥ taking possession of the islands. | The cash receipts of the General Land Office r the last fiscal vear were $11,024.743 65, an 516 47 over the preceding nis sum_ approximately, $8.461.393 credti of the fund for the reck ¢ jand, making the tota! of th d. g e 30th of June, 1903, approximate- $16.181.636 | ng disposition has been evinced by niawtul inclosures of public land tences. Nearly two million inciosed have been thrown open on de- in but comparatively few has it been Decessary to g0 into court to accomplieh | work will be vigorously uniawful incioeures have n re: ] Experience has shown that in the Western themseives, as well as in the rest of the there is widespread conviction that | 5 of the public land laws and the result- 22 administrative practice no longer meet the present needs. The character and uses of the maining public lands differ widely from those of the public s which Congress had espe- | y in_view when these laws were passec. The rapidly increasing rate of disposal of the public lands is not followed by & corresponding nerease in home building. There is a tendency to mase in large holdings public lands, espe- | timber and grazing lande, and thereby to I renew and emphasize my of last year that so far sble for agricuiture in its broad- o tever extent they may he eciaimed under the naticnal irrigation law, the | maining pubilc jands should be held rigidly | r the home bullder. The attention of the «gress is especially directed to the timber and ctone law, the desert land Jaw, and the com- mutation clause of the homestead law. which n their operation have in many respects con- ficted wise public land_policy The discussions in the Congress and else- have made it evident that there is a | rience of opinions between those hoid- | osite views on these subjects: and that | ing sides have streng and convinced smertatives of weight both within and with- | « Congress: the difierences being not only ers of opinion. but as to matters of in order that definite information may be ailable for the Gse of the Congress. 1 have rrointed @ commission composed of W. A. R chards. Commissioner of the Genmeral Land | \ffice. Gifford Pinchot, Chief of the Bureau of | Forestry of the Department of Agriculture, and | ¥ H. Newell, Chief Hydrographer of the Gec- | sical Survey, 1o report at the earliest prac- ‘able moment upon the condition. operation A eftect of “he present land laws and on the condition. disposs] and settlement of the ic sands. The commission will report espe- | y what changes in organization, Jaws, reg- nd practice affecting the pubiic lands | the largest practical dfspo- | e public lands to actual settiers who | 1 perwenent homes vpon them. and to ecurc in permanence the fullest and most of- foctive use of the resources of the public lands: it will make such other meports and recom- as its study of these questions may The ommision is to report immedi- v upcn those polnts concerning which rroceeds from the digposal of public e corpe of known as the whlen ie on_service, the surveys and exgminations. in:- crzaniz-d, especial pains heing to secure under the civil service rules a body of sidilled, | m { serves | ests | ervation as advanced toward the these being delayed ng agreements jects are we! r ast tracts of vacan of course, the homes, adding e wealth and stability of the + and South not ideal, appears a . egisiation is not rec- necessities of change are mme e appa e Reclamation Work Shows Good Result ward Forts Being Made T Rendering the Great Arid Tracts Suitable for Self- Supporting Communities he opportunities of reclamation the vast extent of arid land shows that er this reclamation is done by individ- porations or the State, the sources of water supply must be effectively protected and the reservoirs guarded byythe preservation of the forests st the headwaters of the streams, The engineers making the preliminary exami- emphasize this need and e remaining public lands at the s of the important streams of the st be reserved to insure permanency of Wa- ter supply for irrigation. Much progress in foresiry has been made during the past year. The necessity for perpetuating our forest re- sources, whether in public or private hands, is zed v As neve before. The demand £ has become insistent in the w because the West must use the water, wood and summer range which only such re- can supply. Progressive lumbermen are triving, through forestry, to give their busi- ness permanence. Other great business inter- awakening to the need of forest pres- a business matter. The Govern- ment’'s forest work should receive from the Congress hearty support, and especially sup- port adeguate for the protection of the forest reserves against fire. The forest-reserve policy of the Government has passed beyond the ex- perimental stage and has reached a condition where sclentific methods are essential to fits successful prosecution. The sdministrative features of forest reserves are at ppésent un- satisfactory, being divided between 'three bu- reaus of two departments. It is therefore rec- ommended that all matters pertaining to for- est reserves, except those involving or pertain- ing to land titles, be consolidated in the Bu- reau try of the Department of Agri- of Forest | culture. e cotton-growing States have invaded by a weevil that has done much damage and threatens the entire cotton indus- ry. 1 suggest to the Congress the prompt en- actment of such remedial legislation as its judgment may avorove. In granting patents to forsigners the proper urse for this country to follow is to give the advantages to foreigners here that the ntries in which these foreigners dwell ex- d In return to cur citizens; that is, to ex- tend the benefits of our patent laws on inven- Bt tions and the llke where in return the articles | would be patentable in the forelgn countries concerned—where an American would get a corresponding patent in such countries. The Indian agents should not be dependen: for their appointment or tenure of office upon considerations of partisan politics: the practice of appointing, when possible. ex-army officers or bonded superintendents to the vacancies that occur is working well. Attention is in- vited to the widespread illiteracy due to lack of public schools in the Indian Territory. Prompt heed should be pald to the need of education for the children in this Territory. — 7. | Lives of Toilers | Need Safeguards Attention Is Called to Urg- ency for Renewed Effort to Prevent Loss of Life and Limb_on Railroads — In my last annual message the attention of the Congress was called to the necessity of enlarging the safety-appliance iaw, and it is gratiiying to note that this law wis amended in important respects. With the increasing rallway mileage of the country, the greater number of men emploved and the use of larger and_heavier equipment the urgency for renewed effort to prevent the losg of life and itmb upon the railroads of the country, par- ticularly to employes, is apparent. For the inspection of water craft and the life-savine | | B annuslly spending iarge sums of money. is encouraging to observe that the C is alive to the interests of those who are merce—the raflroads—who. so safely transport miilions of passengers and billlons of lq: of ety appliances, for which the i1s Dow making appropriations, is a service geperations in regard to vessels, and it is be- both to rallroad employes ana the traveling employed upon ocur wonderful arteries of com- freight. The Federal inspection of Conzress to that whieh the Government has upheld for public. As the greater part of commerce is | interstate and exclusively under the control of hing a home market for the | The reclama- | larger needs for which | recently | took effect on Apri mproved their operation. The comoletion of the reform of the clvil service is recoznized good citizens everywhere as a matter of e highest public fmmx the effectiveness of the 'ruies and the K,ma- hinery provided for their enforcement. A ery gratifying spirit of friendly co-operation exists in all the devartments of the Govern- ent in the enforcement and uniform observ- e of both the letter and spirit of the service act ¢ July 3, 1 March 1903, require th: ppoin ified labcrers, both n the departments at Washington and in field = shajl be made with the assi States Civil Service Commission, stem of registration to ftest the fitness of applicants for appointment r employment. Th is _comoetitiv ‘nited Stat ct to age, al ability, moral character, industry and adaptabiiity for manuai labor: except that in case of vetsrans of the Civil War the element of age is omitted. This system of appointment is distinct from the fled service and does not classify positiol of ymere laborer under the civil service act and rules. Regulations in aid thereof have been put in operation in several ¢ the departments and are being sradually extended in other parts of the vice. The sults have been very satistactory, as ex- agance has been checked by decreasing number of unnecessary positions and by increasing the efficiency of the empioyes re- maining. The Congress, as the result of a thorough qualifie | investigation of the charities and reformatory inst Joint in the District of Columbia, by. select committee of the two hor which made its report in March. 1508, created in the act approved June 6, 1900, a board of charities for the District of Columbia, to con- sist of five residents of the district. appointed by the President of the United States, by acd with the advice and consent of the Senate, each for a term of three years, to serve without compensation. President McKinley appointed five men‘who had been active and prominent in the public charitles of Washington, ail of whom upon taking office July 1, 1900, resigned from the different charities with which -they had been connected. The members of the board have been reappointed In successive years. The board serves under the Commissioners of the District of Columbia. The board gave its first ar to & careful and Impartial dy of the =pecial problems before it, and has continued that study every year In the light of the best practice In pubjic charities _elsewhere. Its recommendationé in its annval reports to the Congress through the Commisioners of the District of Columbia ‘‘for the economical and efficient administration of the charities and re- formatories of the District of Columbia,™ as red by the act creating it, have been upon the principles commended by the joint select committee of the Congress in its report of March, 1808, and approved by the best sdministrators of public ~charities. and make for the desired systematization and im- provement of the affairs under its supervision. They are worthy of favorable consideration by the Congress. = e <+ Improvement Noted in Army and Navy Add Greatly to the Expe- rience and Skill of the Defenders ‘of the Nation — 3 The effect of the laws providing a general staff for the army and for the more effective use of the National Guard has been excellent. Great improvement has been made in the effi- ciency of our army in recenc- years. Such schools as those erected at Fort Leavenworth and Fort Riley and the institution of fall m neuver work accomplish satisfactory result The zood eftect of these maneuvers upon the Natioaal Guard is marked, and ample appro- priation should be made to enable the guards- men of the several States to share in the benefit. The Goveranwent should as soon as possible sccure suitable permanent camo sites for military maneuvers in ths varlous sertions of the country. The servize taereby rend-red not only to the regular army, but to the Na- tional Guard of the several States, will be £0 great as to repay many times over the rela- tively small expense. We should not rest sat- isfied with what has been done, however. The only people who are coutented with a system of promotion by mers seniority are those who are contented with the triumph of medioerity over excellence. On the other hand, a system Which enccuraged the exercise of soclal or po- litical favoritism in promotions would be even worse. But it would surely be easy to devise a method of promotion from grade to grade in which the opinion of the higher officers of the service upon the candidates should be decisive upon the standing and promotion of the latter. Just such a system now obtains at West Point. The quality of each year's work determines the standing of that year's class, the man being dropped or graduated into the next class in the relative pesition which his military superiors decide to be warranted by his merit. In ‘other words, ability, energy, fidelity and all other similar qualities determine the rank | [ Mancuvers on Land and Sea + from West Point: effort to find which man is best or worst, and Teward or punish him accordingly, is aban- doned: no brilllancy, no smount of hard work, no eagerness in the performance of duty, can advance him, and no slackness or indifference that falls short of a court-martial offense can retard him. Until this system is changed cannot hope that our officers will be of as high grade as we have a right to expect, considering the material upon which we draw. . 3 when a man renders such service as Captain Pershing rendered last spring in the Moro campaign it ought to be possible to reward him without at once jumping him to the grade of brigadier general, Shortly after the enunciation of that famous principle of American forelgn now known 2s the “Monroe Doctrine,” ‘Monroe, message 15 last, which hLas greatly | Officer is to exercise command at sea. ance. and the suc- | Ume of war it would be ess of the merit system largely depends upon |lack would be ruinous | pose. | tion the war college, the office | | | ! {® i Fhal The establishment of a naval base in the Philippines cught not to be longer postponed. Such a base is desirable in time of peace: in Without it our fleat would be helpless. Our naval experts are agreed that Subig Bay is the proper place for the pur- The national interests require that the work of fortification and development of & na- val statlon at Sublg Bay be begun at an early “Cieil | date: for under the best conditions it Is a work me much time, It le emines v desirable, however, that there should be provided a naval general ff on iines similar to those of the general staff lately created for the army. Within the Navy Depart- ment itself the needs of the brought about a system under which the duties of a general staff are partially performed; for the bureau of navigation has under its direc- naval intelli- genfe and the board of inspetion, and has been in close touch with the general board of the navy. But though under the excellent of- ficers at their head, these boards and bureaus do good work, they have not the authority of a goneral staff, and have not sufficient scope to insure a proper readiness for emergencies. We need tne establishment law of a body of trained officers, who shall exercise a systematic control of the military affairs of the navy and rv‘ cuthorized advisers of theWeeretary concern- ng it — Review of Efforts for Isthmian Canal History of the Negotiations for the Great Waterway Which Culminated in Cre- ation of a New Republic which wiil con: By the act of June 28, 1602, the Con au- thorized the President to enter into (reaty with Colembia for the building of the canal across the Isthmus of Panama; it being provided that in the event of fallure to secure such treaty after the lapse of a reasonable time, recourse should be had to building a canal through Nica- ragua. It has not been necessary to consider this alternative, as I am enabled to lay before the Senate a treaty providing for the building of the canal across the Isthmus of Panama. This was the route which commended itself to the deliberate judgment of the Congress, and we can now acquire by treaty the right to con- struct the canal over this route. The question now, therefore, is not by which route the isth- mian canal shall be built, for that question has :‘a:::“defl‘rytily jand, Irrevocably decided. The on 1s shaply whether or not we an isthmian canal. oy en the Congress directed that we sh take the Panama route under treaty 'llhng:g lombia the esscnce of the condition, of course, referred not to the Government which eon- trolled that route, but to the route jtself: to the territory across which the route lay, not to the name which for the moment the territory bore on the map. The purpose of the law was to authorize the President to make a treaty with the power in actual control of the Isthmus of Papama. This purpose has been fulfilled. In the vyear 1846 this Government entered into a treaty with New Granada, the pre- decessor upon the isthmus of the reoublic of Colombia and of the present republic of Pan- ama, by which treaty it was provided that the Government and citizens of the United States should always have free and open right of way or transit across the isthmus of'Pan- ama by any modes of communication that might be constructed, while in return our Government guaranteed the perfect neutrality of the above mentioned isthmus with the view that the free transit from the cne to the other sea might mot be interruvted or em. barrassed. The treaty vested In the Uni States a substantial property right carved out of the rights of savereignty and property which New Granada then had and possessed over the said territory. The name of New Granada has passed away and its territory has been divided. Its successor, the Govsranment of Colombia, bas ceased to own any properts in the isthmus. A new republic, that of Panama, which was at one time a severelen statr, and at another time a mere department of the successive con- federations known as New Granada and Co- lombla, has now succeeded to the rights which first one and then the other formerly exer- cised over the isthmus. But as long as the isthmus endures the mere geographi-al fact of its existence and the pecullar interest therein which is required by our position nerpetuate the solemn contract which binds the holders of the territory to respect our right to free- dom of transit across It, and binds us In re- turn to safeguard for the isthmus and the world the exerctse of that inestimable privilege. The true interpretation of the obligaticns upon which the United States entered in this treaty of 1846 has been given repeatedly in the ut- terances of Presidents and Secretaries of State. Secretary Cass in 1808 officiatiy stated the position of this Government as follows: “The progress of events has rendered the interoceanic route across the narrow portion of Central Amerfca vastly important to commercial world and especially to the United States, whose possessions extend along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, and demand the speediest and easlest modes of communication. ‘While the rights of sovereignty of the states occupying this region should aiways be spected we shall expect that these rights be exerclaed in a splrit befitting the § 3 Hidl 2 g : ! g8t i i 4 H ! i i 28 o 258 indispensable, and its | that Government. nor did the United States become bound to take sides in the domestic ! brofls of New Granada. The United States idid guarantee New Granada in the sover- eignty and property over the territory. This | was "as against other and foreign govern- ments. - Negotiations Bear Stamp of Honesty Good Faith of ‘the United States Displayed in All Its Relations Concerning the Isthmian Canal Territory - ? l | | 3 For 400 years, ever since shortly after the | discovery of this hemisphere, the canal across | the isthmus has been planned, For two score years it has been worked at. When de It is to last for the ages. It is to alter the geography of a continent and the trade routes of the world, We have shown by every tregty we have negotiated or attempted to negotiate with the peoples in contrgl of the isthyus and with foreign nations in reference thereto our consistent good faith In observing our obliga- tions; on the one hand to the peoples of the isthmus_ and on the other hand to the civilized world whose commercial rights we are safe- guarding and guaranteeing by our action. We have dome our duty to others in letter and in spirit, and we have shown the utmost forbear- ance in exacting our owp rights. Last spring, under the act above referred to, @ treaty concluded between the representa- tives of the republic of Colombi and of our Government was ratified by the Senate. This treaty was entered into at the urgent Solici- tatlon of the people of Colombia and after a body of experts appointed by our Government especially to go into the matfer of the routes across the Isthmus had promounced unani- mously in favor of the Panama route. In drawing up this treaty every concession was made to the people and to the Government of Colombia. We were more than just in deal- ing with them. Our generosity was such as to make It a serious question Whether We had not gona too far in their interest at the ex- pense of our own; for In our scrupulous de- sire to pay all possible heed, not merely to the real but even to the fancied rights of our weaker neighbor. who already owed so ‘much to our protection and forbearance, We yielded | in all possible ways to her desires in drawing | he treaty. | T evertheless, the Government of Colombia | not merely repudiated the treaty. but repu- | diated it in euch manner as to make it evi- | dent by the time the Colombian Congress ad- journed .that not the scantiest hope remained of ever getting a satisfactory treaty from them. The Government of Colombia made the treaty. and yet when the Colombian Congress was called to ratify it the vote against ratl- fication was unanimous. It does not appear that the Government made any real effort to secure ratification. / Immediately afier the adjournment of the | Congress a revolution broke out in Panama. The people of Panama had long been discon- tented with the republic of Colombia, and had been kept quiet only by the pros- | +* they usion of the treaty, which pect of the concl e was to them a matter of Vital concern. it became evident that the ireaty was hope- lessly lost, the people of Panama rose liter. ally as ome man. Not a shot was’fired by a | | single man on the isthmus in_the interest -of | the Colomblan Government. Not a lite was [ lost in' the accomplishment of the revolution. | | bian troops stationed on the isth- T o had Tonk been unpaid, made common | cause with the people of Panama. and with astonishing unanimity the new republic was started. The duty of the United States in the premises was clear. In strict accordance principles laid down by Secretaries tionary force. the arrival of which would mean chaos of the and destruction along the lin raflroad and of the proposed canal, interruption of transit as an inevitable con- sequence. The de facto Government of Pana- ma was recognized In the following telegram 1 d without substantial oppesition from I‘g:mo'-nn people, has been established in the State of Panama, you will enter into relations with 1t as the responsible it of the The Government of Colombia was notified of our action by the following telegram to Mr. Beaupre: g Colombia’s Record of War and Crime Grim List of Revolutions in the Disorderly History of the Governments of New Granada and ItsSuccessor I ] 2 & October, 1850—Revolutionary plot to bring about independence of the isthmus. 22, 1851—Revolution in four wumerni 14, Man-of-war requested for Chagres. June 27, 1553—Insurrection at Bogota, consequent disturbance on isthmus. mel demanded. May 2, 1854—Political vessel requested. June 28 1554—Attempted revolution. | Octoher 24, 1854—Independence of Isthmus | deman-ied by Provincial Legisiature. 1851 —Outbreak at Chagres. | and | War ves- | disturbances; war l April, 1856—Riot, and massacre of Ameri- | cans. | May 4, 1856—Riot. | ¥ 1856—Rlot. i 1856—Riot. October 2, 1856—Conflict between two native parties. United States forces landed. | December Panama. April. 18, 1858—Attempted secession of | 1859—Riots. i September, 1860—Outbreak | Octcber 4, iS60—Landing of United States forces in_consequence. | May 23, IS6l—Interventicn of the United States forces required by intendente. October 2, 1861—Insurrection and civil war. April 4, 1362—Measures 1o prevent rebels crossing lsthmus. | June 13. 1852—Mosquera's troops refused ad- mittance {o Panama. | March, 1865—Revolution, and United States troops landed. August, 1865—Riots; unsuccesstul attempt to invade Panama. March, 1866—Unsuceesstul revolution. April, 1367—Attempt to overthrow goverd- ment. August. 1S67—Attempt at revolution. July 3, 1868—Revolution; provisional govern- ment_inaugurated. August 20, 1968 —Revolution; provisional gov- ernment overthrown. April, 187Ti—Revolution; followgd apparently by counter revolution. | April, 1873—Revolution and civil war which | lasted to ctober, 1575, August. 1576—Civil war which lasted until | April, 18 July, 1878—Rebellion. December, 1878—Revolt. April, 1579—Revolution. June, 1879—Revolution. March, 1885—Riot. May, 1883—Riot. June, 15S4—Revolutionary attempt. December, 1584—Revolutionary attempt. January, 1850—Revolutionary disturbances. | March, 1885—Revolution. April, 1887 Disturbance on Panama Railroad. Novenber, 158i—4Disturbence an iipe of ca- nal. January, 1889—Riot. | January, 1506—Revolution which lasted ual! | 1 April. March, 1895—Incendiary attempt. October, 1598—Revolution. February, 1900, to July, 1900—Revolution. January. 1961—Revolution. July. 181 —Revolutionary disturbances. September, 1001—City of Colon taken by rebels. March, 1902—Revolutionary disturbances. | July, 1902—Revolution. i The above is only a partial list of the revo- lutions, rebeilions, insurrections, riots and ! other outbreaks that have occurred during the period in question; yet they number ffty-three for the firty-seven years. It will be noted | that one of them lasted for nearly three years before it was quelled; another for nmearly a year. In short, the experience of over hall a century bas shown Colombia to be utterly incapable of keeping order on the lsthmus. ' Only the active interference of the United States has enabled her to Dreserve so much as a semblance of sovereignty. Had it not been for the exercise by the United States of the police power in her interest, her connec- tion with the isthmus would have been sun- | dered long ago. In 1556, in 1860, 1573, in 1885, | in 1901, and again in 1902, sailors and ma- | rines from Unijed States war ships were forced | to land In order to patrol the isthmus, to pro- | tect Hfe and property, and to see that the tran- | sit across the isthmus was kept opea. In l&fl.l in 1862, in 1885, and in 1900, the _Colombtan | Government asked that the United States Gov- | ernment would land troops: to -protect its in- terests and maintain order on the isthmus. | Perhaps the most extraordinary request is that | which has just been received and which runs as_follows: | “Knowing_that revolution has already com- menced in Panama [an eminent Colombian] says that if the Government of the United States will land troops to preserve Colombian | soverelgnty, the trapsit, If requested by Colombian d' Affaires, this nt | will_declare martial law: and, by virtue of | vested constitutional authority, when public or- der is disturbed, it the Government of the United States pre- fers, will call extra session of the Congress— with new and friendly members—next May has the perfect confidence of Vice President, he says, and if it became necessary will go to the isthmus or send representative there to The control, in the interest of the commerce and traffic of the whole civilized world, of the the neutrality of the isthmus In the case of ‘war between Peru and Colombia. 5 i 5 8 i i ] i i i ! | ! % :,1 £ i ] if i I 5 i 3 o ! ; ! ; ! | i il ; i H T 5’5 ; f § i i i i i i 1:3c thl fuet i i time it / ¥ | iast the right to bexin this great Uncle Sam First in Claim for Canal. |Record of Years of Effort for Treaty. Dalue to Nation of UDast En- terprise. +* anything in requital for the services thus re- peatedly rendsred to it for ffty-seven years by the United States, the Colombian Govern- ment peremptorily and offensively refused thu to do its part. n though to do so would have been to Jts advantage and immeasurably to the advaaade of the State of Panama. at that time under iis jurisdiction; third, that through- | out this perfod revolutions. riots and factional disturbances very kind have occurred cne the othor in almost uninterrupted suc- X ng for monthe and even for vears, while the central government was unable to put them down or to make peace with the rebels: fourth, that these disturbances instead of showing any sign of abating have tended to grow more numerous and more se- rious in the immediate past; fifth. that _the controi of Colombia over the Isthmus of Pan- ama could not be maimtmned without the rmed intervention and assistance of the nited States. In other words, the Govern- ment of Colombia, though wholly unable te maintain order on the isthmus, has neverthe- less declined to ratify a treaty the comiclusion of which opened the only chance to secufe its own stability and to guarantes permanent and the construction of .a.canal Uncle Sam Holds ' Right to a Canal Great Enterprise Cannot Be Thwarted by Gratification of Whims or Out of Re- spect Ewil . Peolitics —% Under such circumstances the Govermment of the United States would have been guilty of folly and weakness, amounting in their sum l | | ! to +* |10 a crime agafust the nation. had it acted otherwise than it did when the revolution of B e tine o8 bl e BAEoethmie great emterprise of building the c canal eanact be held up to gracify the whims, or out of respect to the governmental Impo- tence, or to the even more sinister and evil political pecuilarities, people who, though they dwell afar off, yet. agninst-the wish of the actual dwellers on the isthmus, assert an unreal supremacy over the territory. The pos- session of a territory (raught with séch pecu- liar capacities as the isthmus In question s~ ries with it obligations to mankind. Ins course of events has shown that this canal can- not be built by private enterprise, or by any other nation than our own: therefore It wmust be buflt by the United States. Every effort has beéen made by the Govera- ment of the United States fo persuade Colom= bia to follow & course which was essentlal nof only to our interests and to the interasts the world, but to the intsrests of Colomble self. These efforts have failed: and Colomuta, by her persistence fn repul that have bewn made, has sake of our own honor, and of the wall being, not merely of our own of the people of the Isthmus of the people of the clvilized count world, to take decisive steps to end a condition of affairs wafch intolerabie. _The mew republic of mediately offersd to negotiaie a This treaty I berewith submit. terests are better safeguarded treaty with Colombia which W the Senate at its last session. its terms than the treaties offered to blies of Nicaragua and Costa i i i sgiEL i o :;i;i grEd G i Pt 598 is made available. Panama has done hes part. All that remains is for the A : mericar ! to do its part and forthwith this republic wisl enter upon the execution of a in its size and of well-nigh nmfl'.u- sibilities for the good of this country and the nations of mankind. 3 By the provisions of the treaty the United States guarantees and will malntain the mle- pendence of the repubilc of Panama, There . granted to the United States In parpetulty use. cecupation and control of a wide and extending taree nantical the sea at either terminal. with all the canal and railways ars —.«-—m; ; atifon as well In the cities ~* Paremg st Cfl-'h!he‘.‘_-“w ol cles. Free immigration of the I ¢ pntie et SRS and cparat - canal are for the use of military ot fortifications he i