The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, August 20, 1903, Page 4

THE SAN FRANCI — I Great Britain Or- ders Warships to Salonica. | Italy Dispatches a. Squadron to Sicily. L that Daily | an fleet now off | g received urgent | some ves r lonica imme- The Italian Mediter- | »w off Cagliari, as been ordered to S e of the trouble announced to- in accord with ans situa- | s that Great Brit- ng in an antity of sh coaling and Malta, ember De derstands that tion improves send squad- the Turks at "nt announcement in N n says re of the Times, the British Em- b at Const ¥ has been in- structed warning against any misconcepti and he has notified the Porte tl Balfour’s language was of a purely pa: ry character, being de- signed for purpc ¢ debate. The Em- bassador said reat Britain was firmly reso yport the Austro- | Russian representations, even though a greater measure of ethi be assigned to the ini SULTAN BECOMES ALARMED. No Longer Regards Russia’s Action With Indifference. | CONSTANTINOPLE, Aug. 19.—The atti- | tude of indifference hitherto assumed by | the Turkish officials toward Russia’s ac- | tion is glving way to one of marked con- cern. The Porte fears that Russia con- templates making still more important de- mands than contained in the recent note of M. Zinovoff, the Russian Embassador, such as the appointment of a Christian Governor General of Macedonia. This jdea, however, does not find support in | diplomatic quarters, where the convic- tion prevails that Russia is working in full agreement with Austria. Turkey is expected to accept the Russian demands, with the possible exception of the ap- pointment of European officers to com- mand the gendarmerie. This is likely to arouse opposition and it is believed that Russian anticipation thereof led to the dispatch of the squadron, the presence of which was hardly required to enforce a fulfillment of the other terms. The Russlan demands on Turkey grow- ing out of the recent murder of the Rus- siap Consul at Monastir, M. Rostkovski, were formally presented at the Yidiz Palace to-day Notwithstanding the warnihg which ussia addressed to the Bulgarian Gov- , it 1s generally believed here that aval demonstration in Turk- 1 turpitude must irgents. Macedonians it is asserted, will in- terpret Russia’s action as being the first » toward intervention in their behalf. | e insubordination of the Turkish is regarded as being one of the | greatest dangers of the present Balkan crisis. The lack of discipline among the | soldiers is marked. It is found necessary | to humor them in order to prevent con»} flicts between the soldiers and their of- ficers. For instance, a regiment, while on the way from Uskub to Monastir, de- | manded that the train be stopped at Sa- | fonica for twelve hours instead of the | schedule half-hour, so that the soldiers | mwight amuse themselves in the town. After futile endeavors to prevail on the men to allow the train to proceed, the officers were obliged to grant their de- mand. The killing of Bulgarian workmen who were repairing the raliroad track near Uskub is another grave instance of the insubordination of the Turkish troops. Details of the affair show that a trainload of Turkish soldiers, soon after leaving the railroad station at Uskub, not only fired on and killed three Bulgarians who were st work on the road and left the bodies lying on the line, but some of the ) * ITALY'S MINISTER OF MARINE, ONE OF HER NAVAL HEROES AND AN ITALIAN SHIP OF WAR WHICH IS NOW THE WATERS OF THE SULTAN HOVERING NEAR S DOMAIN. J apan Shows Disposition td Profit by Russo-Turkish Entanglement. soldiers left the train and pursued other Bu arian workmen to a neighboring sta. tion, where the Turks murdered them all in cold blood. Consular reports received here from Monastir continue to emphasize the dan- ger of an outbreak of Mohammedan fa aticism there. The consular.reports ha asked for protection and again dispatching warships to Salonica is being discussed by the representatives f the powers Dispatches from Turkish sources say the insurgents have destroyed another vil- lage in Macedonia The Embassadors of the powers ha again drawn the earnest attention of the Porte to the fears of a massacre at Sa- lonica, and have demanded the adoption of immediate and effective measures for the protection of the foreign consulates and the subjects of the various powers. Letters received here from Uskub state that there is a great feeling of unrest and it is feared they may be attacked. The monastery of the Holy Virgin, near Kitcherc, has been burned by Albanians after a determined struggle between the defenders of the monastery and the in- surgents, during which both sides last heavily. Servian refugees are arriving at Uskub from Dibra, having fled from there.on ac- count of fear of a massacre. The Alba- nians in that district have burned a num- ber of Bulgarian villages. EIT i s JOINT ACTION BY POWERS. Germany Alone May Refuse to Par- ticipate in Movement. PARIS, Aug. 19.—It was learned In offi- cial quarters to-day that the action of Russia In ordering a naval squadron to Turkish waters may be speedily followed by an important joint naval action on the part of the powers. Communications are at present being exchanged between the powers relative to a joint naval dem- onstration before Salonica. The final de- termination will depend largely on Rus- sia, but if a joint demonstration shall be determined on the fieets of France and Austria will certainly co-operate and it is probable that the fleets of all the Eu- ropean powers having Turkish interests, except possibly Germany, which through- out has not favored taking energetic steps against Turkey, will take part in the dem- onstration. In the meantime tae Russian squadron will not proceed to Constantinople, as has | been reported, but will rendezvous at the #mall port of the vilayet of Adrianople, above the entrance of the Bosphoru: For the present this squadron has no o ders to assume an aggressive course. Its action will depend on Turkey’s fulfillment of the terms of Russia’s final demands in connection with the assassination of Consul Rostkovski. The punishment of a number of the persons implicated is not considered to be full compliance with the terms of the demands, which include an adequate indemnity. Besides the Rostkovski incident, the proposed joint naval action before Sa- lonica is due to the earnest representa- tions of the foreign Consuls at Salonica, who set forth that their lives are in dan- ger. The first representation on the sub- Ject reached the French authorities sev- eral weeks ago, and since then other Con- suls have made similar representations. The assassination of M. Rostkovski is giving such emphasis to the statements of the Consuls that consideration of a joint naval demonstration of sufficient strength to impress Turkey with the nec- essity for taking decisive action looking to the maintenance of order in Macedo- nia i now in progress. The exchange of communications has shown that Russia and Austria continue to co-operate fully in the action taken toward Turkey. JAPAN GROWS WARLIKE. Ready to Profit by Russia’s Difficulty With the Porte. LONDON, Aug. 19.—~The Italian Embas- the question of | % sador here to-day received a dispatch from Rome @nnouncing that an Italian squadron had been ordered to Macedonian water to “watch events.” No explanation was given of the reasons underlying the ders and the embassy officials were un- able to sav whether it was a result of sending a- squadron to Turkish It was regarded as probable that the Foreign Office had received advices showing that Italian interests, which are fmportant at Salonica and -in its neigh- borhood, are menaced and that it was deemed wise to have a strong force handy to convince the Turks of the inadvisabil- ity of affecting such interests by any hos- tile .act. It was added that the presence of the Italian fleet would deter the Turks from committing outrages on Inoffensive Christians. The general consensus of opinion among the diplomatists is that there is nothing in the present situation to warrant the be- lief that it will- develop into a general conflagration, as the powers are co-oper- ating generally to preserve the peace of Europe. The situation in the Far East, especially the national agitation in Jap- an, Is regarded by some diplomats as be- ing as threatening as the Balkan situ tion. The Japanese officials hardly at- tempt to conceal their bellef that thelr Government would act'in the Far East should such an opportunity offer as the embroliment of Russia in thesBalkans. Dispatches received to-day from Yoko- hama state that the leading newspapers of Tokio have abandoned the silence which they -have hitherto observed re- garding the situation in Korea and pub- lish articles strongly denunclatory of the action of Russia. The Jiji declares it is time to show Korea that Japan’s patience is exhausted, while' the Shimbun urges the Government to demand explanations of Russia. Both the papers mentioned are newspapers of moderate tone. R ke ALL MALES ARE MASSACRED. Women Report Turkish Atrocity in. Bulgarian Village. SOFIA, Aug. 19.—Reports from Monastir say 200 women, who have arrived there from the Bulgarian village of Rakovo, hav: Or.sented petitions to the Russian and Austrian Consuls and to Hilmi Pa- sha, the inspector general, setting forth that their village has been burned, and that all the males of the population have been massacred. Fifteen villages in the district of Ok- rida, three in the district of Lerin and three in the district of Rezen have been destroyed. Further details of the fighting at Krush- evo show that the insurgents retired to a point in the vicinity of the town, after losing sixty men killed and twelve wound- ed. The Turkish loss was 250 men killed or wounded. A band of seventy insurgents, near-Ko- Jie, in the vilayet of Uskub, fought a de- tachment of Turks all day. Nine of. the insurgents were killed. The Turkish losses are not known. On the following day a party of Bashi Bazouks entered the village and slaughtered all of the inhab- itants. - Severe fighting is reported to have oc- curred .near Vetarsko. The result is not known, R e, TRAINS TO BE DYNAMITED. Boris Sarafoff’s Warning to Railroad Company Is Plain. VIENNA, Aug. 19.—A telegram from Boris Sarafoff, the active leader of the Macedonian insurgents, to the manage- ment of the Oriental Rallroad is pub- lished here. Sarafoff says that the gen- eral staff of the revolutionary committee of Macedonia ‘and Adrianople announces that in consequence of the rising of the Christian population of Macedonia for lib- eration from Turkish rule they will “nec- essarily have to commit outrages on rafl- and he begs the management. SCO CALL, MINERS DIE OF WANT ON NAZINA TRAIL Several Hundred Men Are Stranded and Helpless. Returned Prospector Tells Story of Hardship and Starvation. Unfortunate Gold Seekers Are Trying to Fight Off Death Until Assist- ance Can Be Sent to Them From Dawson. PIEEC PN Special Dispatch to The Call DAWSON, Y. T., Aug. 19—Two hundred and seventy-five miners are face to tace with starvation, stranded and helpless on the trail from ithe Nazina country. Five men ‘have already died from starvation | and- dozens of the remaining ones who are | trying. to reach the Yukon River are liv- ing on nothing but berries and moss and whatever they can find on the waste nerth ‘of the Tanana. Such is the news brought to Dawson to-night by H. Brat- nober, one of four’ passengers to arrive by the steamer Sarah. The vessel is one of the few to arrive this year from the lower river and it was late this afternoon when she tied up at her berth. - Bratnober's story is as follows: “I' passed through the northérn end of the Tanana stream two weeks ago and ten days before joining the steamer at Fair- banks, The scenes along the route from the Nazina country which lies to the northwest of Tanana are the most pitia- ble ever witnessed in the north. Nearly 300 miners are in actual want and so many are sick and unable to travel that almost the entire number are stranded. Many will never reach the outside. I and my partners had been away to the north on a long prospecting tour. We were working nearly 500 miles northwest of Fairbanks, the nearest port on the Yu- von. For the first 100 miles of the trip I met few prospectors, but even these were in hard luck. Then I ecame on a camp of twenty who were in such bad shape that they had almost to a man given up hope oL ever reaching the river, 300 miles away. They had no food and were then emaciated and too weak to travel. Some of them had managed to travel five or six miles in the right direction, but they were in such bad shape that they were over- come with ‘the effort. They had stayed in the country till they had no provisions left and their search for gold was abso- lutely fruitless. The country they were in when I passed through is only sparse- ly wooded and in some parts practically a barren waste. Many of the miners were keeping from starving to death by eating berries and even moss. There is little that is nourishing grow# on these wastes in the far north, The men were mostly. Americans and they wanted messages sent to United States authoritles asking for relief to be sent in. “One member of this first encampment had died the day before I arrived. He was a young man from New England and he had’literally starved to death. For days all he had was a biscuit and some shreds of dried meat, which one of the stranded men gave him. “Qn the road further north T met other parties and heard of more deaths. It was the same story of starvation and ter- rible hardship in the unavailing search for gold. I left with them all the provisions I had except barely enough to sée me through. And I was even hungry myself before I reached the posts in the Tanana country close to the river, where I could obtain goods. I notified the authorities at these posts as I came through.and I expect that before this some efforts have been made to succor the unfortunate peo- ple. “The rush to the Nazina started early in the year. Though they were warned, the average prospectors took far too little in the line of provisions with them. Their luck was uniformly bad and when all at once every one ran out of food and they realized how far they were from any post,, a panic resulted. Men started. on forced marches to get out of the country, and some lost their way. In a fortnight the condition of affairs was. terrible. Many are prostrated with disease and unable to move, even if they had good food.” Bratnober is saild to be a reliable man and his story is believed in Dawson. He is returning to the district within ten days himself and will, with a couple of assistants, take in a consignment of pro- visions for the suffering miners. @ittt el e @ “from humane considerations to accept no passengers, in order that there may be no unnecessary sacrifices to deplore.” Another bomb outrage is reported to have occurred at Philippopolis. A bomb was thrown into the house of a merchant there and three persons were Killed, ARSI T THIRTY REVOLUTIONISTS FALL. Turks Pursuing Remainder of a Macedonian Band. SALONICA, Tuesday, Aug: 18.—A revo- lutionary band engaged a force of Turk- ish troops yesterday at Dailar. Thirty of the revolutionists were killed and the troops are pursuing the remainder of the band. A message from the Metropolitan of Sa- lonica further confirms the reports that the Turkish troops on entering Krushevo terribly maltreated the inhabitants. About 150 Greeks and others, including eighty children, were marched as prison- ers to Monastir. Five of them died on their way. s SRR BULGARIA AGAIN PROTESTS. Austria Supports])_emnnd for Censur- } ing of Hilmi Pasha, VIENNA, Aug. 19.—The newspaper Die Zeitung asserts that M. Zinevieff, the Rus- slan. Embassador at Constantinople, yes- terday presented another mnote to the Porte demanding that severe official cen- sure be passed upon Hilmi Pasha, the in- spector general of Macedonia, for his negligence in permitting excesses by Turkish soldiers. The Austrian Embas- sador personally supported the demand. An unconfirmed rumor from Sofla says that the insurgents have capiured the town of Utschebo, in the vilayet of Mon- astir., They are reported to have mur- dered- the Mayor and to be holding the inhabitants for ransom. SNty 3 Bandits Attack Magazine. . 8T. PETERSBURG, Aug. 19.—A dis- patch received here from Port Arthur says a band of bandits recently attacked: 2 dynamite magazine near the Manchur- ian frontier station and attempted to blow it up. A detachment of Cossacl THUESDAY, AUGUST 20, 1903. POWERS UNITE IN COERCION OF TURKEY NO FURTHER TRIFLING WITH BOGOTA REGIME Secretary Hay Serves Notice That the Colombian Courts Will Be Ignored in Settlement of - Claims P A Now Pending -+ NICARAGUAN MINISTER TO WASHINGTON, WHO BELIEVES THAT HIS GOVERNMENT WOULD PLACE NO OBSTACLES IN THE WAY OF A CANAL TREATY. [ g Special Cable to The Call and New York Herald. Copyright, 1803, by the New York Herald Publishing Company. OLON, Aug. 19.—Mail advices from Bogota, under date .of August 5th, report that United States Minister Beaupre had sent a strong official note to the Minister of Foreign Af- fairs, stating, in the name of Secéretary Hay, that all American claims pending against Colombia must be settled by diplomatic intervention, and not by the local courts. Advices from Barranquilla say that General. Jose Vasques Cobos, former mil- itary chief of Panama, who headed the military coup in July against the Gover- nor, was imprisoned there and sent to Bogota on August 15th under military -escort. { MBS ATTITUDE OF NICARAGUA. Minister Corea Says Republic Would ‘Welcome Proposals. PARIS, Aug. 19.—Dr. Corea, the Min- ister of Nicaragua to the United States, who is here on a vacation, when seen to- day declined to discuss the rejection of the Panama canal treaty by the Colom- bian Senate. The Minister was asked whether, if the United States desired to reopen negotlations, Nicaragua would de- mand new terms and conditions beyond those contained in the Hay-Corea proto- col. He replied: Since my Government has not given me in- structions 1-am unable to say, as Minister, What the terms or conditions’ will be: but, Speaking in my private capacity, 1 am sure Nicaragua will approach any new megotiations in a spirit of complete frankness and fairness.. She has always considered the great enterprise as one in which the commerce of the world was concerned and has mever viewed the subject from any restricted, personal standpoint, but rather as an undertaking of international mag- nitude, e 7 PLANS A NEW TREATY. Colombia’s Move, Finds No Favor in ‘Washington. BOGOTA, Colombia, Friday, Aug. 14.— A bill is ready authorizing the Govern- ment to make a new canal treaty with the United States upon a fixed basis and also providing for modifying the national constitution. WASHINGTON, Aug. 19.—In State De- L Boy captured twepty of the bandits, but the majority of the band escaped. —_————————— INCREASING VALUES OF LAND IN CITIES Chicago in Seventy Years Presents Figures as to Values That Are Simply Wonderful. During the last fifty years land:values in New York and Chicago have prébably increased more enormously than in any other two cities in the world. In 1626 the Dutch purchased Manhattan Island for $24; in 1800, according to the census, the real estate of the city of New York was valued at 32,627,000,000—figures that the mind Is utterly incapable of comprehend- ing. / The advance in the value of land in Chicago has been equally as wonderful. In 1816 there was not a single white per- son on the present site of Chicago, and the raw prairfe land was practically val- ueless. The census of 1890 estimated the real estate value of the city at $1,330,- 000, % The most valuable quarter acre in Chi- cago in 1830 was worth $20; in 1840, $1500; in 1850, $17,500; in 1860, $28,000; in 1870, $120,- 000; in ‘188, $130,000; in 1890, $900,000, and in — partment circles the news that the Co- lombian Congress intends to ratify the canal treaty“in an amended form or to propose a new treaty is not regarded as changing the situation at Bogota. It has all along been declared, both at the State Department and the White House, that substantial amendment of the treaty in | any part would mean its death. There is no indication here that this view is not still held by the President and Secretary Hay. Information received by Dr. Herran, the Colombian Charge d'Affaires here, Indi- cates an intention on the part of the Colombian Senate to resume considera- tion of the subject of a Panama canal treaty in place of the one disapproved by that body on the 12th inst. This shows a decided change in the turn of events and leads Herran to hope that & meas- ure yet will be passed by the Colombian Congress which will form the basis for the ratification of a treaty between the United States of Colombia and the United States of America for the construction of an isthmian canal. Dr. Herran's infor- mation is that on the 13th inst, the day after the disapproval of the treaty by the Senate, that body voted to appoint a committee of three members to act jointly with a committee from the House of Representatives for the formation of a measure having for its object the rati- fication of a treaty between the two countries by the executive of Colombia after the two houses of the Colombian Congress have passed an enabling act out- lining the terms and conditions on which a treaty should be drawn. The President of Colombia by this act would have full power in the premises and the treaty would not have to be afterward sub- mitted to -the Colombian Congress. Dr. Herran was not surprised at the news. He admitted that the previous ca- blegram announcing the rejection of the treaty contained the words: “Another proposition is under consideration.” Dr. Herran, after further reading of the ca- blegram announcing rejection now con- tends that the Spanish word used should be translated “‘disapproved,” rather than “rejected.” Of the news from Bogota to- night Dr. Herran said: he Senate has not aban- o (e Thea. of canai legislation of some sort at its present session. I take it that the con- ference committee will agree upon modifications to the Hay-Herran treaty, which the Colom- bfan Congress will insist upon, and that the canal bill will be passed incorporating the pro- Sialons of the canal treaty which are satisfac- Yory to Congress, and empowering the President to ratify such treaty. the city of Chicago. The most valuable gection is known as the “South Side,” and its boundaries are the Chicago River on the north and west, Tweifth stret on the south and Lake Michigan on the east. All the great stores, wholesale and retall, the high office buildings and the great banking institutions are found within this area. Deducting thirty acres of public land owned by the nation, State, county and city, and 55.13 acres owned and used by the railroads, there remain 266.20 acres be- Jonging to individuals and private cor- porations. This the bureau estimated to be worth $319,000,000 for the land alone, without reckoning the improvements, which are worth as much more. Marshall Fleld owns $11,000,000 worth, and the next largest holder. Levi. Z. Leiter, $10,500,000 worth. There are in all 1198 owners of this $319,000,000 worth of land. Eighty- eight persons own $136,000,000, which is nearly one-half of the business center of the city of Chicago.—New York Commer- clal. . ———— . Count de la Vaulx, who tried last fall to cross the Mediterranean in a balloon and fafled, owing to bad weather, is re- constructing his balloon and will make the trial again this year. His baliast ‘will be In the form of water pumped up through a hose, the lower end of which trails in the sea. When | Charleston Rallroad | burg was reached CORPSE IS FOUND 1N BAGEACE CiA Boy's Parents Dszclare His Death Was Ac- cidental. They Decide to Keep Matter Quiet and Bury Body Privately. MONONGAHELA, Pa, Aoz D.—The blood-stained corpse of a five-year-old boy was discovered to-day by the bag gageman on a Pittsburg, Virginia and train en route to Dravosburg. The body was packed tight- Iy in a large coffee can and was wrapped in the blood-soaked folds of a woman's dress, The only mark on the body was & bullet hole in the breast. The can was deposited in the bagzage car at Waltersburg by a man and woman who said they would take it off at Drav- osburg, their destination. When. Dravos- the couple were ar- rested. They sald their names were Mr. and Mrs. Isaac Jubiller of Tucker and that the boy was their son who had ac- cidentally killed himself with his father's revolver. When they found he was dead they decided to keep the matter quiet and bury him privately at Dravosburg. —_——— Bulgaria Buys Ammunition. LONDON, Aug. 19.—A dispatch to & news agency from Vienna says Bulgarl has ordered 15.000,000 cartridges from & Vienna firm for prompt delivery. The Italian Embassador at Constanti- nople has telegraphed to the Foreign Of- fice that the Porte has declared it will soon ‘be able to re-establish order in Mac- edonia and that it has already secured effective protection for all the foreign Consuls there. e Single taxers are greatly exercised over the acquisition of a clubhouse by the Manhattan Single Tax Club. The ciub has made a dangerous departure from the teachings of Henry George in regard to the private ownership of land. The members are not all reconciled to the fact that the club has become a private prop- erty owner. It was for the purpose of promulgating his single tax ideas that Henry George founded the club years ago.—New York Letter. e Dr. Elvira Castner of Marienfelde, near Berlin, who was one of the first German women to come to this country to study a profession closed to her in German has given up her profes: of dentistr after many years of successful work an is devoting herself to a school of horticu ture for women founded by herself. There are now a number of women dentists in Germany. @ielinnimeimeiniinieleleinlelriei @ WIZARD LOEB PROBES. P Continued From Page 1, Column 2. | them and without the assista | sperm. He reasoned that artific thenogenesis might be practiced | eggs of other animals and set on experiments with the result efforts were justified. His most su ful experiments were carried on with lim- | pets found at Pacific_Grove, from the | eggs of which he produced the young. The results of Dr. Loeb’s experiments and his observations upon them. are con- | tained in a bulletin isdhed at the Unive sity of California to-day. It reads as fol- lows: ery of the fact that the un- oo B houe. the ‘adaition of sperm. the hem and rose . whether artificial parthemo- question arose genesis is confined to a few species or whether it is as general as the phemomenen of sexual fon itself. the latter could ::\gr‘(l):ulfifbf the case it would be of importance in two directions. It would suggest the possi- bility that the artifictal physical or chemical means by which the unfertilized eggs can be caused to develop have something in_common With the means by which the sperm causes the development of the eggs. Thus the ex- periments on artificial parthenogenesis might pave the way for the solution of the problem of fertilization. Secon if it be possible ewv: to gaip any positive evidence for ablogenes! the experiments on artificial parthenogenes may have some bearing on this problem. It can, of course, not be expected that eggs of eachy of the numerous for mals can ;xamined in regard to the poesi- bility of artificial parthenogenesis. If it can only be shown that the eggs of each form on which the experiment has been tried can be caused to develop without sperm by physical or chemical means we may conclude with some probability that the eggs of the animals of the same group not yet tested would behave in the same way, although the technical ditficulties may be greater in one form than in another. The forms thus far experimented upon all belong to two groups, echinoderms and anne- lids. No species of these two groups whose eggs have been subjected to the test for arti- ficlal parthenogenesis have proved refractory. long intended to see whether the unfer- Hiltzed eg@s of mollusks could not be caused by physico-chemical means to develop, but at Wood's Holl no forms with separate sexes were obtainable. Meanwhile Ariola reported. that he had tried in vain at Naples to produce artificial parthenogenesis in a mollusk. ““Den- talium Entalis.” It must be said. however, that this author, through a blunder om his part, did not use the right solutions, and hence his experiments could not be successful. Pro- fessor Kostanecki recently published a ~short paper announcing that he had succeeded in producing the first segmentations in a mol- Juse, “‘Mactra,” by the method employ me on _sea urchins. The fact that he d succeed In causing the eggs larval stage he ascribed to the he did not use the optimal conc this form. 1 have recent! some experiments on Grove. namely. Lottia gis: and three other limpets, some are species of Acmae: I succeeded in pr 3 from the unfertilized esgs by for two hours to sea water t which had been increas larvae submitting them concentration of the addition_of chioride. tassium chioride or sodium Ootimal concentration differs somewhat for each species. In from two to three hours after the eggs were taken out of the hypertonic so- lutions and put back Into normal sea water segmentation began, which was very regular at least In the two and four cell stages. For aid obtain the eight cell stage I not e Sefistactory observations. In ' from twenty to twenty-four hours swimming larvae were found. In most cases the latter developed within forty-eight hours; in ome species only cid I find larvae which showed to live longer. Death was caused or :'i"{’.’.“,i’.mmp.mm by a tendency of the cells fo fall apart and to disintegrate. “In oider cul- tures were found & comparatively large num- of partial larvae. Bl Othe cause of this disintegration was T am not yet able to state. It is probable that the eggs had not yet reached their full matur- ity at the time of my experimentation. I am inclined to conclude this from the fact that I 214 not succeed in fertilizing the exgs of “Lot- tia” (om which the majority of experiments Were carried out) With sperm of their own or any other species. It is perhaps worthy of Mote that the eggs which could .not be fer- tilized with sperm could be caused to develop by @ physical agency such as the extraction of B ter from the egg. This refractory behavior of the eggs toward sperm w; in one respect welcome In these experiments, as it added to the feeling of security that the precautions against contamination of the eggs with sperm were adequate. In the control experi- ments no segmented egg or swimming larvae und. T freatment of the eggs with acid led only to a beginning of segmentation. Mechanical agi- tation as far as tried had no eftect. I can therefore state that on the basis of these ex- periments mollusks may now be added to fhe list of animals in which it is possible by hemical means to cause the unfer- tilized eggs to develop into swimming. larves. The exveriments will be continued.