The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, May 1, 1903, Page 3

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, FRIDAY MAY 1, 1903. ANNIDERSARY MARKS GREATEST FORWARD STEP IN HISTORY N < Chief of Nation Reviews Its Expansion. Draws a Lesson)| From Pioneer Deeds. S A 30.—Sixty attempted President’s not reach t's dedi- s fana Pur- - £ this after- w ered in the nsion, beginni treated FIRST ACT OF EXFANSION. Pa- LESSONS TAUGHT BY J TISTORY. as possession tes perform n, but each 3 after ts enemy as lozal inde ab- g ma- Greek world Sreeic ® in t . f such empires fe and great to local Wb The ver expanded by a t gave rs. rulers. road build nd administra their in ress upon all wer cat became ar barbarians zatio a become first formulgted der which we live this remed ould_foretell how it w = began the experim mediately by adding new States origi v Excellent people In the East cwe al _expansion of the country | with g . Exactly as during the colo. good people in the mother- 4 ught it highly important that kept out of the Obic Valley f the fur companies, %o after & pation many £0od Deople on t felt grave apprehension lest w be hurt by the westward he nation. These good people shook r the formation of States in the ey which now forms part of the n; and they declared that the the 'republic had been accom- through the Louisiana purchase arly balf of what is now that same ey = present territory. Nor wa their feeling unnatural. Only the adventurous d the far-sceing can be expected heartily to welcome the process of expansion, for the na- tion that expands is a mation which is entering upon a great career, and with greatness there mist of necessity come perils which daunt al] save the most stout-hearted. We expanded by carving the wilderness into destruction pliched when we acquired n ’ most | INUOCATION By Cardinal Gibbons. { E pray thee, 0 God of | might, wisdom and justice, through whom authority is rightly administered, laws are enacte and judgment decreed, assist with thy holy spirit of coun- sel and fortitnde the President of these United States, that his administration m y be con- | | ducted in righteousness and be eminently useful to thy peo- ple over whom he presides, | by encouraging due respect for virtue and religiom, by a | | faithful execution of the laws in justice and ercy, and by | restraining vie nd immoral- | ity. | | 'Let the light of thy divine wisdom direct the delibera- tions of Congress and shine forth in all their proceedings and laws framed for our rule and government, so that they may tend to the preservation of peace, the promotion of n tional happiness, the increase of industry, sobriety and use- ful knowledge, and may per- Ppetuate to us the blessings of equal liberty. We pray for his Excellency | | the Governor of this State, for the members of the Legisl ture, for all judzes, magis- | | trates and other officers who are appointed to guard our political welfare that they | may be emabled by thy pewer- ful protection to discharge the duties of their respective sta tions with honesty and abili | We pray for the president and directors of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, that their arduous labors may be crowned with success, and may redound to the greater growth and development of this flour- ishing city on the banks of | the Father of Waters. | May this vaxt territory | which was peacefully acquired | | & hundred years axo be for all time to come the tranquil and happy abode of millions of enlightened, God-fearing and industrious people en- gaged in the various pursuits and avocations of life. As this | mew domain wax added to our | possessions without sanguin- | ary strife, xo may its soil never | be stained by bloodshed in any foreign or domestic warfare. May this commemorative ex- position, to hich the family of nations are generously con- tributing their treasures of art and industry, bind together the governments of the earth in closer ties of fellowship and | mood will, and of social and | commercial intercourse. May it hasten the dawn of the reign of the Prince f Peace, when national conflicts will be adjusted. not by hostile armies, | but by permanent courts of | arbitration. May this international ex- | hibition, inaugurated in the interests of peace and com- | merce, help to break down the | wall of dissension, of jealousy | and prejudice that divides ‘ | | | { | | race from race, nation from nation and people from people, | | By proclaiming nloud the sub- lime Gospel of truth that we are all children of the same God, brothers and sisters of the same Lord Jesus Christ, and that we are all aspiring to a glorious imheritance in the everlasting kingdom of our | common father. sut of these Territories build- e they had received settiers ‘a sufficient number of e. Being a practical nation force on any section of our suitable form of govern- e it was suitable for an- under different conditions. Of the vered by the Louisiana purchase a given statehood within a few years. admitted to state yugh a century has elapsed—although scon will be. In each case we governmental geni ( methods suitable to meet eds; not by ins.sting upon he application some abstract shibboleth to all our new possessions alike, no matter how | incongruous this' application might sometimes be. Over by far the major part of the territory, however, our peopie spread in such numbers during the course of the nineteenth century that we were able to butid up State after State, cach exactly the same complete local inde- pender 0 ail matters cting purely its own domestic interests as in any of the original | thirteen States—each owing the same absolute fealty to the Union of ail the States which each of the original thirteen States also owes— | and Bnally each having the same proportional | right to its share in shaping and directing the common policy of the Union which is possessed by any other State, whether of the original thirteen or not. | This process now seems to us part of the nat- vral order of things, but it was wholly un- | known untfl our own people devised it. It seems to us a mere matter of course, a matter { elementary right and justice, that in the de- berations of the national representative bodjes presentatives of a State which came into jon but yesterday etand on a footing of and entire equality with those of the mmonwealths whose sons once signed the | Declaration of Independence. But this way of | looking at the matter is purely modern, and in its origin purely American. When Washington during his Presidency saw the new States come tnto the Union on a footing of complete equal- ity with the old, every European nation which | bad colonies stili administered them as depend- encies, and every other mother-country treated he colonist not as a self-governing equal, but s a subject The process which we began has since been followed by ali the great|peoples who were capable of expansion and of self-government, and mow the world accepts it as the natural process, as the rule, but a century and a quar- ter ago it was not merely exceptional; it was unknown . This, then, is the great historic significancs of the movement of continental expansion in which the Louisiana purchase was the striking single achievement. It stands out in Continued on Page 4, Column 4. we | SEES HAND OF GOD IN OUR PROSPERITY Former President Cleveland Believes Providence Guides the Nation. T. LOUIS, April 30.—Former Presi- dent Cleveland's address at the ex- position dedication this afternoon was a masterly review of Am growth. Speaking of the progress of this nation, Mr. Cleveland said that it had been marked by occurrences and inci- dents triking, so and tant that they only by the providence of God. Not chance, but:the guiding har Almighty, he said, had prospered the American peoj The former President’s speech follows a rican significant d be accounted f or co! Mr. President Gentlemen The impressiveness enhanced by reason fillment wh is in mirds piring = Ladies and cas and t an atmosphere of proph ihe unds it awe- sur 5 nd feel things a here . tion ¢ Iredth aniversary of an event which doubled the area of the young American nation, and dedi ated a new American progress and ac ¢ aty whose completion we to-day commemorate was itself | a_propheey of our youthful nation's migh growth and development. At its birth proph ets in wa Joyously foretold the happin | which its future promised. He who was the | chief actor for the United States in its nego- fation, as he signed the periectea instrument, thus deciared its effect and tar-reaching con- equences instrument which we have | Just signed will cause no tears to be shed. It ages of hapiness for innumerable | ¢ human creatures. The Missis- sippi and the Missouri will see them succeed | one another—truly worthy or the regard and care of Providence in the bosom of equai- ity under just laws—freed from the errors | of superstition and the scourges of bad gov ernment.” He who represented the nation with whom we negotisted, when he afterward e to the world his account of the trans- m, declared The consequences of the cession of Louisiara will extend to the most | distant posterit It intercets v regions t will become by their civilization and | power the rivals of Europe before arother century commences,” and, warmed to enthu- asm by the pments already in :lew, nd greater promised, ke added: ‘Who | can conter without vivid emotions this spectacle of the happiness of the present gen- ration 2nd the certain pledges of the pros- perity of numberless generations that will fol- low?” At these magnificent prospects the heart beats with joy n the breasts of the who were permitted to see the dawn of these bright days i who are assured that so many bappy presages will be accomplished. GREAT GROWTH OF NATJON. | Thers was another prophet, greater than all —prophet and priest—who, higher up the mount than others, heard more distinctly the voice of destiny, whose heart and soul were | ¥, and whose every faculty was | tens ng as e wrought for our na- | tion's advancement and for the peace and con- | tentment of his fellow-countrymer ten: fullness of gratitude and jcy he thus wrote to ore who he he consummation of this great t For myseif and my country I thank you for the aid you have given In it; and 1 congratulate you on having lived to give these aids in a transaction re- plete with blessings to unborn millions of men, and which will mark the face of a por- tion on the globe, so extensive as that whi. h now comprises the United States of America’ and when, President, he gave notice in n -&HA:»} t gress of the actual Jthe Government of its new acqul surance of his complete fai and confidence in the beneficent result of our nation's extension in these words “On this !mportant acquisi- tion, so rn\orahle to t immediate interests of our Western citizens, so auspicious to the peace and security of the nation in general hich adds to our country territories x tensive and ferti and to our 2 brethren 1o partake of the blesstase ot (e dom and self-government, I offer to Congress and our country my sincere conz .tulatiomns Our prophets do not live forever. They sre not here to see how stupendously the geowin and development of the American nation, on Lh? doml!nh newly acquired in their da; has uring a short century ou i tions and predictions, © O ‘W€t anticipa- Almost Within the limits of the ‘.‘:ed by ze Louislana purchase w ready carved out twelve still a large residue, whose occupante aic: cioE now loudly clamoring for statehood. Instead of the 500 white settlers who oc- cupled this domain in 1803, it now contajns fifteen millions of industrious, enterprising. n. telligent Americans. constituting about one ften of the population of all our States, and thess are deflantly contesting for premiership. in wealth and materi; success with the oldest of our States, and are thelr equals fn every hase vanced intelligen v ro oy igence and refined civ- The States which composed the Union wi its possessions were so greatly extended J?.‘ since that time seen the center of the nation’s a territory have al- population carried more than five westward by the swift and m’.‘i‘.“r‘.’{‘flu"ri'-':! of settlement toward this new éomain, and the citizens of those States have seen flocking thither “‘new brethren to partake of the bless- ings of freedom and self-government’ in mul- occpancy | From the | | that udes greater than even Jefferson would have ared to faretell T shall not enter the field of statistics for purpose giving d the develop- t of the territory aeq the treaty memora I ha to such de- ment in some of its general features by f suggesting how distinctly the century led gives assurance of a startling and en und: the te begi t final fulfillment IMPORTANCE OF PURCHASE. The supreme importance of the Louisiana e and its value as a national accomp- prophe- | nt, when seen in the incidents of its history and in the light of Its present pective effects, and judged solely by ble and independent merits, cannot ettér characterized than by the adoption - following language from the pen of a American _historian The annexa- Louisiana was an event so portentous efy measurement. It gave a new face s, and ranked in historical importance the Declaration of Independence and ption of the constitution, the events of was the logical outc. But as a r of diplomacy it was unparalleled because almost nothing fitting on every ground it is that the fal of this stupendous event should be joyously and appropriately celebrated, and that should be celebrated here in the most popu- 1s of the States created from the territory Louisiana purchase gave to us. And ing it is with the character of this uisition, and with its purpose and mission, our celebration should not waste itsel? pomp and pageantry that belong to the hs and spoils of war or to the rapacious sessions of ruthless conquest. Every fea- our celebration should remind us that orialize a4 peaceful acquisition of ter- ritory for truly American uses and and we should rejoice, not only because acquisition immediately gave peace and con- tentment to the spirited and determined Amer. | ican settlers, who demanded a to the sea, but also because it and means of livelihood for the millions of new outlet of trade Americans whose coming tread fell upon the ears of the expectant fathers of the republic, and whose stout hearts and brawny arms wrought the miracles which our celebration ehould interpret We are here at this hour to dedicate beau: tiful aud stately edifices to the purpose or our commemoration. But as we do this, let us re- member that the soil whereon we stand was a century ago dedicated to the genius of Amorie can industry and thrift. For every reason, thing could be more appropriate as an Im- portant part of the centennial commemoration we have undertaken than the gathering to- gether on this spot of the things that are characteristic of American effort and which tell ory of American achlevement: ana how happily will this be supplemented and crowned by the generous, magnanimous and in- structive contributions from other and older lands, which, standing side by side with our exhibits, shall manifest the high and friend regard our republic has gained among the g ernments of the earth, and shall demonstrate how greatly advancing civilization has fos- tered and stimulated the brotherhood of nations. VALUE OF THE EXPOSITION. 1 cannot, however, rid myself of the feeling the inspiration and val an exposition may be anticiphted and increased if on this dedicatory occasion we promote ap- propriate reflections by .a retrospection of some of the incidents which accompanied the event we cclebrate. We all know that long before the negotia- tions of the treaty of 1805 our Government had a keen apprectation of the importance to Amer- ican settlers in the valley of the Mississippi of an arrangement permitting their products to e depoxited and exported at the entrance of that river to the sea. It will be remembered that thie need of our settlers had been met in a limited and not altogether secure manner by a treaty with Spain, allowing such deposits and export to be made, at the city of New Orleans. This privilege was entirely withdrawn in Oc. tober, 1802, the territory appurtenant to suen privilege having been in the meantime trans. ferred to France. The situation thus created was_extremely delicate. There was presented to the Government on the one hand the injury to Western settlers through the loss of {heir trading outlet, and on th® other the perplex- ing question of affording them relief by means of diplomatic method. their agreement or In some other The abandonment of our settlers to disheartening fate was of course ot Dlated. nnot be denfed that the conditions plain- Iy pointed to cautions and deliberate negotia- tions as the way of prudence and safety. It very soon became apparent, however, that de- lay and too much deliberation id not sult the temper and spirit of sturdy Americans chafing under a sense of wrong and convinced = that they were entitled to prompt assistance. The inhabitants of our territory bounding on the east side of the Mississippl, in a memorial ad. dressed to the President, Senate and House of Representatives, after reciting their disc couraging condition and expressing their faith in the Government's disposition to extend the necessary aid, closed their memorial with these significant words: “And S0 far as may de. pend on ourselves, we tender to our country our lives and fortunes in support of such meas- ures as Congress may deem necessary to vin- dicate the honor and protect the interests of the United States.”” The settlers In the States west of the Alleghany Mountains also in a mes morial to the Government, clearly indicating thelr impatience and readiness for extreme ac: tion, declared that prompt and decisive meas- ures were necessary, and referred to the maxin attending such | provided homes | | public. { X3 STATESMEN WHO OCCUPIED | PROMINENT PLACES AT ST. | LOUIS. | i that protection and allegiance are reciprocal, as being particularly applicable to their situa- tion. They concluded their statement with these solemn words: ‘‘Without interfering In the measures that have been adopted to bring about the amicable arrangement of a difference which has grown out of the gratuitous viola- tion of a solemn treaty, they desire that the United States may expiicitly understand that their condition is critical; that the delay of a single season would be ruinous to their coun- try; and that an imperious necessity may con- sequently obiige them, if they receive no aid, to adopt themselves the measures that may a pear to them calculated to protect their ‘com- merce, even though those measures should J duce consequences unfavorable to the harmony of the Confederacy. JEFFERSON’S GRAVE WORDS. watiors emphasized the appre- These repr - hension of those charged ith governmentai affairs, that the course of deliberate caution and waiting, which up to that time had ap- péared to be the only one sible, might be fcient to meey the fon; ani that whatever the rosult faight mor= pro- nouiieed oS and” m gent action should be entered u nt Jefferson wrote to a [riend on Februar: 1508: “‘Ow circumstances ar: S0 imperiols as to admit of no delay @s *o our course, and the uss of the Mississippi so indispensable that we cannot hesitate one mement to hezard our existence | for its maint; ce.” He appointed an addi- tional envoy to co-operate with our representa. tive already at the French capital in An at- tempt to obtain a concession that would cuie the difficulty and in a communication to him, | atter referring to the excitement caused by the withdrawal of the right of deposit, he thus characterized the condition which he’ believed confronted the ration: ‘‘On the event of this fission depend the future destinies cf this re- If we cannot, by a purchase of the country, Insure to ourtelves a course of per- petual neace and friendship with all natios then 2s war canvot be distant, it behooves us immediately to be preparing for that course— thourh not, hastening it." T have nét recitcd these details for the pur- pose of claiming that this accelerated speed and Rdvanced nosition on the pert of our Govern- ment had any importent effect In hastening final results. 1 have thought it not amiss however, to call attention to the fact that a century ago the people of this country were not seeking to gain governmental benefit by clandestine approach and cuaning pretense, but were ant to blainly presert their wants or grievances, and to openly demand such con- ,sideration and care from the general Govern- ment as was their due - under the mandate of | popular rule, and that in making their de- mands they relied on the mutual oblizations of the relationship between the governed and those invested with authority, and invoked the reciprocity in political duty which.enjoins that for the neople's obedience and support of Gov ernment there shall be given in exchange by the Government to the people, defense of their personal rights, and the assurance that in safe- ty and peace they shall surely reap the fruits of their enterprise and labor. It may also be well to mote the efficacy of the people's call upon the Government in those early days. and how quickly the response came—not by vield- ing to temporary gusts of popular whim and caprice—not by conferring benefits on the few at the expense of the many—but by a quick observation of the fact that the withdrawal of certain rightful privileges by another nation from American settlers had caused them dis- tress and by a prompt determination to relieve their distress, even if the unwelcome visage of far_frowned in obposition. FACES SERIOUS PROBLEM. Another Incident which it seems to me we may recall to-day with profit and satisfaction grew out of the conduct of the President when the treaty of 1803 had been formulated and was returned to him for ratification and final com. pletion. He was, as is well known, originally quite firm in his beliaf that the constitution as it stood did not authorize such an extersion of our limits by purchase as the treaty for the acquisition of the Louisiana terrtory contem- plated. Holding this opinion and at the same time confronted with the clear conviction that the treaty with all its stupendous advantages could not be allowed to fail without positive peril, if not to our national life at least to its most vital object and asnirations. his perplex- ity was increased by the receipt of an author- itative intimation that any delay In final ac- tion on the treaty might open the way to a recession on the part of France. In these cir- cumstances, not daring to risk the delay of an amendment to the constitution prior, to such final action, he proposed reconciling consist- ency with duty by procuring a confirmation of the treaty by the Senate and compassing its unquestionable validation by a subsequent constitutional amendment. In view of the conclusive settlement since that time of this constitutional question by every branch of the Government against Mr. Jefterson’s original opinion, and in favor of the nation’s power to acquire territory. as was done under the treaty of 1808, and considering the fact that we have since that time immensely increased our area by the acquisition not only of neighboring territory, but of distant islands | | | BENEDICTION | By Bishop Potter. | | AY the blessing of the 11 Lord God Almighty, without whom all our labor is but vain, rest upon this work and all who | are, or shall be, engaged in it. May he take these buildings under his gracious keeping and crown this great under- | taking with his enduring fa- vor, making it the school of truth and beauty, and so =a revelation of his infinite mind, | working in and through the mind of man. And to him be | glory and honor and power, | now and always. The Lord | bless us and keep us; the Lord | make his face to shine upon us | and be gracious unto us: the Lord lift up the light of his | | | countenance upon us and give | to us and to all the people of this land peace, purity and prosperity, both now and for- evermore. Amen. e CARTER | PRAISES | 3 FRANCIS | President of the | . Exposition. T. LOUIS, April 3.—Former Sena- tor Thomas H. Carter’s address, in- troducing President Francis of the exposition in the Liberal Arts building this afternoon, was as follows One hundred years ago to-day the Govern- ment of the United States acquired sovereignty over the vast territory of the Mississippi River, | which has since been known to the geograph- ical nomenclature of the world as Louisi- ana purchase.” Beyond the river the bounda- rie the resources of the territory were il defined and but vaguely comprehended. The | hase price of $15,000,000 was pronounced | ant, the free navigation of the Missis- | sippt being the only part of the property deemed worthy of serious constderativn. The fransac- | tion was regarded by many as a violation of the foostitution and a menace to our form of Governuient. The grave doubts of President | Jefferson were resolved into action only by his patriotic desire for national supremacy over the river. and his prophetic faith in the pos: | bilities of the mysterious country beyond i The revelations of a century have most amply justified his faith When the treaty of cession was concluded | President Jefferson represented less than six millions of people. During these ceremoni: President Roosevelt, the executive of over eighty millions of free men, will dedicate the buildings. The magical story of local devei- opments puts to shame the creations of fiction. In_conformity with a special act of Copgress. the President has invited all the nations to co- operate with us in properly commemorating the masterful achievements of a century in this new count It is fitting that the celebration should be international, for you will in vain attempt to name a civilized country whose sons and daugh- ters have not contributed to the glorious tri- umphs of peace recorded here. In the naume of the national commission di- | rected by Congress to provide for the dedica- | tion ceremonies, I extend to you all a cordial welcome, and as responsive to this scene of peace and generous feeling. I call upon | the chorus to favor us with Beethoven's Crea- tion_hymn (Chorus.) Those best informed will, by unanimous con- sent, vield to Hon. David R. Francis, president of the company, the highest measure of praise for the organization of the exposition and the construction of the bulldings he will now pre- sent to the President of the United States for dedication. @ il e of the sea, separated by thousands of miles from our home domain, we may be inclined to | think lightly of President Jefterson’s scruples | concerning the acquisition of lands, not only next adjacent to us, but indispensably neces- sary to our peace and development | There were wise men near our President in | 1805, Who differed with him touching .the na- tion’s power to acquire new territorv under the original provision of the constitution, and { these men did not fall to make dissent. Moreover, in the Senate, to which the treaty was submitted for confirmation, there was an able discussion of its constitu- tional validity and effectiveness. The judg- ment of that body on this phase of the subject was emphaticaily declared when out of thrty- | one_votes twenty-four were cast in favor of | confirmation. An amendment to the constitu- tion was afterward presented to Congress, but its first appearance was its last. It does not | appear that the President interested himself in its fate. and it died at the moment of its in- troduction. While in this day and generation we may wonder at the doubts which so perplexed Jef- ferson in 1803, and at his estimate of the lim- itations of our fundamental law, and may be startled when we reflect that if they had been allowed to control his action, we might have lost the greatest national opportunity which has been presented to our people since the adoption of the constitution, we cannot fail at the same time to be profoundly grateful that these doubts and this estimate were those of a man sincere enough and patriotic enough to | listen to wise and able counselors and to give bis country the benefit of his admission of the fallibility of his judgment. | Thomas Jefferson never furnished better evi- dence of his greatness than when just before the submission of the treaty to the Semate he wrote to a distinguished Senator who differed with him on this question: “I confess that I think it important in the present case to set an example against broad construction by ap- pealing for new power to the people. If, how- ever. our friends shall think differently, cer- tainly 1 shall acquiesce with satisfaction—con. fiding that the good sense of our country will correct the evil of construction when it shall produce 1l effect; A recent writer on American diplomacy, who is not suspected of partiality for Jeffersonian l Speech Introducing| inspiring | known' their | OF AMERICAN NATION, SAYS PRESIDENT THEODORE ROOSEVELT Extends Thanks on Behalf of St. Louis. \Francis Doices Appreciation of Aid. T. LOUIS, April 30.—Speaking on behalf of the people of St. Louis this afternoon, President Francis. | to whose untiring energy much of the assured success of the exposi- tion project due, extended hearty thanks to the States and the nations which had given assistance. Said he The people of the Louisiana purchase are proud of their memb v he Feder:i Union. They are grate r the benefits tha have flowed from a i, the endu n | | itutions_formed by nders of - | public. They congratulate their brethren on | the position “our country mong _the | mations of the earth ana ¢ themselves | on the part they have performed toward rais- | ing it to its present prestige and powe: | They felt it a patriotic duty to fiteingly com | memorate the completion of the first century of | their _connection ~with erican republ and the roundin portant epoc | in the lifs of the r | that duty this exp | “The mhabitants two Territories ¢ selected St. Le tion. The peoy conter y_assu n keeping with and should be planned ug to take in every pe | A scheme so a us | tly nad mparativel encountered - m n It ¢ | out the recogn jovernment, possible to | t required | comprehenstive sh | for the empire ided that undertaking = purchased Loui: $15,000,000. ¢ When you we years have since elag the work has been j Territory and posse: at and In every civilized country eart The disappointments experienced and the ob- stacles encountered have but served to spur to renewed effort those who the inception of had determined to car to a succes: nsummarton. NATIONS LEND SUPPORT. from the General for its own ex- ¢ the forty-one States and Territories and j tons of the United edged participation of thirtv-two tries, are esults of vigorow ign exploitation e President of the Unit representatives the chief ex: iragement inf hibit, the States, to th of foreign cou: sovereign to the Senmators and Representatives Congress, to the great concourse tors here congregated, we extend greet If you are pleased with what has been roval abundant = performe your ar the labor wi i And now, Mr. President, it is my pleasing leze and high honor to present to y | fon the build ¢ the Louisiana May high standard citizenship and mission of the c Y | sentative you are, be sustained and and promoted by the uses to whi | structures are devoted. May the hapy | mankind be advanced and broad | lofty purposes that inspired and moved our own and our unite in its accomplishment. political doctrine, gave in strong and gracefu terms a good reason for gratitude to-day when, in referring to this subject, he wrot “It was fortunate for the future of America | that we had at the head of affairs a man such broad views of ocur nY'e e & nt with ws er tertained by Jefferson as tonalit | ; less able Presic | of the measure would have Jefferson put asid views as to the fundamental dinated them to the w expansion _of itutions. American democracy and in his adverse stitution, and gla enough to see that be wrong. yet may we not pause h to contrast in thoughts t ich the wer- rent manner | drea years ago, mes, t pantly ment of our ¢ tution to th terest and convenience ? RECOGNITION OF PROVIDENCE. empt the adjust- e purpeses of | | In conclusion I hope I may be permitted suggest that our thoughts surrounding or. this occasic ead us to umbie recognition of vidence of God In a | that bas made a great nation. From our beginning as a people our -wurse has bee | marked by occurrences and ircidents so strik ing. so significant and so constant, that only superstitious duliness or inteilvctual biindnes: | will place them to the credit of luck or chance In the midst our rejol to-day . ng that we reca!l with soberness and meekness some of the happenings in cor nection with the great events we celebrate which impressively fllustrate the interp: peculiarly fit of divine providence in our behalf. We sou from a nation ruled by one whose ambit was boundless and whose scheme for ag grandizement knew neither ihe obligati ¢ public morality mor the restraints of good faith, the free navigation of the Mississi River and such insignificant territory us would make such navigation useful. Wh our efforts toward the accomplishment of thi slight result languished and were fa a suming a hopeless condition, the autocrat of France suddenly commanded one his Minis ters to enter into negotiations with our wait | ing ana dispirited representat: o= claimed T r unce Loulsiana. It is not It only New Orleans I cede s the whole ¢ ony without reserve It was only nineteen days thereafter that the | treaty transferring to us the magnificent d main comprised within the Louisfana pur chase was concluded. This astonishing change in our prospects, which dissipated the fears amd apprehensions of our Government and revived the promise o our perpetuity and happy destiny, ca at t very moment that Bonaparte was organizing a force to occupy the Louisiana territory " | the prosecution of colonial occupation and de | velopment, which, if consummat would | probably have closed thfe door even to the siight acquisition which we originally sought The French colony of San Domingo was. how ever, a prime factor in this scheme of ._cupa ! tion, and it was essential to its success that this colony and Louisiana should both be iv cluded and should supplement each other PROPHECY'S FULFILLMENT. A serious revoit then raging in San Domingo delaying the proceedings. the occupation of Lou isiana was postponed until this revoit should be overcome. The troops sent from Framce to accomplish this apparently easy task were so stubbornly resisted by hundreds of thousand of freed blacks, fighting against thefr re-en slavement, and they suffered so terrible frum climatic conditions and deadly fever that after the sacrifice of 25,000 soldiers, many of whom | were intended for the subsequent occupation of Louisiana, Bonaparte’s plan for the occupation of both colonies miscarried This sappoint ment, and the conception of new schemes of war and conquest by the restless dietator of France, and his need of money to out these schemes, were controlling cumstances in leading him to throw in our la the entire Louisiana ierritory. Nome these circumstances were within our procurement o knowledge buf who shall say that God was not accomplis] his designs in our behai( amid the turmoll and distressing scene of San Do- mingo's revolt? And how can it be said that there was no Providence in the unexpected un- yleiding and successful fight for continued free- dom on the part of the negroes of San Do- mingo, or in the fatal pestilence that vied with bloody warfare in the destruction of the army of subjugation, or In the fever of war and as- gression which heated the blood of Bomaparte, all combining to turn him away from the oecu- pation of the Louisiana territory? All these things, so remote and so far out of our sight, pointed with the coercion that belongs to the decrees of God, to a consummation which re. stored to our people peace and contentment, and secured to our nation extension and devei- opment beyond the dreams of cur fathers,