The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, December 18, 1902, Page 3

AND NEUTRALS WILL NOT BE CONSULTED AS TO B Balfour Hints J » Hostilities, for a Settlement. | OXDON, Dee. 17.—"If the seizure of | Verezuelan gunboats does mot re- sult we all hope, it will be neces- to proceed to a blockade.” the speech in the House of sary -day, during which Premier Balfour made the foregoing statement, he convered the impression of possible, | further hos- tration on some h as yet unneces: tilities, but that also arb basis might be accepted. Immediately after having spoken these | the Premier =aid that in the event lockade no would be made between the shi powers, who d. He then ridi- peaceful blockade. think it quite likely s Govern ment would as a pacific take the same blockade does * the House ex- | sion the tenor of | howed regard for | States. Balfour the papers in the | in course of being ! . and H Sir William Vernon =ald they would inc ns with reference to Vene- Ma- | bhetween his ng further s been given out at the at the blockade would be nience to mier said the undertaken er along ard ~ompensation | subjects axd the . aske > a ed St blockade | ates ves- | Ited whea you | a third party.” | asked Hea “Does the non ose that without a st: Lo Lansdowne’ House of Lo: t by Great Fereat portions e two fleets wi will not act as one BRITONS WANT PEACE. | Fear That Germany Will Embroil! Them With America. ONDON, Dec. 15—The developments | he Venezuelan imbrogiio, as revealed Premler Balfours statements in Par- sterdar, have resulted in bring- in the press this morning stronger of the desire to h some pacific settiement of the dif- when German co- | first mooted, the Govern- | recognized the possibility Venezuela and postponed it at the suggestion of th n order to avoid the un- On the other hand, those of | ude the | z | choose ke vessels and have a | * | Rabert's gloomy view: | erea THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 18, 1902, GREAT BRITAIN'S PREMIER SAYS A STATE OF WAR EXISTS at Further| but Looks | - who declare that the Government of the 1'nited States forced the Goyernment of Great Britain into a virtual declaration of war are not lacking. Certainly a con- siderable portion of the British public was rather disagreeably surprised to find that Great Britain actually was at war | and that this war might for many months | to come require the presence of a large naval force in Venezuelan waters and put & stop to all British trade with Venezuela. Added to this is the apprehension as to | whether or not Germany would be will- | ing to accept the status of a belligerent | blockade, which would entail the stop- page of her trade also. Henry Norman, M. P., in a newspaper article published this morning, in which he emphasizes the dangers of the posi- tion into which Germany Is dragging Great Britain, contends that the only safe | and dignified course for Great Britain is 1o seek satisfaction through co-operation with the United States. Mr. Norman asserts that “serious and urgent warnings, private in their origin, but virtually omecial in their destination, have been cabled from the United States during the last few days.” Mr. Norman's opinion reflects a very widespread feeling with regard to the | Anglo-German agreement and concerning the question of how the United States ! would view the existence of a state of warfare between the powers and Vene- | newspapers this morning ask: | would happen should Germany to seize Margarita Island as a ase for the blockade?” | The Dafly News in an editorial article | the new European erce a bankrupt re- | blic, but is a revolt against the Monroe | “What doctrine.”” The Times this morning gives great | prominence to a letter from Sir Robert | Giffen declaring that the Foreign ()fl\we1 blundered 1n associating IIEG‘“‘ Germany against Venezueja. 'Sir obert ¢ ends that a blockade will be a bankrupt State, while he customs will be tanta- xation and full of danger, considering the pecuiiar relations of Ven- to the United States. th continues the writer, “how- h we may bring Venezuela to its | no solvent Government will re- n with which to deal ir Robert strikes his most alarming | he refers to the danger of Germany embrofling Great Britain with | T'nited States. He belleves that G would not hesitate to occupy \'cn.-[ n territory, d he thinks the less said about British claims the better. H= ibts if Great Britain has any 1 claims against Venezuela, and concludes with these wc 3 “*The best cours t azards and at the utm ment for the injured note when Times, . without indorsing Sir | end while it re- | of Germany, not hide from fteelf either the contingcat difficulties in- | this most disagreeable under- | suspicion volved taking. The education bill having passed all its stages yesterday. Parliament will be pro- rogued to-day. Consegently no Informa- on concernirg Venezuc'a will be gath- from the Ministers except as Par- slamentary papers are occasionally issued. A dispatch to the Dail Telegraph from The Hague says that a'l rumers that Holland is acting against Venezuela at least premature. The Dutch Govern- ment intends to remain strictly neutral, A dispatch to the Daily Mail from | Willemstad, Curacao, dated December | | 17, says the Venezuelan rebels are ap- sroaching Valencla The population of Caracas President Castro to resign. It is rum- | ored in Willemstad, say= the :nrr»-mn4x.| i, that the President is in hiding. | It is reported that British marines ha’:el is urging | landed at Cludad Bollvar, on the Orinoco. Administration Has No Fear That America Venezuelan Embroglio as Defender of Monroe Doctrine. an hour dis It was that Bowen was charges. He had near and was feeding ti that it would serve as a « case the La Guaira was a No further orders went forward to Admiral Dewey to-day, but Secretary Moody expects to v his order for the distribution of the vessels of the combined fleet. to the present moment he has not reached any settled determination as to any one ship. e at the department upon the detention of the big battleship Wiscon- have ready by to-mor No comment is mad sin at San Francisco, which tensive Continued From Page 1, Column 7. ant from Caracas, when he arrives upon the scene. to be ‘sent to the " Puget %3 |GERMANY HAS NO DESIGN3 UPON MARGARITA ISLAND ERLIN, Dec. 17.—A formal notifi- cation of the Venezuelan coast by the war ves- sels of the allled powers Is likely to be issued to-morrow. It is un- derstood that ships of the United States Will Be Dragged Into| stated at the Navy Department that one reason for sending the officers to Caracas Imost overwhelmed by the amount of work imposed upon him by his many all of the English residents in Caracas domiciled in the American legation m from his own table. As for the torpedo boat destroyer it was pointed out patch boat to keep Bowen in touch with the nearest cable were cut. cable station in Up Sound drydock to6 be ‘ex- y repaired. It is stated, however, that no orders have been given to the ship to proceed to hmus, from which she only recently returned. There will be no efiort on the part of this Government to resist a war blockade of the Ven- block: British Parliament by, the authorized representatives of the British Government, would be suffi- cient, it coast against merchant ships. Custom requires that due notice shall be given of the de, and that fact, taken in connection with the declarations that have been made in the is said, to justify all neutral nations in understanding that a state of war does now actually exist. This might, in the end; reguire the issue of a proclamation of neutrality by President Roosevelt, but this, it is stated, would not be timely now. Senor Ojeda, the Spanish Minister, and Baron Moncheur, the Bcfigian Minister, have not received official advices relative to the joint note their Governments have addressed to President Castro asking that in the event of a settlement of the claims of the allied powers Spain and Bel- gium be given similar treatment. The Spanish Minister denies that there is the slightest proba- bility of further action on the part of Spain, unless riots in Caracas make it necessary for the Span- ish Minister to withdraw. Minister Ojeda does not expect this, 'in view of the strong ties of friendship that exist between his Government and the South American republics. Jaron Moncheur regards the position of his country as thus far neutral, but in case circum- stances change this attitude it is likely that Minister Bowen will be requested to look after Bel- gian interests in the Venezuelan capital. Belgium having no navy, it will not be possible for that country to join in the naval demonstration of the allied fleet. The only cablegram received at the State Department from Minister Bowen overnight was the announcement that the Italian Minister at Caracas had requested him to take charge of Italian interests in Venezuela, which"under the State Department’s instructions he was about to do, and the Minister was leaving Caracas. This cablegram “was sent from Caracas last night) Bowen'’s position is realized to be one of extraordinary difficulty. He is now in charge of the interests of Great Britain, Germany, Italy and Holland, besides those of the United States, and may be called upon to take charge of those of the remainder of the European countries, with the possible exception of France, which remains on pleasant relations‘with Venezuela. blockade of the| those of other nations. | unaccompanted as it is by a guarantee to | be sent through Minister Bowen. will be on precisely the same basis as rmany considers that President Cas- tro’s proposal to arbitrate s inadequate, pay If the arbitrators decide against him, and a reply In that sense has been or will | Great Britain will make a similar answer. The Forelgn Office here denfes explicit- | o ly that the German squadron In Venezu- elan waters has orders to seize Margar- ita Island, adding that no occupation of | the territory of Venezuela will occur. The Foreign Office officials allege that | | & systematic effort is apparently being | made to represent Germany as the pro-| pelling power In the coercton of Vene- zuela and as belng. responsible for all the | harsh measures, For instance, they say | the bombardment of the forts at Puerto | Cabello 1s ascribed to German Initiative, | whereas the officlals say without reser-| vation that the bombardment was at the | British commander's suggestion. The German commander participated in the | firing as a loyal ally. The German Government is not Insist- ing on more severe measures than the original plan contemplated and regards | the sinking of the “two diminutive, wholly unseaworthy craft” as an *in- significant incident.” o A ITALY FAVORS ARBITRATION. Rome Government Will Follow Lead | of England and Germany. ; ROME, Dec. 17.—The Itallan cruiser Agordat has been ordered to proceed at once to Venezuela. . The rejection by Venezuela of the Italian ultimatum was expected; conse- quently the announcemert that this had | been done created no sensation and no surprise. During the day frequent com- munications were exchanged between Italy and Great Britain and Germany on | the question of arbitration, The friendly attitude of the United States {s particularly appreciated . here. Opirion generally favors arbitration, al- though it is understood that Great Brit- aln and Germany are the leaders by rea- son of their priority in the present action. ~—— FRENCH MARINER'S PLAINT. Declares British Blue Jackets Wan- tonly Destroyed Property. LA GUAIRA, Dec. 17.—The French steamer Odsun, which was captured De- cember 1, by British' marines when the allles took possession of the Venezuelan | gunboats, was handed over to her own- ers to-day and towed Into La.Gualra. The delivery of the Osgun was obtained by the French Charge d'Affaires, M. Qulvroux. ‘The captain of the Osstin asserts that cer- tain articles on his ship, the property of himself and his crew, have been wan- tonly destroyed. He has lodged a com- plaint. The steamer is leaking badly. T RIVA LEAVES CARACAS. CARACAS, Dec. 17.—The Itallan Min- ister left Caracas this morning. At § o'clock, . Minister Bowen went to the Itallan legation in & state carri companied by Secretary Russell took Signor de Riva and the Itallan Consul, Bignor Gazzurelll, and conducted them to the railroad station, whero they were met by the leading Ttalian residents of this city. Bowen then accompanied the Min- ister to his car, shook hands with him and handed him papers and cigars for bis joarney to La Guaira. - . .. - ] rum/STE R IN A | STREET JSCENE IN LA GUAIRA. VENEZUELA | | CARACAS; SPANISH MINISTER TO WASHINGTON, AND A VIEW IN | LA GUAIRA, THE PORT THAT IS | — | NOW BLOCKADED. | ORIGIN AND APPLICATIONS OF THE MONROE DOCTRINE HE annunclation.of the principles | on which the United States would | stand with regard to the attempts of any Furopean power to acquire any or additional territory on the American continent or adjacent Isiands is | generally known as the “Monroe doc- trine”” and accredited to President Mon- | roe. This is due to the fact that Mon- | roe's déclaration was made in the face of momentous events transpiring on the | other side of the Atlantic, which gave it at once a place of ‘the highest Interna- tional importance. ‘The underlying principles set forth in the \ Monroe doctrine were first enunciated by Prestdent Madison and were reasserted by his several suctessors as occasion re quired—by Presidents Monroe, Tyler Polk, Buchanan, Jonnson, Grant, Cleve- | land and Roosevelt. President Jefferson !n his message to Congress on January 3, 1811, while dis- cussing o threat on the part of Great Britafn to take possession of a part of Florlda claimed by Spain, sald: 1 recommend to the consideration of Congress the reasonableness of & declaration that the United *Stites’ could not see without serious inquietude any part of a nelghboring territory in which' they .have in different reapects so deep and_so just a concern pass from the hands of Spain Into those of any other foreign power. No move was made toward the selzure of a part of Florlda by Great Britain at | the time, but in 1814, with the consent of Spain, the British took possession of Pen- sacola. In November of that year Gen- | eral Jackson captured the place and ex- pelled the garrison. 'ERATED BY MONROE. e Monroe doctrine, as enunciated by Président Monroe In his message to Con- gress on December 2, 1823, substantially reiterated Presldent Madlson's declara- tion and set forth the principle and the position of the United States more fully. The declaration then had a pecullar fit- ness. After the overthrow of Napoleon the allied sovereigns of France, Prussia, Austria and Russia jolned in what was known as the “Holy Alllance” to suppress revolution and uphold the divine right of Kin, H ng restored to Ferdinand the royal prerogatives of which he had been de- prived by the Cortes three yvears before, they proposed to ald him in reducing to obedlence those colonles of his in Amer- ica which had revolted and declared thetr independence and which independerice had been recognized by the United States. | of the pewers, the message declared: | position for the purpose of oppressing them or + It was to this condition that the decla- ration of President Monroe was addressed. Referring to the threatened intervention We owd.it; therefore, to candor and to the amicable relations existing between the United States and thoge powers to declare that we should corgider any attempt on their part to | exterd : thelr systemi to any portion of this hemisphere as - dangerous to our peace and eafety. With existing colonles or depegdencies ny. Furopeun power we have not interfersd shall not interfere; but with governments which ‘have declared their Independence and maintained it, and whese independence ws have on great conslderation and on just principles acknowledged, we could not view any inter- controlling In .any other manner their destiny by any European power In any other, light than #s the manifestation of an unfriendly dispo- sitlon toward the United States, In another paragraph of thé same mes- age President “Monroe, referring to the settlement of boundary questions between ingland and Russla on the northwestern coast, said: Asserting as a_principle in which the right: and Iuterests of the United States are i volved that the American continents, by the frec and independent condition they ave as- sumed-a ain. are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European, powers, This declaration had the desired effect, and no’ attempt was made by the “holy alliance™ ‘to ‘reconquer ‘the Spanish-Amer- fcan states. RECOGNIZED BY ENGLAND. 1t is said that Mr. Canning, the British Premier, suggested.to John Quincy Ad- | ams the promulgation of the Monroe doc- trme. The British Ministry fully ap proved and assented to ft. President Tyler In a message on Decem- ber 20, 1842, in reference to the Sandwich Island id that this “Government seeks nevertheless no pécullar advantages, no exclusive conttol over the Hawallan Gov- ‘ernment, but is content with its independ- ent existence, and anxiously wishes for its security and prosperity. President Polk in his message to Con- gress on December 5, 1845, referring to the proposition of some of the powers of Eu- tope, in view of the rapld extension of territory of the United States, to main- tain a “balance of power” on this cou- tinent to check our advancement, said: The United States, sincerely desirous of pre- serving relations of good und with all nations, cannot In silence permit any Euro- pean interference on the North American con- tinent, and, should any such Interference be ;mmgted. will be ready te resist it at all azards. Speaking of the ceasion of California the United States by Mexico, De: to. WARSHIPS MAY AGAIN BOMBARD Fort San Carlos Fears an Attack by the Allies. Revolutioniists Under Ramos Invade Rio Chico. ARIS, Dec. 18.—The Caracas corre= spondent of the Matin says: “It 18 announced that the allies intend to bombard- Fort San Carlos, in the gulf of Maracaibo, to-day. Sixteen hun- dred revolutionists under Gereral Ramos ave entere: o Chico, in the state of Miranda. President Castro and ‘El Mo- cho' Hernandez met to-day and assured each other that they would forget the past.”” M. Thiesse, formerly Minister of Francs to Venezuela. who negotlated the conven- tion of 1885 and who has lived many years in Venezugla, has been interviewed con- cerning thie situation there. He said: Venezuela can put 400,000 men in the fleid, and even forelgners there are liable for mil- ifary s2rvice. The regular Venezuelan army numbers only 10.000 men. A number of the younger officers acquired their education in tLe military schools of France and Germany. ‘The Venezuelans are armed with Martini and Rem- ington rifles and have a few Maxim and Krupp guns. They have mo cavalry. Caracas is almost impregnable, ‘owing to the fact that it is situated on the side of a mountatn range about 6000 feet high. These mountains are impassable -except by steep mule paths. waere twenty men could stop a Whole regiment. There is a railroad from La Guaira to Caracas, but the destruction of a single bridge would render the line useless. If by a miracle Caracas were taken the Ven- ezuelans would wage a guerrilla warfare, as they did against Svalin, @ il FATE OF VENEZUELA Continued from Page 1, Column 4. But there has been a change of feeling, and prominent men of Venezuela who were at one time ready to lead the peopls in defense of their country now consider that justification to take the men of the republic away from their familles and thelr work does not exist. They have re- sclved to discover a means to bring about arbitration, or, at least, to treat with the ailles. The means sought is thought to He through the United States..legation and satisfactory results are expected. A member of the Ministry said to-day: ““The United States has not prevented the ailies aseailing us, but it has obliged them to_accept our. terms.” he blockade of La Guaira, notification of which, in the names of Great Britain and Germany, was communicated to the Venezuelan Government on December I, went into effect to-day. The order ap- plles to Venezuelan vessels only. Rumors have been in circulation here lately of the capture of the last Venezue- lan gunboat, the Miranda, at Maracaibo by the German cruiser Falk. It is now re- perted, however, that the Miranda has tzken refuge in the lake of Maracaibo and that all the guns and ammunition which were on board have been disem- barked. R e e i L ) 1847, President Polk said: $hEF Should any forelgn government attempt to possess it as a colony, or otherwise incorporate it with itself. the principle avowed by Presi- dent Monroe in 1824, that etc., etc., must be maintained President Polk again in a massage of April 29, 1848, referring to appeals of the people of Yucatan to Spain and Great Britain as well as the United_ States for otection against the interift savages, said: According to our established pol- icy we could not consent to a transfer of this ‘dominion and soverelgnty” either to Spain or Gréat Britain or any other European power, President Buchanan in a message ow Deccember 6, 1338, speaking of the unsets tled condition of affairs in Mexico and the probability of interference by European powers, said: It is & duty which we owe to ourselves to protect the integrity of Its territory against the hostile interference of any other power. Again, December 3, 1360, he said that the obligation rested upon us “of resisting even by force, it this becomes necessary, any attempt by these governments (Eu- ropean) to deprive our neighboring repub- Mlc of portions of her territory—a duty rom which we could not shrink without ubandoning the traditional and establish- ed policy of the American people.” MAXIMILIAN'S DOWNFALL. In 1865 the notification to France from Mr. Seward, Secretary of State, that the United States propesed to uphbld the Monroe doctrine and the movement of trcops by General Grant to the Rio Grande caused the withdrawal of the French troops sent to support Maximil- lan’s attempt to set up a European dy- nasty in Mexico and the downfall of that Prince soon followed. President Grant in his message of May 31, 1570, referring to San Domingo and speaking of adherence to the Monroe doe- trine, said: I now deem it proper to assert the equally important principle that hereafter no territory on this continent shall be regarded as subject to transfer to any European power. In two subsequent messages, Decem- ber 5. 187, and April 5, 1871, President Grant reiterated his determination to up- hold the Monroe doctrine, ™ President Cleveland, in his of December 2, 1895, referring to refusal of Great Britain to agree to arbitration of her Anglo-Venezuelan boundary dis- pute, sald: - AS a consequence the United States is oo, PR, SIS, B metin 2 o Tikhts and -against the Witk of - Venezuela. Agaln, on December .17, 139, referring to the proposals for arbitration of the toundary dispute and discussing the at- titude of the two powers comcerned, he said: o The dlspute has reached such a stage as to make it incumbent on the Unitsd States to take measures to_determine with sufficient certalnty for its fustification (In st el Wherel proposed) what is the true isional line Between the republic of Venesuela and Hritish_Guilana. * * ¢ such a report is made ‘and accepted it wilt be, in my opin~ lon, the duty of the United States to resist the exercise of governmental any territory . wl have determined T! ezuelan dispute by the arbitration com- mission sitting at Parls in 139 Is a mat~ ter of kecent tory. Congress views of his predecessors and says that the Monroe doctrine shobld be 01": as the cardinal feature of American cign policy,” and recommends full prep- aration to uphold' it, ~ - - Surisdiction Gver hich, al Inve we of right belongs to Venezuela, ) LOCKADE final adjustment of the Anglo-Ven- o~ P2