The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, October 31, 1901, Page 6

;l‘HL'RSDA\' ........ es.......OCTOBER 31, 1901 JOHN D. SPRECKELS, Proprietor. Lééress All Communicstions to W. 8. LEAKE, Mamager. MANAGER’'S OFFICE........Telephone Fress 204 e e o e e L S PUBLICATION OFFICE...Market and Third, S, ¥. Telephone Press 201. EDITORIAL ROOMS. ....217 to 221 Stevenson St. Telephone Press 202. Delivered by Carriers, 15 Cents Per Week. Single Copies, 5 Centn. Terms by Mail, Including Postage: DAILY CALL Cncluding Sunday), :— year.. All postmasters are authorized to recelve subscriptions. Bample coples Will be forwarded when requested. Mall subscribers in ordering change of address should be perticolar to give both NEW AND OLD ADDRESS in order %o ineure a prompt and correct compliance with thelr request. PAKLAND OFFICE. .1118 Broadwxy €. GEORGSE KROGNESS. Manager Foreign Advertising, Marguetts Building, Chicago. Qcng Distance Telephone “Central 2612.”') NEW YORK CORRESPONDENT: E.C.CARLTON...cc.ccvvueesss..Herald Sguare NEW YORK REPRESENTATIVE: STEPHEN B. SMITH........30 Tribune Dullding CHICAGO NEWS STANDS: Shermen House: P. O. News Co.; Fremont House; Auditorivm Hotel. EBRANCH OFFICES—52 Montgomery, corner of Clay, open ©otil 9:30 o'clock. 300 Hayes, open until 3:30 o'clock. €33 McAllicter, open until 9:30 o'clock. €15 Larkin, open until #:30 o'clock. 181 Mission, open until 10 o'clock. 2261 Market, corner Eixteenth, open until § o'clock. 103 Valencia, open untll § o'clock. 106 Eleventh, open until § o'clock. NW. corner Twenty-second and Kentucky, open until 3 o'clock. 2200 Filimore. open until § p. m. The Great Grand Ope: > Grand Opera- —Grand opera, commencing November 11. Alcazar—* Tennessee’s Pardner.”” Columbia—*The Henrjetta.” “hutes, Zoo and Theater—Vaudeville every afternoon and Fischer’ s—Vaudeville. Recreation Park—Basehall. Sutro Baths—Open nights. AN UNFOUNDED CLAIM MONG the few intelligible utterances made by Mr. Wells in this campaign is a claim that it e to him that $223,000 has been saved to The claim has been repeated by Mr. Samuel Shortridge, who in a speech at Metro- an Temple said: “We hear of a surplus of $223,- o The Board of Supervisors sought in v ‘way to secure the money, which had been set for the payment of interest and bonds, the final judgments against the city and of . the outstanding ed debt. Who saved this money to the city? It wa Wells. He, the watchdog of the treas- A the city treasury. Asa R. aved that surplu aking that claim Mr. Wells and his orator are doing something very much like trying to obtain votes by false pretensés. Last year a tax was levied to meet an 2ppropriation of $208,500 to meet sinking: fund and i t account of six months on contem- plated bonds for panhandle and other proposed im- provements. From the statements made by Wells and Shortridge it appears the tax levy paid into the treasury the sum of $223,000, an amount much in ex- he appropriation. The money® was collected by the Tax Collector, was paid by him to the Treas- urer, and sho now be in the possession of that of- ficial. ' The Auditor has had no opportunity nor occa- sion to save it. He is neither its collector nor its dian. He is merely cognizant of its being in sury. t present it is out of reach of the Auditor and will so unless by legislation or by an order of a court he be authorized and empowered to draw war- rants upon the fund to which it stands accredited by force of the tax levy under which it was taken from the Until some legislation or court ac- tion be had it is more than-likely that this money intended for a sinking fund will be found to_be a sunken fund. The law of the State empowering Boards of Su- pervisors to levy taxes for bonded indebtedness says that money obtained thus shall be applied to no other purpose. The charter denies the transfer’ of such funds to any other fund or use. - The Supreme Court has decided that the elections and proceedings upon which the levy was based were illegal. standing all of which law, Mr. Wells claims to have saved the fund and Mr. Shortridge supports him in the claim and with an oratorical flourish describes him as the watchdog of the treasury, who saved for us the $223,000. cess ¢ cust the taxpayers. Booker T. Washington’s dinner with President Roosevelt has set the people of Washington to searching for precedents, with the result that we have stories of Lincoln inviting Frederick Douglass to Junch and of Jefferson inviting 2 negro mathema- tician named Banneker to dine with him at the White House, which Banneker did. The most curious story of all, however, is one to the effect that a year or so ago Representative Sprague of Massachusetts invited his colleagues of the District of Columbia Committee to dine with him, and the invitation included Mr. White, the negro Representative from North Caro- lina. When the invitation of the colored man became known every other member of the committee ;ent his regrets on account of a previous engagement, and the dinner didn't take place. —_— VYale claims to have contributed to public affairs more men in proportion to the whole number of her graduates than any other university in the country, to which boast Harvard retorts scornfully by direct- ing attention to the fact that in the domain of let- ters Yale has given to the country only Fenimore Cooper, N. P. Willis and Clarence Steadman, and suggesting that it would have been better if Yale had graduated fewer politicians and more scholars, Assistant Attorney General Beck has suggested that the secret service department of the Government em- ploy men not only to hunt down counterfeiters, but to supply an adequate guard for the higher officials of the Government, and it is probable an appropria- tion may be made for that purpose. From the kind of gang with which they have sur- rounded themselves it seems evident that it is the intention of Herrin and Burke to first fling the town wide open and then icot it Notwith- Great Northern Hotel: | THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 31, THE CLASS TICKET. T the mass-meeting held by the candidates on the class ticket at Metropolitan Hall on Tuesday, all appearance of interest in the whole community was aban- doned, and the ticket was put forward in the interest of a supposed distinct class, . A which has chosen to create itself and in politics to separate itself from the rest oi the people. ; None of the speakers understood or practiced the noble rhetoric of understate- ment. Those mistaken men selected the worst social conditions known to history and de- clared the conditions in this country to be worse than any heretofore known by man. Every speech was a distinct declaration of war upon society. This was done with a bitter- ness of invective and a surplus of vituperation seldom heard in a public meeting. It is true, of course, that the speeches were madeby the defeated leaders in the recent strike, and were therefore naturally in the form of a demand for vengeance. The attacks made upon the officers of the law, for enforcing it, were savage to a degree that should teach all sen- sible and law-abiding people that government cannot be 'safely entrusted to men in whose behalf such things are said. Jh One of the speakers declared that “industrial absolatism,” whatever that is, had led to “political absolutism,” whatever that is, and “brought about conditions which ren- dered possible a Coxey’s army, walking across alkali‘deserts to civilization.” All such stuff goes with the people to whom it is addressed. It is a gross and seri- ous misstatement. The conditions that began in 18¢3 were not local to California. They were general throughout the Union. The panic of 1893 had ruined tens of thousands of employers and suspended the employment of labor. To say that this was a local condition only is untrue. Coxey’s army was organized in Ohio, by a political charlatan, and did not march across alkali deserts; it lived on the country for awhile on its way to Washington and there evaporated. This speaker says it marched ‘to civilization, implying that it started here under uncivilized conditions and crossed :alkali deserts to better things. But the absence of truth and logic made no difference to the men that listened, and who became enthusiastic when told that-they are slaves. The candidate for Mayor de- clared specifically that the police would not be permitted to protect workingmen from violence on trucks and drays. If not on trucks ard drays, where else? Early in this campaign we called attention to the danger implied in the running of any class ticket. We again sound the warning. Of course that ticket can receive only a minority of the total vote, but if that minority be a plurality, a plurality elects, and let no one hope that the savage threats made by those infuriated leaders will be forgotten, or the vengearice for which they thirst be left unexecuted. The Registrar estimates that the total vote will'be about 56,000, a great reduction upon the registered vote. In that vote it is possible for 18,800 votes to elect a Mayor, and under the charter the Mayor is the government. He can dismiss without charges every governing board in the city. He can make over new the police, school, public works and civil service boards. He can thereby change the Chief of Police and the entire force. In fact under the charter system every officer and employe in this city practically holds office subject to the will of the Mayor. Even the civil service regulations are pow- erless to protect the’ classified service against the rapacity of a Mayor who demands that his “class” shall run the government of the city in its exclusive interest. The expressionsat the class meeting on Tuesday simply emphasize our advice given early in this campaign. It is evident to every observer that Mr. Tobin is the only reg- time for entire frankness. We perfectly well understand what it means for us to openly give this advice against the infuriated leaders of the class movement, but we understand as clearly that our advice is as much for the protection and prosperity of the men led by those leaders as for any other members of the community. We have “toward them no such malignant feeling as their leaders express toward us and the merchants, manu- facturers and business then of this city. We realize clearly that in defeating their perni- cious class ticket the city is saving them. We want them saved, and for that reason advise the plumping of votes. If a Mayor is elected to carry out the views and principles ex- pressed by them on Tuesday night, San Francisco will not soon recover from the blow, and labor will be the first and longest sufferer. : With what light we have and guided only by a desire for, the city's welfare-and to further the interests of the whole community, we regard the support of Mr. Tobin as the only means of escape from the peril threatened by the savage agitators. A WORD, MR. WELLS. N your speech Tuesday you assumed a heart to heart attitude. You said: “I take a glass of beer now and then and a drink of whisky, and I always keep the finest kind of liquors in my own house.” : Nobody is cutious about what you eat or drink, or what liquors you keep at home. When you take a glass of beer is not in issue. At your age, and it is an honorable age, an occasional glass of whisky may do you no harm. But the people don’t care when you take a drink. What they want to know is where you take your orders. They want to know who ordered you to stay on the ticket when you said you would go off. Who was it, Mr. Wells? Don’t confuse the issue by talking about swilling swipes or clinking the cannikin. We will admit that you take the occasional glass of beer and red liquor. and high quality in order to dismiss your drinks and your sideboard from the campaign. In the same speech. you introduced another issue by boldly declaring: “One place downtown I was in business thirty-five years.” We admit that. It is a geographical ‘ssue and you can prove it by the directory. But what has it to do with this campaign? There are gentlemen in this city who have done business in one place forty years. They also take an occasional glass of beer, even steam beer, aad of whisky, and carry a little stock, at home. So you are not the only man who has done business at the old stand for thirty- five years, nor the only one that drinks no longer water, but takes a little something rosy for his stomach’s sake and his often infirmities. So these are not reasons why you should be elected. After raising these issues of locality and refreshment, you said: “But after all, ladies and gentlemen, it depends upon the man largely. upon what we will do with these great public questions.” Now that is true, and the people want to know who the man is. If you will tell them the man who ordered you to stay on the ticket when you said you would get off, and who made you indorse a Supervisor’ticket that you said was so bad that if it had been nominated first you would have declined to run, that ’s the man upon whom they must de- pend. Is it Mr. Herrin? If so they will be happier for knowing it. Is it Martin Kelly? Who is it? These questions have been asked of you, and you answer them by telling what you drink, where you did business and where you were born. Remember now; we admit you were born, that you did business in one place thirty-five years, and that you are not skinbound in the matter of good tipple. We admit it all, Mr. Wells, to save you the trouble of repeating, and to economize your breath for answering what the pzople want to know. ; Who is the man upon whom they must largeiv depend? He has a big fingar in your little political pie, Mr. Wells, and has mussed it up so that the people don’t want to eat it. \ . It is stated that the conservative officials of the Chi- | Down in Missouri there is said to be a city Mar- ular*candidate who can win, and he only by general support of the community. This is aj/‘ will not dispute that your domestic supply of liquor is no common stuff. We admit its! nese Government have determined to recall from this country Wu Ting-fang because they look upon his popularity here as a proof that he is not loyal to China. In this country Wu's popularity with certain influential circles in the East is looked upon as evi- dence that he is doing a good deal more for China than this country can stand, and, accordingly, his re- tirement will suit us as well as it suits the Ghinese conservatives. —_— The British income tax gatherers could find in the United Kingdom last year only twelve persons and eighty firms with incomes in excess of $250,000. In this country it is probable that New York alone could make a bigger showing. It is to be hoped that Buller will imitate Schiey and ask for a court of inquiry. _Wefipre not hogs c;m‘qgjg to wish to keep things of that kind all to ourselves. " 'The woman who shal who has drawn on the station-house floor a chalk mark sixty feet long, and any person arrested for drunkenness is required to try to walk it. " If he makes the line straight and clear he goes free, but if not he is held to answer. The community is said to be sat- isfied with the method, and, in fact, some of them say it beats Solomon. " went over Niagara in a barrel has now admitted that she performed the feat not as an adventure but fop the sake of getting employment as a freak .at a dime rhuseum; and consequently those who called her a fool will please, retract and do jus- ticg to.her enterprise as an aspirant for celebrity. Congressman Cannon says he hasn't got $50,000 to put into. the fight for the Illinois Senatorship, and F may infer from the statement that he is out of the 7 Bl 1901. 'BEHEADING OF INSECTS | i \ | i IN INTEREST OF SCIENCE_ _———————————— _ * (4 | ks | EXTRAORDINARY EXPERIMENTS HAVE BEEN MADE BY A SCIEN TIST IN THE DECAPITATION OF INSECTS, GRASSHOPPERS, BUT- TERFLIES AND OTHERS, SHOWING WONDERFUL VITALITY i AFTER LOSING HEADS. * ks ! NOWING that the Academy of Medicine in Paris usually obtains the bodies of decapitated crimin- als for the purpose of experiment- | ing on them and especlally with the object of ascertaining to-what extent | motions are made by a body after the head has been separated from it, Signor Canestrini, an Italian scientist, thought hat it would be worth while to make imilar experiments on Insects, and for several months he has been devoting His attention to this work. | Collecting a number of insects, he cut off their heads and then carefully noted what took place in each case. Some of he insects made no voluntary motion after being decapitated, but when touch- €d or pinched gave every sign of life. | The crickets remained on their feet in a natural position, even when headless, but most of the other victims rolled over at once on their backs. Lively insects, like | bees and ants, remained almost com- pletely motionless after they had been de- | capitatead, <lapsed did they seem to ‘realize” they had lest their heads. The most surprising fact, however, is that Signor Canestrini saw butterflies fly cighteen days and a few crickets jump | thirteen days after decapitation and he | even says that the insect known as man- tis religiosa moved quite freely fourteen days after its head had been removed. The following table shows how long the various insects decapitated by him con- | tinued as a rule~for a few crickets showed much greater vitality than is here indicated—to move their heads and their 1 that PERSONAL MENTION. Dr. E. M. Gardner of Napa is spending a few days at the California. Ex-Congressman A. Caminetti of Jack- son registered at the Lick yesterday. E. J. Markel, proprietor of the Millard Hotel of Omaha, is staying at the Palace. A. H. Schnabel, a mining man of New- castle, registered at the Grand yesterday. | Clara Shortridge Foitz returned yester- day from a flying business trip to New | York. F. B. Mesick, a railroad man of New York, is at the Palace, accompanied by his wife. J. S. Slauson, the well-known banker of Los Angeles, is among the arrivals at the Palace. \ Frank A. Crassy, a banker of Modesto, is in the city on business, and has made the Lick his headquarters. J. N. Feal, a prominent attorney of Portland, Or., is staying at the Occiden- tal. He is accompaniea by his’ wife. Samuel Parker, the well-known Hawa- !iian planter, returned from Washington yesterday,- and is a guest at the Occi- f dental. W. A. Prendergrast, secretary of the Credit Men's Associaticn, arrived from New ‘York yesterday. He is staying at the Palace. ; 1 —_———— Californians in New York. | NEW YORK, Oct. 30.—The foiiowing Californians have arrived at the hotels: San Francisco—W. W. Chapin, at the Holland; H. H. Tracy and wife, at the Albemarle; F. C. Hotaling, at the Hoff- man; L. McMillan, at the Imperial; R. M. Meyer, at the Plaza; W. Roberts, at the Cosmopolitan. Los Angeles—N. G: Douglass, at the Victoria: €. H. Stone and wife at the Grand. PRSI — WRITES - WHILE ASLEEP. One of the most remarkable and puz- zling storfes of somnambulism is that which recently came to light in connection with a young clergyman at a trainng | college in New York, who was found to be in the habit of writing his sermons while fast asleep. The young man would get out of bed, secure paper, and compose and ‘write his sermons. On finishing a page he would read it out, when & word displeased him he would write a correction with great exactness. These somnambulistic sermons were well composed and correctiy written. Curious to ascertain whether the young man made use of his eyes, ti principal of the college put a card under his chin to prevent Lim seeing the paper. but he still continued to write. Not yet satisfled whether or not . could distinguish different objects placed before him, the principal took away the piece of paper on which he wrote and substituted several other &inds, at dif- ferent times, of various colors. He always percelved the change, because the pleces of paper were of different sizes. When a piece exactly like his own was substituted he used it, and wrote his corrections on the places corresponding to those of ais own paper. It was by this means that portions of his nocturnal compositions were obtained. i His most astonishing production was a piece of music written with great éxacti- tude. He used a cane for a ruler. The clefs, the flats and the sharps were all in their right places. The notes were all made as circles, and those requiring it were afterward blackened with ink. The words were all written below, but once they were in such very la characters ‘that they did not come y below their proper notes, and, ving this, “he erased them all and them over again p 3 S and not until some time had- X bodies after decapitation: DURATION OF THE MOVEMENTS. Movements Movements | | | | of the Body. of the Head. | Geotrupes stercorarius... 5 days 18 hours i Cetonta aurata 4 hours 1 Silpha_obscura days 12 hours | Harpalus 80 hours 10 hours | Butterflles 18 days Several hours Ants 30 hours 30 hours ! Wasps . 5 days 24 hours | Bees 40 hours Several hours | Bom 30 hours 3 hours | Flies 36 hours 6 hours ! Crickel 9 days 78 hours | Forficules 11 days 6 days | Grasshoppers . 8 days 43 h. & more Mantis religiosa 14 days 60 hours Pyrrhocoris apterus From this table it movements of the head are always of shorter duration than those of the body. In some insects, says Signer Canes- trini, the head and body remain extreme- ly sensitive up to the last instant of life. A cricket, if lightly touched, will raise itself immediately, and, if touched more tian once, will jump about. That the Lead is still alive is shown by the move- ments of the antennae. A moist and con- genial temperature tends to preserve the softness and vitality of the head and body, whereas a dry and ,warm temper- ature soon makes them rigid, fragile and insensible. This is most clearly seen in the case of crickets and grasshoppers, | for, if these insects are decapitated in cold weather and are then placed in moist ground they will live much longer than they would if they had been decap- itated in warm weather and had then been placed fn dry ground. L e e e I s . A CHANCE TO SMILE. ““Well,” asked the professor, -“did you attend our commencement and meet our | graduates?” “No,” answered the editor, “I didn't at- tend, but I've met them all, I guess. How many young men did you graduate this year?” “Two hundred and twelve,” answered | the professor. “Then one of them must be ill,” said the editor. “Up to date two hundred and eleven have been around to strike me for a job."—Indianapolis Sun. She was a girl of wisdom. He said to her: *“Do you love to wander in the moon- light?” “Yes,” she answered. “Because it saves tae gas.” Then he did some mental arithmetic, | thought it over and said: “Will you be mine?’—Chicago Journal. The'Rev. Anson P. Stokes Jr. is a golf player, with all his other charming ac- complishments. Yesterday in a match in the Connecticut Club, at New Haven, he defeated in the first round A. H. Chase of the Norwich Club. The match was nip and tuck, and Mr. Stokes came out a winner by 1 up. The plaudits of the “gallery” had died away and Mr. Stokes was receiving congratulations when one of his old Yale classmates stepped forward, threw his arm across his shoulders and exclaimed: “That was d—— good, wasn't it, Anson? The gallery was awed by the big D, but Mr. Stokes was quite calm. “Yes,” he said. “I am really surprised at myself.”— Holyoke Transcript. She—I see there’s a woman in Chicago who is offering $1000 to find an honest man. He—She’s different from a good many | women that I know. They'd be willing to give all they have to find any old kind of a man.—ChicagQ Record-Herald. The human being stood on the curb- stone watching the horse with a sun bon- net on. “I wonder,” said the human being, “why it is that I am embarrassed at the idea of wearing a shirt waist in this weather, while you don’t seem to care how absurd you lcok in that headgear?” “It is due to a mere accident of birth,” answered the horse, good naturedly. *Tt is in the nature of things that I should have horse sense.”—Washington Star. Mrs. Jumper was in a bad hu Things had gone wrong with her .ndn::;; was about to give Mr. Jumper a plece of her mind when she saw the sky darkening, and, looking out of the window, said: ‘“There’s a storm coming.” Mr. Jumper scratched his heaq, pertinently inquired: k .“Inside or out?’—Washington Star. Colonel Kekewich, during the siege of Kimberley, was approached ‘who asked: P o prtvate ‘“‘Colonel, when do you expect ing to get something to e:‘t‘e?" by bt “Eat!” exclaimed the <colonel “dia oin the army merel. . vl ju gt y y to get Something to “Well, that's abou cago Tribune. then t the size of it."”—Chi- Walnut and Pecan Panoche. Townsend. * Choice candies. Tonwsend's, Palace Hotel* —_——— Cal. Glace Fruit 50 per 1b at Townsend's + Townsend's California glace fruits, 5e & und, in fire-etcl Rets. "a nice prnz:(‘ !k::xu e by da- 639 Market street, Palace Hotel bullding s — lied datly to !.l.a Several hours | appears that the | SOME ANSWERS | TO QUERIES BY CALL READERS RICE—W., City. Rice thrown after a bride is a relic of the “panis farreus” in the most honorable form of marriage called “confarreatio.” ONION CULTURE—A. O. A, Saratoga, Cal. Under the most improved method of cultivation it Is claimed that 1000 bush- els of onions can be grown to an acre of ground. i | OLD PEOPLE'S HOME—H., Oroville, { Cal. The Crocker Old People’s Home is | located in San Francisco, corner of Plerce {and Pine streets. For admission therein address the superinteadent. SIN EATERS-S., City. “Sin Eaters” | was a name applied to Individuals hired | in ancient times to take upon themselves the sins of the deceased, that the soul | might be. delivered from pursatory. | BACK NUMBERS—J. 8., City. The cost i of back numbers of The Call Is 10 cents | for a copy one month old, increasing 35 ! cents per month for the preceding three | montns, then increasing 10 cents per ! month after that. OLD-TIME HOTEI—Old-timer, City. | The old-time International Hotel in | which David C. Broderick uttered the words which formed the basis of the chal- lenge to mortal combat by Judge Terry | was opened April, 1854, by Peck & Fisher. | POLICEMAN NICHOLSON—Subserib- | er, City. It was on the morning of Feb- | ruary 16, 1884, that John Nicholson, a | member of the San Francisco police force, was stabbed to death by a burglar he had caught in the act on Pacific street, near Jones. TRAINING SHIP—E., Stockton, Cal. A man who has reached the age of 22 cannot be placed on board of a United States training ship. Having attained his nfi- jority he Is a free agent and could not de placed in the United States navy against his will. HIGH SCHOOL—C., Sutter Creek, Cal. | A boy who has graduated from a gram- | mar school in California may enter a high | sehool. In San Francisco there is the | Lowell High School on Sutter street, near Gough, and the Polytechnic High School, corner’ of Bush and Stockton streets. ANARCHISM AND SOCIALISM—L. S., ‘ East Oakland, Cal. The difference be- tween anarchism and sociallsm is that the former favors the abolition of all forms of government and the latter ad- vocates a community of pfoperty so that each shall have an equal share and favors the abolition of rank. Anarehists and so- clalists are anarchists and socialists the world over. SEPARATE PROPERTY—Homestead, City. Not knowing all the circumstances that led up to your wife declaring a home- stead on certain property it is impossible | to give a positive answer to the question asked, but generally the wife has no right | to declare a homestead on the separate property of the husband, no more than the husbagd has on the separate property of the wife. | | | { THE OLD CLIFF HOUSE—OIld-timer, City. Captain James G. Foster was in 1860 a member ot the firm of Foster, Pat- ten & Terrey, owhers of the Interna- tional Hotel, on the north side of Jack- son street, between Montgomery and | Kearny. On June 1, 1363, Captain Foster took a lease of the old Cliff House and continued in charge until January 1, 184, DOGS ON BRIDGE—J. S., Yerba Buena Island, CAl. The reason that dogs are not allowed to cross the Niagara Falls itusp.nsion bridge unless carried is that they are a nuisance on a bridge and those in charge of the bridge have a right to suppress a nuisance. A dog crossing a bridge, ad lib., is an irresponsible ereatura and not controllable. Being such, a dog might be the cause of an accident that might result seriously. It is to prevent accidents from such a cause that dogs are barred. | “UNCLE SAM"—H. L. City. Uncle Sam as the representative of the United States has no other name. During the last days of the Revolution there was a contractor named Samuel Wilson, who received the stores for the army and navy of the United States and when such wers sent to him they bore the letters “U. S.* for United States. Some one asked the meaning of those letters and an individual i responded that as the goods all came to !Sam Wilson they stood for Unecle | Sam. In that way Uncle Sam was applied | to the United States. TATTOO MARKS—Ex-Sailor, City. Tat- too marks on the human body are deep- seated, as has been proved by an investi- gation made at Mount Washington Hos- | pital, Baltimors, some years ago. An in- | dividual who died there, shortly before | his death, willed his body after death to | surgeons in the hospital for the benefit | of sclence. Orwe of the surgeons, curious | to learn the depth of tattooing, experi- | mented on the arm and found that the design of what on the surface of the arm was a coat of arms was marked through the flesh as far as the bone. There was also discovered the trace of the figure on | the bome, but it did not penetrate the | bony structure. THROWING SHOES—W., City. The custom of throwing one or more oid shoes after the bride and groom either when i they go to the church or when they start | on their wedding tour is so old that the | memory of man stretches not back to the beginning. Some think it represents an assault and is a Hngering trace of the custom among savage nations of carry- | ing away the bride by violence. -Others think it is a relic of the ancient law of | exchange or purchase and that it former- {1y implied the surrender by the parents | of all dominion or authority over the daughter. This was a Jewish custom: | thus in Deuteronomy xxv: 519, we find | that the widow refused by the surviving brother asserted her independence by “loosing his shoes™; and in the stoty of Ruth it is told that it was the custom in exchange to deliver a shoe in token of renunciation. It was the custom in ancient times to place the husband's shoe at the head of the nuptial couch in asser- tion of his domination, and that he as- sumed the government of the household. LONG HAIR AND SHORT HAIR— A. A. W, Alameda, Cal. The custom of men cutting or having their hair cut is believed to have been inspired by the fol- lowing from I Corinthians xi:l4: “Doth not even nature itself teach you that if a man have long hair it is a shame unto Rim?" Homer wrote of the long-haired Greeks by way of honorable distinction. Subsequently the Athenian cavalry and all Lacedaemonian soldiery wore long hair. The Parthians and ancient Per- sians wore long flowing hair. The Franks 2nd anclent Teutons considered long hair a mark of high birth. The Goths looked on long hair as a mark of honor and on short hair as a mark of thralldom: so did the Gauls, for which reason Julius Cae- sar, when he subdued them, obliged them to cut their hair short in token of sub- mission. In England Judges, the Speaker of the House of Commons and at one time the Bishops, wore long hair, while criminals and paupers wore short hair. On the other hand Jewish priests during their time of service had their hair cut once a fortnight, and Roman slaves wore their hair and beard long, but shaved their heads when manumitted. Sall# who escaped from shipwreck shaved th - heads’as if manumitted from the sea. In ‘Ezekiel v:1 there is mention of a “‘barber's razor,” with instructions to “thou son of man to cause it to pass upon thine head * land upon thy beards”