The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, September 1, 1901, Page 6

THE SUNDAY CALL. Copyright, 1801, by 8. 8, MocClure Compeny. DEALS are subject to the same condi- tions of change as affect the material world. In no department of life would the ideals of past generations be sat- isfactory to the men and women of to- @ay. If their dreams could have come to pass in the lifetime of those who dreamed them they might have brought content- ment end happiness, but when, In the evo- lution of ages, they reached fulfiliment, a new generation had come into existence with ideals of its own. And so always we are looking toward the future to satisfy our longings, but through this endless struggle to attain the ideal the standards of humanity are lifted up, Since marriage is the most vital of the relations of life it should demand the no- blest ideals, but these are possible enly to the most highly developed men and wom- en. As this development increases the ideals, broaden and those of early days seem Inconceivably narrow. The man of the past was far more exacting in his re- Lessons That Will Teach You to P HE 8, 7,6,5, 4,8, 2 are led as fourth best cards, es an original lead. The leader must have exactly thres cards of the suit higher than the card led. It is understood that you 8o not open a suit originally of less than four cards; in every hand there must be sne four-card sult or more. As an exam- ple, you hold ace and three small trumps, the 8, 4, 2, three of each of the other suits, [t i well in this case to “stick™ to prin- ¢iple and open the hand with the 2 of trumps. That saysito partner, “This Is my only 4 card, suit; I have not three sonors in trumps,” and he will so under- stand it and will not return the trump, tnless it sufts bis bsnd. but will ip turn spen his Best suit, according to rule, A great many players think they must return the trump lead of their partner un- fer all cireumstances. In almost any other ead of trumps it is necessary, but if you :an determine from the card led that your partner nas opened trumps from four sim- »ly because it is the best his hand eon- :aing, and you have only one or two trumps and are weak in all the other suits, it would be very bad play to return the trump, for by so doing you say to rour partner (under those circumstances), “I can support this game,” which is not ‘he case. However, it is well to be sure ‘het he has only four; if he leads the 3 ind you hold the 2 you can also be sure htlu but four, but if he leads a higher card and you have not the lower ones, or they .do mot fall to the first trick, you may Infer that he has five trumps or more, and, of course, you will return his trump lead and leave the option with him of going on with the trumps. Ordinarily a partner will, if he has a great suit and is leading trumps to pr-iect it against ruffing, lead a card of his suit first and then a trump. Under those circumstances yQu ghould return the trump lead at the first opportunity if not vold. Holding ace, queen, 10, 7, 5, the lead, in plain sult of trumps, is the 7—being the fourth best card. Your partner leads the 7 of dlamonds— you holding king, knave, 2, play the king and return the knave, to which he plays the 6. 'You can read him with five dia- monds originally; if he had played the 10 he could have but four. The rule of leading the fourth best card is a very valuable rule for the informa- tion it imparts to partner: besides tell- ing him you have not a high card lead in your hand it tells him the exact numeri- cal strength you hold in that suit after the second lead. Suppose partner has shown you six spades. You open trumps and he shows you four trumps in his hand. Now, dla- monds are led and he follows suit three times. You must know he has not a club in his hand; iIf a trick here will make or Tve the game, you can give him a club quirements for a wife than was the lat- ter in hers for a husband, because his jvdgment and discrimination were more fully matured and also because he was in a position to “pick and choose.” It is idie for one who has no freedom of choice to make stipulations, and this was absolutely denied to the woman of the past. Unless she had money, and this was seldom the case In the “good old time,” she must marry or have a life of the most humiliat- ing dependence on relatives and friends. Even with ample means she was not per- mitted by custom to make an independent home of her own, but was forever com- pelled to prove “How salt the savor of another’s bread, How hard the passage to descend and climb By other's stalrs—" even though she paid for this privilege. The free, independent, greatly envied “bachelor maid” of to-day is a transfor- mation of the much-hampered, deeply-pit- fed “old maid’ of other days. If the father had not accumulated enough to leave her a competence, which was difficult in those times of small fortunes, she had no re- course except school teaching for a pit- tance or the unrewarded slavery of the needle. Even these oppotrtunities were few and her usual fate was the unpald, lttle-regarded position of the spinster drudge In the family of a married brother or sister, without honor and without prof- it, and with the general verdict of having made a failure of life. Under these circumstances It Is not strange that the vast majority of women would rather take any chances than those of “single blessedness.” But in those days, as now, the villages were denuded of young men, who were obliged to seek a livelihood elsewhere, and even in the larger places the marriageable men went to sea or to war or “out west” to find a fortune. With more prospective wives than prospective husbands, and with the . strong necessity for marriage on the part of women, it was out of the question to wait ‘for *ideal husbands’ ‘And. under such conditions. what sort of an ideal was a woman capable of forming? Without education herself. she was not fitted for an intellectual companionship. and, al- though she would feel a natural pride in any high position her husband might at- tain, she was little adapted to bear her share of its honors. In all ages_women have striven to em- body the ideal of themselves which men have cherished. and the latter have been 0 situated that they could search for the ideal wife, defer marriage until she was found, or, failing in the quest, lead useful, honored, independent lives, in no wise af- fected by the fact of never having wed- ded.; Man's-ideals in generfitions past were comprehensively expressed in the Thirty-first Proverb—virtue above all else, and then the perfect housekeeper, indus- trious, benevolent, God-fearing, at work before daylight In the morning and not letting her candle go out at night. For uncounted generatlons women strove to live up to the standard of this woman In the Proverbs, and if they fell behind oc- casfonally the preachers, the elders and the husbands pointed to the Good Book and spurred them on. ‘What sort of an ideal for a hushand these women were formulating in thelr minds, through all those generations, never will be Rnown, for the records wers kept by men and the opinfons of women wers not consldered worthy of a place therein. We may imagine, however, that it might have been comprised in a single sentence: The {deal husband Is the one who does not take advantage of the power which the law confers upon him. Leaving the centurles out of consldera- tlon, let us go back only fifty years and examine theé relative conditions of hus- bands and wives. At marriage the legal existence of the woman was blotted out forever, while the man added to his own all which she had lost. The two were one and he was the one, with the dual rights and privileges merged in himself. With the last words of the marriage ceremony all the property which she possessed, with its rents and profits, and all that might come to her by gift and inheri- tance, passed into his absolute control. She had spoken the vows which' made it impossible for her ever to own a dollar’s worth of anything while her husband “lived. She had entered into a partnership in which she was to give the services of a lifetime in exchange for her board and clothes, while her partner at his death could will to an outsider the full proceeds of jthe earnings of the two, except the use of/one-third of the real estate for life and a small portion of the personal property. Bhe could not hope by work outside to lay up sométhing for old age, as her earn- ings also belonged to her husband. Almost invariably a large famlily of chjldren followed marriage, but, although brought Into the wcrld at the peril of the mother’s life, and reared in toll and anx- fety, their guardianship was vested en- tirely in the father, and, without her con- sent, he could bind out the little ones, or dispose of them by will, even the unborn, to the utter exclusicn of the mother. Un- der these conditions was there room in the woman’s heart for any other ideal of a husband than ona who would not avail himself of the rights conferred by law? No provision was made for the educa- tion of girls, and, with the household de- mands on women beginning before day- light and lasting into the night. there was no opportunity for reading, study and de- velopment of the mind. As the wifs saw the mental gulf widen between herself and her husband, naturally she would not cherish an ideal of one who would be even stronger Intellectually. Since she was denled all participation in the church, except a timid recital in prayer meeting of an “experience’” which she never would have dared to give In full and since her religious nature was constantly appealed to in order to keep her submissive under her wrongs, =he certalnly would not create an i{deal man who should be stfll more devoted to the religlon of his fathers. She never would have formed an ideal of a more “master- ful” man, of one who would take greater pride An his position as the “head of the family.” Our foremothers kept no record of their fdeal man, not even on the faded pages of those little worn diarles, Wherever their brief, practical entries go beyond the details of the household expenses and the family {llnesses, into the realm of aspiration, it Is always In regard to the heavenly life. The conditions of this one they considered beyond remedy. But, un- derstanding’ the nature of woman, and knowing that her dearest hopes, her fond- est desires, are concentrated In the fu- ture of her children, we may welt belleve that these old-time mothers did dream of an’ideal husband for their daughters, and that, it interpreted, it would have read: “A man who wiil lift-woman up to a plane with himself.”” For the past two generations men have been approaching this ideal, slowly at first, and with extreme caution, but sati- isfled with the experiment, they have made practically no retrogressive steps, although there never has been a time when they did not have It in their power to withdraw all the privileges which hal been granted. With the new womanhood which has thus devéloped, the man's ideals of a wife have broadéned to in- clute many attributes whieh never would have occurred to his forefathers. Virtue fs still first In the list, but, before even the domestic qualities, the man of brains places an education. The modern man wants also a public-spirited woman, whose ideas reach beyond the limits of her own household. The highest ideal of his ancestors would by no means satisfy his own requirements for a wife. Woman is now, for the first time in all history, so situated that she can create an ideal husband and not be compelled to accept a substitute, and she has set the standard far beyond any that the woman of the past could have dreamed of. Her very first exaction that he should recog- nize her equality of rights, legal and do- mestic, would have thrown the forefathers into a fit of .apoplexy and paralyzed the foremothers, but the best type of manhood in the present generstion is not at all dis- turbed by this demand. He Is not like his ancestors, who placed their honor in the sacred keeping of the wife, but were very careful that she did not get a chance at the pocketbook. Her request that a portion of the family income be set apart for her sole use and and that she be not asked to give an account of the same does not seem unreasonable to him. I remem- ber dlstinetly, however, a case that came under my observation many years ago. A man of large means was very desirous of marrying a school teacher. He paid the most assiduous court; he used every pos- sible argument; and finally one day, when he had melted into tears and declared that his life would be ruined without her, she told him frankly that she did not like to give up her financial independence for the dependent cordition of all her married friends, but if he would secure to her the same income which she was now receiv- ing she would marry him. He dried his tears, asked a few days to think it over, went away :ind never came back! Such an idea was too preposterous to be enter- tained by men of past generations. The man of to-day does not find his equanimity very rudely disturbed when his blushing bride declines to promise at the altar “to obey.” He has rather more respect for her for not doing it. The old attitude of sovereignty on one hand and obedience on the other has largely disap- peared. Enlightened men no longer marry for, the purpose of getting a housekeeper, or with the sole object of raising a family of children, but through the desire of con- genlal companionship and with the inten- tion of stimulating the development of the wife along the lines for which she is best fitted. Thus far we have the ideal hus- band, not universally, but In sufficlent numbers to offer much hope for the fu- ture. An ideal husband will not come inte the presence of wife and children exhaling the odor of liquor and tobacco. In olden times it is doubtful if women would have dared form such an idea] as this, but already it is partly reached. Then liquor was on every sideboard, and ladies withdrew from the dinner table In order that gen- tlemen (?) might get drunk. Now the gen- tleman who gets drunk carefully conceals that fact from the ladles of his acquaint- ance. Where formerly the woman endured the intemperate husband as her inevitabls lot, the law now steps in and sets her free. . The abolition of the tobacco habit forms a part of the future ideal. The woman of to-day has a moral ideal. Bhe dreams of a time when thers shall be but one standard of virtue for the two sexes. Tts fulfillment s no more impossi- ble than what we already have seen. The attitude of soclety toward the immoral man is gradually changing. Like the drunkard. he is berinninz to cover hia tracks. His lapses are no longer a matter of pride. The new self-respect of woman is protesting against man’s deflance of the moral code and he is commenging to feel the effects of a soclal ostracism, which will increase as women grow stronger In melf-rellance. And here again the revised statutes come to the rescue of the wife and relieve her from that body of Nving death—a husband who Is unfaithful to his marriage vows. There never has been a time when man did not desire to find favor in the ayes of woman, to fulfill her ideal If it did not require too great a personal sacrifice. But until woman herself had reached a higher plane she could not make a loftier one for him. Her evolution has been slow and long and sorrowful: it is by no mewns complete, but it has been greater in \he last \fifty vears than in centuries which preceded. Until now man has seemed in- finitely ahead of her and her thought has been to attain his ideal of her, rather than to create one for him. But as she realizes more and more the possibilities which lis within herself, out of this very knowledgs comes the conception of a nobler manhood and’ of this she dreams—but a grander womanhood, too, Is always In her visfon. The ideal husband will stand first of all for the freedom of the wife. He will pro~ vide that marriage shall place upon her no more restrictions than It imposes upon him. He will treat her always as his equal in every respect, as his beloved compan- fon, his nearest and best friend. He will make his personal life as clean and purs as he desires hers to be. As his ideal motherhood is the one which he would have his daughters imitate, so he will em- body In himself a fatherhood which shall be the standard for his sons. Nevar until recent generations could women wait for this ideal, for it was only through the as- sistance of man that she could secure the necessities of life and a dependant cannot make terms, but it is no longer obligatory for any woman to sacrifice herself in mar- riage. She has, now for the first time, the power to choose, and already we have a finer type of manhood than the world ever before has known. The demand of women is responsible for this and, as its scops increase, it will continue to be met. In the fullness of time we shall have the ideal man and he will inciude within himself the 1deal husband, father, son and brother, Tiled kitchens, or those with a fine, hard paint finish are the ambition of every modern housekeeper. In such a kitchen, which Is a part of a costly home In New York, the cook explained to an admiring visitor the other day that he could stand with his back to the range and use the garden hose cver all the rest of the room, without the slightest Injury to the rcom,X’ and that he had done it more than once. The floor, walls and ceiling are tiled; sink tables, kneading-board, etc., are porce- lain, marble and glass, all impervious, of course, to any amount of water. Such kitchens, however, are very expensive and not for the average home until some cheaper waterproof material is dis¢overed or invented. To take a long drop from this 1deal standard the housekeeper of moderate income will find a useful substi- tute for the walls of kitchens, butlers” pantries and bathrooms in the marbled enameled cloth to be found at every house- furnishing counter. It can be fitted as neatly as paper if a little glue is added to the paste by which it is put on. It iz cheaper than paint, more durable tham even the waterproof papers, and as it comes now in marbled ‘and tiled designs it contributes a neat and attractive ap- pearance to the room in which it is used, this with white painted woodwork and a pretty floor covering.—Harper's Bazar. lay a Go SECOND INSTALLMENT IN THE SERIES OF SIX ARTICLES BY MRS- ADOLEH HESS OF THE SAN FRANCISCO to ruff, knowing positively that he can Tuft it. The 8 is the seventh card in rank, counting from either end of the suit. There are six cards higher than this card, three of which must bé in the leader's hand. There. are eleven combinations from which this card is led. Ace, queen, 10, 8; ace, queen, 9, 8; ace, knave, 10, 8; ace, knave, 9, 8; ace, 10, 9, 8 (one smaller or other card added to any one of these combinations would change it from a lead of the fourth best to an ace lead, s0 with these holdings exactly you must have but four in sult to lead the 8). WRIST QLUB. King, knave, 10, 8; king, knave, 9, §; king, 10, 9, 8; queen, knave, 9, 8; queen, 10, 8, 8; knave, 10, 9, 8. These leads are fourth best with any number of smailer cards. A and B are partners. A leads the 8 of diamonds. B, holding ace, queen and 9 of diamonds, knows his partner led from king, knave, 10, 8 exactly; if a regular lead he can safely pass the 8 led, knowing 1t will hold the trick. Or agaln, A leads the 8 of diamonds, B holding knave, 2, can pass the trick as the 8 must force the high card against or hold the trick, as his partner must hold ace, queen, 10, 8, and the king is against. Had B held ace, king, 10, 8, it would be a king lead, or had ke held king, queen, 10, 8, it would also be a kiflg lead, and under cerfain circum- stances you would lose a trick by putting up the knave. It can be readily seen how valuable it is to be familiar with the rank of a card led as a fourth best lead. You can often distinguish an irregular lead by ‘your own holdings to a fourth best lead. A, after several rounds, gets in the lead and deems it advisable to lead irregularly (all rules stand second to the fall of the cards); it may be inadvisable for him to continue his priginal leall or that of his partner or to put his partner in the lead; or it may be to ruff the suit led on the L] od Game second round. A's partner, if he holds any cards in the suit that tell him it is from the top of nothing, should play according- ly. Even if he has nothing in his hand to tell him the lead Is Irregular the positive and negative inferences he has drawn from the previous play will often enabla him to distinguish an irregular lead late in hand, when they are most liable to be made. A player must not pass an 8 led by part- ner simply because he has three cards of the suit higher if he can determine that the lead is forced or irregular. The possible combinations muitiply as you descend the scale: while the 8 {5 led from eleven combinations the? is led from twenty-four, and s0 on down the scale of the 6, 5, 4, 3. ‘When the 2 is led as an original lead it marks a suit of exactly four cards. The leader has possibly one four-card sult and three each pf the other sults, unless he has an exceptional hand. It I= an an- nouncement of weakness usually. A suit may be strong numerically, yet weak in high cards; still it is better to open a numerically strong suit as an original lead than to play out ace, king, queen of a sult of only three cards, as some one may have knave, 10, 9 guarded, and you have established that suilt for them in- stead of trying to establish your own long suit. When it is possible, keep command of your opponent’s suit until your own of Wl'fl'—S’é~ is established. In theory, it seems easy to establish a long suit, but in cold prac- tice with two skiliful opponents trying to prevent, it is a very different matter. Next week the lesson will be upon the follow, or second lead, and management of trumps. Pineapple Salad.—This is one of the best of all the fruit salads, served either dur- ing the meal or as a sweet course at the end, both of which forms are suggested. For the first, pick up the pineapple In rather large bits and put in a glass dish, and put strawberries over the top. Cover with French dressing and stand the dish on a platter on which is a quantity of broken ice. Or, to vary the salad, prepare as above, but pass mayonnaise with it besides the dressing. To turn this into a sweet dish and yet keep fits salad form, prepare the pineapple and cover it with powdered sugar and sprinkle it with the juice of a lemon. When ready to serve put Maraschino cherries over the top and pour the juice over all; serve in the ice bed as before. Mixed Fruit Salad.—Bits of pineapvle may be mixed also with orange, banana and preserved cherries and sugar and a little sherry of rum poured over all. This is most delicious if well chilled. Cherry Salad.—The California cherries which come in summer are chosen for this. They are stoned, laid on lettuce, sprinkled with powdered parsley and Frenc drw ing is poured over, and the whole is allo ed to stand for a little, when the juice is turned out and secon. Tima Cont. B coten Jos. st T Thaca minutes.—Harper’s Bazar, o