The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, July 18, 1901, Page 6

Che el Call. coeessns»JULY 18, 390K THURSDAY.. JOHN D. SPRECKELS, Proprietor Address All Communioations to W, MANAGER'S OFFICE. .+ Telepheo: PUBLICATION OFFIC Telephone Press 201, +..217 to 221 Stevenson St. one Press 202. EDITORIAL ROOMS Tel Delivered by Carriers, 15 Cents Per Week. Single Coples, § Cents. cluding Postage: DAILY CALL (including Sunday), one year. DAILY CALL (including Sunday), § months. 3.00 DAILY CALL (including Sunday), 3 months. 1.50 PDAILY CALL—By Single Month. . 65 EUNDAY CALL. One Year. - ::'0 WEEKLY CALL, One Year. . All postmasters are authorized to receive subscriptions. Sampls coples will be forwarded when requested. Mafl subscribers In orfering change of address should be particular to give both NEW AND OLD ADDRESS in order to insure & prompt and correct compliance with their request. OAKLAXD OFFICE..............1118 Broadway C. GEORGE KROGNESS. Mensger Foreign Advertising, Marquette Building. Ohiosgo (Long Distance Telephone “Central 2618.”) NEW YORK CORRESPONDENT: C. C. CARLTON....... «+...Herald Square NEW YORK REPRESENTATIVE: STEPHEN B. SMITH........30 Tribune Building NEW YORK NEWS STANDS: ‘Waldorf-Astoria Hotel; A. Brentano, 31 Unfon Square; Murray Hill Hotel. CHICAGO NEWS STANDS: Eherman House: P. O. News Co.: Great Northern Hotel: Grand Opera-house—*"The White Heathen.™ ntral—'‘Michael Strogoff.” Tivoli—*Babes in the Wool."” Orpheum—Vaudeville. Olympia, corner Mason and FEddy streets—Speclalties. Chutes, Zoo and Theater—Vaudeville every afternoon and evening. Fischer's—Vaudeville. Recreation Park—Baseball. Sutro Bathse—Swimming. AUCTION SALES. By F. H. Chase—This day, at 11 o'clock, Horses, at 1732 Market street By Wm. G. Layng—Tuesday, July 23, Horses, at 721 How- ard_street By Union Kyards Company—Monday, July 29, at 10 ouse Machinery, at Rodeo, Cal o'clock, Packing- THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, THURSDAY, HERRON'S SUOCESSOR. EV. GEORGE D. HERRON had a meteoric R career as an endowed and grubstalsed teacher of what he called “Christian socialism,” and ended the same by delertion of his wife, a divorce and partnership with the rich daughter of his rich patroness through a sort of jump-the-broomstick marriage. He began with an attack on the industrial system of the world because of its competitive fea- ture, and ended with an attack on clean and decent marriage. We by no means say that his social doc- trines gain or lose by his loose morality and light view of the marriage tie, but it has come to be a common thing that many who rave against social con- ditions are found to be at war with common honesty or common decency. Nearly every anarchist assas- sin has been found to be a thief or a notorious vio- lator of morality. The eclipse of Rev. Mr. Herron is followed by the rise of a successor in the person of the Rev. J. S. Wilson, who hails from Evanston, Ill., and is now on a tour in California. He preached in Los Angeles last Sunday and made an attack upon existing in- dustrial ccnditions that is described as “scathing.” These reformers all “scathe” when they. get in ac- tion. In his view the competitive system is opposed to Christianity, and should be put down. He is not only alarmed, but incensed, because “the present sys- tem is a gigantic struggle for existence. The re- sources of the universe are subject to private owner- ship, and while such is the case there can be no true Christianity.” : We suppose that theologians will never agree upon what Christianity is. The simple view of it as a life to be lived, and not a dogma to crack heads and cut throats about, is not generally accepted, perhaps be- cause it is simple. But one is at a loss to find in what little the New Testament teaches any authority for denouncing private ownership of property as sinful and anti-Christian. The brief passage which de- scribes the forlorn fraternity of the Disciples and ac- cents their trials by saying that “they had all things in common” cannot be taken as authority for the overthrow of an industrial system that has developed out of the frictions, the ambitions and the energies of man. The competitive system is as old as the first ambition to be better than his fellows that stirred one man to work more cr do better work in order that he might have more and live better. No one has yet shown how the civilization we have could have grown on the foundation advocated by Herron and Wilson. With all the resources of the universe in_public ownership, what stimulus would there have been to the ambition and the inventive genius of man? Would a government have invented and perfected 70 SUBSCRIBERS LEAVING TOWN FOR THE SUMMER. | | | Call subscribers contemplating a change -t; resideace during the mmer months can have | their paper forwarded by mail te their new | mddresses by motifying The Call Business Office. | This paper will alse be om sale at all summer resorts and is represented by a local ageant im all towss on the coast. A OUR URBAN POPULATION. ROM a recently issued bulletin of the Census F Office concerning the urban population of the United States it appears that at the time the census was taken there were 28,411,608 people living in towns or cities of more than 4000 population. That ; amounted to 37.3 per cent of the whole number of people in the country, being a gain of almost 5 per cent since the census of 1890, when the percentage was 32.0. When compared with the census of 1880 the drift of population to the cities is shown in a striking man- ner. In that year only 25.8 per cent of the people lived in towns of more than 4000 inhabitants, and there were only 8350 such communities in the coun- try. In 1800 the number had increased to 899, but in 1900 they numbered 1158. Moreover, in late years the larger cities have grown in population even more rapidly than the smaller ones, and in 1900 about one- of the urban population was living in cities of more than 100,000 people. The greater portion of the urban population is in the Northern and Eastern States. In Rhode Island 91.6 per cent of the people live in urban communities. Next in order come Massachusetts, 85.9; New York, 71.2; New Jersey, 67. Connecticut, 65, Pennsyl- vania, 51.1; Illinois, 51.0; California, 48.9; Maryland, 48.2; New Hampshire, 46.7; Ohio, 44.8; Delaware, 41.4; Colorado, 41.2, and Michigan, 37.2. This movement toward the cities is not surprising. It has long been noted in all civilized countries, and the causes that determine it are well understood by the general public. None the less it is regarded by sociologists as an evil that should be counteracted as far as possible. It is from the rural districts that all nations draw their best manhood. That applies not only to physical vigor but even to mental acute- ness, which might have been expected to be more common among children raised in a city. The facts show, however, that a majority of the men who make their way to the front in any large city, either in this country or in Europe, are from the country and had their early training on a farm. How long the drift of the population to the city will continue and how far it will go are matters on which there has been a good deal of ingenious specu- lation. Some writers have estimated that all of Eng- land and Scotland from London to Glasgow will in the course of this century become virtually one huge metropolis, and American cities are expected to ex- pand in proportion.. The only limits that can be placed upen the growth of cities are those imposed by the difficulty of feeding large populations and the difficulty of transporting people from their homes in the suburbs to the business centers. Improving fa- cilities for the transportatiog _of food and of passen- gers are of course every year widening the limits im- posed by such difficulties. Steamships and railways can carry food to New York or London for popula- tions far in excess of those now living in those cen- ters, while various kinds of street railways, under- ground and overhead, as well as on the surface, af- ford ample means for transporting the people from one part of the city to another with ease and with rapidity. In the meantime, however, the advantages of rural Jife are increasing. As farm holdings become smaller the families are not so lonely as they have been in times past, and, Mmoreover, there are greater facilities for getting to and from cities and for enjoying the benefits of libraries and schools. In California, where ten aeres of Tand well cultivated as an orchard, a vine- ' ~- o market garden, will yield enough to sup- ymily. there is no reason why the cities should grow at the expense of the country. In this State, therefore, the drift toward the cities is never likely to reach the danger point, or even to reach that dis- proportion between urban and rural population that now exists in some of the older States of the East. the steam-engine? Would it have invented the tele- graph and telephone, the turbine wheel, electric light and the appliances of electric power? Governments _do not invent nor improve anything. Government cannot even defend itself without the help of the individual who, under the much abused competitive system, has felt moved and spurred on by the necessity that he excel in order that he may live better and in more agreeable circumstances. The evidence appears to be on the side of the declaration that if the conditions for which Herron and Wilson declaim had existed and been maintained among men to this day we would have neither science, nor art, nor civilization. If this be so, to introduce those conditions now may mean the loss of science, art and civilization by processes as gradual as those by which these have been gained by man. ‘We hope that Mr. Wilson will not handicap his cult by viewing marriage loosely, or attempting to cancel the line which divides honesty from dishonesty, and morality from immorality. The integrity of life still depends upon the obser- vance of restraints and limits that seem to be neces- sary to the well-being of man, no matter what the social system or his place therein. e e e The local committee chosen to provide the recep- tion to President McKinley has turned over to the Epworth League a surplus of $1500. This should to suggest another opportunity congratulate Mr. Scott. LAND LAWS FOR IRELAND. ORD ROSEBERY in the manifesto he has just L issued to the Liberal party in Great Britain pronounces a good deal of very just criticism upon the divisions of the party, but does not offer any counsel as to how to form a policy on which they can unite for action. He says: “It is a matter of sorrow and anxiety to see a weak Government faced by a weaker opposition at a juncture of foreign hos- tility and international competition which needs all the vigilance and agility at our command.” It will be noted that in pointing out the factors that consti- tute the elements dangerous to the British empire in the present crisis the former Prime Minister makes no allusion to Ireland. The omission is the more curious because Parlia- ment has recently been engaged in a very warm de- bate on Irish affairs. It will be remembered that at the opening of Pariiament there was promise in the King’s speech that the Ministry would introduce a bill “providing for the purpose of regulating the vol- untary sale by landlords to occupying tenants in Ire- land.” That bill has not yet been introduced, but when the subject was brought up for discussion in the Commons the Chief Secretary for Ireland said: “The Government is as convinced as any member of the House that a land bill for Ireland is a necessity.” It is with phrases of that kind the Government seeks to postpone the issue. It declares the land law to be a necessity, but it does not bring in a bill to provide one. During the same debate another interesting phase of the Irish question came under review. Some of the Ulster Tories called upon the Government to sup- press the United Irish League. To that request the Chief Secretary replied that the league is not offen- sive. He went on to say that the number of agrarian outrages in Ireland is lower this year than ever be- fore since the crimes act was withdrawn. It is clear from the speech that the Government has troubles enough or its hands and does not intend to stir up another hornet’s nest in Ireland either by bringing in a land purchase bill or by trying to suppress the league. The salient feature of the debate was the~remark- able speech of Mr. Redmond in reply to the Chief Secretary. The London Chronicle in reporting it says: “He began by referring to the criminal stat- 1stics, which show that there have been no cases of homicide in Ireland during the last year. He claimed that that record has no rival, and he asserted that the great national associations ‘like the United Irish League are the cause of this unique immunity from crime. He disclosed some of the ludicrous ways in which the Irish Government tries to suppress free speech, and he wound up with an invitation to the | ! Chief Secretary to enforce the crimes act, With per- fect frankness he explained why he issued that invi- tation, 'I hate your rule in Ireland, and it is the great ambition of my life to destroy it, You are able to preserve the pretense of cofismu(ional government, but as one who hates your rule I would like to see this mask torn from your faces,’” After that speech it will be seen that Rosebery's emlss;gn of Irish questions from the crisis he was censidering shews that he is not much stronger than the leaders he was criticizing, Evidentiy he had no counsel to offer on that subject any more than on anything eise, and yet this is surely a good time for the British Government to take some steps toward deing justice te the Irish peopie. As the London Chrenicle itseif saysi “A time when Ireland may fairiy be described as erimeiess is one which should | be seized as an opportunity by a far-sighted Govern- ment. For large constitutional charfge the occasion is net new, nor is the attitude of the Irish on the war likeiy to hasten it. But now is the time when efforts shouid be made to govern Ireland somewhat more in accordance with Iris B London financiers are expressing the deepest con- sternation at the fact that we are sclling England too much and reaping a harvest of too much British | gold. Tt is timely to note that they do not complain that they are not getting value received. s A NEW VIEW OF FRANOCE. O much has been written of late about the sta- S tionary condition of the population of France and the assumed decadence of the virility of the people, it is interesting to note that another view of the subject has been taken by recent students of the matter. It is not denied that the population is sta- tionary, nor that in such respect France stands alone among the great nations of Europe. It is claimed, however, that the small birth rate is due mainly to the land system of the country, which makes almost every French peasant a land owner, and therefore is not to be looked upon as a sign of racial decadence or even of a bad sociological condition. There are no other people of the world, not even those of the United States, among whom there is so largeaproportion of land owners as among the French, nor are there any people as a whole who are more prosperous. The law, however, requires the land to be divided among the children of the proprietor at his death, and the effect has been to limit the size of fam- ilies. That much has been long known and often com- mented upon, but now it is to be noted that in dwell- g upon the evil of small families, most students of French affairs have overlooked the good that results. One writer says: *‘It is true that a stationary popu- lation does not furnish as many conscripts, as many emigrants, and, in France, not as many seekers for employment in the industries of the cities. On the other hand, where the great body of the population is agricultural, the average standard of living and com- fort is kept higher. There is less extreme poverty. If the army is not so numerous, that is not an unmixed evil, for it is probably ample for defense, and is less of a temptation to aggression. If colonists are fewer, foreign trade is not on that account necessarily less profitable. If labor tends to greater cost in wages, it also tends to greater capacity, and in modern condi- tions it is skill and the use of machinery, not wages, that determine the cost per unit which tells in com- petition.” - Another writer says: “France has the most sub- stantial civilization in Europe. Her eondition is the ideal one of social philosophers, for she has a greater proportion of independent land holders than any other country. Her sturdy yeormanry are the envy of Eu- rope, and the guaranty of national stability.” There is no reason to doubt that these views are well justified. There may be evidences of decadence and degeneracy among the absinthe drinkers of Paris, but there are none among the thrifty land owners of the country. France is all right. THE RIGHTS OF WITNESSES. O Mowbray, there is a possibility that after all some good may come by the establishment of a precedent which will protect witnesses against the ag- gressions of unscrupulous attorneys. It will be re- membered that in.the course of the trial when Gould was on the stand the attorney for Mowbray conducted the cross-examination into Gould's private life, evi- dently seeking’ by various means to make the witness odious in the minds of the jury. A verdict was given for Mowbray, but an appeal was taken, and the Appellate Court has just reversed the action of the lower court. It appears from the reports that the action of the Appellate Court was largely determined by what the Justices regarded as an undue license given to the at- UT of the scandals of the suit brought against Howard Gould by his former valet, F. D. torneys for Mowbray in cross-examining the ' de- fendant. The Justice who delivered the opinion is quoted as saying: “It cannot be that because a party refuses to submit to a demand made upon him, and himself goes upon the witness-stand to contradict tes- timony given by an adversary, he can by reason of that fact be compelled to divulge the secrets of his life, unless such secrets are connected with or have some bearing upon the matter being tried. A party, when he becomes a witness, is entitled even on cross- examination to be protected. Witnesses have some rights which courts are bound to respect. Attacks of the kind set out in this record cannot be made upon one’s private life under the guise of cross-examina- tion. Their purpose is either to coerce the party into a settlement or else to unduly and unjustly prejudice the jury against him. Such examinations tend to bring the administration of the law and a trial of ac- tion into disrcpu‘te and to lessen the respect which litigants have for the courts.” It is gratifying that to the decision thus given there was no dissent. It is certainly good morals and good sense as well as good law. The extent to which wit- nesses are abused by lawyers of a certain type has long constituted one of the most serious reproaches against our system of conducting trials. It has at times seemed as if the bar and the bench regarded witnesses as persons having no rights that courts are bound to respect. followed elsewhere, will tend to good in many ways, not the least of which will be a better service rendered to the cause of justice by eliminating from trials a great deal of evidence that is irrelevant and designed only to prejudic® juries and thus unfit them for rightly performing their duty. e — A Chicago woman has complained in the divorce court that her hushand persists in walking backward when he is in the house. Perhaps he is afraid to let her get behind him, ol e A New York country town is boasting a woman with a hoe. She killed a huge snake with that very ‘ecessary and desirable farm implement. The New York decision, if it be 19 JULY 18, ELEPHANT BOLIVAR CHAINED IN SAME SPOT FOR THIRTEEN YEARS - | o+ IN THIS COUNTRY. SR e e e L B him contracting ugly moods. sway harder than ever until again. asked of Superintendent Brown. different. are hardly necessary at all in standing. For exercise the swaying and short stepping allowed by the OLIVAR, the pride of the Philadelphia Zoological Gar- den, and probably the largest elephant in captivity, has been chained, standing in one place, for nearly thirteen years, says the Philadelphia TImes. season in and out, his ponderous bulk has kept up its ceaseless swing and rock from side to side In this one corner within an area circumscribed by the detaining power of three chains. Circuses come and go and elephants galore stop within the sound of his trumpeting blasts, but he never seems to care: only keeps his corner, apparently well contented. Each year Bolivar seeks to create a sensation. amiable temper, the first of the summer months usually finds Then he wants to fight. does not suit, noise irritates him and incidents generally viewed complacently throw him into a towering rage. There is trouble brewing if Keeper George Harrison does not look out. impotent rage, though, for it only brings to his elephantship another chain, which is attached to the free leg. Then all are drawn fairly tight, and Bolivar is left to sulk and grumble and his saccharine qualities show It is about time now for his annual tantrums. “Does it not injure him to stand so long in oine place?” was He says it does not, and he has, with the air of anatomical charts, proved to various in- quiring agents of the Soclety for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, that Bolivar is not cruelly treated. the bones of the leg do not set directly above one another, but are placed at such angles that a constant strain on the muscles is necessary in standing. With the elephant the formation is The bones are set squarely together, with broad, bearing joints and directly vertical to each other. Thus a solid column or four solid columns support the body, and the muscles HOW THE GIANT OF THE PHILADELPHIA ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN IS CHAINED BY THREE OF HIS LEGS | TO THE WALLS OF HIS CAGE. HE IS FORTY YEARS OLD AND THE LARGEST ELEPHANT EVER SEEN | el B AR T SAL e A8 AR e s TR SRR TR BT e R U R chains must suffice. There is no yard for Day and night, come assertive, and on the rampage, but present in 1888. He harm if he don’t get Never of an His food live 100 years longer. It is country. paugh let him go. New York. He was Jumbo, a Barnum had “more daylight In most animals ago, and two inches appear as if by mag day. him incapable of harm. “That’'s the finest beast I ever owned, and he won't do any exploited as the “biggest ever.” As Bolivar is always in motion there can be no fear of his blood becoming sluggish through inaction. him, though his campanion is allowed one, for his strength and welght and wicked tendencies would be- there is a moral responsibility in keeping It might make a good story if he got the zoo would need repopulation. Adam Forepaugh gave Bolivar to the zoo as a Christmas enjoined them to handle him carefully. away. But, mind you, that you keep him fast,” sald Forepaugh, who had obtained him at the age of 10. He is now 40, and there seems no reason why he should not A native of Ceylon, he is both the largest and most perfect type of Indian elephant ever seen in this In fact, his great size was the chief reason that Fore- It him abcut on trainboard. until the top of his car could not clear the overhead structures along the raflroad, and once this caused a wreck up in Central had become extremely dangerous to carry His back persisted in pushing up too big a proposition for “Ady." pet of the African persuasion, has been But, in animal parlance, he under him.” This extreme length of leg and an unprepossessing hump on Jumbo's back pushed his height to a sensational point, though he weighed a ton and a half less than' Bolivar does. At the time of the latter’s acqui- sition he weighed 8700 pounds. He is ten feet high, or four Inches better than twelve years Now it has increased to 12,000. higher than any Indian elephant ever seen by Savealson, the great traveler and elephant authority. In the dietary way he is a wonder. Hay and potatoes dis- ic. Of the former he eats 150 pounds each ANSWERS TO QUERIES. CLOSING CEMETERIES-J. 8., City. On the 30th of March, 1900, the Board of Supervisors passed an ordinance prohibit- ing burials in the cemeteries of San Fran- cisco from and after August 1, 1901 VANDERBILT'S MOTTO—M. F. A, City. It is said that Commodore Vander- bilt's business motto was, “Never buy anything that you cannot pay for; never sell anything that you do not possess.” ORANGES-D., City. The total ship- ment East out of California of oranges during the season 1900-1 was up to July 7, 1901, 20,879 carloads. During the same per- iod the shipment of lemons out of the State was 2236 carloads. CITIZENSHIP—W. F. G. City. A native of the United States who located in a foreign country, became a citizen there- of and who in after vears would return to the United States with the intention of resuming his citizenship would have to make application to be naturalized the same as any alien. BOER WAR—Theo., City. The result of the Boer trouble of 1880-81 was that after the British defeat at Majuba, where a British force had been assembled to crush the Boers, Gladstone came into power and stopped the war. He conceded the Boers' demand for partial indepen- dence. PERCENTAGE TO ADMINISTRA- TORS—A. 8., Novato, Cal. The code of California allows to administrators of es- tates in probate 7 per cent on estates of value not exceeding $1000, 5 per cent on L e e Cholce candies, Townsend’s, Palace Hotel* ————— Cal. glace fruit 50c per 1b at Townsend's.* ' Special information supplied daily to business houses and public men the Press Clipping Bureau (Allen’s), 510 Mont- gomery street. Telephone Main 1042. ¢ —_—— ‘Wah-ta-wass, a full-blooded Indian girl, is probably the first of her race to become a professional stenographer and type- writer. She is employed by a prominent Boston lawyer, and intends to go through Radcliffe College by her earnings. —_——— Grand Canyon Excursion. On July 224 & special excursion rate of $40 for the round trip, San Francisco to the Grand Can- yon of Arizona, will be made, Leaving San Francisco at § p. m. on the 22d, you reach the Canyon for supper the 23d. No other sight is comparable to this, the grandest of nature's marvels, Ask at 641 Market street, the Santa Fe office, about it. Best Way to the Yosemite. The Santa Fe to Merced and stage thence via Merced Falls, Coulteryille, Hazel Green, Merced Big Trees, Cascade Falls and Bridal Vell Falls, arriving at Sentinel Hotel at 5 the next afternoon. This is the most popular route and the rates are the lowest. Ask at 641 Mar- ket st. for particulars and folder. —————— Cheap Rates for Epworth Leaguers and Their Friends. The Santa Fe will gell low rate tickets to all points, July 12 to, At st 15 inclusive, to hold- ers of Epworth Lfig tickets and friends ac- companying them. | 1 at Santa Fe office, 641 Market street, or depot. —_————— Chicago and Return $72.50. On sale July 20 and 21, the Union Pacific Rail- road will sell round trip tickets to Chicago, good for 60 days, at rate of §7250. D. W. Hitch. cock, General Agent, 1 Montgomery st. San Francisco. —_———— Stop Diarrhae and Stomach Cramps. Dr. Slegert’s Genulne Imported Angostura Bitters.* over $1000 and under $10,000, 4 per cent on anything over $10,000 and under $20,000, 3 per cent on over $20,000 and under $50,000, 2 per cent on over $50,000 and under $100,- 000 and 1 per cent on any estate valued at $100,000 and over. BULKHEAD-M. T., City. If a party owns property In the rear of property owned by another, that property being eight feet higher than that in front and there is a bulkhead built, if there should be a cave who would be responsible for repairs would depend upon conditions. If it was a party bulkhead both would have to pay in equal share. If it was con- structed by one party, the one through whose negligence the cave occurred would be responsible for damages or repairs. A CHANCE TO SMILE. “What time is it?" asked his wife, sus- piclously, as he came tn. “About 1. Just then the clock struck 8. “Gracious! When did the clock eom- | mence to stutter” he sald, with feeble attempt at justification and a joke.—Mon- | treal Star. Sanguinary Indeed.—Mr. Farguson— What a flery waist you have on. What color is 1t?" Mrs. Ferguson—Ox blood. “I begin to understand now why you told the dressmaker to put in another gore.”—Pittsburg Dispatch. e — COMING SPORTING EVENTS, BY LOUIS HONIC. CALIFORNIA’S - OIL QUEEN. THE SUNDAY EXODUS FROM SAN FRANCISCO. THE LAWYER AND FEE. | iE : Next Sunday’s Call | | THE FIVE BATTLES A BY REV. F. LITTLE ROD PRESIDENT PETITION TO YOUNG MAN HAS TO FIGHT. NEY JONES® McKINLEY. E E E HOW MULES ARE TRAINED «.FOR... THE YOSEMITE TRAILS. —