The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, June 14, 1901, Page 6

Che FRIDAY.. JOHN D. SPRECKELS, Proprietor. e A A A A A A Aédress All Communicstions to W. 8, LEAKE, Manager. MANAGER'S OFFICE.......Telephone Press 204 PUBLICATION l;-l,;l’;lCE.. .Market and Third, S. F. Telephone Press 201 217 to 221 Stevenson St. Press 202. EDITORIAL ROOMS Telep! Delivered by Carriers. 15 Cents Per Week. Single Coples, G Cents. Terms by Mail, Including Postage: DAILY CALL (ncluding Suncay), one year. DAILY CALL (ncluding Sunday), § months. DAILY CALL (nclufing Sunday), 3 months.. DAILY CALL—By Single Month.. WEEKLY CALL, One Year.. All postmasters are authorized to receive subscriptions. Semple copies will be forwarded when requested. Mafl subseribers in ordering change of sddress should be particuler to give both NEW AND OLD ADDRESS in order to insure s prompt end correct compliance with their request. OAKLAND OFFICE. ..1118 Broadway C. GEORGE xno‘mss. ' Meneger Foreign Advertising, Marquette Bullding, Chiesge. (Long Distance Telephone *‘Central 2619.”) NEW YORK CORRESPONDENT: €. C. CARLTON.......cceeasssss..Herald Square NEW YORK REPRESENTATIVE: STEPHEN B. SMITH... .30 Tribune Bullding NEW YORK NEWS STANDS: Waldorf-Astoria Hotel; A. Brentano, 51 Union Square; Murray Hill Hotel CHICAGO NEWS STANDS: Sherman House: P. O. News Co.; Great Northern Fremont House: Auditorfum Hotel. WASHINGTON (D. C.) OFFICE...1408 G St., N. W. MORTON E. CRANE, Correspondent. BRANCH OFFICES—:27 Montgomery, corner of Clay, open until $:30 o'clock. 300 Hayes, open until $:30 o'clock. 633 McAllister, open untfl 3:30 o'clock. 615 Larkin, open until #:30 o'clock. 1881 Mission, open until 10 o'clock. 2261 Market, corner Sixteenth, open until 9 o'clock. 109 Valencia. open untl § o'clock. 106 Eleventh, open until 9 c’clock. NW., corper Twenty-second and Kentucky, open until 8 o'clock. 2200 Fillmore, open until § p. m. _— AMUSEMENTS. Hotel; Columbla~*Darcy of the Guards.” Aleazar—"For Bonnie Prince Charlie.” Grand Opera-house—*“The Empress Theodora." California—*A Parisian Romance.” Central—"Jim the Westerner.” Tivoli— The Toy Maker.” Orpheum—Vaudeville. Olympia, corner Mason and Eddy streets—Specialties. Chutes, Zoo and Theater—Vaudeville every afternoon and evening. Fischer’s—Vaudeville. Recreation Park—Baseball. Sutro Baths—Swimming. Emeryville Racetrack—Races to-day. AUCTION SALES. ’ By A. M. Scott & Co.—Saturday, 15 at 11 o'clock, Horses, at 35 Dore street. By G H. Umbsen & Co.—Monday, June 24, at 12 o'clock, Cholce Property, at 14 Montgomery street. = 10 SUBSCRIBERS LEAYING TOWN FOR THE SUMMER. ©nmll subscribers contemplating a change eof residence during the summer m can have their paper forwarded by mail to their new ®ddresses by motifying The Call Business Office. This paper will also be on sale at all summer #esorts and is represented by a local agemt im ®il towss en the cosmst. S owners and citizens of influence, representing mercial and industrial organizations, have warmly commended the suggestion of The Call that steps be taken to procure the establishment by the National Government of a wireless telegraph service between the Farallon Islands and this city. There being unanimity of sentiment, it is reasonable to ex- pect something in the way of prompt and united ac- tion toward the desired end. Of the feasibility of the service there can be no question. Reports from Europe are to the effect that the British have wireless telegraph stations at every dangerous headland along their foggy and stormy coasts. The Germans and the French also have adopted the system to a considerable extent, and only recently the news of the day illustrated the use- fulness June A MUCH-NEEDED SERVICE. ENATORS, Representatives, merchants, ship- co e in the case of a steamer pass- ing & lightship off Dunkirk and receiving across the less message to the effect that the illumi- nating ma ery of the lightship was out of order and that unless relief were sent there could be no light on the ship that ni The steamer reported the news as soon reached port, and men were at once sent to m: so that the lightship showed her sign: In that case the wireless message may have saved from wreck some vessel passing in the night and missing the familiar light from the ship. The usefulness of a prompt service between this city and the Farallones is well understood by all who have eny interest in shipping news; npr would it be out- side the legitimate province of the Government to es- tablish it. In fact, it would be but an extension of the lighthouse service. As was said by President Mc- Near of the Merchants’ Exchange: “I believe it to be within the province of this Government to con- struct such telegraphic system for the better protec- tion of our merchant marine. Also, it would be of advantage to vessels in the Government service. They could communicate with or receive orders without the necessity of coming into the harbor. Vessels ar- riving off the port in distress, or requiring the ser- vices of a tug or other assistance, could, by signaling the operator on the islands, communicate with the city. Vessels coming to this coast in ballast with in- structions to get their orders off the harbor (to come in or proceed to Portland or the Sound for their out- ward cargo) would be saved the inconvenience of de- lays. Such communication now is generally by the pilot boats and necessitates considerable loss of time.” The service, then, is desirable, feasible and useful alike to the city, to the commercial interest and to the Government. Such being the case the attention of the officials at Washington should be at once called to the matter, and the request for the establishment of the service should be backed by every influence pos- sessed by our Congressmen, by our commercial bodies and by the Federal officers at the port. water a wi ght Ho Yow, the worthy Chinese Consul General at this port, is making most vigorous protest against the landing of one of his countrymen in San Francisco. Ho Yow might make as many of these protests as he pleases and be assured that the more he made the better we wouvld like it. A visiting prize-fighter gives us his assurance that a vision of a fire engine is invariably an omen of success for him. He might carry his faith in signs a THE PASSING SHOW. URNING back to the four weeks of 1900 that T passed between the middle of June and middle of July one seems carried into a forgotten world. Just take up a yearling paper and read it. The proceedings of the Silver Republican and Democratic conventions at Kansas City pass like a procession that is never to countermarch. Those were great days and brought into focus for a time a large number of men who passed thence into obscurity or have a precarious hold upon public at- tention. Going into the Silver Republican convention one sees Senator Teller, hoarse as a frog and hot as Yuma, foretelling the triumph of silver and with the zeal O of an apostate denouncing his former party associates. There are cries for Joseph Waters of Kansas, and he comes, full of fiery metaphors, which roused the convention to a fine rage. For a brief space the troubled Waters held the stage, and passed, where no one knows. . Then Major John Brown (colored), of Kansas also, a veteran of the Cuban carhpaign, arose, and so did the roof, when he pledged and plighted the colored vote to the Silver Republicans. This black man was followed by Mr. Crow of Dakota, and a long and able lunged line of colonels, majors and captains, all pledging States and sections and solid blocks of electoral votes to Bryan and Towne. Mixed with it was the predicted downfall of the republic and the coming of chaos and black night unless Bryan were elected to turn the switch in time to prevent the crash. Passing over to the Democratic national conven- tion, the proceedings read like the roster of the staff ot an army with banners. There were colonels born to the title, others who won it in the Union and Con- federate ranks, and still others who laid aside their war barness as privates and had promoted them- selves. The bright, resplendent militia colonel was there, and the members of the junior order of real colonels created by the Spanish war. It is a stirring scene. Again the bands play-, men and women shout, and then a colonel speaks. Listen! He says the party skies have a rosy tinge and that the people in more than thunder tones are demanding *‘the gold that pol- ished the winged sandals of Hermes and the silver that glitters in the bow of Diana.” Rare days were they, when hyperbole, metaphor, allegory and figures of speech sweat and swore like overworked harvest hands, and there were “demon- strations” on the convention floor that lasted thirty- seven minutes by the watch. It was all of vital interest about one year ago, and now it is forgotten. The judgment staked on the is- sue proved to be faulty, and now the resplendent colonels amd others “have been.” It illustrates the ephemeral nature of mere convention reputations. Turning to the Republican National Convention, who now remembers the name of the delegate that nomi- nated McKinley? At the moment of the action he was the most envied of men, and by the estimate put upon the importance of his position one would have thought that he was speaking himself into immottal- ity. Twelve months have passed and no one remem- bers who was so favored of the gods and envied of men. Life seems too short for men to attend to more than the news and duties of each day, and the clan gathering of last year seems as remote as the war council of Highland chiefs the night before Culloden. BANKING IN. THE SOUTH. NE of the more important factors in bringing about the free silver craze in the Southern States was the lack of adequate banking facilj- By reason af that lack the people readily fell ties. into the belief that what they needed was more money, | and in that belief they would doubtless have supported an unlimited issue oi greenbacks just as readily as they supported the Western silver men had a green- back movement happened to be dominant at the time. The need of a more general distribution of banking and of money was recognized by the framers of the recent financial measures in Congress, and provision was made for the establishment of small banks. The South appears to have promptly profited by the op- portunity afforded by Republican legislation, and there is no longer any complaint there of a lack of currency or a lack of banks. In a recent review of the situation the Atlanta Con- stitution says: “During the past seven months more than one hiundred banking institutions have been es- tablished in various parts of the South, and the dis- tribution among the various States is as Texas, 40; Georgia, 13; Virginia, 13; North Caro- lina, 11; Florida, 6; South Carolina, 9; Kentucky, 9; Arkansas, 6; Louisiana, 14; Tennessee, 5; Ala- bama, 5; Mississippi, 4, and Maryland, 5. While some States have been more highly favored than others, still there is no State throughout the section which has not been favored to some extent, and signs of prosperity are general.” The establishment of so many new banks in a single section of the country within seven months is an un- deniable proof of a rapid advance in the general pros- perity of the people. It is probable that none of the new banks has a large capital, but the aggregate maust be considerable. The chief advantage is that the capi- tal is diffused throughout a wide extent of country and that the benefits are widespread. Of course the advantages to be derived from the banks are not to be measured by the amount of their capital. Each of them will serve as a financial reservoir for the collection and distribution of the money in the community, en- abling the same funds to be used over and over again and materially promoting every kind of industrial or commercial enterprise. p When in connection with the extension of banking facilities there is considered the improvement-going on in the South in the way of manufacturing and of diversified rural industries there will be found ample reason for believing that the blight of Bourbon poli- tics which has so long rested upon that section of the Union will be removed by the force of prosperity it- self. The intelligence of the South cannot fail to perceive that the success of Bryanism, free silver and frec trade would ruin the bright prospects that have been raised by conservative government, sound money and protection. It is therefore fair to expect that hereafter it will bg found supporting such policies ift the nation instead of making the South solid for any and every kind of political folly that discontented leaders can devise. S ———— The Oklahoma yisitor and eloper who is detained on a charge of obtaining money under false pretenses probably realizes now that while it may be reason- ably safe to steal another man’s wife it is extremely dangerous to filch from him his money. Russia is distrustful of the United States and Ger- many is fearful of both in reference to their trade as- little further and gaze into the business end of a hose | pirations. The money sack after all is what makes the while in action world move 3 follows: | ALABAMA SUFFRAGE SCHEMES. LABAMA'S constitution makers are not suf- A fering from any lack of ideas concerning suf- frage restrictions. We learn from the Mobile Register that on a single day, June s, there were in- troduced no less than four suffrage bills, and, as not one of them corresponds to the plan advocated by Senator Morgan, it is probable they are but the fore- runners of a larger crop to come. The four bills referred to differ widely from one another. One of them, submitted by Pillans of Mo- bile, provides simply that no person shall be permitted to vote or to register unless able to speak the Eng- lish language. Bulger of Tallapoosa would require that all electors be able to read and understand the constitution, but exempts from that requirement every one who was a qualified voter January 1, 1867. Mi]l:_r of Wilcox proposes a more elaborate system of restriction. His plan makes qualifications as to age, residence, education and taxable property to the value of $300, exempts soldiers and descendants within the fourth degree and persens who could vote in 1867 and their descendants within the second degree, fixes 1908 as the year in which all who offer to vote for the first time shall be possessed of the general qualifica- tions; also contains a poll tax clause and provides that owners of homes shall be entitled to vote, irre- sp;ctive of value. n original and novel proposition was submitted by Banks of Russell. This plan, in addition to providing a poll tax which must be ;iaid as a preliminary to vot- ing, disfranchising persons who sell their votes and men who abandon their wives and children, contains provision for a white and a colored ballot to be used in all elections; ballot and booths are to be similar to the Australian system, except that all electors who can prepare their ballots without aid are to be given 4 white ballot; those who need assistance in-prepar- ing the ballot are to'be given a colored ballot, but are permitted to select their own marker; colored bal- lots count as one-fourth of a vote; after 1906 all per- sons coming into Alabama after ratification of the constitution and all who shall have become 21 years | of age in the meantime shall be able to read and write before voting. % It is not likely that any of these schemes of bal- lot restriction will be accepted, but they are interest- | ing as showing the diversjty of Alabama sentiment on | the subject. It will be seen that one of them would exclude from the polls every citizen who cannot speak English, which looks as if there were an anti-foreign | | element in the State. The proposal that every man ! who has a home shall have a vote shows that there is | some sense of appreciation of industrious and thrifty negroes and a willingness to let that class vote. The | proposal to give illiterates a colored ballot to count ! for one-fourth vote is another evidence of the exist- | ence of a glimmer of justice in the convention, for | self, it is certainly better than excluding educated | black men from the polls while admitting ignorant | THE DESIRE ,FOR DRESS. | R ECENTLY a young woman of 21, the daughter" N\ ciety and a student at Smith College, was’| | arrested upon a charge of having stolen property | ! admitted the crime. The value of the property stolen is estimated at $5000. Upward of fifty costly articles ornament valued at $1500. With the exception of her dishonesty the youn her crime is attributed to desire for dress. One re- port says: “It is known that she has pawned articles while such a provision is not |commendable in it- white men. of a family of eminence in New Jersey so- from her fellow students. The girl is said to have | of jewelry are missing, among them being a diamond ¥ = g | woman is said to have an excellent character, and |in Springfield, Hartford, Philadelphia and New | Yark. It seems to be a clear case of a foolish young | girl who desired to dress beyond her means and de® liberately took the property of girls at the college, | pawned it and gratified her desires for luxurious | | living.” Upon the showing thus made it is evident that the girl who stole the jewels is not the only fgol in the case. When young girls at college wear diamond or- naments valued at $1500, and when gems and golden jewelry are so common among the students that ar- | ticles to the value of $5000 can be stolen by a single thief, it is clear that college life at Smith is becoming about as extravagant as that in the smart set itself. | There have long been complaints of the increasing extravagance in dress and living among the students at Harvard and Yale. The ostentation of wealth which- {mars so much of American life has intruded itself into the very seats of learning, where it is supposed the students are t8 be taught to respect higher things. It now appears that fashionable colleges for girls in New England are becoming as bad in that resiect as the universities. In place of the plain living and the high thinking that formerly marked the colleges of that section there has come a rivalry in dress and ornaments carried to such an extent that some stu- dents wear jewels fitted for court ballrooms, and other girls are tempted to steal them. The parents, the faculty and the society that tol- crate a display of costly jewels by college girls are almost as much to blame for the foolish desire for dress as was the silly girl who was caught by it and fell. The moral duty of imposing restraint upon the extravagance of the young must rest somewhere. It will be a bad thing for New England if the present idcsire for a display of wealth corrupts her colleges iuntill they are no longer attractive to persons of moderate means. As matters stand at present parents who cannot afford their daughters an elaborate array of jewels and gowns to match for their college days had better send them to Western colleges. The harbor of Manila is to be improved by order of the National Government at a cost of $3,000,000. This news is particularly timely and should be sug- | gestive to the visiting Congressional committee on rivers and harbors that there are other harbors nearer home and quite as worthy of improvement. R S The Filipino leader who succeeded Aguinaldo in the field has refused to surrender except upon his own terms. It is hardly -possible that he contemplates cuicide or an early death, but he certainly is inviting one or the other. - General Buller has received from King Edward a medal for meritorious’ service in the South African campaign. This is probably the first thing that Gen- cral Buller received and wanted in connection with the Boers. Cuba has at last accepted the Platt amendment, This is a reasonably good indication that the fear that Cubans were deficient in the judgment necessary to self government was unfounded. S Much may be said of the enthusiasm of the local imitator of Carrie Nation, but in view of the fact of her conviction for malicious mischief it would be idle | to discuss her discretion. PAPERS ON CURRENT TOPICS. PREPARED BY EXPERTS AND SPECIALISTS FOR THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL. What Americans of Ago Did in the tion and One Hundred Years Arts of Civiliza- Society. By Alice Morse Earle, AUTHOR OF “STAGE COACH AND T VERN DAYS,” “OLD-TIME DRINKS AND DRINKERS,” ETC. (COPYRIGHT, 19%01.) XVII.—VABIOUS;E‘I‘AILS OF DiFFERENCE. The newspapers of the early century show how much excitement -there was- over the introduction of vaccination as a protection against smallpox. That disease was a horrible and universal scourge; far more people had suffered from it either through contagion or inoculation than had not had it. The latter class liv- ed in daily terror of disfigurement and death. The words “‘pock-marked,” *‘pock- fretten,” ‘“pock-broken,” ‘pock-pitted,” appear in nearly every personal descrip- tion' of the eighteenth century. It had brought not only death but business dis- aster and ruin to the colonists. New England had been devastated seven times by the disease. Inoculation had con- trolled it but there seemed to be no hope of exterminating it. The first public no- tice of vaccination was in 1799. In 1800 Dr. Waterhouse of Cambridge, Mass., published a pamphlet on “The Prospect of Exterminating the Small- pex,” ete. He at once vaccinated three | — - Adams in politics, and Massachusetts Federalists regarded with abhorrence all Democrats and followers of Jefferson as French deists and drunkards. If they did not deem every Democrat a profane rascal, they were positive every profane rascal was a Democrat. The story is told of an election early in the century at Hadley, Mass., at which, when the ballots were_counted, one Democratic vote was found. The uproar and tumult was great; all wondered who the ungodly and abom- inable creature could have been who thus disgraced the entire town. After a time a lean old man mounted & furry horse, rode off to a safe distance and defiantly called back, “I cast that 'ere Dimmercrat vote,” and galloped off amid a shower of stones. Some years later Nathaniel Haw- thorne found himself in a somewhat sim- }flar pesition in Salem. About the Observance of Sunday. It was a constant complaint that Wi French infidelity had seized the educated | classes everywhere. The Congregational minister of Rutland, Vt., Dr. Samuel Wil- liams, left his pulpit in despair and start- Tammany Wigwam, 1812 to 1867, Frankfort and Nassau Streets. & - of his children and four of his servants, and the boldness of his faith inspired corfidence. He issued funny little tickets entitling persons to “‘One Inoculation.” He received the virus from England n quill-points, and in infected thread. Adoption of Vaccination. It is interesting to see how quickly and with what intelligence people accepted vaccination. Dr. Waterhouse sent sever- al supplies of lymph to President Jeffer- son, who, with his son-in-law, vaccinated over two hundred of their Virginia neigh- bors and sérvants. Whole towns turned | out to be vaccinated, a_hundred persons | a day. Circulars of invitation were read | in the pulpit. As proof was desired by | some, twelve children who had been suc- cessfully vaccinated were afterward in- oculated ited gentleman of Milton, Mr. Horton, gave his house as a hospital. The charge of twelve healthy children for two weeks must have kept him busy. At the close | the children were discharged. mone of them having taken the smallgox; and each was presented with a certificate, of which the following is a copy: Joshua Briges, YOU ARE HEREBY discharged from the Hospital, where you and eleven more appointed for that purpose, have offered to all men for the test of Small Pox Inoculation, a convincing proof of the never failing power of that mild Dpreventive the COW POX. WHILST you REMAIN a Living Token of Mercy, your mouth will delight to Testify your Gratitude for a Blessing Great as it is Sin- gular of its kind, so that the hearts of men e n praise to the Almi e W Yo R HOUGHTON: . Chalrman Committee for Vaccination. AMOS HOLBROOK, Physician in Charge. . October 25, 1509. This seemed so decisive that an annual inoculation was ordered in June, the time of which should be posted in public places, warned from house to house, and advertised in the newspapers. and to which strangers were invited. Due and significant gratitude to God for *'so singu- lar and admirable a blessing” was shown by permitting the vaccination to take place in the meeting-house. The result of all this was a Jaw in Massachusetts enforeing vaccination, and the loathsome pest of smallpox never again had a foot- hold in the State until after the statute ‘was, unfortunately, repealed in 1836. In the Days of Dueling. The early century was a day of dueling. Every gentleman in the South had met his man. The story of Bladensburg duel- ing field is one of gloom. Dueling was becoming almost as prevalent in the North as in the Scuth when the public horror at the death of Alexander Hamil- ton by the hand of Aaron Burr caused a great revulsion of feeling. Previous to that tragedy New York had seen the duels of Burr with John B. Church, of a man named Eacker with Mr. Price. Then Eacker killed Alexander Hamilton's old- est son, Philip, a youth of 19. Mr. Cole- man met Mr. Thompson; Mr. Riker met one Swartwout, who had previously had a meeting with De Witt Clinton, in which five rounds of shots were exchanged, Clinton wounding Swartwout each time and the latter refusing to stop, until Clin- ton declared he would not shoot agaim. These duels were for the most trifling causes. For Instance, it was announced that the ‘“‘youth of the city” would meet to address a letter of congratulation to John Adams when he became President. The next day an article appeared in a newspaper which sald the meeting was Dresided over by “a stripling of 48 years, while Master Jemmy Jones, another boy not quite 60, graced the assembly with his presence.”” Jones was deeply enraged at this jocular sentence and sought out the author, who proved to be Judge Living- stone, the brother of Mrs. Jay. Living- dtone declared he was sorry to have given offense, that he wrote it lightly. Jones then struck him and tried to “pull his nose. A challenge and duel followed, in which Jones was lnatang;' killed by a shot in the heart. A settled gloom fell on Livingstone, from which, though he rose to great distinction, he never recovered. French Ideas in Politics. The most dominant and unusual char- acteristic shown in all records of political life at the beginning of the nineteenth century was the influence of French ideas. These notions had been brought to citles and to isolated homes, both con- sciously and nunwittingly, by soldiers of the revolution, and they were held in dif- ferent grades cf esteem in various com- munities. Americans had watched with alternating emotions the entrance of the liberty cap, of Citizen Genet and of the red cockade. They heard with fear the carmagnole everywhere in the streets. Even Tammany, calm and collected, with such sachems as Governor Colden and Mayor Hoffman in power, could not quiet all apprehension. e tricolor was every- where. French sailors came ashore from French_frigates. Mat;:ru became alarm- ing and excitement valled. Alexander. Hamilton and Rufus ing, speaking words of friendship and peace from a bal- | cony in street, were stoned away from public view. The beliefs or Rous- seau, *Helvetius and Voltaire had ma:x worshipers. _The philanthropists a deists formed clubs and advertised their meetings. In Newburg a druidical _so- ciety followed the principles of the Illu- minati and the Jacobins and cast scorn at Christianity. Paine's ‘“Age of Reason' had an extraordinary sale. J _ Massachusetts folk followed Jobn . E}gfl smallpox. and a public-spir- |« i 3 ed the Rutland Herald in 1794, a newspaper which is still in existence. Governor of Vermont, said: ‘“There was not at the time a lawyer from Middlebury to Bennington who was a professor of religion or willing to be known as a frienda to Christianity; their offices were open on the Sabbath. 'Multitudes frequented tne taverns at Rutland, groups that rum and infidelity brought together vying with each other in blasphemy.” Among the many effects attributed to the spread of French deism was the alter- ation in the observance of Sunday. This did not progress without protest. Sunday travel was still prohibited. In 1802 Boston rulers tried to enforce the edict against bathing at the foot of the commcn on Sunday: “Now our wise rulers and the law y none shall wash on Sunday, \ So Boston folks must dirty go And wash them twice on Monda, It does not seem unreasonable to object | on very secular grounds to Sunday bath- ing on’ that spot. In 1810 the Postmaster General ordered all postmasters who received mail on Sunday to keep open offices, but his Puri- tan conscience directed his mailcarriers to travel quietly and in no way to divert attention from the church services. Re- mcnstrances arose. It was declared the public convenience required travel and mail transference, and that pious corre- spondence, supplies to the needy, consola- tion to the afflicted and works of charity were transmitted, as well as secular mat- ter, and should not be delayed. In 182 some zealots denounced exchanges of ministers from town to town as violating the Sabbath. Then Sabbath unions were formed and many reforms were effected. Thus did public opinion waver. Early Temperance Societies. The most important reform of the early years of the nineteenth century was the establishment of temperance societies. ‘The first marked effect leading to this end had been made by a tract of Dr. Benja- min Rush of Philadelphia in 1504, “An Inquiry Into the Effect of Ardent Spirits Upon the Human Body and Mind.” Ser- mons began to be preached on the sub- ject. In 1808 a temperance society was formed in Saratoga. The reform dragged along siowly. Dr. Lyman Beecher in 1801 sent an exhortation to a meeting of the New York Synod. Other clergymen fol- lowed and other societies movement. New societies were formed— moral” socleties, ‘“farmer” societies, “‘abstinence” societies, temperance soel- eties. Teetotal (a name adopted in 1833) societies followed. Temperance tales were printed. Reformed drunkards formed Washingtonian societies, whose prophet was John B. Gough. The cause had a lit- {lo setback In the middle of the century, , like all absolutely necessar: 3 rosé triumphant. st Theaters a Hundred Years Ago. Theaters had become, in 1801, more tol- erated in the minds of American people than would have seemed possible twenty yoars earlier. In Philadelphia, in 1801, “The Battle of Bunker Hill” was played, and a pantomime called *“The Federal Oath, or The Independence of 1776.”" Then came “Liberty in Louisiana.” The Man- fredi family ~gave tight-rope perform- ances and ballets. In Philadelphia, in 1306, Spencer Cone, the grandfather of Kate Claxton, played Archmet in “Bar- barossa.” After being a suceessful actor he turned editor, served as captain in the war of 1812 and then became a Baptist micister. _In England a young boy, the “Infant Roscius,” had set the theater- going public wild. We had an “Infant American Roscius” 13 years old, who played Donglass, and an “Infant Roscius' 8 years old, who, In 1509, appeared as Young Norval. He was John Howard Payne, the author of “Home, Sweet Home.” The mother of Joseph Jefferson was played and the elder allack and Junius Brutus Booth, 'win Forrest, Kean—truly there were giants in those days. English actors of fame were here, :“rcth as George Frederick Cooke and Bet- erton. The Coming of Photography. A great Invention was that of “sun fic- tures”—photography and its predecessors, the daguerreotype, eurgeatype, ferrotype, chrysitype, cyanotype, amphitype, anthe. type, grandinotype, calotype, talbotype, ambrotype and—let us rejoice in its de. cease—catalissisotype. The daguerrectype process was given to the public in 1839, T have one of the earliest daguerreotypes taken, a large size, about seven inches by five inches, and an exquisite picture it is in quality. It is of ‘a father and child and they had to sit for three minutes. It cost $55. These pictures were a great ad. vance beyond ‘the silhouette, which was the prevailing cheap likeness of the day. Portraits in ofl, miniatures and reliet por- tralts in wax, though costly, were com- moner than would naturally be thought, and in proportion to the number of in- habitants and their income painted por- traits were far more common than to. day. The first cheap photograph, the “carte de visite,” and the tintype sprang at once into universal popularity. Bequests of the Nineleenth Century. The bequests of the nineteenth c. A to the twentieth may be thus lummee?it?x;’- We received the quill; we bequeath the typewriter. We received the H we bequeath the mowing machine. W e '::1 celved the spinning wheel and hand loom; we bequeath the cotton and wool factory. We received the tallow aip; l'e'= His son, the | indorsed the | bequeath the electric light. We received the fire bucKet; we bequeath our steam and electric fire engines and our fire sys- tem. We received the well and spring- house; we bequeath cold storage, artifi- cial ice plants and liquid air. We received the stage coach; we bequeath the steam rallroad, electric cars and automobiles. We received the sailboat and horseboat: we bequeath the steamship. We received the post rider; we bequeath the telegraph and telephone. We received the well sweep; we bequeath the vestreservoir and water system. We received small homes of wood amd brick; we bequeath our great iron and_ stone hotels and apartment houses. We received scant knowledge or thought of sanitation, antiseptics or drainage; we bequeath our street-clean- ing and sewerage systems, our quaran- tine and public-health departments, our discoveries in bacteriology. In medicine we received mercury and bleeding: we be- queath our magnificent discoveries and practice In medicine and surgery and our hundreds of hospitals and asylums. But we have not space to tell the great bequests the century leaves, and as for the infinite number of small comforts, protections, devices and improvements— who can enumerate them? |GOSSIP FROM LONDON’S WORLD OF LETTERS Hall Caine’s new novel will doubtless be the book of the autumn—more than ever the book of the autumn if the impending litigation comes off at the time expected. It seems probable that Lord Rosebery, whose monograph on Napoleon has been translated into French, will publish next year a larger work on the same subject, in which the career of L'Algle will be | more fully discussed than in his recent book, wherein the last phase was mainly under consideration. Miss Kathleen Haydn Green Is the first Lady Mayoress who has published a book during the tenure of her office. Miss Green's first volume, a book of | verse, appeared in 1599. Her new book will | be published immediately by John Lane. It | is ertitled “Twelve Allegories,” among the titles of which are ‘““The Man Who Had Nothing of His Own,” ‘‘Men Who Have Sought the Unattainable” and “The Woman Who Wasted kHer ‘iears. | The famous detective, Sherlock Holmes, will make his reappearance in the Sep- | tember Strand Magazine. The book will take the form hot of short stories but of a novel of somewhere about fifty thou- sand words, about half of which are now ready. No reference is to be made ut ail to the death of Sherlock Holmes, it being merely assumed that one of his earlier experiences is being narrated. Dr. Conan Doyle held cut long against the most flat- tering offers, but was overcome at last. A rather Serjous accident which hap- pened to Jerome K. Jerome three weeks ago has been kept remarkably secret. He was driving_ with Miss Lorimer, herself a novelist, behind_a tandem in the neigh- borhood of his Wallingford house, when, locing his eyeglasses, he ran into a bank. Mr. Jerome smashed his ankle, and Miss Lorimer’s, foot was seriously injured. But for all his helplessness Mr. Jerome is quietly working over a novel on which he has been intermittently engaged for three years. He has made money, more espe- cially in America, with his play, “Miss Hobbs,” and now has a new piay finished, | which I hear contains some rather orig- inal and striking stage business. Daniel Frohman was the other day at his bed- side as a visitor to Mr. Jerome, of course from motives of business as well as of | sympathy. Mrs. Creighton has recovered from her serious fliness and is now engaged on the biography of the late Bishop of London, which the Messrs. Longmans hope to pub- lish in the autumn. Mrs. Paget Toynbee has had the good fortune to discover in private hands the originals of letters, about eight hundred in number, addressed by Mme. de Deffand to Horace Walpole between 1766 and 178. | _The majority are in the handwriting of Mme. de Deffand's amanuensis, but sev- | eral were written by Mme. de Deffand { herself in a wonderfully clear, large, round hand, which she contrived to write after she had become blind. Mrs. Toynbee hopes to publish a com- | plete edition of the letters, considerably | more than half of which have never been prirted. The Berry edition, published | nearly a century ago, consisted of selec- | tions representing only 348 letters. In view of the revived interest shown during recent years in architecture of the | Renaissance, H. Triggs and Henry Tan- | ner have considered the time opportune | for preparing a volume devoted to the | illustration and description of the most impcrtant works of Inigo Jones, one of | England’s greatest architects. { The volume will contain as a frontis- | piece a reproduction of the engraving from Van Dyke's portrait of Inigo Jones, (r;n(he possession of the Duke of Devon- shire. | “'The best preserved work of the archi- tect and the most complete is Raynham ! Hall, Fakenham, Norfolk, the residence of Ladr Lacon. | | PERSONAL MENTION. Judge Hewell of Merced is staying at | the Lick. ) | P. R. Maybury of San Jose is at the California. J. D. Bradley, an attorney of Merced, Is a guest at the Grand. | B. Hirosawau and J. Gasul, bankers of { Tokio, are at the Occidental. | ©O. E. Williams, proprietor of the Palace Hctel at Ukiah, is at the Grand. S. P. Dorsey, the well-known mining man of Grass Valley, arrived in the city yesterday and is at the Lick. Lieutenants Bloknlis and Wolfram of the German army arrived from China yesterday and are at the Palace. Auguri Felicitazioni, the well-known steamship agent, returned from Italy this week after a most enjoyable trip. General Warfleld, N. G. C., and staft will leave to-day om .the 2:15 train for Senta Cruz to attend the annual encamp- ment of the National Guard. Sir Bosdin T. Leech, Lady Leech and | Miss Leech of Oak Mount, Timperley, ar- Irived here yesterday from the Orfent. Trey are touring the world and are regis- tered at the Palace. George H. Fairchild, formerly superin- tendent of repairs of the Market-street Railway, left this week for Nevada Cily, where he has accepted the position of general manager of the Nevada County Traction Company. —_——— CALIFORNIANS IN NEW YORK. NEW YORK, June 13.—From San Fran- cisco—E. Clayton, at the Rossmore; R. S. Dickie, at the Astor; N. C. Hands, at the Morton; H. B. Madison and wife, at the Holland; J. McElroy, at the Astor; G. E. Okene, at the Herald Square; W. E. Price, at the Rossmore; E. S. Waltz, at the Park Avenue: J. J. Wirtner, at the Herald Square; J. M. Wright, at the As- tor: Mrs. Ashburner, at the Murray Hili; A. Bridge, at the Broadway Central; .. | S. Christiansen, at the Hoffman: W. P, Davidson and wife, at the Grand Union; Mrs. J. C. Jorgenson, at the St. Denis; Miss A. Morrisey, at the Holland; E. Smith, at the Broadway Central: F. W. Wakefleld, at the Park Avenue; H. J. Stewart, at the Empire. From Los An- geles—T. Billington, at the Albert; J. Lar- guter, at the Mariborough. g bu Mg e LR CALIFORNIANS IN WASHINGTON ‘WASHINGTON, June 13.—The following Californians arrived here to-day: At the Raleigh—George W. Lunt and H. C. Bun- ker, San Francisco. At the National-E. H. Rose, San Bernardino. — e Choice candies, Townsend's, Palace Hotel* —_—— Cal. glace fruit 50c per 1b at Townsend's.® ety information supplied daily to Special business houses and public men by the Press Clipping Bureau (Allen’s), 510 Mont- gomery street. Telephone Main 1042. * The manufacture and sale of dclls In ‘Europe exceeds 26,000,000 a year. One firm in Paris turns out dolls a day and many other houses make even larger numi SUMMER RATES at Hotel del Coronado, Coronado Beach, Cal., effective after April 15, $60 for round trip. including 15 days at hotel Pacific Coast S. S. Co., 4 New Montgomery st