The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, June 6, 1901, Page 6

THURSDAY......c00sesessseesssses . JUNE 6, 1901 ANOTHER RISE IN BEEF. ¥ HEN beef advanced 40 per cent last winter those who do not seck far for causes said it was due to the season of the year. That rise JOHKN D. SPRECKELS, Proprietor. - Address All MANAGER’S OFFICE . PUBLICATION OFFICE...Market and Third, S. F. Telephone Press 201. EDITORIAL ROOMS. .217 to 221 Stevenson Sh Telephone Press 202. Communicstions to W. 5. LEAKE, Manager. .+.Telephone Press 204 Delivered by Carriers, 156 Cents Per Week. Single Copies, 5 Cents. Terms by Mail, Including Postage: DAILY CALL (iacluding Suncay), one year. DAILY CALL (ncluding Sunday), DAILY CALL (including Sunday), DAILY CALL—By Single Month WEEKLY CALL, One Year.... All postmasters are authorized to receive subscriptions. Sample copfes will be forwarded when requested. Mail subscribers in ordering change of address should be particular to give both NEW AND OLD ADDRESS in order to insure & prompt and correct compliance with their request. OAKLAND OFFICE .1118 Broadway C. GEORGE KROGNESS. Manager Foreign Advertising, Marquette Building, Chieage. (Lo ng Distance Telephone “Central 2615. NEW YORE CORRESPONDENT: C. C. CARLTON....c0cvveeessssss . Herald Squaré NEW YORK REPRESENTATIVE: B. SMITH. . 30 Tribune Building NEW YORK NEWS STANDS: ‘Weldorf-Astoria Hotel; A. Brentano, 31 Union Square; Murray Hill Hotel. CHICAGO NEWS STANDS: Eberman House; P. O. News Co.; Great Northern Hotel; Fremont House; Auditorfum Hotel. WASHINGTON (D. C.) OFFICE...1406 G St., N. W. MORTON E. CRANE, Correspondent. STEPHEN BRANCH OFFICES—527 Montgomery, corner of Clay, open until $:30 o'clock. 300 Hayes, open.until 9:30 o'clock. 633 McAllister, open untfl 9:30 o'clock. 615 Larkin, open until #:30 o'clock. 1941 Mission, open until 10 o'clock. 2261 Market, corner Sixteenth, cpen until § o'clock. 109 Valencia, open until § o'clock. 106 Eleventh, open until 8 ¢'clock. NW. corner Twenty-second and Kentucky, open until 9 o'clock. open until 9 p. m. 2200 Fillmore Central—"0ld_Glory.” Tivoli—“The Toy Maker.” Orpbeum—Vaudeville. Columbia—"*‘Gudgeons.” Alcazar—*For Bonnie Prince Charlie.” Olympta, corner Mason and Bddy streets—Speciaities. Chutes, Zoo and Theater—Vaudeville every afternoon and evening. Fischer' s—Vaudeville. Recreation Park—Baseball. Sutro Baths—Swimming. Emeryville Racetrack—Races to-day. AUCTION SALES. 2 By A. M. Scott & Co.—Thursday, June € at 11 o'clock, thirty head of Horses, at 35 Dore street. By Wm. G. Layng—Friday, June 7, at 11 o'clock, Trotting Horses, at 721 Howard street. 5 10 SUBSCRIBERS LEAYING TOWN FOR THE SUMMER. Call subscribers contemplating s change of residence during the summer months can have thelr paper forwarded by mail to their mew sddresses by motifying The Call Busimess Office. This paper will also be on sale at all summer THE ISLAND ISSUE. HE San Francisco Chronicle that T there is need of immediate p‘cace within the Republican party, and that it can be only by placing the Philippines “where Hawaii now is and Porto Rico soon will be.” If the Chronicle mean that the Philippines and Porto Rico are to be made potential States, by being made Territories, as a condition of Republican peace, there will be no peace. The American people do not want such States, nor such citizens, and therefore do ot want any party to take the first step toward making them States 2nd citizens. No doubt that is what the Filipinos want, and from their standpoint we do not blame them. But there is also an American standpoint, which will be ignored by any party at its peril The Chronicle says that only “commercial and fis- cal union is demanded, not Anly as a means of pre- venting the commercial exploitation of a subject peo- ple, but aiso as the only means by which they can ever become loyal American citizens, or by which we can escape the cost and disgrace of holding in sub- jection a discontented and rebellious ta discovers ning in their midst a standing army of what they 11 consider an alien race.” Now we do not believe that the great body of Fili- r care a fig for commercial and fiscal union. They are not a commercial, industrial nor industrious people. Like all tropical people, they have no com- mercial ambition. wi duces a surplus for export is Chinese labor. tives do not dream of commercial greatness. Mr. Albert Sonnichsen has just published a book, “Ten Months a Captive Among the Filipinos,” which is indorsed by Dewey and other American officers, and also by papers of such opposite opinions as the Outlook, the Nation z2nd the New York Times. Son- nichsen agrees with nearly every other observer of the Philippine situation that the insurgent govern- ment had the practically unanimous support of the people, but they were willing to have peace on con- ditions stated by the Presidente of Ilocano, who fa- vored American rule but said: “The only ba: on which peace can be established between us and the Americans is the total abolition of monastic frater- nities and representation in your Congress, with home self-government. On no other terms will the insur- gents surrender, and, 2lthough they may be conquered by superior forces, the spark of rebellion will always remain ready to burst into flame at every oppor- tunity.” Not a word about the placeboic dose of commercial and fiscal union. They do not want a union whose benefits are to come to them only as the result of hard work. They can enjoy 2 political union, the indepen- dence of incorporation into the Union of the United States, without working. and that is what they want. The country can be exploited, but the people cannot be. Its exploitation can be brought about only by the employment of Chinese coolie labor, and the profit of the exploiters will arise in low wages and free ad- mission to the American market, which is whaf com- mercial and fiscal union means. The labor exploited in the operation will be Ameri- can labor, forced to meet coolie competition. Filipino labor cannot be exploited, for there is none. The na- The local Chinese slaves who change their names as they change their masters are inspired probably by the same reason by which a new name is given to a Tonah ship—deception. | of the forage; secured | people by main- | The labor in the islands which pro- | i has remained, become permanent, and is now followed | by another rise of 3 cents a pound right in the height of the grazing season, when the spring grasses are at their best and the conditions affecting the production of beef are in their most favorable phase. No sorcery | is needed to find the cause of this permanent rise in an important food article. It is found in the decrease of the supply. The most economical production of beef. is on the ranges, in the arid regions west of the 'nincty-ninth meridian. The cattle industry there has supplied the domestic demand and kept the slaught- ering centers busy packing for a growing foreign de- mand. But in the six years last past the range cattle | have decreased 6o per cent, the supply has fallen off | more than half, while the domestic demand increases with the population and the foreign demand spreads with the increase of ous export trade. | Cattle men know that to-day there are no big | steers left in the United States. The stock has been gleaned down until animals are slaughtered younger than ever before, and the calf crop is invaded to sup- ply the Butcher’s block. It takes three years to pro- duce a big steer, and with the younglings sent to the | poleax the crop of full age animals is cut off. This condition is brought about by the decrease in range cattle, and that in turn is due to the destruction | of the forage on the arid ranges of the public do- main. As these were used in common there has been no disposition to preserve the grasses. Each herds- man has eagerly secured what he could in the pres- ent and without regard to th® future. Finally, the ranges are being finished by sheep, which drive the cattle off and tramp and feed the forage clean, leaving neither root nor seed for renewal of the crop. The remnant of the cattle interest is in battle array | to protect grass enough to feed what cattle are left. The sheep have destroyed the fine public pastures in Southern Utah, and zre now being driven into Colo- rado and Nevada to encroach on the cattle ranges. The day that beef rose 3 cents a pound in Chicago cowboys at Gunnison, Colo., surrounded 5000 Utah sheep, made prisoners of the shepherds and killed | 2500 sheep. Similar war in Idaho and Wyoming, ontana and Arizona, has already been commented 1pon. | The sheep first drive out cattle and then destroy { what is left of the pasture, and have to be driven on | to repeat the operation, leaving the country a,desert | behind them. It is a struggle for existence on pub- i lic property, for the use of which there is ne law nor | regulation, except poison and the Winchester. The sheep men enjoy the benefit of a heavy wool tariff, get the feed for their sheep for nothing and destroy cattle-growing, to the injury of the beef- eater, who must pay higher prices. They inflict, there- Jfore, a triple exaction upon the people—the wool tariff, the destruction of public property on the ranges, and a higher price for beef. The remedy is simple, easily within reach and does no injustice to | the sheep or cattle interest. It lies in the leasing of small and large stock-owner, the mineral prospector | and the agricultural homesteader. Then those who | use this public property will pay for its use; each | stock man will keep his sheep and cattle on his own | leasehold; each will take an interest in the renewal | the ranges will carry more stock; the beef supply will increase, benefiting both the pro- | ducer and consu‘mer, and the wool tariff will Be safer | when the people feel that they are not paying it for | wool which is produced at their expense, on pastures | they own, unpaid for by the flock-masters. | The American Cattle-growers’ Association acknowl- | edges the justice of this leasing policy. The Ameri- can Wool:-growers’ Association opposes it. Individual | flock-masters, who own land already and know that | the nomad sheep men are endangering the wool tariff | by their aggressions, are also in favor of leasing. | A Western committee is organized to draft a lease bill for action by the next Congress. It is proposed | that the revenue from the leases, which are estimated at $10,000,000 a year, shall be returned to the States | and Territories where they are derived for use in irri- i gation works instead of demanding appropriations for | that purpose out of the Federal treasury. It is diffi- | cult to discern a reason for opposing such a law, out- side of mere selfishness expressed in a desire to get something for nothing. A vast portion of the public | domain in the arid regions is fit for grazing only. At jpresent that is its sole value, and therefore its only | value is being destroyed, permanently, by its use in 3 common. The approaching national convention of the Ep- !woflh League in San Francisco will have two mean- ings of deep importance to the city. We will welcome and entertain many thousands of men and women | whom we will care very much to meet, and we will | be seen by people whose impressions of us we will | strive to make the best iSENATO'R MORGAN’S PROGRAMME. | ENATOR MORGAN is not so much occupied | S with the task of providing a means for disfran- chising the negroes of Alabama without violat- | ing the letter of the constitution of the United States | as to be neglectful of the need of the Democratic party for guidance in national affairs. He has re- | cently contributed to the discussion of that subject a lengthy letter, in which he sets forth the platform | and the tactics by which he believes Democracy may win. % After an elaborate review of the situation as seen from his intensely partisan standpoint and extensive arguments upon various issues which he would have the Democratic party take up he summarizes the whole platform in this way: “A demand for the pay- ment of the national debt; for free markets, without payment of tasiff taxes, between each ard every port of the world that is included within the sovereign ownership and possession of the United States; for the old specie basis, as broad and solid as it can be made by all the treasures of gold and silver that we can control, at the ratio of 16 to 1, or ‘something equally as good’; for the annexation of Cuba, with the free consent of those people; for the government of the Philippines through acts of Congress, and offices created by law, with salaries fixed by law; and appointments to office, when made by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and not by legislators; and Judges whose official conduct shall be ‘in such manner as the President shall direct,’ as the Spooner amendment requites; the collection of the income taxes, as required by the Dingley tariff law, which is in force, according to the official admis- sion of the President; and by unrelenting opposition to all abuses of the powers of taxation.” It will be seen the old fighter is eager to fight all his battles o’er again. He wishes to revive the free trade agitation, the free silver controversy and the unconstitutional income tax. It will be noted that he | the arid ranges, under such regulation as protects the | FRANCISCO CALL, THURSDAY, JUNE 6, 1901 says the income tax is required by the Dingley tariff, that specioyts statement being based upon the assump- tion that the income tax of the Wilson law is still in force because after it had been decided to be unconsti- tutional Congress has never thought it worth while to repeal it.. That fight, therefore, would have to be made directly against the Supreme Court, and Democ- racy would have to go into a campaign pledged to enforce an income tax in spite of the court.- Of all the Democrats now in the Serate Morgan is at once the ablest and the blindest. He is at present directing his own State on a path that will certainly lead to evil results, and some of them may prove of sufficfent magnitude to affect the nation at large. He would also like to lead Democracy on paths as dan- gerous as that upon which Alabama has entered; and such is the confusion now prevailing in the ranks of that party that the aggressive and vindictive old man may actually succeed in getting it to adopt the extra- ordinary platform he has suggested. Sr——c——com—— According to a decision of the United States Su- preme Court corporations that have extended their mining shafts under the city of Leadville must pay for the privilege of working them, and it is estimated the royalty will amount to $2,000,000 a year. Leadville ought to be able to live easy on that. PREPARE FOR THE PRIMARIES. LTHOUGH: the municipal primary elections A are not to be held until August 13 it is none the less full time for good citizens to givé at- tention to them and to arrange for taking part in them. The politicians are already active, and it is a foregone conclusion that the bosses have their fol- lowing in readiness even at this early date. The first duty to be attended to is that of registra- tion. Citizens who were registered last year and who have not changed their residence need not regis- ter; but there are considerable numbers of persons entitled to register and to vote who are not in that category. The Registrar has recently issued a no- tice that his office is now open for registration for the primaries and will continue open for that purpose until the close of August 3. The following are en- titled to register and must do so if they desire to take part in the primaries: 1. All persons not registered at the last election, but who were entitled thereto. 2. All native male citizens who have arrived at age since the last general election. 3. All native male citizens not registered who have secured a residence in the State and county since the last general election. 4. All foreign-born citizens naturalized within ninety days next preceding the last general electifh, and all foreign-born citizens naturalized since the last general election and prior to May 15, 1901 6. All electors who have changed their residence from another county in this State to this county since the last general election, and prior to May 15, 1901. 6. All perseis who were registered, but by moving out of their respective precincts, or otherwise, have lost their right to vote. It is estimated that there are upward of 15,000 voters in the city who are entitled to register and to vote, but whose names have not yet been registered. Among them are quite sure tc be many of that class of citi- zens upon whom the municipality depends for the election of honedt and capable officials. Such men wrong not only themselves but their fellow citizens political duty of this kind, and accordingly any one who has not properly registered should at once attend to it. For a long time there has been-a demand on the part of good citizens for a law which will ensure hon- esty and fair dealing at the primaries. There is every reason to believe the present law fulfills those de- mands, but it is to be borne in mind it does no more than dfford men a right to vote and to have the vote counted. If good citizens stay away from the pri- maries we shall have no better municipal government than heretofore. The issue is before the citizens. The bosses will have every man of their following regis- tered and ready for voting when the election takes place, and unless the better elements of the com- munity are equally vigilant and active the victory will go to the bosses. THE FRENCH AND THE GERMANS: F the minor events connected with the joint O occupation of China by the allied troops none have been more interesting than the fre- quent manifestations of international likes and dis- likes among the rank and file of the various armies. a mutual hostility, but the reverse has been the case. In fact, the soldiers of the two former enemies have shown any liking for the British or for ourselves. A recent dispatch from Tientsin announced a serious terference of the British Fusileers, who were acting as a police, to prevent a number of French soldiers from housebreaking. The French, resenting the in- terference, attacked the British, and as soon as the affray became known a number of German soldiers went to the assistance of the French, and it was not until a strong guard was called out that the affray was checked. While the troopers of the two nations were thus showing in a rough way their friendliness a similar feeling was being exhibited in a widely different way in Germany itself. The Kaiser’s annual spring re- view of the g\ux‘fls at Berlin was attended this year by a number of French officers for the first time since the | Franco-Prussian war. - The Kaiser is said to have shown them marked attention at every stage of the review, and in the course of his speech at the ban- quet afterward he said: “The Brigade of Guards en- joys the honor of the presence of two gallant French officers among them for the first time in many years, as also for the first time French and German soldiers yhave fought shoulder to shoulder for civilization against a common foe in faithful and loyal brother- hood. I hail the fact with great satisfaction. I drink to the health of the two gallant officers and their glorious army.” The disappearance of the long hostility between the two races is a fact of great importance in European affairs. It is a striking evidence of the wisdom of the Kaiser’s policy of conciliation toward France and jus- tifies his action in dismissing Bismarck and getting rid of the old anti-French influences at his court. For many a year it was doubtful whether his repeated man- ifestations of a desire for friendly relations with France would have any marked effect, but it now seems they have been successful. By reason of the clash of in- terests between French and British in Africa French hostility has once more turned against the ancient foe, and for the present the Kaiser sees his hopes of a friendly France blossoming around him. He may yet live to see Frahce included in the famous alliance with Austria and Italy, and thus obtain for Germany and himself the undisputed headship of Western Eu- rope, with strength enough to undertake the greatest adventures his ambition may prompt. and the community as a whole when they neglect a | It might have been expected that the French and the | Germans, for example, would regard each other with i repeatedly fraternized, while neither of them has | affray among the troops in that city caused by the in- | 'PAPERS ON CURRENT ' TOPICS. By Dr. Walter In a preceding paper it was shown that man has risen to his present high estate because of the prolonged period of in- fancy or plasticity with which his species is endowed. Most of his advancement has been through the slow process of natural sele_c(lon. Child training implies that in- telligent advantage is to be taken of the natural processes of development, with a view to the most complete possible devel- opment of the individual. Child training, to bo intelligent or scientific, must be based upon the natural history of man’s development in all of its phases, together with the natural history of the environ- mental factors operative in modifying the d:w;elopment as predetermined by her- edity. Man’s lifc is frequently spoken of as threefold in character—physical, intellec- tual and moral. The subdivision is a con- venient one provided ‘it is recognized that the three phases are not absolutely dis- tinct from each other, but are closely correlated and interwoven. The development of the physical side of life is concerned with the body as a whole and its several organs, including the brain. The intellectual development is con- fleornned Wwith a certain phase of brain ac- Both these phases of life relate princi- vally to the individual. Moral development, however, has as its predominant concern the relation of the indlvidual to his fellows. The Aim of Child Training. The aim of child training may be stated to be to produce in the individual child the greatest intellectuality and highest morality that the individual is capable of attaining. The aim thus formulated must not be construed as excluding physical training, or ignoring the advantages of | first-class physical condition. On the con- ary, the highest possible physical per- fectlon is necessarily included in the aim, as without it the highest possible intellec- tual and moral development is not at- i tainable. The glorious achievements of the fighting line of an army would not long be maintained if the commissary de- partment failed in its function. As shown in the preceding paper the in- fant at birth is very incompletely devel- ! oped. Nevertheless it is endowed with a | heredity which predetermines in general the lines along which its development is to proceed, but specifically this develop- ment is determined by the environmental factors. On the whole, adaptation to en- vironment is expressed in the customs of society. These customs, established al- most entirely involuntarily, are over- whelmingly advantageous to the race, and he would be a bold man and a dangerous counselor who would advise sweeping and | far-reaching changes in well-established | customs. This is far from implying, how- ever, that existing customs are the best ossible adjustment to environment. It s practically certain, on. the contrary, that they are not, and that important advantages are to be gained by slight | modifications of customs, based upon an accurate knowledge of the totality of conditions and by adapting them to the demands of individual cases. Opinions are worth but little except as they are attempts to interpret facts, but facts are very precious, difficult to get, cost much in time, effort and money. It will be well, therefore, to inquire what agencies exist for the collection of facts rega.rdlng the development of the ch#ld and what agencies there are for the application of these facts. How Facts Are Collected. The duty of collecting facts relating to physical development, as well as the duty | of formulating the applications of these | Tacts, has been relegated to the so-called biologie professions, represented by zoolo- gists, anatomists, physiologists, patholo- gists’ and physiclans. These professions | have studied the normal development of the child both in structure and in func- tion. They have, moreover, studied the “influence of vicious environment in the production of abnormal or sathdoglcal conditions. It has been their duty to give us the natural history of normal nutri- tion, and the causes and effects of mal- nutrition; to work out the influence of climate and other geographic factors; to investigate the causes and effects of in- | fections; of proper and improper physical | activities and mental activities; to trace | the effects and diminish the damages of traumatism, and the effects of discipline to some extent come within their pur- view. But with all this work, and the numerous facts obtained and the exten- | sive generalizations rendered possible by these facts, many problems are pressing ! for solution and crying for more facts. The work has been done in laboratories, in the flelds and at the bedside. Of all the various agencies for work of this kind there are two kinds which stand pre- eminently forward as promising impor- tant results at present in the rmblem of child development and its corollary, child | training. ese two are laboratories for s;-callegd ¢hild study and children’s hos- pitals. Value of Children’s Hospitals. ‘Hospitals were originally established to | take care gratuitously of sick people who were unable to provide themselves with proper attention at home. This function of course still attaches to hospitals. But additional functions have been added. It was soon found that the large number of | cases of various diseases brought together ! in a large hospital afforded most excellent means for studying the natural history of disease. Then the hospitals became pro- vided with means for observing after death those results of the disease which could not be observed dfrectly dur- ing life. These means could not readily or conveniently be used at private homes, and it is a fact that nearly all our knowl- edge of morbid anatomy has been gained from the autopsies made in hospitals. .| When methods of treatment, such as those of modern surgery, came to demand an extensive and complex plant for their proper performance, Ylnnw whigh could not possibly be established at short no- tice, the hospital added to its previous functions and became a place which all requiring and desiring the best attention were glad to have provided for their needs. Now that methods of diagnosis are becoming more and more complex and require for their proper performance ad- juncts which cannot led to the private house, it is a fact that thé hum- blest patient in a well-equipped hospital can receive more. complete and therefore better attention than can be commanded in any private home. Functions of a Hospital. So that we are prepared to say to-day that every hospital to do fts whole duty by the community which supports it must perform three general functions. (1) It must take care of the sick intrusted to it, after the manner of the high modern medicine—that is, i the most complete possible Investigation of ‘each case for the purpose of thorough and comblete diagnosis, and must apply the best possible treatment which diagno- sls shows to be necessary. (2) It must keep such accurate id systematic rec- ords of its observation8 that not only may there never be any doubt of the condition of any patient at any time, but that new ‘truths may be deduced from the records so keot. in other words, it must do re: search work. (3 It must provide means for giving to the profession not only the results of this research work, but also the details of its methods of diagnosis and treatment. That is, it must be a teaching institution. To perform such functions it must have not only the ordinary staff of physicians and surgeons who give their services without compensation, but it must also have certain paid professional employes, nouhlfi a . pathologist and a chemist, who give their whole time to_the institution. Of these various functions which is the most important? To the patient undoubt- edly the first, but this function, in actual practice, will never be carried out satis- factorily unless the second and third are also in operation. To the community the PREPARED BY EXPERTS AND SPECIALISTS FOR - THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL. What Must Be Done to Give the Child Its Greatest Physical, Moral and In- tellectual Development. S. Christopher, PROFESSOR OF CHILDREN'S DISEASES, MEDICAL SCHOOL OF THE UNI- VERSITY OF ILLINOIS. (COPYRIGHT, 1%01.) XVI.—PRINCIPLES OF CHILD TBAIS!NG. second function {s by far the most im- portant, for it will give knowledge which can be -applied not only to the given pa- tlent, not only utilized by the community in which it has arisen, but which is of general applicability everywhere, within the scope which it specifically covers. All these remarks are true of hospitals in general, but why should children’s hospitals be especially established along such lines as are here outlined? All that has gone before in these papers shows that every fact relating to the natural history of child life is a fact utilizable for the benefit of the race in a construc- tive way, and not merely in a separative way. In pathology it promotes preven- tion, and “an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.” Physical Development of the Child. Important as is the mhtter of the physi- cal development of the child, it has not received the attention it deserves. The first formal treatise on the diseases of children was published in Sweden about 150 years ago, and the bulk of the world’s literature on’ that subject has been pro- duced in the past thirty years, and this in a profession which has existed for cen- turies. Even to-day the subject is treat- ed in a stepmotherly way in our medical colleges, comparatively few of which made adequate provision for its teaching. The term physical training, which is broad enough to cover the management of the whole body, has instead a very special and limited ‘meaning, referring en- tirely to gymnastic and ailied proceed tures. Physical training has for its pri mary ideal muscular development, and only incidentally the improvement of oth- er structures of the body. That exercise does influence all other structures of t] body is, of course, true; so also is it true | that improvement of other organs and structures influences secondarily the muscular system. Physical training may, and oftéen does, influence organs other than the muscles unfavorably, and its indiscriminate use is to be guarded against. It is a powerful engine, and that it is not always used with just discrimi- nation is not to be laid at its door. for it not a means of investigation, but merely of application, and principles modifying its use must be sought through other channels. Intellectual Development in Schools. The intellectual development of the child is intrusted to the schools, the greatest single institution which the race pos- sesses. If it was necessary to deplore the slow accumulation of knowledge relating to the physical development of the child, it is more necessary to deplore the still slower accumulation of knowledge relat- ing to the child’'s intellectual development. In both instances a priori ideas and meth- ods of application have predominated, and investigatiqgn of principles has lagged. The educational world was surprised some years ago by the intrusion of psy- chology into its domain. It is, however, gradually accommodating itself to the in- trusion. More recently it has met an- other intruder, in the shape of the so- called child study, which as yet has by no means received a warm welcome. Both these intruders have brought with them the idea of investigation. Each has as its function the determination of facts relat- ing to the development of the child, and from these facts the formulation of defi- nite laws of development, which must subsequently be used to modify the peda- gogic methods and subject matter. Schools were originally established to train the intellectual functions of the brain. The training of the other func- tions of the brain was left to the other actlvities of the child, which accomplished the work fairly well. So long as life was limited to relatively small communities where the activities of the children were numerous and varied a wide education occurred. But when the advancement of civilization _ produced conditions which prevented the child from coming into di- rect and frequent contact with nature this education failed. Contact with plant and animal life not only gave information concerning such objects, but trained the senses through which such information was obtained. The more natural, less so- phistical and wider range of plays and duties gave to the child of a generation ago an opportunity for motor training, of which he is to-day largely deprived. Such part of a child’s life is as truly education as is the intellectual training. The de- ficlency to-day of such training makes it necessary for some other agency to take up the work. This agency can only be the school, at least for the overwhelming ma- jority of the children in large cities. The schools are attempting this new duty and thus there appears in the modern curric- ulum manual training and other con- structive work, drawing, music, study and rhy!lcal tralning. the schools, otiginally organized for the pur- pose of promoting the development of the intellectual _function of the brain, find themselves forced to moderate the devel- ?ment of the whole brain In all its func- ons. Proper Studies for Schools. In this way there in a true criterion of the propriety of the introduction into the curriculum of any proposed work. If that worktends to training any function of the brain, not otherwise vided for, it is a proper subject for the schools, not a “fad.” If it does not this re- quirement it is not proper school work. Applying this test to the curriculum now in effect it will be found that not all the subjects meet this requirement. The dan- ger of overloading the course of study is one which is very real, but it will cer- tainly be found, when jnore of the laws of child development ar® established, that all the results of the old work, and also the benefits of the new, can be had with- out additional labor on the part of the child or increase m the time of school work. To hasten this end much investi-" Igaflon must be made in the line of child study. This subject has been much culti- vated by private investigators, and much 80O work accomplished, but certain phases of it can be prosecuted success- ully only under the immediate direction of the school authorities. The action of the Chicago Board of Education in es- tablishing a department of child study in tie system of schoois under its charge is thus far unique, but it would seem that it ought to be followed in other large cities, so that the combined efforts of sev- eral such departments could give to the educational world the results of their la- bors, and in this way promote the adjust- f school - work. has a by means of which it can test the of existing methods and determine wh T or not these methods train the brain as .t mak ‘h to cation es an approac! vidualistic work which is valuable. FBthical Training of the Child. ‘When the ethical training of the child is considered great difficulties are encoun- tered. The home is, of course, the tution for this part of child training, but when the wide variation in the ties of Individual homes is consid , some additional agency seems demanded. The church has assumed this function, on the tially E failed to investigate for us the laws of the de- velopment of ethics. Whichever one of the numerous theories of the genesis of ethics we may accept, we must admit that the laws of the development of ethical nature of the individual child are not known, and until they aye, discussion of ethical training must ' be largely theoretical and unprofitable. The world is filled to-day with s whe studying the problem of the child, some to establish new truths and some to apply them, and no more hopeful move- ment for civilization was ever undertaken. ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS FUNNY PARAGRAPHS-J. and T., City, | Such funny paragraphs as ares not copy- righted ar¢ eommon property and may be | used by any newspaper, with the expecta- j tion, of course, that the paper using such wm:kiva credit to the one from which it is taken. STOLEN PROPERTY—M., City. If a person has jewelry or any other property stolen from him and subsequently discov- | ers that it is in the possession of a per- | son who may not be the one who stole it | he has the right to go before the Police | Court_authorities, obtain a search war- rant, have the property taken by a police officer and then prove ownership in cour:. If he proves that the property was stolen and also proves ownership the property will be restored to him without cost. He will not be required to pay anything to 't;l.\ex perty from whose possession it was taken. ——— Choice candies, Townsend's, Palace Hotel* R —— Cadl. glace fruit 50c per b at Townsend's.* — e Best eyeglasses, specs, 10 to 40c. Look out for 81 Fourth, front of barber and grocery.* e ———— ——— ‘Wimbleton—Hello, old man: have you taught your dog any new tricks lately? | Quimbleton—Yes; I"ve been teaching him to eat out of my hand. He ate a big piece out of it yesterday.—Harvard Lam- poon. [ ———— Tahiti and Marquesas Islands. The steamship Australia, sailing June 2, for Tahiti, will call at Nouka Hiva, Marquesas Islands, both ways. The trip is only nine days from San Francisco. This special voyage of- fers an unusual opportunity to visit these beautiful islands. About a week's stop Wil be made in Tahiti, where ome of the mgst unique native festivitles takes place July /11, lasting three days. Hlustrated pamphlet and _programme of | events free at 643 Market street. ———— e \ . Shake Into Your Shoes Allen’sFoot-Ease,a powder. It makes tightor new shees feel easy. Cures Corns, Bunions, Swolle TTired, Sweating. Aching feet. 10,000 testimonials. At all druggists and shoestores, 25c. Ask to-day. ‘Sample free.AddressAllenS.Olmsted, LeRoy,N. Y. —— Nothing so refreshing as a half wineglass of Dr.Siegert's AngosturaBitters before meals, the South American appetizer. Beware of imitation. 00000000000000 oococoooo000000f: 00000000000000 00000000000000 0000005000000 00000000000000 America Who Rides a Steer in Prefer- cncetoa Horse 000G00006000000, 00000000000000 60000000000®00 oo000000000000 0000000000000 B AN~ o P P THE LATEST FASHIONS IN LINGEREE. . 00000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000006000000. 00000000000000000000000000. 000000000000000003000000000 ©00000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 00060000000000606000 ©0000080000000000000000000, 00000000000000000000000000 000006000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 THE “FRAT” HOUSES AT STANFORD. 00000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000 00000000000000 00000000000000 ococ0000000000 0000000000000 lo0000000000000 00000000000000 o [00000000000000 00000000000000 ©00000000000000 ©0000000000000 00000000000000: 0000000000000 e e e —