The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, May 21, 1901, Page 6

THE SA THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. HE Presbyterian General 7Asscmbly, now in ses- Che ke Call. sion in Philadelphia, complimented the West by JOHN D. SPRECKELS, Proprietor. PUBLICATION OFFICE...Market and Third, S. F. Telephone Press 20 1. EDITORIAL ROOMS 217 ¢ Telephone Pre: Delivered we Carriers. 15 Centd Per Week. mgle Coples. § Centn. Termn by Mall, Including Postage: “VATLY CALL ¢ncluding Sunday), one year., TATLY CALL (including Sunday), § months. DAILY CALL (Includine funday), 3 months. 221 Stevenson St. 202. All postmasters nre o subscriptions. €ample coples will be forwarded when requested. Mafl suhecrihore in ordering chanes of addrese should b rarticular to give both NEW AND CLD ADDRESS in order %o inture & prompt and correct compliatce with thelr Tequest. OAKLAND OFFICE .. + ++.1118 Droadway €. GFORGE KROGYFSS. Yareger Fereign Advertising, Marguette Building, Chieag). derg Distance Telephone “Central 2618.”) XEW TORK REPRESENTATIVE: €. C. CARLTON:. .Her: Square KEW YORK REPRESENTATIVE: - 30 Tribune Bullding XEW YORK i Waldors-Artoria Hotel; A. Brentano, Murray E!l Hotel. CHICARO NEWS STANDS: Eberman House: P. O. News Co.; Great Northern Hotel: ¥remont House; Auditorfum Hotel. SBRANCH OFFICES—I21 Montgomery, sorner of Clav, open unti] 5:30 c'clock. 300 Haves, open until 9:30 o'clock. 33 McAllister, open untfl $:30 o'clock. 615 Larkin. open until #20 c'clock. 1M1 Mission, open untfl 10 o'clock. 2261 Market. corner Sixteenth. open until § o'cleck. 1096 Valencia, open urtl § o'clock. 1% Fleventh, open until 9 o'clock. NW. co=- ner Twenty-second and Kentucky, open until 9 o'clock. 2200 Fillmore, open until 8 p. m. _— EWS STANDS: 31 Union Square: AMUSEMENTS. Tivoli—""The Toy Maker.” Orpheum—Vaudeville. *“The First Born" and “Gloriana.” Grand Opera-hovse—'"The Queen of Chinatown.” California—"‘Barbara Frietchie.” hadows of a Greaf City.” y corner Mason and Eddy streets—Specialties. Chutes, Zoo and Theater—Vaudeville every afternoon and evening Fischer's—Vavdevilie. Alhambra—Benefit Children's Hospital, Jene 1 Sutro Baths—Swimming. Emeryville Racetrack—Races to-day. AUCTION SALES. Saturday matinee, By S Watkine—This da: s at 11 o'clock, Horses, Buggies, etc., at 1140 Folsom street. head of driving and business horses, at 1732 Market street. 70 SUBSCRIBERS LEAYING TOWN FOR THE SUNMER, Call subscribers contemplating a change eof Fesidence during the summer months can have th paper forwarded by mail to their new ®ddresses by notifying The Call Dusiness Office. This paper will also be on sale at all scmmer Fesorts and is represented by a local agent im ®il towss en the coast. I a scale of lavish expenditure, for the reception and entertainment of the President. By far the greater part of these plans went to wreck when the ill- ness of the President’s wife made impossible his par- ticipation in the functions prepared in his honor. In such a large and enthusiastic population as ours it might have been expected that there would have been expressions of disappointment at the curtailing of such a programme. But none has been heard. Our people forgot all else in heartfelt solicitude, and there was no pretense in the hush that fell upon the city when the bulletins of the physicians told of the serious condition of their patient, and every man went to the impulses of his own heart and found there genuine OREGON CRITICISM. N San Francisco great preparations were made, on sympathy for the President as the sole sentiment worthy to be entertained. It may not be expected, therefore, that we feel kindly toward the source of ungracious criticism and unmanly complaint. - The only break in the general spirit of fello ip with the President in his anxiety is found in the columus of the Portland Oregonian, | which has exploited its meanness of spirit in small and annoying editoria! flings at the President, insinu- ating his responsibility for a disappointment which good men do not feel. The ‘general sentiment is that President McKinley's example of devotion to his wife is about as useful as any that he could set ior his fellow citizens to follow. Suppose he had done otherwise, and had left his wife & home to suffer from an unusual separation and perhaps endure equal illness in his absence, or had left her sickroom to take part in the cheerful func- tions intended for h would American manhood and womanhood have been inspired as highly as they have been by his natural, human and most proper course? The heartless and unfeeling style in which the Oregonian speaks of Mrs. McKinley will not soon be forgotten. and m, chival is disgraceful and its editor. None could wife or any ot to the paper ave foreseen that the President, his er member of the party would not succumb to iiln Yet the Oregonian plainly insists that for m tc be attacked by disabling sick- ness is something4hat calls for popular resentment. ny of We leave the Oregonian and its exhibition of bad | taste and bad temper, amounting to coarseness and brutality, to the judgment of the well-ordered and good-mannered people of Oregon. It is unable to injure the President, but may injure a community which it misrepresents. The refusal of the Queen of Holland tg pay her | husband’s debts has raised a pretty controversy among folks who are interested in royalty. One side says the refusal is a sign the Queen doesn’t love her hus- band, while the other side asserts it is nothing more than an evidence that she is so sentimental she doesn’t know that love has anything to do with money. The Sultan of Turkey has sent an embassy to China, and while it is not known whether the intention of the Turk is to sympathize with the Chinese or to demand a share in the loot of the other powers, there is something significant in the fact that the sending of the embassy is said to have been prompted by the | Kaises. A French philosopher claims to have discovered that the Anglo-Saxon race is dying out because the women wotld rather practice law, lecture or play golf than to raise children. The theory is interesting, and would have beén important but for the fact that the race is not dying out. e e A Address All Communieations t W. 8. LEAKE, Msnager. WATAGER'S OFFICE........Telephone Press 204 M A R e s e s By Fred H. Chase—Thursday, May 23, at 11 o'clock, sixty It is not an expression of Western | T | selecting as its moderator Rev. Dr. H. C. Min- ton of California. His Sunday sermon in Calvary Church was heard by a great congregation, and of course was able and impressive. He improved the op- portunity to opefi a discussion between the church he represents and the public school system of the coun- try.. He said: “God forbid that I should say an ill word against our public school system, the safeguard of our nation; but is the educational machinery sub- sidiary to the only worthy end, of fashioning charac- ter? Have we, so morbidly afraid of uniting church and state, gone so far as to disunite God from the state? This is a most serious question. The faith of our sons and daughters is involved, and the kingdom of God in our country is involved. It is not an or- ganized skepticism that threatens, but a God-forgot- ten secularism.” This sober utterance brings up the old discussion of the natuge and purpose of civil government. An- ciently government was theocratic. The kingdoms and empires that preceded or were concurrent with the Jewish commonwealth were, like it, theocratic. From it the system descended to modern ages. The first foundations of government on this continent were | distinctly theocratic. But that impulse spent itself, and during; the last century and a half government has progressed toward pure secularism. The state is now recognized as a secular institution entirely, wherever it is republi- can in form. When governméht was theocratic the church was first, taking precedence of the state, and naturally the education of the people was its concern, and they were educated for the purposes of the church, the purposes of the state being incidental. When this republic was founded the establishment was made secular. Withdrawing from relations with the church, it ordained the equality of all forms of the religious.idea, and made it impossible for any to exist by toleration, since to tolerate anything implies the power to forbid it. The various forms were left independent, to exist by their merits and by such ap- | peal as they could make to the enlightefted reason and conscience of man. As a necessary condition of this equality the state took charge OF education. The the- ory of our public sehool system is that as the state rests upon the,,i'fi.lelligence of the people, it has the right to educate them solely for the secular purposes ! of the state. This is the direct antithesis of the theo- cratic method. ~When the church educates—and we | use the term “church” in its inclusive sense, meaning the whole assembly of religious bodies of all creeds— | it educates for the purposes of the church primarily, | the state being secondary. There can be no compromise between the two the- | cries and the systems that spring from them. Rev. Dr. Minton shows this plainly in his strongly put | statement. Secularism, which means the material ends | which the state promotes, is, in his opinion, the dis- | union of God and the state. He stands in denial of | the possibility of fashioning character in the secular schools. So it will 'be seen that there is no middle ground between the two theories. The state stands impeached of inability properly to form character by | dirccting the education of the people, and the church is put forward as the sole trustee of that function. The issue joined is very distinct, and there are many | indications that in* publie discussion, and perhaps in | American politics, it may soon displace all other is- sues and ¢come into focus for a trial of strength and an attempt to reverse the judgment of the founders of the republic. Just at this time the raising of the question is full | of interest, bgcause Rosebery and other English | statesmen in seeking the reason for the sudden and irresistible advance in material power of the United i States, which threatens the commerce and industry of the whole world with subjection, find it in our public | sthool system. The mainspring in our remarkable | advance is believed to be the initiative of our people. | Every man is a thinking unit, capable of action under any circumstances, without waiting for orders nor looking further for authority than to his own knowl- | edge. This initiative is acquired in the public schools, and has come to be the quality which the state de- | sires for its purposes. It is not possessed by any | people trained by any other system. The public schools are supported by taxation of all the people. The taxing power is secular and civil. If the schools cease to be secular, or their secularity is at all diluted, it will be seen that to that extent taxa- tion for their support becomes a tithing process for the purposes of the church and not of the state. Such taxation would be obnoxious to the provisions of the Federal constitution, so we do not go far in the direc- tion toward which Dr. Minton points until we run | against the fundamental law. Perhaps it will be well if the issue come up for dis- cussion, since a system so long in action comes to be | taken as a matter of 8ourse by the people, and they lose sight of its origin and the reason for its existence. { | | It is said the Illinois Central has equipped a train "with machinery fot constructing good highways and iwill send it out with a crew to give object lessons in good road building along all of its lines from Chi- cago to New Orleans. There’s a good example for | the Southern Pacific to follow. OUR WORK IN CHINA. HE American relief expedition to China is in process of withdrawal. Its mission is accom- plished, and every step that it took reflected honor upon the moral and military character of the Uniteg States. This country never appeared anywhere in a more creditable light than in the difficult, delicate and vexatious situation in China. The President and Secretary Hay have treated that empire from the standpoint of the highest justice. " They have added not a featherweight tc its burden of humiliation, but have done what they could, and accomplished greatly, in the lightening of that load. This land is proud of them and their work, and we point to it as a real missionary service, though ren- dered entirely as a civil matter of government. It not only stands as a model for other Governments and a standard by which they will be judged in history, but as an exxmple to the missionaries themselves, who | have not scrupled to criticize it and declare their | preference for the methods of other allies, which were | fashioned by any rule except the golden. We believe the other nations will find it hard to finally differ very widely from the prinfiples which this country has observed. Every Government must in a measure respond to the public opinion that | its people form and express, and the people are not blind to the justice and righteousn'ess of the position of the United States, nor unaware of the benefits that must issue therefrom.- The bloodthirst is passing away and reason is asserting control of the public mind of England, France, Germany and even Russia. We may -therefore anticipate that the final settle- ment with China will approximate closely the just and lworthy views of the President and Secretary of State, | “its men. and they will not only have gained a new laurel*for the ‘administration, but a permanent honor for their country. UNIVERSITY OF THE PAGIFIC. REPORTS of the sanguine hopefulness and general enthusiasm of all concerned in the celebration of the jubilee of the University of the Pacific will be read with gratification throughout the State. The university is the “first institution ‘founded on this coast by the pioneers for the higher education of youth. The teachers of the old missions had done a noble and useful work, and for all time to come the people of California will owe to them a grateful smemory; but with the coming of the new order of things there came a demand for a new sys- tem of education, and the University of the Pacific was the first institution of its kind to arise to meet that demand. \ The pioneers of California have been so frequently confounded with the adventurers who came merely to seek-gold or to lead wild lives that it is important to direct attention at all times to those evidences which attest the difference between them. The pioneers sought wealth not for itself alone but for the pur- pose of laying the foundations of a well-ordered so- ciety and a greap commonwealth. Among those evi- dences none are more impressive than the establish- ment of schools and colleges destined for all time. Such seats of learning as the University of the Pacific, Santa Clara College and others of a like nature attest to the world the true character of the pioncers and vindicate them from the supposition that they aimed at nothing more than gold and a life of lawless liberty. For fifty years the University of the Pacific has | fought the guod‘ fight for liberal educa(ioln against heavy odds and under adverse circumstances. It had in its favor only the advantage of a happy location and the support of earnest mest and women of the Meth- odist church, by which organization it was founded and has been ever since maintained. For a long time it has had to carry a heavy burden of debt, but re- cently the indebtedness has been paid off, and the in- stitution enters upon its second fifty years with fair prospects and the sustaining strength of a body of | alumni who look to it not only‘with gratitude but with pride and hopefulness. \ « It is becoming more and more evident that the great universities of the country will never suffice all the needs of higher education in America, and, despite their wealth and their increasing prestige, there are still many advantages to be counted on the side of the smaller colleges and universities. These advantages have been frankly recognized and pointed out even by professors and presidents of the larger | universities, and it is not likely they will ever be over- looked by the earnest and studious youth of -the | country. - Consequently as California grows the Uni- versity of the Pacific will grow also. g It is to be remembered, moreover, that the term “smaller college” is merely a comparative one. The University of the Pacific, though counted small in comparison with that at Berkeley or at Palo Alto, nevertheless would have been accounted a great in- | stitution in any part of the country fifty years ago, and still ranks far above many other universities that are justly counted important in the localities whose people they serve. Judged by its work in the past, by what it is doing now and by its hopes of the future, it_may rightly claim a high rank among the educa- tional forces that help to elevate American life, and its jubilee, therefore, is one in which all good citizens may share in the enthusiasm and expectations ‘of its members. ErT e a——r THE NEGRO AND HIS PROBLEM. E learn from the Mobile Register that at a recent conferefice of the negroes of Alabama v ~ at Camp Hill there were adopted a series of resolutions which, after declaring a belief “that the Almighty God suffered the negro to be a slave to the white-man a short time on the American soil, that he might imbibe the principles of civilization and lib- erty,” went on to add: Whereas, The calling of a constitutional convention in the 3tate of Alabama to disfranchise the negro is but the voice ot the Almighty God summoning him (the | negro) to return to his native land, Africa, be it Resolved, That this organization shall be known as the Afro-American Exodus Union; be it Resolved, further, That every negro in the State of Alabama usc every effort to liguidate his debts, all his time at work and live economical that he may Lave means of exit when called upon by the Afro-American Exodus Union to colonize in Africa. Commentng upon the event the Register exclaims of “the pity of it” and “the pathos of it.” There is a suggestion that the resolutions express the desire of a few scherfiers who hope to make money out of the exodus of negroes to Africa, rather than the general sentiment of the negroes; but it is admitted that even if the suggestion be true there would still be cause of sadness in the fact that an assembly of fairly intelli- gent negroes should have been persuaded to adopt them. Whether the resolutions proceeded from deception or from despair of any advance for their race in this country, it is none the less clear that such ideas should be combatted. In fact it might be worth while for the Southern States to investigate whether there be not some fraudulent scheme back of this new agitation in favor of negro migration. The more intelligent negroes are not likely to be deceived by it, for they know that this is their country and that there is really no place for them in Africa. Professor Booker Wash- ington and others of his school have the right counsel for the.colored people. There is a future in this coun- try for any man, white or black, who is industrious, thrifty and of good morals. It is doubtful if the Al- mighty had anything whatever to do with calling the Alabama constitutional convention, but if he had it is certain he did not intend it as a voice summoning the negro to return to Africa. Congressman Latimer of South Carolina, who is a candidate to succeed Senator McLaurin, does not be- lieve.in the new departure in the South. In a recent interview he said: “It may be that some of the mon- eyed men, the bankers, the mill-owners and capital- ists may incline to Republican principles, but they are scattering and are in”considerable minority.” It ap- pears, then, that Democracy in South Carolina is to fight the men who are building up the industries and advancing the welfare of the State, but just what is to be gained by the fight is not clear to outsiders. During the month of April there were 183 suicides in New York City, and during the first week in May there were no less than eight trials for murder or manslaughter going on in New England, so it looks as if the population of that section might be com- fortably thinned out before winter. Chicago has a masher 60 years old who has man- aged to get engaged to twenty-seven women within three months and to obtain thoney or jewelry from every one of them; and now the city is bragging of the fact as an evidence of the fascinating manners of ‘0 CALL, TUESDAY, MAY 21,.100%L.. PAPERS, ON THE SAN FR ‘Whoever undertakes to write a record of the nineteenth century must place to the credit of King Leopold of Belgium and his people the opening up and the civilization of one of the richest coun- tries of the tropics. To be sure, King Leopold has had able licutenants in the gigantic task that he undertook in Africa, but to him are due the incentive, the in- spiration, the ideas, while those who sur- round nim execute those ideas with honor to themselves and satisfaction to their leader. y The fact that Leopold II is sovereign of the Congo Free State leads many into the belief that that country is, after all, but a colony of Belgium. This is by no means the case, for though it is true that the entire Government of the Central African natfon is in the hands of Bel- glans who have entered its service, the State owes allegiance to no country or people. Belgium, however, has a finan- cial claim on the revenues of the State, for by virtue of a treaty dated July 1. 18%, the Belgian Government agreed to loan to the Free State the sum of $5,000,- 000, $1,000,000 to be paid down on the sign- ing of the convention and $400,000 annual- ly for ten years. Six months after the last payment—made in August, 1900—the Belgian® Government reserved the right to annex the entire Congo Free State as 2 colony. x The Government, however, is not dis- posed to raise the question of annexation, as the majority in Parliament is opposed P CURRENT TOPICS. PREPAREb; BY EXPERTS AND SPECIALISTS FOR How King Leopold of Belgium Opened Up to Civilization One of the Richest Countries of the Tropics. By Harry Tuck Sherman. (COPYRIGHT, 1%01) XIV.—THE CONGO FREE STATE. ANCISCO CALL. i perience goes tar toward enlightening the rulers of this cnormous tropical land. It is quite certain that no more abuses exist in the valley of the Congo River than in any other African colony, whether Brit- ish, Dutch or French. This is saying much, for the Belgians have been in Cen- tral Africa but fifteen years, while the British and Dutch colonies are old. People of the Congo Free State. One of the most interesting features of the Congo Freo State is its people, who are divided into many tribes, all differing essentially from one another. Apart from | some well-known _individuals, such as Muene Putu and Muata Yamvo, in the south; Munza ond the Sultans Sémio and Djabbir in the north, the latter reigning over a large area, the population of the valley of the Congo lives in independent | tribes, each under the rule of a chief whose power is over a number of subjects not greater than the population of a me- dium-sized European village. Most of the native villages contain no more than fifty habitations, which include a population of from 200 to 250. . The defense of such an enormous terri- tory as that of the Congo Valley was at first an almost hopeless problem and yet from 110 men in 1859 the armed force rose | to 12,000 In 1900. This ‘force publique” is the guardian of the peace, the guaranty of the state’s security, and may be ranked among the best of colonial armies. Or- ganized, Instructed and disciplined by Bel- glan officers, the Belgians are naturally Very proud of its well known and fully recognized efficiency, for it has freed the | state from the Arabs and protected its; frontier from invasion—notakbly from the | | | | | i to it. The Free State retains the loan for another ten years, paying interest at the rate of 2% per cent, no Interest having Ibeen paid during the first period of ten | years. This, then, is the only bond of | union between the two countries beyond | v.l;e fact that they have the same sover- eign. An Enormous Country. Covering an enormous area, the Congo Free State lies on the equator, extend- ing five degrees to the north and fourteen degrees _to the south. Of course the Congo River is a most valuable feature ot the new country and is navigable from its mouth to Stanley Falls, a distance of 900 miles, with the exception of the rapids and falls from Yelala to Leopoldville on Stanley Pool, a distance of 250 miles. The union of the two navigable portions was perity of the State. In fact, Stanley were not built all the Congo Free State would not be worth a dollar. This warning was heeded and Colonel Thys, often called the Belgian Cecil | Rhodes, started the project, which at | first seemed an almost impossible task. After years of labor the rallway was opened in July, 1898, and its inauguration brought the riches of the land to the very doors of the civilized world. Splendid first-class passenger steamers now_ run | regularly f‘;om European ports to Boma | and Matadi, and these, together with the | railway, bring Antwerp, the world's mar- | ket for the rich Congo produce, within | twenty days of Stanley Falls. The resources of this vast, fertile terri- tory are beundless and the field for new enterprises is without limit. Of most value at present are the supplies of india- rubber and_ivory. The profits realized in dealing in those products are enor- mous. System of Government. The administration of such a huge coun- try, peopled by millions of savages, has proved one of the greatest problems of | colonization that any body of men ever attempted to solve. The supreme power is vested in King Leopold, and the central government, with its seat in Brussels, is laced under the immediate control of a cretary of State, assisted by his chief secretary, a general treasurer and three eneral secretaries, who preside over the aepa.rtmentu of forelgn affairs, finance and the interior. In Brussels also sits the Con- go Free State Supreme Court of Appeals, composed of some of the lendlnf members of the Bagian bar, and to which all ap- eal cases are sent from Boma. ¥From gruuell are issued all laws and decrees, and the local government, with its seat at Boma, acts in obedience to the King an his advisers in Brusgels. The fact that the central governmeht is at Brussels is merely a matter of convenience to enable the King to be in constant and direct comtnunfcatlun with his functionaries. Secretary of State for the Congo. Next to King Leopold the chief figure in the management of the affairs of this vast new country is Baron Van Eetvelde, the King's Secretary of State for the Con- go. To him is due the credit for the splendid organization both of internal and of foreign affairs. At Brussels, where he is in constant communication with King Leopold, he strives against great obsta- cles to clivilization and progress, combat- ing the Arabs, who continually seek to escape the vigilance of the Congo Govern- ment and carry on the slave trade, lis- fening to the complaints of the missiona- ries and introducing new reforms. At Boma resides the Governor General, the State Inspector and several directors of departments, all of whom, together with the Judge of Appeal, the keeper of deeds and a certaMi number of other members, not exceeding _five, form the Governor General's consulting committee. The different departments are those of justice, transportation, marine, public works, commissary. agriculture and in- dustry, defense, public force and finance. " For purposes of administration the State is subdivided into districts, over each of which is placed a district commissioner or deputy governor. The district, if very far from the seat of government, is again subdivided into zones, presided over by chiefs of zones, who correspond directly ‘with the Governor, thon%: reporting ail their communications to the district com- missioner, under whose authority they are directly placed. Native Chiefs Are Recognized. In October, 1801, a royal decree recog- nized the rank of the native chiefs, plac- ng them under the authority of the dis- trfct commissioner or his delegate. This measure has greatly assisted the work of organization. ustice is administered as far as possi- ble on the lines of the French code, which is the system in practice in Belgium. The B o with; Special, s Tor. tho e Belgian-law, spe aws for ;hrotectm of the natives and their inter- ests: Vi ery year sces a great | l mén'ovimem in i matters of #dministration and j ustice. Bx- { absolutely essential to the future pros-| warned King Leopold that if a railway ; fanatical dervishes—has successfully | uuenea the internal feuds among nauve tribes, protected tke stations and guaran- | teed the freédom and safety of the routes, | seen to the execution of the judgments of | the tribunals, and, in short, acted as the | right hand of the Government. Schools and Missions. The Congo Fiee State has realized from the very first the importance of the | spiritual welfare of the nation and its first effort is direcied toward the child, but having as its principle the respecting | of native liberty it In no way interferes | with the education of those children to- ward whom the yaren(s accomplish their duty; the task of winning these children i to what we consider a civilized education is left to the missions. The state takes | ander its wing all children whq are aban- donea, those who have been rescued from the Arab slave traders and those whom j the parents willfully neglect. For these children schcols have been established taroughout the state, and there the rising black generation ‘s taught every conceiv- able trade destined to be of any use in| Africa. Besides these schools, which may be cempared with our orphan asylums, there are mission schools, numerous, well condvcted and giving really gratifying re- sults. And yet children are not the only ones who go' to school in the Congo, for every station, every camp, every post, every workshop or workyard is a real school governed by wise rules and regu- iations, where, by contact with the white r'an, the native familiarizes himself with what we flatter ourselves is the highest | degree of civillzation, our own. i Protestant missions flourish alongside of the Catholic missions and all are doing good work with practical results. Results of the Great Enterprise. Many voices have been raised against the state, its government and its King: scme missionaries have called the atten- tion of Christianity to what they con- sider tc be terrible abuses: district agents of large companies holding important con- cessions have been discovered perpstrat- ing the gravest of lemeanors; some Furopeans in power have been accused of murder and crimes even more terrible, committed through abuse of their power cover the blacks when all superior aufthor- ity has been too far away to keep its watchful eye upon them. Yet in évery case that has been brought to light the young state has never tried to hide its | shume, but has made every endeavor to | bring the miscreants to justice. In such a new country, such a vast territory as the Congo, no nation has ever succeeded in organizing such a govern- ment, in the short space of fifteen years, | as that organized by King Leopold and his able supporters. From every point of view it may justly be said that the Bel- gians have worked marvels in Central Africa and King Leopold, whose life work it has been, is now gathering the fruits of his labors, and his subjects are reap- ing the benefit of that country, whose riches are a_source of steadily increasing profits to those who have risked their | capital there. The industry of Belgium has found a new outlet, the home mar- kets have become animated by the steady influx of the Congo’s tropical products and beforc many years we may safely count upon the Congo Free State as the wealthiest and most Drosperous of all trepical countries. CHANCE To SMILE. “What brought you here, my poo: man?”’ inquired the prison visitor. L . ‘““Well, lady,” replied the prisoner, *“I guess my trouble started from attendin’ tooAfllan‘:; we\l‘ldln‘l.(;' 5 “Ah! You learned to drink s g}, ‘nelrhdapsz' : e “No, lady; I was always Eraom® o RhIRdeIDils Proser T o Fanry—Now, when I asked to sing I never say, “Oh, I can’t!" s e el e e audience fi for themselves?—Tit Bits. nd it out New Boarder—Why does your landlady place an extra fork beside sconitg gt tl}ie Tl;’den.' 2% istewat oarder—These are the on behindhand with their board. l_}h"hgx%;: fork means “fork over!"—Boston Post. Ethel—You know, I want lnfiaslly leased. A huatiand St aud—Don’t worry, dear. 5 kind yow'll get.—Tit-Bits. ST b Close Work —Gladys—Di by _surprise? y 9 e klu_ g Ethel—Dear me. yes! Why, . had time to pucker Up my Nps-Judge oY | A girlish ignorance—La a egard. who {s studying the habits ot o . L made the Lick nis headquarters. the democ- racy, determines to % Lady H.—Conductor, tell the m?-"'t?";fi topb‘l:‘. th Berkeley square, and then home. - ch. & it PERSONAL MENTION. B. Deloray, a mining man of Sonora, Is at the Lick. W. E. @brber, a Sacramento merchant, is registered at the Palace. Speaker C. W. Pendleton is up from Los Angeles and is at the Grand. Edwfn A. Meserve, a prominent atlor- ney of Los Angeles, is at the Grand. The Rev. Father Hugh McNamee of Santa Cruz is registered at the Lick. T. W. Cameron, a prominent attorney of Los Angeles, is a guest at the Palace. W. P. Hammon, a mining man, with headquarters at Oroville, is at the Palace. H. 1. Seymour, a Southern Pacific Com- pany official at cramento, is at the Grand. John W. Gilman, a retired wholesale liquor dealer of Boston, Is staying at the Palace with his wife. L. A. Hagy has been temporarily ap- pointed ticket and passenger agent of the Pernsylvania lines in this city. Charles A. Roder, a lumberman of Albion, is in the city on business and has H. D. Rucker, a prominent Democratic politician of Bridgeport, Ky., is touring the coast, accompanied by his wife. They arrived at the Palace last evening. —_————————— CALIFORNIANS IN WASHINGTON WASHINGTON, May 20.—The following Californians arrived here to-day and reg- istered as follows: At the Raleigh--J. J. Stubbs, H. T. Scott, A. C. Rulofson, Wil- Ham T. Herrin, W. C. Martin and W. R. Wheeler and wife, of San Francisco: at the Arlington—C. S. Young, Ray M. Pike and E. S. Pilisbury, of San Franelsco, and W. H. Crothers and wife of San Jose. ANSWERS TO QUERIES STATIONARY ENGINEERE-D. E. M., City. There is no law in California re- quiring stationary engineers to procure a license. COMIC PAPER—G. E., Pacheco, Cal Puck or Judge, as a comic paper, holds the same relative position in the United States that Punch does in England. ESCHEATED ESTATES'D. M. R. Washington, D. C. For information about escheated estates in California communicate with. the Attorney General, Sacramento. MEXICAN CONSULS—J. K. S, Laurel Station, Cal. The Consul at San Francis- co for the Republic of Mexico is A. K. Ceney, Mongomery and Commercial streets. Mazatlan and Guaymas come under his jurisdiction. INYO COUNTY MINE—V. T. H,, New York, N. Y. There is a mine called Matanza in Inyo County, California. It is a placer mine, located seven miles from Independence, and is commonly known as the Matanza Placer Canyon mine. FLAINE—Subscriter, City The paint- ing of “Elaine,” by Toby Rosenthal, was cut from its frame in the store of Snow & Roos, at the cormer of Kearny and Morton streets, San Francisco, on the night of April 2, 1875, and carried away. PROBLEMS—A Reader, Plymouth, Cal. It Is a rule of this department not to solve | problems nor answer auestions in arith- metic for correspondents, and for that rezson no answer is given to queries about the fall of a body and floating eork. FLUSHES AND STRAIGHTS-J. J. J., City. A royal flush is a sequence of the highest cards of one suit in the deck. A straight flush is five cards following in regular order of denomination. A full hand is three cards of the same denomi- nation and two of likewise equal denomi- nation. A flush is five cards of the same suft. SHIP BROKERS—Laurel Station, Cal. As this department does not advertise any private business houses, it cannot publish a list of ship brokers in San Francisco. Correspondents who desire the address of private individuals or business firms should send a stamped and self-addressed envelcpe with the letter of inquiry. MARRIAGE—Subsecriber, City. In Cali- fornia no marriage is legal or valid unless the law governing such is complied with. Contract marriages are no longer recog- nized. A man and woman may live to- gether and call each other husband and wife, but unless the law as to the actual marriage was complied with such would | not be recognized as a marriage. COLUMBIA THEATER-D. B. G, City. The theater on Powell street, near Mar- ket, was first opened as the Columbia May 13, 1895, by the Frawley Company in “Sweet Lavender.” After the fire it was reopered February 11, 18%8. The play was “What Happened to Jones,'™ with Harry Corsen Clarke as the leading man. MOURNING PAPER—A. B. C, City. ‘Whether a person should use mourning paper and envelopes during the period of mourning is a matter that is governed by taste. Of late such paper and en- velopes are used only during the firsc period of mourning when communicating with friends and acquaintances. TO POISON WHEAT--D. E. P, Corn- wall, Cal. There are some who poison wheat to get rid of sauirrels by soaking the same in a preparation of strychnine; others spray the wheat with a Mke prep- aration. There are a number of prepara- tions for the extermination of squirreis that may obtained from druggists which are said to be more effective than poisoned wheat. An agricultural paper gives the following as a method to poison wheat to exterminate squirrels: To one ounce cyanide potash, dissolved in water, nd}:i one pint molasses and ten pounds wheat. BOOKS—Reader, Butte, Mont. The best work containing the history of the Moors in Spain is said to be H. Cappie's "His- tory of the Conquest of Spain by the Arab-Moors,” 2 vols., 1881. The next best is “History of the Arabs in Spain” by Dr. . A. Conde, 3 vols., 1884. “The Memoirs of Simon Bollivar,” by H. L. V. Dueon- dray-Holstein, 1829, are considered the best account of the life of that individual. ‘What is considered F. R. Stockton’s most humorous work depends on the taste of the reader. The choice probably Is be- i tween “Rudder Grange” and “Mrs. Lecks and Mrs. Aleshine.” DEPOSIT IN BANK—L. H. B., City. It is said that under the following provisions of the code of California a minor would have the right to make a deposit in a bank in his own name: “A minor cannot give a delegation of power, nor under the age of 13 make a centract relating to real property or any interest therein or relating to any per- sonal property not in his immediate pos- session or control. ‘A minor may m: any other contract than as above specified in the same man- ner as an adult, subject only to his power of disaffirmance under the provisions of thix title (relating to persons) and subject to the provisions of the titles on marriage and on master and servant.” Choice candies, Townsend's, Palace Hotel* —_————————— Cal. glace fruit 50c per Ib at Townsend's.* —_———————— Townsend’s California glace' fruits, 5ic a , in_fire-etched boxes or Jap bas- Bovr% sy’ Market. Palace Hotel buiding * Special lnfomu:n supplied u%kn,mu business houses and public men ing Bureau (Allen’s), 510 ———————— the farmers of the United S'.Il‘te-: r’eec.el;ved $185.000,000 more for their products than in 1889 ——————————— Do Your Feet Ache And burn, and make you tired all over? Allen's Foot-Ease makes the shoes comfortable, rests and cools the feet and makes walking easy. At all druggists and shoe stores, 25¢. Sample sent FREE. Address Allen S. Olmsted, Le Roy, N.Y. T S i 20 Dr. Sanford’s Liver Invigorator. Best Liver Medicine, VegetableCurefor Liver Iils, Billousness, Indigestion, Constipation, Malaria.* the use of Dr. Siegert's Angostura Bitters.